CN114354762A - Coal rock instability destruction precursor information identification method - Google Patents
Coal rock instability destruction precursor information identification method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for judging the information of a coal rock instability destruction precursor, which comprises the following steps: carrying out real-time acoustic emission monitoring on the loaded coal rock mass, and acquiring the spatial coordinates and the seismic time of an acoustic emission event corresponding to the loaded coal rock mass to obtain an acoustic emission event sequence; establishing a single-key group structure of an acoustic emission event sequence; calculating a unit vector of each single key, translating the starting point of each unit vector to the sphere center of the unit sphere, and converting the direction characteristics of each single key into discrete points on the spherical surface of the unit sphere for representation; obtaining the distribution characteristics of discrete points on the spherical surface by adopting a spherical crown surface covering method, and obtaining the fractal dimension of the distribution characteristics in the single bond direction; and acquiring the precursor information of coal rock instability damage by analyzing the change rule of the fractal dimension of the single-bond direction distribution characteristics, and realizing the early warning of coal rock instability damage. The method for judging and identifying the coal rock instability damage precursor information is convenient to solve and reliable in result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal safety engineering, in particular to a method for judging and identifying the coal rock instability damage precursor information.
Background
Coal is used as a basic energy source. With the increasing of the mining depth, deep coal-rock bodies are often in a multiphase multi-field coupling occurrence environment with high ground stress, high gas pressure and high ground temperature, the physical mechanical characteristics, basic mechanical behavior characteristics and engineering response of the coal-rock bodies are fundamentally changed, and stress disturbance caused by roof fracture, fault slippage, excavation, blasting and the like causes the risk of coal-rock dynamic disasters to rapidly rise, the disaster recovery mechanism is increasingly complex, the prevention and control difficulty is obviously increased, and the life safety of underground operators and the normal operation of mining activities are seriously threatened.
Acoustic monitoring techniques (mainly including microseismic, acoustic emission, etc.) are considered to be one of the most effective and most potential coal rock damage monitoring and early warning methods. Compared with other monitoring and early warning methods, the acoustic monitoring technology has the greatest advantage that the time-space parameters of the coal-rock mass fracture source can be positioned. The coal rock mass has obvious anisotropy and heterogeneity, and under the action of external load, the coal rock mass acoustic emission events have obvious randomness in a time domain and a space domain. For this reason, many researchers have studied the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of acoustic emission events. However, most of the researches only focus on individual acoustic emission events, and few researches are carried out on the correlation characteristics of the acoustic emission events, and an effective accurate coal rock mass precursor information identification method is not formed yet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for judging and identifying coal and rock mass instability damage precursor information, which aims to solve the technical problems that most of the prior art only focuses on acoustic emission event individuals, few researches are carried out on the correlation characteristics of the acoustic emission events, and an effective method for accurately judging and identifying the coal and rock mass precursor information is still not formed.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for judging coal rock instability destruction precursor information comprises the following steps:
the real-time acoustic emission monitoring device is arranged to perform real-time acoustic emission monitoring on the loaded coal rock mass, so that the spatial coordinates and the seismic time of the acoustic emission events corresponding to the loaded coal rock mass are obtained, and an acoustic emission event sequence is obtained;
establishing a single-key group structure of an acoustic emission event sequence;
converting the direction characteristics of each single key in the single key group structure into discrete point representation on the spherical surface of the unit sphere;
obtaining the distribution characteristics of discrete points on the spherical surface and obtaining the fractal dimension of the distribution characteristics in the single bond direction;
and acquiring coal and rock instability damage precursor information by analyzing the change rule of the fractal dimension of the single-bond direction distribution characteristics, and realizing coal and rock instability damage early warning based on the acquired coal and rock instability damage precursor information.
