CN114354190B - Motor bearing random dynamic load testing device and testing method - Google Patents
Motor bearing random dynamic load testing device and testing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a motor bearing, in particular to a motor bearing random dynamic load, and specifically relates to a motor bearing random dynamic load testing device and a motor bearing random dynamic load testing method. The invention provides a novel motor bearing random dynamic load testing device, which aims to solve the problem that the motor bearing random dynamic load testing device and the motor bearing random dynamic load testing method in the prior art easily cause inaccurate motor bearing random dynamic load testing, and comprises a bearing bush, wherein four positioning holes and adjusting through holes are formed in the bearing bush, and a dynamometer fixing assembly is arranged in each positioning hole; each adjusting through hole is internally provided with a dynamometer adjusting component, each dynamometer adjusting component comprises an adjusting block, the adjusting blocks are located between the upper end face of the piezoelectric dynamometer and the upper side wall of each adjusting through hole, and one face, in contact with each adjusting through hole, of each adjusting block is an inclined face. According to the testing device, the piezoelectric dynamometer can be directly contacted with the outer ring of the motor bearing, and the pretightening force is adjustable through the inclined plane on the adjusting block, so that the testing result is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a motor bearing, in particular to a motor bearing random dynamic load, and specifically relates to a motor bearing random dynamic load testing device and a motor bearing random dynamic load testing method.
Background
In recent years, along with the development of rail traffic towards a high-speed heavy-load direction, faults of a motor bearing for providing power traction for the rail traffic frequently occur, and the motor bearing is a core component of a traction motor and plays a role in connecting a rotor of a rotating part with a stator of a fixed part. The reliability of the motor bearing determines the reliability of the traction motor. The most critical factor in determining the reliability of motor bearings in use is the actual load carried by the bearings, in addition to the design and manufacture of the bearings themselves. The load of the rail transit motor bearing in the operating environment is generally referred to as random dynamic load. How to accurately measure the actual random dynamic load of the motor bearing is always an important break for scientific research and technicians to solve the problems of failure of the motor bearing, bearing selection and bearing design.
The random dynamic load testing device for the motor bearing comprises a groove formed in an axle box and a resistance strain gauge adhered to the inner side wall of the groove, wherein during testing, a specific load is loaded on an inner ring of the motor bearing, a strain gauge testing strain value is recorded, and then a functional relation is established between the specific load loaded on the motor bearing and the strain gauge testing strain value, so that load calibration is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel motor bearing random dynamic load testing device and a testing method, which aim to solve the problem that the motor bearing random dynamic load testing device and the testing method in the prior art are easy to cause inaccurate motor bearing random dynamic load testing.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
The utility model provides a random dynamic load testing arrangement of motor bearing, including the cover is fixed in the bearing bush (this motor bearing is the motor bearing that uses when testing) outer lane of motor bearing (it is known to the person skilled in the art that the bearing bush has certain thickness in axial and radial), data acquisition system includes piezoelectric dynamometer (the person skilled in the art knows that piezoelectric dynamometer's shape is hexagon cylinder form, the bottom is the detection end, in order to install the data cable conveniently, one of them lateral wall of hexagon cylinder is equipped with its axial and the cylindric cable interface end that is perpendicular to the axial of hexagon cylinder), signal adapter, dynamometer data cable and supporting data acquisition ware, open on the one end ring terminal surface of bearing bush four strip that are used for positioning piezoelectric dynamometer's locating hole and be used for carrying out the regulation of pretightning force to piezoelectric dynamometer in the axial direction of bearing bush, the dynamometer's bottom in each locating hole all supports in motor bearing, the dynamometer's that will be equipped with the axial of bearing bush is fixed in the axial direction of the piezometer outer lane of bearing bush; each adjusting through hole is internally provided with a dynamometer adjusting component, each dynamometer adjusting component comprises a third fixing plate and a strip-shaped adjusting block which is arranged along the axial direction of the bearing bush, each adjusting block is clamped between the upper end face of the piezoelectric dynamometer and the upper side wall in each adjusting through hole, one face of each adjusting block, which is in contact with each adjusting through hole, is an inclined face, each third fixing plate is blocked at one end opening of each adjusting through hole and is fixedly connected with one end annular end face of the bearing bush, a first threaded hole and at least one fixing through hole are formed in the middle of each third fixing plate, at least one second threaded hole which is arranged along the axial direction of the bearing bush and is matched with the fixing through hole is formed in each adjusting block, each first bolt penetrates through each first threaded hole to push each adjusting block to move the corresponding adjusting block along the axial direction of the bearing bush towards the other end annular end face, which is close to the bearing bush, and each second bolt penetrates through the fixing through each fixing through hole and each second threaded hole to be used for pulling the adjusting block to move the corresponding adjusting block along the axial direction of the bearing bush towards the one end annular end face, which is close to the bearing bush.
