CN114352666B - Local resonance nonlinear metamaterial device with synergistic effect of forbidden band and particle damping - Google Patents
Local resonance nonlinear metamaterial device with synergistic effect of forbidden band and particle damping Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a local resonance nonlinear metamaterial device with a forbidden band and particle damping synergistic effect, which comprises a local resonance unit and rigid dispersion particles; the local resonance unit consists of a matrix beam, a vertical rod piece and a mass block; a plurality of slotted holes are dug on the side surface of the matrix beam at equal intervals; the matrix beam above each slot hole is connected with the mass block through the vertical rod piece, a groove is arranged in the mass block, the grooves and the slots are both internally provided with spaces of rigid discrete particles, each slot hole is sealed through glass cement, and the vibration isolation and noise reduction frequency interval in the metamaterial is improved by utilizing the particle damping effect formed among the rigid discrete particles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering vibration isolation and noise reduction, and particularly relates to a local resonance nonlinear metamaterial device with a synergistic effect of forbidden bands and particle damping.
Background
In recent years, phonon crystals have been widely focused by researchers due to their great potential application value in the field of structural vibration isolation and noise reduction, and band gap characteristic research has become one of the leading edge fundamental problems in the field of engineering vibration control. Phonon crystals are periodic composite materials or structures composed of two or more media with elastic band gap characteristics. Elastic waves in certain frequency ranges cannot propagate therein, and the corresponding frequency ranges are called band gaps, which can also be called forbidden bands, and in the frequency ranges of the band gaps or the forbidden bands, vibration and fluctuation cannot propagate. Other frequency ranges are known as pass bands, in which vibrations and fluctuations can propagate. The formation mechanism of the band gap is two, namely a Bragg scattering mechanism and a local resonance mechanism, and the corresponding band gaps are called Bragg band gaps and local resonance band gaps.
Since the Bragg band gap is limited by the Bragg condition, the Bragg band gap occurs only when the crystal lattice size of the phonon crystal is equal to the half wavelength of the elastic wave, and thus the vibration isolation and noise reduction effects at low frequencies are limited. The method is mainly used for researching a local resonance band gap mechanism aiming at the low-frequency vibration isolation and noise reduction field, can be applied to the vibration isolation and noise reduction fields of mechanical engineering, civil engineering, aerospace and the like, and has good engineering significance and practical benefit.
In 2000, liu et al first discovered and prepared local resonance phonon crystals, and because the local resonance metamaterial adopts a special structural unit design, the local resonance metamaterial has some extraordinary physical properties such as negative refraction, negative mass density and the like in a conventional medium. In addition, the low-frequency band has a vibration and fluctuation forbidden band, and the vibration and the fluctuation are transmitted in the forbidden band frequency range, so that a new direction is provided for the vibration isolation and noise reduction research of the low-frequency band.
In the low frequency band, vibration isolation and noise reduction effects can be realized to a certain extent by means of a local resonance mechanism, but engineering requirements of high precision and high requirements still cannot be met. And vibration in a higher frequency band can generate larger disturbance on high-precision electronic instruments and the like, and the data acquisition quality and the instrument service life can be influenced to a certain extent. In order to meet the requirements of better vibration isolation and noise reduction, the conventional vibration isolation devices are flexible connections for absorbing vibration, and the connection mode cannot meet the vibration isolation problem under the condition of higher supporting strength. In the vibration isolation and noise reduction fields of mechanical engineering, civil engineering, aerospace and the like, the vibration isolation effect of various frequency bands is required to be kept relatively good, and the requirement cannot be completely met only by means of the local resonance principle in the metamaterial.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a local resonance nonlinear metamaterial device with the synergistic effect of forbidden bands and particle damping, which can improve the problem of vibration isolation and noise reduction of local resonance in a metamaterial by means of the particle damping effect.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
a local resonance nonlinear metamaterial device with a forbidden band and particle damping synergistic effect comprises a local resonance unit and rigid dispersion particles; the local resonance unit consists of a matrix beam, a vertical rod piece and a mass block; a plurality of slotted holes are dug on the side surface of the matrix beam at equal intervals; the matrix beam above each slot hole is connected with the mass block through the vertical rod piece, a groove is arranged in the mass block, the grooves and the slots are both internally provided with spaces of rigid discrete particles, each slot hole is sealed through glass cement, and the vibration isolation and noise reduction frequency interval in the metamaterial is improved by utilizing the particle damping effect formed among the rigid discrete particles.