Further, the single bond group architecture for establishing a sequence of acoustic emission events comprises:
respectively calculating the space-time distance between every two events of the acoustic emission event sequence;
based on the calculated space-time distance, for any event s, globally searching the nearest event; and linearly connecting the event s with the nearest event w to form a single bond; continuously searching the nearest event of the event w and connecting until all the events are searched, and establishing a plurality of single key group subsets;
and searching the nearest subset of each single key group subset, and connecting each single key group subset with the nearest subset until all the single key group subsets are searched, thereby completing the establishment of the whole single key group framework.
Further, the converting the directional characteristic of each single bond in the single bond group structure into a discrete point representation on the unit sphere includes:
calculating a unit vector of each single key in the single key group structure;
calculating the spherical coordinate of each unit vector, and converting the spherical coordinate from a rectangular coordinate system to a spherical coordinate system;
translating the starting point of each unit vector to the sphere center of the unit sphere, and converting the direction characteristic of each single bond into discrete points on the spherical surface of the unit sphere for representation.
Further, the obtaining of the distribution characteristics of the discrete points on the spherical surface and the fractal dimension of the distribution characteristics in the single bond direction includes:
based on a fractal theory, covering discrete points on the spherical surface by adopting a spherical cap surface covering method;
and calculating the fractal dimension of the single-bond direction distribution characteristics by using a box dimension method.
Further, the calculating the fractal dimension of the single-bond direction distribution characteristics by using a box-dimension method comprises the following steps:
and determining a horizontal coordinate and a vertical coordinate based on the central angle alpha and the number M of the covered discrete points to carry out drawing, wherein the slope of the horizontal coordinate and the vertical coordinate is the fractal dimension of the discrete points distributed on the spherical surface, namely the fractal dimension of the single-bond direction distribution characteristic.
Further, the determining of the abscissa and the ordinate based on the central angle α and the number M of covered discrete points for mapping, the slope of which is the fractal dimension of the distribution of the discrete points on the spherical surface, i.e. the fractal dimension of the distribution feature in the single bond direction, includes:
the spherical crown surface area S is calculated using the following formula:
S＝2πRH
in the formula, R is the radius of a sphere, and H is the height of a spherical crown; it is further simplified to obtain:
wherein α is a central angle;
get
The spherical crown surface area S is expressed as:
S＝4πL2
the spherical surface is covered by adopting double starting points, and the calculation formula of the spherical crown covering surface is as follows:
S＝8πL2
due to the number M of discrete objects coveredr∝L2Thus, the following results:
wherein M represents the number of covered discrete points, D represents the fractal dimension, C1Represents a material constant;
and (3) plotting log [ sin (alpha/2) ] and log (M) as horizontal and vertical coordinates, wherein the slope of the plot is the fractal dimension of the distribution of the discrete points on the spherical surface, namely the fractal dimension D of the distribution characteristic in the direction of the single bond.
Further, the method for judging the coal rock instability destruction precursor information further comprises the following steps:
and for the continuous acoustic emission event time sequence, determining the acoustic emission event sequence at a certain stage by adopting a sliding event window method, and calculating the fractal dimension corresponding to the current acoustic emission event sequence.
Further, when an acoustic emission event sequence at a certain stage is determined by adopting a sliding event window method, the average value of the occurrence time of all acoustic emission events in a window is defined as the time of the window, and then the stress state corresponding to each window is calculated.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
the method of the invention constructs a single-key group structure of the acoustic emission event based on the time-space information of the acoustic emission event of the coal rock mass, and deeply excavates the time-space correlation characteristic of the acoustic emission event of the coal rock mass by combining a fractal theory, thereby obtaining the precursor information of the destabilization damage of the coal rock mass and realizing the accurate early warning of the destabilization damage of the coal rock mass. The method has reliable results, and can accurately judge and identify the precursor information of the coal-rock instability damage, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the coal-rock instability damage early warning.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for identifying coal-rock mass instability destruction precursor information according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graphical illustration of acoustic emission event localization results at different stress stages provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single-bond cluster structure for acoustic emission events at different stress phases, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spherical cap surface covering method provided by an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) - (d) respectively depict different stages of the spherical cap surface covering method;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation of the spherical crown surface area provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an evolution law of single-bond direction fractal dimension of an acoustic emission event according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment provides a method for judging and identifying information of a coal rock instability destruction precursor, and as shown in fig. 1, an execution flow of the method for judging and identifying information of the coal rock instability destruction precursor includes the following steps:
s1, carrying out real-time acoustic emission monitoring on the loaded coal rock mass by arranging a real-time acoustic emission monitoring device, and acquiring the spatial coordinates and the seismic time of an acoustic emission event corresponding to the loaded coal rock mass to obtain an acoustic emission event sequence;
in the embodiment, a uniaxial compression experiment of the coal body is adopted, real-time acoustic emission monitoring is performed on the whole deformation instability damage process of the coal body, and acoustic emission event monitoring results at different stress stages are shown in fig. 2.