Working principle: the piezoelectric dynamometer is fixed through a dynamometer fixing component in the positioning hole, when the pretightening force of the piezoelectric dynamometer is regulated, the axial position of the regulating block is required to be moved through inclined surface contact between the regulating through hole and the regulating block, when the regulating block is required to be pushed to move, the second bolt is unscrewed, and the first bolt is rotated to enable the first bolt to push the regulating block to move to a proper position, and then the second bolt is installed; when the adjusting block needs to be pulled to move, the first bolt is unscrewed, the second bolt passes through the through hole and the second threaded hole by adopting the screw rod principle, the adjusting block is pulled to move to a proper position by rotating the second bolt, and then the first bolt is installed, so that the piezoelectric dynamometer can be in direct contact with the outer ring of the motor bearing and can adjust the pretightening force at any time according to the situation through the dynamometer adjusting component, and the accuracy of the test is improved.
Further, the locating hole is square blind hole, the lateral wall opposite to the lateral wall where the cable interface end of the piezoelectric dynamometer is located of the piezoelectric dynamometer is abutted to the bottom of the locating hole, each dynamometer fixing component comprises two right-angle trapezoid locating blocks, a first fixing plate and a second fixing plate, inclined planes of the two locating blocks are respectively attached to two lateral walls adjacent to the lateral wall where the cable interface end of the piezoelectric dynamometer is located of the piezoelectric dynamometer, the lower bottom surfaces of the two locating blocks are respectively attached to two opposite lateral walls of the locating hole, right-angle faces of the two locating blocks are all aligned with one annular end face of the bearing bush, and the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate are respectively fixed with the two locating blocks and are all fixed with one annular end face of the bearing bush, so that the piezoelectric dynamometer is clamped and located by the two locating blocks and the bottom of the locating hole. The structure utilizes the hexagonal column-shaped structure of the piezoelectric dynamometer and the positioning block adopting the right-angle trapezoid shape to smartly fix the piezoelectric dynamometer, and the design is novel and unique.
A motor bearing random dynamic load test method sequentially comprises the following steps: 1) Starting a data acquisition system, setting a data acquisition mode option of a data acquisition device to be a direct current coupling mode, setting a sensitivity option of the data acquisition device to be a sensitivity value of a force sensor, setting a sensor power supply mode option of the data acquisition device to be an external power supply mode, setting a data acquisition mode option of a signal adaptation instrument to be a direct current coupling mode, setting a zero position option of the signal adaptation instrument to be automatic zero setting, and utilizing a dynamometer adjusting component to adjust pretightening force of the piezoelectric dynamometer to be displayed by loading the pretightening force of the four piezoelectric dynamometers; 2) The method comprises the steps of loading fixed load step by step on an inner ring of a motor bearing, recording the actual load of a data acquisition unit corresponding to each piezoelectric dynamometer, then enabling the loaded fixed load to correspond to the actual load of the data acquisition unit one by one, and forming a calibration load curve through polynomial curve fitting (the polynomial curve fitting is an algorithm known to a person skilled in the art) to finish the calibration of dynamic load; 3) Setting a data acquisition mode option of a data acquisition device as an alternating current coupling mode, setting a data acquisition mode option of a signal adaptation instrument as an alternating current coupling mode, loading random dynamic load on an inner ring of a motor bearing, recording real-time load of the data acquisition device, and converting the acquired real-time load into actual random dynamic load of the motor bearing through a calibration load curve after acquisition is completed. The direct current coupling mode and the alternating current coupling mode of the data acquisition system are skillfully combined with the fixed load calibration and the dynamic load acquisition, and the problem that the random dynamic load of the bearing is difficult to measure is well solved.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: 1) The piezoelectric type dynamometer is adopted, so that the problem that the measurement result is inaccurate due to the fact that the test result is limited by the sticking position and the quality of the strain gauge in the strain gauge test process is effectively solved;
