CN114355066B - Device and method for testing working environment compliance of low-frequency equipment such as subway vehicle transponder and the like - Google Patents
Device and method for testing working environment compliance of low-frequency equipment such as subway vehicle transponder and the like Download PDFInfo
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- CN114355066B CN114355066B CN202111394079.7A CN202111394079A CN114355066B CN 114355066 B CN114355066 B CN 114355066B CN 202111394079 A CN202111394079 A CN 202111394079A CN 114355066 B CN114355066 B CN 114355066B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
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- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/001—Measuring interference from external sources to, or emission from, the device under test, e.g. EMC, EMI, EMP or ESD testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/005—Testing of electric installations on transport means
- G01R31/008—Testing of electric installations on transport means on air- or spacecraft, railway rolling stock or sea-going vessels
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for testing working environment compliance of low-frequency equipment such as a subway vehicle transponder, wherein the low-frequency equipment refers to equipment with the highest working frequency within 10M, the device comprises an antenna, NI acquisition equipment and an upper computer, the antenna, the NI acquisition equipment and the upper computer are sequentially connected, the front impedance of the NI acquisition equipment is 50 ohms, and the dynamic range is larger than 60dB. The essence of the invention is that an application of the oscilloscope in the working environment conformance test of low-frequency equipment such as a subway vehicle transponder is found, and then the low-cost oscilloscope equipment, namely NI acquisition equipment, replaces a receiver in a traditional testing device, so that the device cost is greatly saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rail transit EMI test and verification, in particular to a device and a method for testing working environment compliance of low-frequency equipment such as a subway vehicle transponder and the like.
Background
By 2019, 40 cities open rail transit in China and China, and the total length of an operation line is 6882.13 km. The Balise transponder is used as point type equipment for transmitting information to the train, can send message information to the vehicle subsystem, can transmit fixed information, can also connect with a trackside unit to transmit variable information, and is an important means for maintaining safe operation of the train.
The transponder transmission module (Balise Transmission Module, BTM) is an important component of the automatic train protection (Automatic Train Protection, ATP) device, and during the actual operation of the train, because the transponder transmission module is in a complex electromagnetic environment, communication faults caused by electromagnetic interference can occur during train-ground communication, thereby causing ATP system fault alarm.
Therefore, the electromagnetic compatibility interference immunity level of transponders is an important issue. Electromagnetic compatibility requirements for transponder systems are set forth in technical papers Test Specification for Eurobalise FFFIS under ERTMS/ETCS (REF: SUBSET-085) and (REF: SUBSET-036). Therefore, the electromagnetic interference intensity of the train to the transponder in operation is measured, and whether the transponder can normally work in the train environment can be judged.
Transponder systems require that the vehicle radiates in the frequency range of 3.5MHz to 5MHz, typically not exceeding 47dBuA/m. The current testing method of the main stream mechanism is shown in fig. 1. And removing the BTM antenna, installing the MFP loop antenna at the original position, and acquiring the output of the MFP loop antenna by a receiver through a radio frequency cable to acquire a maximum output value so as to judge the radiation interference intensity of the train to the BTM antenna.
The above method has the following disadvantages:
1. the device cost is high. One receiver has a value of over 60 ten thousand yuan, and corresponding standardized software is additionally provided, so that the testing cost is increased. In addition, the above test is performed on a train in operation, and the risk of equipment damage is unavoidable in the process of carrying and testing, which definitely further increases the burden of enterprises.
2. The receiver can only record single-channel signals and has no expansion capability.
3. The receiver can only record the maximum value of the time period, can not be combined with the driving speed and the like to carry out deep analysis on the data, and is not beneficial to tracing the interference working condition and carrying out further rectification analysis.
4. The receiver and the standardized test software have higher experience and technical requirements for testers, and a certain test experience is needed. And the standardized software is not optimized by combining with the actual working condition, the test period cannot be compressed, the renting cost of the test site is expensive and reaches 15 ten thousand/6-8 hours, and the longer test period causes the larger renting cost of the site of the enterprise.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method capable of reducing the cost of testing the working environment compliance of low-frequency equipment such as a subway vehicle transponder.
The scheme of the device is as follows: the utility model provides a low frequency equipment operational environment compliance testing arrangement such as subway vehicle transponder, low frequency equipment indicates the equipment of highest operating frequency within 10M, the device includes antenna and data acquisition equipment, its characterized in that, data acquisition equipment includes NI acquisition equipment and host computer, antenna, NI (National Instruments) acquisition equipment and host computer connect gradually, the leading impedance of NI acquisition equipment is 50 ohms, and dynamic range is greater than 60dB.