S2, establishing a single-key group structure of the acoustic emission event sequence;
it should be noted that, in this embodiment, the implementation process of S2 is as follows:
for a set of acoustic emission event time series, if there are N acoustic emission events, calculating the spatiotemporal distance between each two events, as shown in the following formula:
let C be 0, dist represent the spatial distance of the event;
for any event s, globally searching for its nearest neighbor; if the event w is the nearest event to the event s, the linear connection between the event w and the event s is a single bond.
Continuously searching the nearest event of the event w according to the method, and connecting; when all events are searched, M (0< M < N/2) single-key group subsets are established. Similarly, the nearest subset of each single key group subset is searched and connected with the nearest subset, and when all subsets are searched, the whole single key group structure is established. The single key group structure of acoustic emission events at different stress phases is shown in fig. 3.
S3, converting the direction characteristics of each single key in the single key group structure into discrete point representation on the unit sphere;
it should be noted that, in this embodiment, the implementation process of S3 is as follows:
if the event w is the nearest event of the event s, and its coordinates are (x) respectivelyw，yw，zw) And (x)s，ys，zs) Then it is a single bond
Can be expressed as (x)w-xs，yw-ys，zw-zs) Calculating the unit vector of each single bond by using formula (2)
And calculating the corresponding spherical coordinates by adopting a formula (3):
and defining a sphere with radius and unit length, translating the starting point of each unit vector to the sphere center of the unit sphere, and enabling the end point of the unit vector to coincide with a certain point on the sphere, wherein the distribution of the points on the sphere is the distribution characteristic of the single bond direction, so that the single bond direction characteristic is converted into the discrete point on the sphere to be represented.
S4, obtaining the distribution characteristics of discrete points on the spherical surface and obtaining the fractal dimension of the distribution characteristics of the single bond direction;
it should be noted that, in this embodiment, the implementation process of S4 is as follows:
based on a fractal theory, a spherical crown surface covering method is provided to research the distribution characteristics of the points on the spherical surface, namely, the spherical crown surface covering method is adopted to cover the discrete points on the spherical surface; and calculating the fractal dimension of the single-bond direction distribution characteristics by using a box dimension method. Specifically, in this embodiment, the specific steps of calculating the single-bond direction distribution characteristics are as follows:
based on the fractal theory, for the fractal characteristics of discrete objects, the box counting method can be described as:
Mr＝C0rD (4)
where r represents the radius of the geometry used to cover the discrete object, MrRepresenting the number of discrete objects covered, C0Is constant, D is fractal dimension, if the discrete objects are in one-dimensional distribution, M isrOc to r; if two-dimensionally distributed, Mr∝r2(ii) a If three-dimensionally distributed, Mr∝r3；
Taking logarithm of two sides of the formula (4) to obtain:
log Mr＝log C0+D log r (5)
since the research object is a series of discrete points distributed on the spherical surface, it is proposed that the spherical crown surface covering method as shown in fig. 5 research the distribution characteristics of the points on the spherical surface. The spherical crown surface area is calculated as follows:
S＝2πRH (6)
in the formula, R is the radius of a sphere, and H is the height of a spherical crown; it is further simplified to obtain:
wherein α is a central angle;
get
The spherical cap surface area can be expressed as:
S＝4πL2 (8)
because the expansion and interaction of the microcracks of the coal rock mass are often symmetrical, the spherical surface is covered by adopting double starting points, as shown in fig. 4, S after covering is a function of alpha, and the calculation formula of the spherical crown covering surface is as follows:
S＝8πL2 (10)
obviously, Mr∝L2In combination with equation (5) to obtain
Wherein, C1Represents a material constant;
when the central angle alpha takes different values, the number M of the corresponding covered discrete points can be counted out;
in combination with formula (11), the slope of the plot is the fractal dimension of the discrete points on the sphere, i.e. the fractal dimension D of the single bond direction distribution, plotted with log [ sin (α/2) ] and log (m) as the abscissa and ordinate, as shown in fig. 6.