Further, by using the matrix beam and the local resonance unit, a dynamic model of local resonance is established so as to realize band gap characteristics of vibration and fluctuation and suppress bending vibration in a band gap frequency range.
Further, the diameter of the spherical rigid dispersion particles is 1mm, the material is 304 stainless steel, and the rigid dispersion particles filled in the slotted holes and the grooves occupy 1/2-3/4 of the space.
Further, the rounding treatment is carried out between the vertical rod piece and the matrix beam and between the vertical rod piece and the mass block, and the rounding radius is 0.5mm.
Further, the 3D printing technology is utilized to print the local resonance nonlinear metamaterial device.
Furthermore, on the basis of the one-dimensional local resonance units, the construction of the two-dimensional or three-dimensional local resonance nonlinear metamaterial device is realized through mutual superposition or splicing of the local resonance units.
The invention also provides a local resonance nonlinear metamaterial experiment method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Giving excitation to one end of the matrix beam, respectively carrying out signal acquisition on the head end and the tail end of the matrix beam by using sensors, and carrying out experiments at intervals of 50Hz in a frequency interval of 800Hz-2000 Hz;
(2) Firstly, under the condition that no rigid dispersion particle damping is arranged, measuring an acceleration signal a1 detected at the head end, namely an excitation signal, and an acceleration signal a2 detected at the tail end, namely a receiving signal, at each frequency;
(3) Filling spherical rigid dispersion particles in each slot hole and each groove to play a role of particle damping, repeating the above operation steps, measuring acceleration signal a3 detected at the tail end under each frequency, namely a receiving signal, analyzing and processing data obtained by experiments, and comparing acceleration change conditions after filling the rigid dispersion particles to obtain experimental results
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The spherical rigid dispersion particles in the grooves and the slotted holes of the device form a particle damping effect, and the vibration and fluctuation energy is consumed by virtue of collision among the particles in the transmission process of the vibration and the fluctuation.
(2) In the original frequency interval range of vibration and fluctuation forbidden bands generated by the local resonance principle, the energy consumption generated by the particle damping effect is increased in the transmission process, so that the vibration isolation effect brought by the particle damping effect is increased on the basis of vibration isolation in the forbidden band interval generated by the local resonance principle, and the vibration isolation and noise reduction effect in the frequency band is further enhanced.
(3) In the passband frequency range outside the original vibration and fluctuation forbidden bands, the particle damping effect can also attenuate energy in the transmission process of the vibration and fluctuation, so that the defect of the forbidden band mechanism is overcome, the vibration isolation and noise reduction effects are realized, and the vibration isolation and noise reduction device can be used for nonlinear vibration isolation and noise reduction of a plurality of frequency intervals.
(4) The model is arranged in one dimension in a single direction, is limited by site factors, can only design nine units to simulate vibration isolation effect in an infinite range, and can be added with different weights at the upper part, thereby being easy for structural design. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional model construction and experimental data detection are based on a one-dimensional model, and also can play a role in good vibration isolation and noise reduction by means of the combined action of the local resonance principle and the particle damping effect, and are not described in the experiment.
(5) The model of the invention is integrally formed by a mechanical structure, and compared with an electronic vibration isolation device, the electromagnetic signal interference problem is effectively avoided. The device has simple structure, mainly adopts standard components, is easy to purchase and assemble, and has obviously lower cost than the electric control device.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a spatial representation of the actual configuration of a local resonance nonlinear metamaterial device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2, 3 and 4 are schematic views of a part of the enlarged structure of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 and 6 are schematic views of a part of the enlarged structure of fig. 1.