2) According to the invention, the direct current coupling is adopted to carry out load calibration, the alternating current coupling is adopted to carry out random dynamic load data acquisition, so that the problems of load calibration and random dynamic load data acquisition of the piezoelectric dynamometer are effectively solved;
3) The invention can collect the load of the bearing in the random dynamic load environment in real time and provide data support for bearing selection design, bearing design, failure analysis and the like;
4) According to the testing device, the piezoelectric type dynamometer can be directly contacted with the outer ring of the motor bearing, the pretightening force is adjustable, and meanwhile, due to the fact that the pretightening force of the piezoelectric type dynamometer is adjustable, the situation that data cannot be detected due to the fact that a resistance strain gauge is adopted for testing in the prior art, due to the fact that the load is small, and meanwhile, the situation that testing is inaccurate due to the fact that the environment factors and the human factors are interfered is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the installation of a motor bearing and bearing cartridge of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at A;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is an assembly schematic diagram of the piezoelectric dynamometer and the positioning block (the view angle is the top view of fig. 3).
In the figure: the device comprises a motor bearing, a 2-bearing bushing, a 3-piezoelectric dynamometer, a 4-positioning hole, a 5-adjusting through hole, a 6-third fixing plate, a 7-adjusting block, an 8-fixing through hole, a 9-first threaded hole, a 10-second threaded hole, a 11-second bolt, a 12-positioning block, a 13-first fixing plate, a 14-second fixing plate, a 15-fourth bolt, a 16-dynamometer data cable, a 17-data collector, a 18-cable interface end and a 19-signal adaption adjuster.
Detailed Description
The random dynamic load testing device for the motor bearing comprises a bearing bush 2 (which is known by a person skilled in the art to have a certain thickness in the axial direction and the radial direction) sleeved and fixed on the outer ring of the motor bearing 1 (which is the motor bearing used in the test), a data acquisition system, and a piezoelectric dynamometer 3 (which is known by the person skilled in the art, the piezoelectric dynamometer 3 is in a hexagonal cylinder shape, the bottom is a detection end, one side wall of the hexagonal cylinder is provided with a cylindrical cable interface end 18, the axial direction of which is perpendicular to the axial direction of the hexagonal cylinder, a signal adapter 19, a dynamometer data cable 16 and a matched data acquisition device 17, one end annular end surface of the bearing bush 2 is provided with four strip-shaped positioning holes 4 which are arranged along the axial direction of the bearing bush 2 and uniformly distributed on the circumferential direction of the bearing bush 2 and are communicated with the bearing outer ring, the bottom of each positioning hole 4 is provided with a pre-tightening force adjusting through hole 5 for positioning the piezoelectric dynamometer 3, and the motor 3 in each positioning hole 4 is provided with a cylindrical cable interface end 18, and the axial direction of the bearing bush 2 is positioned in each positioning hole 4; each of the adjusting through holes 5 is internally provided with a dynamometer adjusting component, each dynamometer adjusting component comprises a third fixing plate 6 and a strip-shaped adjusting block 7 which is arranged along the axial direction of the bearing bush 2, the adjusting block 7 is clamped between the upper end face of the piezoelectric dynamometer 3 and the upper side wall of the adjusting through hole 5, one face of the adjusting block 7, which is in contact with the adjusting through hole 5, is an inclined face, the third fixing plate 6 is blocked at one end opening of the adjusting through hole 5, two end portions of the third fixing plate are fixedly connected with the end face of the annular ring of the bearing bush 2, a first threaded hole 9 and at least one fixing through hole are formed in the middle portion of the third fixing plate 6, at least one second threaded hole 10 which is arranged along the axial direction of the bearing bush 2 and is matched with the fixing through hole is formed in the adjusting block 7, the first threaded hole 9 is used for pushing the adjusting block 7to move along the axial direction of the bearing bush 2 towards the end face of the annular ring of the other end, which is close to the bearing bush 2, and the second threaded hole 11 is used for pulling the adjusting block 7to move along the axial direction of the adjusting block 7 towards the end face of the bearing bush 2, which is close to the annular ring of the bearing bush 2.