S5, acquiring coal and rock instability damage precursor information by analyzing the change rule of the fractal dimension of the single-bond direction distribution characteristics, and realizing coal and rock instability damage early warning based on the acquired coal and rock instability damage precursor information;
it should be noted that under the action of the axial load, the growth speed of the microcracks forming a small angle with the axial load is far higher than that of the microcracks forming a large angle with the axial load, and the microcracks forming a small angle with the axial load are dominant before the coal-rock mass is destabilized and damaged; at the moment, a large number of acoustic emission events also appear around the microcracks, and the spatial distance is close, so that the number of single bonds forming a small angle with the axial direction is gradually increased, the disorder in the direction of the single bonds is weakened, the disorder in the direction of the single bonds is strengthened, and the fractal dimension D distributed in the direction of the single bonds shows a relatively obvious descending trend. Therefore, by analyzing the change rule of the fractal dimension of the single-bond direction distribution characteristics, the fractal dimension D is remarkably reduced and can be used as the precursor information of coal rock instability damage, and accurate early warning of the coal rock instability damage is further realized.
Further, the method for identifying coal-rock mass instability destruction precursor information of the embodiment further includes: for the continuous acoustic emission event time sequence, the acoustic emission event sequence at a certain stage is determined by adopting a sliding event window method, and the steps from S2 to S5 are repeated, so that the accurate judgment and identification of the coal rock instability damage precursor information can be realized, and the accuracy and reliability of the coal rock instability damage early warning are further improved. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the window length is 300 acoustic emission events and the sliding step size is 100 acoustic emission events. And defining the average value of the occurrence time of all acoustic emission events in the window as the time of the window, and further calculating the stress state corresponding to each window.
In summary, according to the method for identifying the coal-rock mass instability destruction precursor information, an acoustic emission event single-key group structure is constructed based on the time-space information of the coal-rock mass acoustic emission event, deep excavation is performed on the time-space correlation characteristic of the coal-rock mass acoustic emission event by combining with a fractal theory, the coal-rock mass instability destruction precursor information is obtained, and accurate early warning of coal-rock mass instability destruction is achieved. The method for judging and identifying the coal rock instability damage precursor information has reliable results, can accurately judge and identify the coal rock instability damage precursor information, and further improves the accuracy and reliability of coal rock instability damage early warning.
Further, it should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises the element.
Finally, it should be noted that while the above describes a preferred embodiment of the invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, once the basic inventive concepts have been learned, numerous changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, which shall be deemed to be within the scope of the invention. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the embodiments of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for judging and identifying coal rock instability destruction precursor information is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the real-time acoustic emission monitoring device is arranged to perform real-time acoustic emission monitoring on the loaded coal rock mass, so that the spatial coordinates and the seismic time of the acoustic emission events corresponding to the loaded coal rock mass are obtained, and an acoustic emission event sequence is obtained;
establishing a single-key group structure of an acoustic emission event sequence;
converting the direction characteristics of each single key in the single key group structure into discrete point representation on the spherical surface of the unit sphere;
obtaining the distribution characteristics of discrete points on the spherical surface and obtaining the fractal dimension of the distribution characteristics in the single bond direction;
and acquiring coal and rock instability damage precursor information by analyzing the change rule of the fractal dimension of the single-bond direction distribution characteristics, and realizing coal and rock instability damage early warning based on the acquired coal and rock instability damage precursor information.