The NI acquisition device is an NI acquisition card which is inserted into the clamping groove of the upper computer.
The use of a receiver to collect the output of the antenna has become a popular collocation scheme in the art. The NI acquisition card is called an oscilloscope acquisition card, and is a digital oscilloscope. Prior to the present invention, the reason why the oscilloscope was not applied for the related test was as follows:
1. the measurement accuracy of the general oscilloscope is far lower than that of a receiver;
2. the measurable frequency of a typical oscilloscope is much smaller than a receiver.
In addition, due to the difference between the oscilloscopes and the receiver acquisition principle, no one can want to replace the receiver with the oscilloscopes.
The invention essentially discovers that the oscillograph replaces the possibility of the traditional receiver when the working environment of low-frequency equipment such as a subway vehicle transponder is tested, so that the testing device aiming at the specific working condition is provided, the requirements of relevant technical specifications can be met equally, the cost of the testing device can be reduced to a great extent, and the cost of the device is only one sixth to one eighth of the original cost. In addition, the novel testing device has strong expandability, the digital filter continuously collects the data, the obtained data is a relation curve of the size and time of the radiation disturbance signals, the multichannel collection is supported, multiple paths of signals can be collected at the same clock frequency, the correlation analysis of radiation, driving conditions and the like can be conveniently carried out by means of the convenience of implantation of an upper computer program, the tracing of the source of low-frequency radiation disturbance is facilitated, and the diagnosis purpose is achieved.
The scheme of the method is as follows: a method for testing the working environment compliance of low-frequency equipment such as a subway vehicle transponder and the like is characterized by adopting the device to complete the test.
When the device is used for completing the test, the obtained data is a relation curve of the magnitude of the radiation disturbance signals and time, and as a further scheme, the method further collects the speed signals and the incoming line current of the train so as to analyze the driving working condition.
And the speed signal and the incoming line current of the train are acquired through the device.
The speed signal and the incoming line current of the train are obtained from the driving data of the train, so that time consumption in installing speed and current sensors can be avoided.
The speed signal, the incoming line current and the driving working condition of the train have the following relation:
the device operates in a post-processing mode, or the device is configured with different modes of operation, including a post-processing mode, in which the device stores only data acquired by it during testing.
The method also comprises a process of post-processing the acquired data, wherein the process comprises the following steps:
5) Selecting a data range;
6) Performing FFT conversion and peak hold processing on the selected data;
7) Filtering the data in the step 2) according to the working frequency band of the equipment to be tested;
8) Inserting the time data into the two-dimensional spectrogram obtained in the step 3) to obtain a three-dimensional spectrogram related to time, frequency and signal amplitude.
The process further comprises the following steps:
and inserting the obtained data such as the speed signal and the incoming line current of the train into the three-dimensional spectrogram in a time axis alignment mode.
The beneficial effects are that:
1) Compared with the method for testing the working environment of equipment by adopting a receiver and an antenna, the device can greatly reduce the cost of the device;
2) The device has strong expandability;
3) The data obtained by the method can reflect the change condition of the magnetic field interference intensity of the train along with time, so that other parameters can be expanded, and deep analysis is possible;
4) The method analyzes the train condition by collecting the train speed and the incoming line current, establishes the connection between the train condition and the magnetic field interference intensity, is favorable for tracing the source of low-frequency radiation interference and achieves the purpose of diagnosis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mainstream test method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a testing method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram of parameters of a digital oscilloscope NI PXI 5105;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the post-processing flow of the test method according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments and drawings. The following embodiment relates to a working environment compliance testing device for a transponder of a metro vehicle, as shown in fig. 2, the device comprises an antenna, an NI acquisition device and an upper computer, wherein the antenna, the NI acquisition device and the upper computer are sequentially connected.
The antenna adopts an MFP loop antenna.
The NI acquisition equipment is an NI acquisition card which is inserted into a clamping groove of the upper computer.
The upper computer adopts a notebook computer.
The NI acquisition card adopted in the embodiment is NI PXI 5105, and is a digital oscilloscope. Its pre-impedance is 50 ohms, which is the same as the receiver, which is necessary for the solution of the invention.