FIGS. 7a, 7b, and 7c are graphs of experimental data for emission end excitation signal, no rigid spherical dispersion particle reception signal, and rigid spherical dispersion particle reception signal at 1603Hz, respectively.
FIGS. 8a, 8b, 8c are graphs of experimental data for the emission end excitation signal, the reception signal without the rigid spherical dispersion particles placed, and the reception signal with the rigid spherical dispersion particles placed at 1448Hz, respectively.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless expressly stated otherwise, as understood by those skilled in the art. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Further, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or coupled. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The spherical rigid discrete particles are filled in the grooves of the groove holes of the matrix beam and the grooves of the hollow groove local oscillator mass block to form the local resonance metamaterial with the particle damping effect, so that further damping can be provided for vibration and fluctuation under the existing local resonance forbidden band frequency, and vibration and fluctuation in the local resonance passband frequency range can be effectively restrained. The embodiment provides a device for solving the vibration isolation and noise reduction problems of a frequency passband section in a local resonance metamaterial by means of a particle damping effect, so that effective vibration and fluctuation suppression and attenuation can be realized in a plurality of frequency sections.
The device combines the local resonance metamaterial and the particle damping effect formed by spherical rigid dispersion particles in the holes, and energy offset occurs in the energy transmission process by virtue of collision among the particles in the vibration and fluctuation transmission process so as to weaken the influence caused by unobvious vibration isolation and noise reduction effects of a local resonance mechanism. Firstly, in the original frequency interval of vibration and fluctuation forbidden bands generated by the local resonance principle, the particle damping effect further enhances the vibration isolation and noise reduction effects in the frequency interval; secondly, in the passband frequency interval outside the vibration and fluctuation forbidden bands in the original local resonance metamaterial, the particle damping effect also plays a role in vibration isolation and noise reduction in the process, so that the defect of a forbidden band mechanism is overcome, the vibration isolation and noise reduction effect is realized, and the particle damping effect can be used for nonlinear vibration isolation and noise reduction of a plurality of frequency intervals.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the solution adopted by the device for solving the vibration isolation and noise reduction problem of the frequency passband section in the local resonance metamaterial by means of the particle damping effect in the embodiment of the invention is as follows: when vibration and fluctuation excitation with different frequencies is given to the excitation end through the resonator, the vibration and the fluctuation can stay in the integral structure in certain frequency intervals and cannot propagate, so that the characteristic of a local resonance forbidden band is formed. Therefore, when the receiving end of the matrix beam 1 receives signals, the vibration and fluctuation receiving signals in certain frequency intervals are obviously weakened, and the effect of restraining vibration and fluctuation transmission is achieved. Simultaneously, the slot holes 4 are formed by hollowing out the substrate beam at intervals of the same distance, spherical rigid discrete particles 6 are filled in the slot holes 4 to form a particle damping effect, vibration and fluctuation energy applied by the excitation end is consumed in the transmission process by virtue of collision among the rigid discrete particles 6, and the effect of suppressing vibration and fluctuation transmission is further enhanced in the range of a local resonance forbidden band. Simultaneously, a mass block 3 is connected to the base body beam 1 above each slot hole 4 through a vertical rod 2, a groove 5 is dug on the mass block 3, and rigid discrete particles 6 are filled in the groove; in the passband frequency interval of local resonance, the particle damping effect can play a role in inhibiting vibration to a certain extent, namely, the frequency interval of the whole system for inhibiting vibration and wave propagation is widened, and the effect of inhibiting vibration and wave is more excellent.
In the embodiment, the matrix beam 1, the vertical rod piece 2 and the hollow groove mass block 3 are connected into a whole, and the entity is printed out through a 3D printer, and the material is photosensitive resin. Spherical rigid dispersion particles having a diameter of 1mm were filled in the slot holes 4 and the grooves 5 to form particle damping. And the spherical rigid dispersion particles are overlapped in a staggered way to form the local resonance metamaterial with the particle damping effect. After filling the spherical rigid dispersion particles, the outside of the slotted hole 4 is sealed by glass cement, and the opening above the groove 5 can be sealed or unsealed.
