CN114354888A - Experimental device and method based on karst binary space structure non-point source pollution - Google Patents
Experimental device and method based on karst binary space structure non-point source pollution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental device and method based on karst binary space structure non-point source pollution, belongs to the field of environmental pollution experiments, and solves the problem that the karst region soil can not be subjected to binary space structure pollution research in the traditional technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental pollution experiments, and particularly relates to an experimental device and method based on karst binary space structure non-point source pollution.
Background
Agricultural non-point source pollution has become a serious environmental problem of common concern in the world. Agricultural non-point source pollution treatment is an effective way for realizing the health of agricultural production environment, and provides a path and guarantee for the green development of agriculture.
In the southwest karst region of China, the carbonate rock on the earth surface is exposed, and the ecological environment is fragile. The karst area has special geological background and soil forming environment. Resulting in less soil forming substances, poor and discontinuous soil and extremely deficient agricultural cultivated land resources in the area. Social, economic and educational development is backward, is restricted by economy and is forced by life, people have blindness to land utilization, mineral resource exploitation, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and the pollution control capital and technology cannot keep up with, which causes the pollution degree of soil and water environment to be aggravated. In addition, the karst region has high-temperature and rainy climate characteristics and a complex 'aboveground and underground' binary space hydrological system, so that pollutants can rapidly migrate and diffuse to the earth surface and underground. Compared with the non-karst region, the environmental pollution of the karst region is characterized by small bearing capacity, flexible migration (mainly migration along with the ground surface and underground water flow), wide sweep range, high harmfulness and difficult management.
Therefore, research on soil pollution control in karst regions is urgently needed, and the key to the research on soil pollution control in karst regions is to grasp the migration, transformation and fate processes of pollutants in soil. At present, no research method and device for migration, transformation and homing processes aiming at karst 'binary space structure' non-point source pollution exist.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the pollution research of the karst region soil in the binary space structure can not be carried out in the prior art, the invention provides an experimental device and method based on karst binary space structure non-point source pollution, and the purpose is as follows: the study on the surface and bottom pollution of the binary space structure in the karst region is realized, and the collection of surface water and bottom water is realized.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides an experimental apparatus based on karst binary space structure non-point source pollutes, includes the diversion pond, the diversion pond is connected with spray set, the fixed flow control valve that is provided with among the spray set, the fixed experimental apparatus that is provided with in spray set's the below, experimental apparatus's inside is filled with the soil sample, experimental apparatus's upper end is connected with the earth's surface collection tank, experimental apparatus's lower extreme is connected with the ground end collection tank, be provided with limbers and hole adjusting device among the experimental apparatus.
Adopt above-mentioned scheme, wherein the diversion basin can provide the liquid that can spray for spray set, liquid that sprays and go out from spray set through the diversion basin gets into the experimental apparatus, wherein the inside of experimental apparatus holds earth, an observation experiment for soil under the pollution of polluting liquid, wherein the experimental apparatus top leads to water piping connection earth's surface collecting tank, the collection tank at the bottom is connected to the bottom, through this kind of structure, can collect the liquid of earth top and bottom and study on next step in the experimental apparatus, middle part at the experimental apparatus sets up the pore adjusting device, the pore adjusting device is used for adjusting the porosity of limbers, the experimenter can be through adjusting the porosity of limbers, adjust the underground simulation crack of soil, can play the effect of nimble regulation.
The top of the experimental device is fixedly provided with an annular top cover, and a ring net is fixedly arranged below the annular top cover.
Adopt above-mentioned scheme, wherein the looped netowrk can prevent that the insect in earth from climbing out from experimental apparatus, influences the experimental environment, and wherein the structure of looped netowrk can be fixed to annular top cap, prevents that the looped netowrk from taking place deformation and preventing that the rainwater from directly getting into annular U groove in liquid sprays.
The top of experimental apparatus is fixed and is provided with annular U groove, annular U groove includes surface water collecting vat and apopore, the apopore is connected the earth's surface collection tank.
Adopt above-mentioned scheme, fixed setting annular U groove in the top layer of earth in the experimental apparatus, wherein the liquid on earth top layer can be collected to annular U groove to let in this liquid through the apopore and collect the jar on earth's surface, wherein the U-shaped structure in annular U groove can prevent that the side of earth's surface liquid is excessive, pollutes experimental environment.