Working principle: the piezoelectric dynamometer 3 is fixed through a dynamometer fixing component in the positioning hole 4, when the pretightening force of the piezoelectric dynamometer 3 is regulated, the axial position of the regulating block 7 needs to be moved through the inclined surface contact between the regulating through hole 5 and the regulating block 7, when the regulating block 7 needs to be pushed to move, the second bolt 11 is unscrewed, and the first bolt is rotated to enable the first bolt to push the regulating block 7 to move to a proper position, and then the second bolt 11 is installed; when the adjusting block 7 needs to be pulled to move, the first bolt is unscrewed, the second bolt 11 passes through the through hole and the second threaded hole 10 by adopting the screw rod principle, the adjusting block 7 is pulled to move to a proper position by rotating the second bolt 11, and then the first bolt is installed, and due to the structural design, the piezoelectric dynamometer 3 can be in direct contact with the outer ring of the motor bearing 1 and can adjust the pretightening force at any time according to the situation through the dynamometer adjusting component, so that the accuracy of the test is improved.
In specific implementation, the positioning hole 4 is a square blind hole, the side wall of the piezoelectric dynamometer 3 opposite to the side wall of the cable interface end 18 of the piezoelectric dynamometer 3 is abutted to the bottom of the positioning hole 4, each dynamometer fixing component comprises two right-angle trapezoid-shaped positioning blocks 12, a first fixing plate 13 and a second fixing plate 14, inclined planes of the two positioning blocks 12 are respectively attached to two side walls of the piezoelectric dynamometer 3 adjacent to the side wall of the cable interface end 18 of the piezoelectric dynamometer 3, lower bottom surfaces of the two positioning blocks 12 are respectively attached to two opposite side walls of the positioning hole 4, right-angle surfaces of the two positioning blocks 12 are aligned with one annular end face of the bearing bush 2, and the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate are respectively fixed with the two positioning blocks 12 and are respectively fixed with one annular end face of the bearing bush 2, so that the piezoelectric dynamometer 3 is clamped and positioned by the bottoms of the two positioning blocks 12 and the positioning hole 4. The structure uses the hexagonal column-shaped structure of the piezoelectric dynamometer 3 and adopts the right-angle trapezoid-shaped positioning block 12 to smartly fix the piezoelectric dynamometer 3, and the design is novel and unique.
In specific implementation, the bottom of the piezoelectric dynamometer 3 is located at the axial center of the outer ring of the motor bearing 1, so that the test structure is relatively more accurate. The inclined plane that regulating block 7 and adjusting through-hole 5 contact is sharp angle with the axial of bearing bush 2 and the inclined plane on regulating block 7 and the adjusting through-hole 5 all is through polishing, and such structure is convenient carries out the regulation of pretightning force. The second threaded hole 10 on the adjusting block 7 is a threaded through hole, so that the moving range of the adjusting block 7 in the adjusting through hole 5 is larger, the adjustment of the pretightening force of the piezoelectric dynamometer 3 is facilitated, and the testing structure is more accurate. The number of the fixing through holes is two, and the fixing through holes are symmetrically distributed on the left side and the right side of the first threaded hole 9 respectively, so that the stability of the adjusting structure is facilitated.
In this embodiment, both end portions of the third fixing plate 6 are fixedly connected to the annular end face of one end of the bearing bush 2 by third bolts. The first fixing plate 13 and the second fixing plate 14 are respectively and fixedly connected with the two positioning blocks 12 through fourth bolts 15. The first fixing plate 13 and the second fixing plate 14 are respectively fixedly connected with the two sides of the positioning hole 4 of the annular end face of one end of the bearing bush 2 through fifth bolts. The structure is concrete and standardized, and meanwhile, the test device is convenient to mount and dismount.