Figures 3 and 4 show in particular the arrangement of the spherical rigid dispersion particles in the holes: random, disordered, void and not filling the whole hollow slot 4 and groove 5, reserving space for collisions between discrete particles.
The spherical rigid dispersion particles are bearing steel balls, and 304 stainless steel bearing steel balls are adopted in the configuration.
The working principle of the device for solving the vibration isolation and noise reduction problems of the frequency passband section in the local resonance metamaterial by means of the particle damping effect in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
based on the theory of local resonance metamaterial, when excited by different frequencies, the excited vibration can present the forbidden band and passband effects of vibration and fluctuation: the local resonance metamaterial composed of the matrix beam, the vertical rod piece and the hollow groove mass block has the advantages that in certain frequency bands, a vibration and fluctuation forbidden band can occur, so that vibration and fluctuation signals received by the tail end of the matrix beam are obviously weakened, and vibration and fluctuation propagation is effectively restrained; in other frequency intervals, a frequency passband of vibration and fluctuation exists, so that stronger vibration and fluctuation signals can still be received at the tail end of the matrix beam, namely the vibration and fluctuation cannot be effectively restrained.
The device combines the local resonance mechanism with the particle damping effect, so that the vibration and fluctuation in the forbidden band frequency interval are further suppressed compared with a model without the particle damping effect, and the vibration and fluctuation signals received by the tail end of the matrix beam are further weakened. In the original passband frequency interval, compared with a model without a particle damping effect, vibration and fluctuation are effectively suppressed, and vibration and fluctuation signals received at the tail end of the matrix beam are weakened, namely the effect of suppressing vibration and fluctuation transmission can be achieved. The spherical rigid dispersion particles filled in the holes can eliminate partial vibration and fluctuation energy through collision among the particles on the premise of incompletely filling the holes, so that the band gap performance of the vibration and fluctuation of the metamaterial is adjusted, and a new idea is provided for composite metamaterials in various vibration isolation modes.
In the experimental verification process, excitation is given to one end of the matrix beam, signal acquisition is respectively carried out on the head end and the tail end of the matrix beam by using sensors, experiments are carried out every 50Hz in a frequency interval of 800Hz-2000Hz, firstly, experiments are carried out under the condition that no particle damping is arranged, and an acceleration signal a1 (namely an excitation signal) detected by the head end and an acceleration signal a2 (namely a receiving signal) detected by the tail end are measured under each frequency. And then filling spherical rigid discrete particles in each slot hole and each groove to play a role of particle damping, repeating the operation steps, measuring acceleration signals a3 (namely receiving signals) detected at the tail end under each frequency, analyzing and processing data, and comparing acceleration change conditions after the particles are filled with damping, so that the conclusion of the invention can be obtained.
From the comparison of fig. 7a, 7b and 7c, it is possible to: at 1603Hz, the attenuation between the acceleration a1 and the acceleration a2 is obvious, namely, a forbidden band is formed by a local resonance model consisting of a matrix beam and a vertical rod piece, and signal transmission is prevented; while the acceleration a2 and a3 are significantly attenuated, it is known that the particle damping effect can be further significantly attenuated at the forbidden band frequency.
From the comparison of fig. 8a, 8b and 8c, it is possible to: at 1448Hz, the attenuation between the acceleration a1 and the acceleration a2 is smaller, namely, a passband is formed by a local resonance model consisting of a matrix beam and a vertical rod piece, and signal transmission is not prevented; while a certain attenuation occurs between the accelerations a2 and a3, it is known that a certain attenuation can occur at the passband frequency due to the particle damping effect.
Since the experimental setup was only provided with 9 local resonance units, it can be expected that: when the local resonance units are sufficient, i.e. more rigid spherical particles participate in the collision to consume energy, the particle damping effect will be more obvious.
According to laboratory results: the model can effectively attenuate the acceleration signal detected by the receiving end under the specific frequency due to the particle damping effect, namely, the effect of suppressing vibration and wave transmission is realized.