The pore adjusting device comprises an upper circular plate and a lower circular plate, a water through hole corresponding to the position is formed in the upper circular plate and the lower circular plate, the water through hole is connected with the underground collecting tank, a pushing separation blade is arranged between the upper circular plate and the lower circular plate in a sliding mode, a pull rod is fixedly connected with the pushing separation blade, the crack degree is carved on the pull rod, the pull rod is driven to pass through the upper circular plate and the lower circular plate, and the area of the pushing separation blade is larger than that of the water through hole.
By adopting the scheme, the hole adjusting device arranged at the bottom of the experimental device can control the pushing and pulling of the pushing and blocking piece through the pull rod, and the area of the water through hole shielded by the pushing and blocking piece can be adjusted and the underground porosity can be adjusted in the pushing and pulling processes of the pushing and blocking piece.
A guide plate is fixedly arranged between the upper circular plate and the lower circular plate, and the pull rod is arranged in the guide plate in a sliding mode.
By adopting the scheme, the sliding path of the pull rod can be ensured to be a straight line through the guide plate structure.
The ground surface collecting tank is fixedly provided with a first water outlet pipe, the ground bottom collecting tank is fixedly provided with a second water outlet pipe, and the second water outlet pipe and the first water outlet pipe are fixedly provided with a second water pump.
And a water-stop plate is fixedly arranged inside the water diversion pool.
Adopt above-mentioned scheme, can realize evenly intaking in the diversion basin, prevent that the rivers of intaking from assaulting the diversion basin excessively to can prevent to be used for the rivers of intaking in the diversion basin to form the wave, cause the rocking in diversion basin, can realize making spray set's rainfall rainwater more even technological effect through this kind.
The invention also provides an experimental method for the karst binary space structure-based non-point source pollution of the device, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step A: adjusting a gap adjusting device in the experimental device, and determining the porosity of the experimental device according to experimental requirements;
and B: filling the air-dried and sieved soil sample into an experimental device, spraying water to wet the soil sample to enable the soil sample to reach the specified water content, covering a top cover, and standing for culture;
and C: putting soil animals or spraying a certain amount of pollutant source substances into the experimental device after standing;
step D: adjusting a flow regulating valve according to the rainfall capacity and the rainfall intensity, so that the average value of the rainfall capacity and the rainfall intensity of the spraying device reaches a design value, and the rainfall uniformity is ensured to reach 85%;
step E: simulating artificial rainfall on the experimental device after the static culture, recording rainfall time, underground runoff producing time and surface runoff producing time, and stopping the rainfall after the rainfall reaches the set time;
step F: after artificial rainfall simulation ends, soil samples are collected in the experimental device and stored in a sealed mode, surface water samples and bottom water samples are collected in the surface collecting tank and the bottom collecting tank and stored in a sealed mode, and the soil samples and the water samples are sent into a laboratory for soil physical and chemical analysis and pollutant form analysis.
The calculation formula of the porosity in the step A is as follows:
wherein P is1For porosity of the push-out flap other than halfway in the limber hole, P2In order to push the porosity of the baffle within half of the water through hole, R is the radius of the upper circular plate and the lower circular plate, R is the radius of the water through hole, d is the moving distance, sBig (a)Is the area of the upper and lower circular plates, sSmallThe area of the water through hole.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. wherein the pond of transferring water can provide the liquid that can spray for spray set, liquid that sprays and go out from spray set through the pond of transferring water gets into experimental apparatus, wherein experimental apparatus's inside holds earth, an observation experiment for soil is under the pollution of polluting liquid, wherein the experimental apparatus top leads to pipe connects the earth's surface collecting tank, the bottom collecting tank is connected to the bottom, through this kind of structure, can collect the liquid of earth top and bottom among the experimental apparatus and study on next step, middle part at experimental apparatus sets up hole adjusting device, the experimenter can adjust and push away the area that the separation blade sheltered from the limbers, thereby simulation crack degree among the control experimental apparatus.
2. Wherein the looped netowrk can prevent that the insect in earth from climbing out from experimental apparatus, influences experimental environment, and wherein the structure of looped netowrk can be fixed to annular top cap prevents that the looped netowrk from taking place deformation and preventing that the rainwater from directly getting into annular U groove in liquid sprays.
3. The fixed annular U groove that sets up in the top layer of earth in the experimental apparatus, wherein the annular U groove can collect the liquid on earth top layer to let in this liquid through the apopore and collect the jar on earth's surface, wherein the U-shaped structure in annular U groove can prevent that the side of earth's surface liquid is excessive, pollutes experimental environment.
4. The pore adjusting device arranged at the bottom of the experimental device can control the pushing and pulling of the pushing and blocking piece through the pull rod, and can adjust the area of the pushing and blocking piece for shielding the limber hole and adjust the underground porosity in the pushing and pulling processes of the pushing and blocking piece.