The parameters of such a pick-up card with a pre-anti-aliasing filter are shown in fig. 3. The dynamic range of the acquisition card under the condition of using 50 ohm pre-impedance is 72dBc, which is higher than the minimum 60dB range in CISPR 16-1-1 standard, and is also close to the 75dB range of R & S ESR series receiver, which shows that the measurement accuracy of the acquisition card can meet the requirements of related standards.
According to the nyquist sampling theorem, in the process of converting an analog/digital signal, when the sampling frequency is greater than 2 times of the highest frequency in the signal, the sampled digital signal can completely retain the information in the original signal, and in practical application, the sampling frequency is preferably 2.56-4 times of the highest frequency of the signal. It can be seen that, for the signal to be measured with the highest frequency of 4-6MHz (the working frequency of the metro vehicle transponder is generally less than 5 MHz), the sampling rate of the NI PXI 5105 acquisition card 60Ms/s is completed, and the complete recording of the signal can be satisfied.
From the above, the above-mentioned acquisition card can meet the requirements of the relevant technical specifications for the data acquisition equipment used for the above-mentioned test.
In the conventional mode of using a receiver to collect the output of an antenna, this embodiment essentially finds an application of the oscilloscope in testing the working environment of low frequency devices such as a transponder of a metro vehicle (typically, the highest working frequency should be within 10M, otherwise, the cost of the oscilloscope will increase and the meaning of replacing the receiver with it will gradually be lost), and seeks to replace a possibility of the conventional receiver with such an oscilloscope at low cost. The test device for the specific working condition, which is proposed by the embodiment, can greatly reduce the cost of the device, and the cost of the device is only one sixth to one eighth of that of a receiver while meeting the requirements of related technical specifications.
In addition, the device of the embodiment can replace a receiver, and has the following additional advantages:
the device adopts a continuous acquisition mode of a digital filter, the finally obtained data is a relation curve of the size and time of the radiation disturbance signals, multi-channel acquisition is supported, multiple signals can be acquired simultaneously under the same clock frequency, analysis of radiation, driving working conditions and the like can be conveniently carried out by means of convenience of implantation of an upper computer program, tracing of a source of low-frequency radiation disturbance is facilitated, and the purpose of diagnosis is achieved.
In short, compared with a receiver, the device of the embodiment has low cost and strong expandability.
In addition, the device of the embodiment also has the characteristic of simple operation, has lower experience and technical requirements for testers, and can be quickly put into the hands of new people without test experience.
The device is used for testing the working environment compliance of low-frequency equipment such as a subway vehicle transponder, and the method is introduced as follows:
and removing the BTM antenna, installing the MFP loop antenna at the original position, connecting the MFP loop antenna with the NI acquisition card, and inserting the NI acquisition card into a clamping groove of the upper computer.
And the relation curve of the radiation disturbance signal size and time is obtained by controlling the sampling rate, the sampling time and the like of the NI acquisition card through the upper computer. The record capable of reflecting the real-time change of the data in the test process has better application value compared with the maximum value of the section obtained by the receiver.
The NI acquisition card is provided with 8 channels, and can acquire multiple paths of signals at the same clock frequency. For example, a speed signal of a train can be added through connecting a speed sensor, and a wire-in current signal can be increased through adding a current clamp at a wire-in position of the train. The driving working condition can be judged through the speed and the line-in current under the absolute time axis, the relation between the measured low-frequency magnetic field and the train working condition is evaluated, the maximum emission working condition is conveniently found, the source of low-frequency radiation interference is traced, and the purpose of diagnosis is achieved.
In addition, due to time urgency in the actual test process, the steps of installing the speed and current-voltage sensor are complex and time-consuming, and a train producer or an operator can lead out driving data in the test process, and after comparing an absolute time axis, the speed and the incoming line current information are led into an obtained spectrogram according to the time axis.
Relationship between line current voltage and vehicle speed and driving condition
Modern subway trains generally have four basic driving conditions. The incoming line voltage is maintained substantially within the nominal range. On the basis of guaranteeing continuous operation of auxiliary equipment, the incoming line current presents a proportional relationship along with the power of the traction motor. As shown in table 1, during the start-up of the train, the train continues to accelerate with an increase in tractive power and an increase in incoming line current. After a period of acceleration time, the working conditions of stable current input and continuous traction output are entered. After the train operator stops accelerating, the train enters an idle running interval, at the moment, the traction motor stops working, the line entering current is only the current required by auxiliary equipment, and the running speed can be slowly reduced. As the trainman performs a braking deceleration operation, the train starts a service electric brake program. The traction motor becomes a generator for energy recovery, providing braking reverse resistance. And meanwhile, the current is reversely output to a power supply network to recover energy, and the voltage of the wire inlet is increased.