2. The method for identifying coal-rock mass instability destruction precursor information according to claim 1, wherein the establishing of the single-bond group architecture of the acoustic emission event sequence comprises:
respectively calculating the space-time distance between every two events of the acoustic emission event sequence;
based on the calculated space-time distance, for any event s, globally searching the nearest event; and linearly connecting the event s with the nearest event w to form a single bond; continuously searching the nearest event of the event w and connecting until all the events are searched, and establishing a plurality of single key group subsets;
and searching the nearest subset of each single key group subset, and connecting each single key group subset with the nearest subset until all the single key group subsets are searched, thereby completing the establishment of the whole single key group framework.
3. The coal-rock mass instability destruction precursor information identification method of claim 1, wherein converting the directional characteristic of each single bond in the single bond group structure into a discrete point representation on a unit sphere comprises:
calculating a unit vector of each single key in the single key group structure;
calculating the spherical coordinate of each unit vector, and converting the spherical coordinate from a rectangular coordinate system to a spherical coordinate system;
translating the starting point of each unit vector to the sphere center of the unit sphere, and converting the direction characteristic of each single bond into discrete points on the spherical surface of the unit sphere for representation.
4. The coal and rock mass instability destruction precursor information identification method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the distribution characteristics of discrete points on the spherical surface and the obtaining of the fractal dimension of the distribution characteristics in the single bond direction comprises:
based on a fractal theory, covering discrete points on the spherical surface by adopting a spherical cap surface covering method;
and calculating the fractal dimension of the single-bond direction distribution characteristics by using a box dimension method.
5. The method for identifying the coal-rock mass instability destruction precursor information as claimed in claim 4, wherein the calculating the fractal dimension of the single-bond direction distribution feature by using a box-dimension method includes:
and determining a horizontal coordinate and a vertical coordinate based on the central angle alpha and the number M of the covered discrete points to carry out drawing, wherein the slope of the horizontal coordinate and the vertical coordinate is the fractal dimension of the discrete points distributed on the spherical surface, namely the fractal dimension of the single-bond direction distribution characteristic.
6. The method for judging coal-rock mass instability destruction precursor information as claimed in claim 5, wherein the determining of the abscissa and the ordinate for plotting based on the central angle α and the number M of covered discrete points, the slope of which is the fractal dimension of the distribution of the discrete points on the spherical surface, i.e. the fractal dimension of the distribution characteristic in the direction of the single bond, comprises:
the spherical crown surface area S is calculated using the following formula:
S＝2πRH
in the formula, R is the radius of a sphere, and H is the height of a spherical crown; it is further simplified to obtain:
wherein α is a central angle;
get
The spherical crown surface area S is expressed as:
S＝4πL2
the spherical surface is covered by adopting double starting points, and the calculation formula of the spherical crown covering surface is as follows:
S＝8πL2
due to the number M of discrete objects coveredr∝L2Thus, the following results:
wherein M represents the number of covered discrete points, D represents the fractal dimension, C1Represents a material constant;
and (3) plotting log [ sin (alpha/2) ] and log (M) as horizontal and vertical coordinates, wherein the slope of the plot is the fractal dimension of the distribution of the discrete points on the spherical surface, namely the fractal dimension D of the distribution characteristic in the direction of the single bond.
7. The method for identifying the coal rock instability destruction precursor information according to claim 1, wherein the method for identifying the coal rock instability destruction precursor information further comprises:
and for the continuous acoustic emission event time sequence, determining the acoustic emission event sequence at a certain stage by adopting a sliding event window method, and calculating the fractal dimension corresponding to the current acoustic emission event sequence.
8. The coal-rock mass instability destruction precursor information identification method according to claim 7, wherein when an acoustic emission event sequence at a certain stage is determined by adopting a sliding event window method, the average value of the occurrence times of all acoustic emission events in a window is defined as the time of the window, and then the stress state corresponding to each window is calculated.
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