5. Through the guide plate structure, the sliding path of the pull rod can be ensured to be a straight line.
6. Can realize evenly intaking in the diversion basin, prevent that the rivers of intaking from assaulting the diversion basin excessively to can prevent to be used for the rivers of intaking in the diversion basin to form the wave, cause the rocking in diversion basin, can realize making spray set's rainfall rainwater more even technological effect through this kind.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the main viewing structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the top view of the annular U-shaped groove of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an aperture adjustment device of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an assembly view of the annular U-groove of the present invention.
Description of the drawings: 1-water inlet pipe; 2-a water mixing tank; 3-a water-stop sheet; 4-a first water pump; 5-a spraying device; 6-annular top cover; 7-looped network; 8-an annular U-shaped groove; 9-a second water pump; 10-a pore regulating device; 11-a first through tube; 12-a second tube; 13-a ground bottom collection tank; 14-a surface collection tank; 15-a second water outlet pipe; 16-a first water outlet pipe; 17-surface water collection tank; 18-water outlet; 19-water through holes; 20-pushing the blocking piece; 21-a pull rod; 22-a handle; 23-flow regulating valve.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
The utility model provides an experimental apparatus based on karst binary space structure non-point source pollutes, includes water transfer pool 2, water transfer pool 2 is connected with spray set 5, the fixed flow control valve 23 that is provided with in spray set 5, the fixed experimental apparatus that is provided with in below of spray set 5, experimental apparatus's inside is filled with the soil sample, experimental apparatus's upper end is connected with earth's surface collection tank 14, experimental apparatus's lower extreme is connected with the collection tank 13 at the bottom of the ground, be provided with limbers 19 and hole adjusting device 10 in the experimental apparatus.
The top of experimental apparatus is fixed and is provided with annular top cap 6, the fixed looped netowrk 7 that is provided with in below of annular top cap 6.
The fixed annular U groove 8 that is provided with in experimental apparatus's top, annular U groove 8 includes surface water collecting vat 17 and apopore 18, apopore 18 is connected surface collection tank 14.
The pore adjusting device 10 comprises an upper circular plate and a lower circular plate, a water through hole 19 corresponding to the position is formed in the upper circular plate and the lower circular plate, the water through hole 19 is connected with the underground collecting tank 13, a pushing separation blade 20 is arranged between the upper circular plate and the lower circular plate in a sliding mode, the pushing separation blade 20 is fixedly connected with a pull rod 21, the pull rod 21 is carved with crack degrees, the pull rod 21 is led out from the upper circular plate and the lower circular plate, and the area of the pushing separation blade 20 is larger than that of the water through hole 19.
A guide plate is fixedly arranged between the upper circular plate and the lower circular plate, and the pull rod 21 is arranged in the guide plate in a sliding mode.
A first water outlet pipe 16 is fixedly arranged in the ground surface collecting tank 14, a second water outlet pipe 15 is fixedly arranged in the ground bottom collecting tank 13, and a second water pump is fixedly arranged in the second water outlet pipe 15 and the first water outlet pipe 16.
The water-stop sheet 3 is fixedly arranged inside the water inlet pipe 2.
The karst binary space structure based surface source pollution experiment method used for the device in the embodiment is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step A: adjusting a gap adjusting device in the experimental device, and determining the porosity of the experimental device according to experimental requirements;
and B: filling the air-dried and sieved soil sample into an experimental device, spraying water to wet the soil sample to enable the soil sample to reach the specified water content, covering a top cover, and standing for culture;
and C: putting soil animals or spraying a certain amount of pollutant source substances into the experimental device after standing;
step D: adjusting a flow regulating valve according to the rainfall capacity and the rainfall intensity, so that the average value of the rainfall capacity and the rainfall intensity of the spraying device reaches a design value, and the rainfall uniformity is ensured to reach 85%;
step E: simulating artificial rainfall on the experimental device after the static culture, recording rainfall time, underground runoff producing time and surface runoff producing time, and stopping the rainfall after the rainfall reaches the set time;
step F: after artificial rainfall simulation ends, soil samples are collected in the experimental device and stored in a sealed mode, surface water samples and bottom water samples are collected in the surface collecting tank and the bottom collecting tank and stored in a sealed mode, and the soil samples and the water samples are sent into a laboratory for soil physical and chemical analysis and pollutant form analysis.