The method for testing the random dynamic load of the motor bearing by using the device sequentially comprises the following steps: 1) Starting a data acquisition system, setting a data acquisition Mode option (Coupling Mode) of the data acquisition device 17 as a direct current Coupling Mode (DC), setting a Sensitivity option (Sensitivity) of the data acquisition device 17 as a Sensitivity value of a force sensor, setting a sensor power supply Mode option (External) of the data acquisition device 17 as an External power supply Mode, setting a data acquisition Mode option (ACDC) of the signal adaptation meter 19 as a direct current Coupling Mode (DC), setting a ZERO position option (ZERO) of the signal adaptation meter 19 as an automatic ZERO adjustment Mode (AUTOZERO), and utilizing a dynamometer adjusting component to adjust the pretightening force of the piezoelectric dynamometer 3 to the display of the data acquisition device 17, so as to finish loading the pretightening force of the four piezoelectric dynamometers 3; 2) The method comprises the steps of loading fixed loads on an inner ring of a motor bearing 1 step by step, recording actual loads of data collectors 17 corresponding to each piezoelectric dynamometer 3, then enabling the loaded fixed loads to correspond to the actual loads of the data collectors 17 one by one, and forming a calibration load curve through polynomial curve fitting to finish calibration of dynamic loads; 3) The data acquisition Mode option (Coupling Mode) of the data acquisition unit 17 is set to be an alternating current Coupling Mode (AC), the data acquisition Mode option (ACDC) of the signal adaptation and adjustment instrument 19 is set to be an alternating current Coupling Mode (AC), random dynamic loads are loaded on the inner ring of the motor bearing 1, real-time loads of the data acquisition unit 17 are recorded, and the acquired real-time data are converted into actual random dynamic loads of the motor bearing 1 through a calibration load curve after acquisition is completed.
Claims (9)
1. The random dynamic load testing device for the motor bearing is characterized by comprising a bearing bush (2) sleeved and fixed on the outer ring of the motor bearing (1), and a data acquisition system, wherein the data acquisition system comprises piezoelectric dynamometers (3) with hexagonal cylinder shapes, signal adaptation and adjustment instruments (19), dynamometer data cables (16) and matched data acquisition instruments (17), four positioning holes (4) which are arranged along the axial direction of the bearing bush (2) and uniformly distributed on the circumferential direction of the bearing bush (2) and are used for positioning the piezoelectric dynamometers (3) and adjusting through holes (5) used for carrying out pretightening force adjustment on the piezoelectric dynamometers (3), the bottom of each positioning hole (4) is abutted to the outer ring of the motor bearing (1), and four dynamometer fixing assemblies which are used for positioning the piezoelectric dynamometers (3) in the axial direction of the bearing bush (2) are arranged in each positioning hole (4); each adjusting through hole (5) is internally provided with a dynamometer adjusting component, each dynamometer adjusting component comprises a third fixing plate (6) and a strip-shaped adjusting block (7) which is arranged along the axial direction of the bearing bush (2), each adjusting block (7) is clamped between the upper end face of the corresponding piezoelectric dynamometer (3) and the upper side wall in the corresponding adjusting through hole (5), one face of each adjusting block (7) contacted with the corresponding adjusting through hole (5) is an inclined face, the third fixing plate (6) is blocked at one end opening of the corresponding adjusting through hole (5) and two end parts of each adjusting block are fixedly connected with the end face of a circular ring of the corresponding bearing bush (2), the middle part of each third fixing plate (6) is provided with a first threaded hole (9) and at least one fixing through hole, at least one second threaded hole (10) which is arranged along the axial direction of the corresponding bearing bush (2) and is matched with the fixing through hole is formed in the adjusting block, the first threaded hole (9) is used for pushing the adjusting block (7) to move the adjusting block (7) along the axial direction of the corresponding bearing bush (2) towards the other end face of the corresponding bearing bush (2) and the second threaded hole (11) is used for pulling the adjusting block (7) towards the other end face of the corresponding bearing bush (2) along the axial direction of the corresponding adjusting bush (2), the side wall opposite to the side wall where the cable interface end (18) of the piezoelectric dynamometer (3) is located of the piezoelectric dynamometer (3) is abutted to the bottom of the positioning hole (4), each dynamometer fixing component comprises two right-angle trapezoid-shaped positioning blocks (12), a first fixing plate (13) and a second fixing plate (14), inclined planes of the two positioning blocks (12) are respectively attached to two side walls of the piezoelectric dynamometer (3) adjacent to the side wall where the cable interface end (18) of the piezoelectric dynamometer (3) is located, lower bottom surfaces of the two positioning blocks (12) are respectively attached to two opposite side walls of the positioning hole (4), right-angle surfaces of the two positioning blocks (12) are respectively aligned with one annular end face of the bearing bush (2), and the first fixing plate (13) and the second fixing plate (14) are respectively fixed with the two positioning blocks (12) and are respectively fixed with one annular end face of the bearing bush (2), so that the piezoelectric dynamometer (3) is clamped and positioned by the bottoms of the two positioning blocks (12) and the positioning hole (4).