TABLE 1
The main power equipment and interference sources on the train are as follows:
an electric brake system;
traction systems (high-speed circuit breakers, traction inverters, traction motors and reactors);
auxiliary power supply systems (filter reactors, auxiliary inverters, and chargers);
an air conditioning system;
a track signal system;
access control system and passenger information interaction system.
The system, in particular the traction system, is closely related to the driving conditions. Therefore, the running working condition is linked, the tracing to the interference is facilitated, and the efficiency of train low-frequency radiation diagnosis can be greatly improved. If the low-frequency radiation exceeds the standard, characteristic working condition tests can be carried out by switching on and off each train subsystem, so that a transmitting source can be quickly found out, and further, the next rectifying work can be carried out more effectively.
At the upper computer end, the data can be recorded and analyzed, or the original data can be stored first and then analyzed later, so that the test time is saved. And the two modes are converted, and a user can select through the upper computer.
The acquired data are stored on a notebook computer in the form of TDMS files, and the stored TDMS files are continuous time domain signals with time scales. In general, after the data is collected in real time, FFT conversion and peak value holding processing are carried out at the upper computer end at the same time, so that a two-dimensional spectrogram is obtained.
Or after the selection of the user, only collecting and storing the data (stored in the form of a TDMS file) in the test process, and then carrying out data processing at a later stage. The flow of post-processing of the data is shown in fig. 4.
1) Setting a time domain data starting point to filter out data which do not accord with the testing working condition in the earlier stage;
2) Performing FFT conversion and peak hold processing;
3) Filtering, and only storing data in a monitoring frequency band;
4) Inserting the time data into the two-dimensional spectrogram obtained in the step 3) to obtain a three-dimensional spectrogram related to time, frequency and signal amplitude;
5) And inserting the collected data such as the speed, the line current and the like into the three-dimensional spectrogram in a time axis alignment mode.
Claims (7)
1. A method for testing the working environment compliance of low-frequency equipment such as a subway vehicle transponder and the like, wherein the low-frequency equipment refers to equipment with the highest working frequency within 10M, and is characterized in that the testing method is realized by adopting the following devices;
the device comprises an antenna and data acquisition equipment, wherein the data acquisition equipment comprises NI acquisition equipment and an upper computer, the antenna, the NI acquisition equipment and the upper computer are sequentially connected, the front impedance of the NI acquisition equipment is 50 ohms, and the dynamic range is greater than 60dB;
according to the testing method, a relation curve of the magnitude of the radiation disturbance signal and time is obtained through the device, speed signals and incoming line currents of a train are collected at the same clock frequency, then the connection of a driving working condition and a tested low-frequency magnetic field with the train working condition is judged through the speed and the incoming line currents of an absolute time axis, and then the connection of the external radiation condition and the driving working condition of the system is generated according to a main disturbance source of the train, so that the tracing of disturbance is assisted.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the NI acquisition device is an NI acquisition card that is inserted into a card slot of the host computer.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the rate signal and the in-line current of the train are collected by the device.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said rate signal and in-line current of the train are derived from train movement data.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the rate signal and the incoming line current of the train are related to driving conditions as follows:
the speed is increased, the incoming current is positive, and the driving working condition is acceleration;
the speed is stable, the incoming line current is stable to a positive value, and the driving working condition is uniform speed;
the speed is slowly reduced, the incoming line current is stable, and the driving working condition is idle;
the speed is reduced, the incoming line current is negative, and the driving working condition is braking.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the device operates in a post-processing mode, or wherein the device is configured with a different mode of operation, including a post-processing mode, in which the device stores only data acquired by it during testing.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the testing method unifies the obtained radiation disturbance signal, the velocity of the train and the incoming line current under an absolute time axis by the following processing flow:
1) Selecting a data range of the relation curve;
2) Performing FFT conversion and peak hold processing on the selected data;
3) Filtering the data in the step 2) according to the working frequency band of the equipment to be tested;
4) Inserting the time data into the two-dimensional spectrogram obtained in the step 3) to obtain a three-dimensional spectrogram related to time, frequency and signal amplitude;
5) And inserting the obtained speed signal and the line current data of the train into the three-dimensional spectrogram in a time axis alignment mode.
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