The adjustment formula of the pore adjusting device is as follows:
wherein P is1For porosity of the push-out flap other than halfway in the limber hole, P2In order to push the porosity of the baffle within half of the water through hole, R is the radius of the upper circular plate and the lower circular plate, R is the radius of the water through hole, d is the moving distance, sBig (a)Is the area of the upper and lower circular plates, sSmallThe area of the water through hole.
In the above embodiment, the water diversion basin 2 stores water through the water inlet pipe 1, and sprays liquid from the spraying device 5 to the experimental device through the first water pump 4, the experimental device is provided with soil for pollution experiments, in the pollution experiments, surface water and bottom water of the soil need to be collected respectively, so that the top and bottom of the experimental device are provided with the second through pipe 12 and the first through pipe 11 respectively for collecting liquid on the surface and the bottom, wherein the second through pipe 12 is connected with the bottom collecting tank 13, the bottom collecting tank 13 is used for collecting bottom liquid at the bottom of the soil in the experimental device, the first through pipe 11 is connected with the surface collecting tank 14, the surface collecting tank 14 is used for collecting surface liquid at the top of the soil in the experimental device, wherein the bottom collecting tank 13 and the surface collecting tank 14 are connected with the second water outlet pipe 15 and the first water outlet pipe 16 respectively, the second water pump 9 is arranged in the second water outlet pipe 15 and the first water outlet pipe 16 respectively, the second water pump can lead the special proposal of the surface collecting tank 14 and the ground bottom collecting tank 13 to the subsequent experimental equipment.
In this embodiment, the diameter of first siphunculus 11 is 2cm, and the diameter of second siphunculus 12 is 3.9cm, and water transfer pond 2 is the cuboid structure, and water transfer pond 2 is long 100cm, wide 60cm, and high 80cm, wherein spray set 5 includes rainfall dish and water pipe, and wherein flow control valve sets up in the water pipe, sets up several shower valve heads in the rainfall dish, can change the shower valve head of different diameters according to the demand that sprays.
Wherein the diversion basin 2 is connected with a water inlet pipe 1, wherein the bottom of the experimental device is provided with a pore adjusting device, which is specifically characterized in that the pore adjusting device comprises an upper disc and a lower disc, a gap is formed between the upper disc and the lower disc, a push baffle plate 20 is arranged in the gap in a sliding manner, the push baffle plate 20 is used for shielding the water through holes arranged on the upper disc and the lower disc, the low crack degree of the karst region can be adjusted through the structure simulation, the crack degree is marked on a pull rod, the crack degree is calculated through the relation between the distance d of the pull rod and the porosity p, the specific formula is the formula I and the formula II, the specific adjusting mode is that the push baffle plate 20 is connected with the pull rod 21, the pull rod 21 is led out from the gap between the upper disc and the lower disc, and an experimental person pushes or pulls out from the gap, thereby achieving the effect of controlling the area of the water through hole 19 shielded by the push baffle plate 20, the three limbers 19 and the three pushing baffles 20 are arranged, the pull rod 1 is designed to be of a structure like a Chinese character 'shan', the specific structure of the pull rod is shown in fig. 3, a handle 22 is fixedly arranged at the end of the pull rod 21, operation of experimenters is facilitated, two guide plates are arranged between an upper disc and a lower disc, a channel is formed between the two guide plates, and the pull rod 21 is arranged in the channel in a sliding manner, so that the walking track of the pull rod is guaranteed to be a straight line.
Because the experiment needs, need to have all kinds of biology in earth to the insect is many, can prevent at looped netowrk 7 at the experimental apparatus top that the insect from climbing out from the experimental apparatus, causes experimental environment's pollution.
In an actual test, an experimenter firstly adjusts the pull rod 21, determines the adjustable porosity of the experimental device according to the experimental requirements, then directly fills the air-dried and sieved soil sample into a test groove or uniformly mixes other repairing materials and fills the soil sample into the experimental device, wherein the thickness of the soil sample is 30cm, the input amount is calculated according to the volume and the volume weight, then water is sprayed to wet the soil, so that the soil reaches the corresponding water content, a water stop valve is closed, an annular top cover is covered, and standing culture is carried out;
after static culture, putting living repair materials such as soil animals, microorganisms and the like into the experimental device, or spraying a certain amount of pollutant source substances, and then performing static culture.
After two times of standing culture, the spraying device is opened, the experimental device is guaranteed to be fully covered by the projection of the spraying device 5, the rainfall starts and the rainfall time is recorded, the low runoff producing time and the surface runoff producing time are recorded, and the rainfall stops after reaching the set time.