2. A motor bearing random dynamic load testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the piezoelectric dynamometer (3) is located at the axial center of the outer ring of the motor bearing (1).
3. The motor bearing random dynamic load testing device according to claim 2, wherein the inclined surfaces of the adjusting block (7) and the adjusting through hole (5) are in an acute angle with the axial direction of the bearing bush (2), and the inclined surfaces of the adjusting block (7) and the adjusting through hole (5) are polished.
4. A motor bearing random dynamic load testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that the second threaded hole (10) in the adjusting block (7) is a threaded through hole.
5. The motor bearing random dynamic load testing device according to claim 4, wherein the number of the fixing through holes is two, and the fixing through holes are symmetrically distributed on the left side and the right side of the first threaded hole (9).
6. The motor bearing random dynamic load testing device according to claim 5, wherein two end parts on the third fixing plate (6) are fixedly connected with one end annular end face of the bearing bush (2) through third bolts.
7. The motor bearing random dynamic load testing device according to claim 6, wherein the first fixing plate (13) and the second fixing plate (14) are fixedly connected with the two positioning blocks (12) through fourth bolts (15) respectively.
8. The motor bearing random dynamic load testing device according to claim 7, wherein the first fixing plate (13) and the second fixing plate (14) are fixedly connected with the two sides of the positioning hole (4) of the annular end face of one end of the bearing bush (2) through fifth bolts respectively.
9. A motor bearing random dynamic load testing method using a motor bearing random dynamic load testing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of, in order: 1) Starting a data acquisition system, setting a data acquisition mode option of a data acquisition device (17) to be a direct current coupling mode, setting a sensitivity option of the data acquisition device (17) to be a sensitivity value of a force sensor, setting a sensor power supply mode option of the data acquisition device (17) to be an external power supply mode, setting a data acquisition mode option of a signal adaptation instrument (19) to be a direct current coupling mode, setting a zero position option of the signal adaptation instrument (19) to be automatically zeroed, and utilizing a dynamometer adjusting component to adjust pretightening force of a piezoelectric dynamometer (3) to be displayed by a load of the data acquisition device (17), so that loading of pretightening force of the four piezoelectric dynamometers (3) is completed; 2) The method comprises the steps of loading fixed load step by step on an inner ring of a motor bearing (1) and recording actual load of a data acquisition unit (17) corresponding to each piezoelectric dynamometer (3), then enabling the loaded fixed load to correspond to the actual load of the data acquisition unit (17) one by one, and forming a calibration load curve through polynomial curve fitting to finish calibration of dynamic load; 3) Setting a data acquisition mode option of a data acquisition unit (17) as an alternating current coupling mode, setting a data acquisition mode option of a signal adaptation and adjustment instrument (19) as an alternating current coupling mode, loading random dynamic load on an inner ring of a motor bearing (1), recording real-time load of the data acquisition unit (17), and converting acquired real-time data into actual random dynamic load of the motor bearing (1) through a calibration load curve after acquisition is completed.
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