After rainfall, soil is collected in the experimental device and stored in a sealing mode, surface and low water samples are collected in the underground collecting tank 13 and the surface collecting tank 14 and stored in a sealing mode, and the samples are sent to a laboratory for soil physical and chemical analysis and pollutant form analysis. The loss direction and the form of pollutants in a karst binary structure space are known and mastered in an artificial rainfall mode; meanwhile, the method can also be used for researching the treatment effect of karst surface source pollution and the change of physicochemical properties of soil pH, soil corrosion resistance, aggregates and the like in the treatment process.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical idea of the present application, several changes and modifications can be made, which are all within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an experimental apparatus based on karst binary space structure non-point source pollutes, a serial communication port, including diversion basin (2), diversion basin (2) are connected with spray set (5), the fixed flow control valve (23) that is provided with in spray set (5), the fixed experimental apparatus that is provided with in below of spray set (5), the inside loading of experimental apparatus has soil sample, the upper end of experimental apparatus is connected with earth's surface collection tank (14), the lower extreme of experimental apparatus is connected with end of land collection tank (13), be provided with limbers (19) and hole adjusting device (10) among the experimental apparatus.
2. The karst binary space structure-based non-point source pollution experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein an annular top cover (6) is fixedly arranged at the top of the experimental device, and a looped network (7) is fixedly arranged below the annular top cover (6).
3. The karst binary space structure-based non-point source pollution experiment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein an annular U groove (8) is fixedly arranged at the top of the experiment device, the annular U groove (8) comprises a surface water collecting groove (17) and a water outlet hole (18), and the water outlet hole (18) is connected with the surface water collecting tank (14).
4. The karst binary space structure non-point source pollution-based experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aperture adjusting device (10) comprises an upper circular plate and a lower circular plate, the upper circular plate and the lower circular plate are provided with the water through holes (19), the water through holes (19) are connected with the underground collection tank (13), a pushing and blocking plate (20) is arranged between the upper circular plate and the lower circular plate in a sliding mode, the pushing and blocking plate (20) is fixedly connected with a pull rod (21), the pull rod (21) is provided with a crack degree in a carved mode, the pull rod (21) is led out of the position between the upper circular plate and the lower circular plate, the area of the pushing and blocking plate (20) is larger than that of the water through holes (19), and the pushing and blocking plate (20) corresponds to the position of the water through holes (19).
5. The karst binary space structure based on plane source pollution experimental device as claimed in claim 4, wherein a guide plate is fixedly arranged between the upper circular plate and the lower circular plate, and the pull rod (21) is slidably arranged in the guide plate.
6. The karst binary space structure-based non-point source pollution experiment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a first water outlet pipe (16) is fixedly arranged in the surface collecting tank (14), a second water outlet pipe (15) is fixedly arranged in the underground collecting tank (13), and a second water pump is fixedly arranged in the first water outlet pipe (16) and the second water outlet pipe (15).
7. The karst binary space structure-based non-point source pollution experiment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a water-stop plate (3) is fixedly arranged inside the diversion basin (2).
8. The method for applying the karst binary space structure based non-point source pollution experimental device in claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step A: adjusting a gap adjusting device in the experimental device, and determining the porosity of the experimental device according to experimental requirements;
and B: filling the air-dried and sieved soil sample into an experimental device, spraying water to wet the soil sample to enable the soil sample to reach the specified water content, covering a top cover, and standing for culture;
and C: putting soil animals or spraying a certain amount of pollutant source substances into the experimental device after standing;
step D: adjusting a flow regulating valve according to the rainfall capacity and the rainfall intensity, so that the average value of the rainfall capacity and the rainfall intensity of the spraying device reaches a design value, and the rainfall uniformity is ensured to reach 85%;
step E: simulating artificial rainfall on the experimental device after the static culture, recording rainfall time, underground runoff producing time and surface runoff producing time, and stopping the rainfall after the rainfall reaches the set time;
step F: after artificial rainfall simulation ends, soil samples are collected in the experimental device and stored in a sealed mode, surface water samples and bottom water samples are collected in the surface collecting tank and the bottom collecting tank and stored in a sealed mode, and the soil samples and the water samples are sent into a laboratory for soil physical and chemical analysis and pollutant form analysis.
9. The karst binary space structure-based area source pollution experimental method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the calculation formula of the porosity in the step A is as follows:
wherein P is1For porosity of the push-out flap other than halfway in the limber hole, P2In order to push the porosity of the baffle within half of the water through hole, R is the radius of the upper circular plate and the lower circular plate, R is the radius of the water through hole, d is the moving distance, sBig (a)Is the area of the upper and lower circular plates, sSmallThe area of the water through hole.
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