In summary, compared with the traditional vibration isolation and noise reduction device manufactured by the single local resonance principle, the device provided by the embodiment of the invention builds the metamaterial device with the combined action of the particle damping effect and the local resonance principle, and on the basis of the original local resonance model, spherical rigid dispersion particles are added to form the particle damping metamaterial effect, and the energy in the transmission process is consumed by virtue of collision among the spherical rigid dispersion particles, so that the vibration and fluctuation at a signal receiving end are obviously weakened. The device can be used for the situation that vibration and fluctuation of specific frequency are required to be restrained, and the nonlinear vibration isolation noise reduction device which has more obvious effect, has no electromagnetic interference and can restrain vibration and fluctuation propagation of multiple frequency bands is provided for the practical engineering application field.
The device of the embodiment is configured to be placed in one dimension in a single direction, is limited by site factors, only nine units are designed to simulate vibration isolation effect in an infinite range, and different counterweights can be added at the upper part, so that the device is easy to structure design. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional device model construction and experimental data detection are based on the one-dimensional device model, and also can play a role in good vibration isolation and noise reduction by means of the combined action of the local resonance principle and the particle damping effect, and the experimental data detection will not be described in the experiment.
The model of the invention is integrally formed by a mechanical structure, and compared with an electronic vibration isolation device, the electromagnetic signal interference problem is effectively avoided. The device has simple structure, mainly adopts standard components, is easy to purchase and assemble, and has obviously lower cost than the electric control device.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the drawing is a schematic diagram of one embodiment and the modules or flows in the drawing are not necessarily required to practice the invention.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments. In particular, for apparatus or system embodiments, since they are substantially similar to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, with reference to the description of method embodiments in part. The apparatus and system embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the elements illustrated as separate elements may or may not be physically separate, and the elements shown as elements may or may not be physical elements, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network elements. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand and implement the present invention without undue burden.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the components in the apparatus of the embodiments may be distributed in the apparatus of the embodiments according to the description of the embodiments, or may be located in one or more apparatuses different from the present embodiments with corresponding changes. The components of the above embodiments may be combined into one component or may be further split into a plurality of sub-components.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The local resonance nonlinear metamaterial device with the synergistic effect of forbidden band and particle damping is characterized by comprising a local resonance unit and rigid dispersion particles; the local resonance unit consists of a matrix beam, a vertical rod piece and a mass block; a plurality of slotted holes are dug on the side surface of the matrix beam at equal intervals; the matrix beam above each slot hole is connected with the mass block through the vertical rod piece, a groove is arranged in the mass block, rigid discrete particles are placed in the groove and the slot hole, each slot hole is sealed through glass cement, and a particle damping effect formed among the rigid discrete particles is utilized to improve a frequency interval of vibration isolation and noise reduction in the metamaterial device.
2. The localized resonance nonlinear metamaterial device with synergistic effect of forbidden band and particle damping according to claim 1, wherein a dynamic model of localized resonance is built by using a localized resonance unit, so that band gap characteristics of vibration and fluctuation are realized, and bending vibration in a band gap frequency range is suppressed.
3. The localized resonance nonlinear metamaterial device with the synergistic effect of forbidden bands and particle damping according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the rigid dispersion particles is 1mm, the material is 304 stainless steel, and the rigid dispersion particles filled in the slotted holes and the grooves occupy 1/2-3/4 of the space.
4. The localized resonance nonlinear metamaterial device with synergistic forbidden bands and particle damping according to claim 1, wherein the rounding process is performed between the vertical bars and the base beam and between the vertical bars and the mass, and the rounding radius is 0.5mm.
5. The localized resonating nonlinear metamaterial device with synergistic forbidden bands and particle damping as defined in claim 1, wherein the localized resonating nonlinear metamaterial device is printed using 3D printing technology.
6. The local resonance nonlinear metamaterial device with the synergistic effect of forbidden bands and particle damping according to claim 1, wherein the construction of the two-dimensional or three-dimensional local resonance nonlinear metamaterial device is realized by mutually overlapping or splicing the local resonance units on the basis of the one-dimensional local resonance units.
7. A method for testing a local resonance nonlinear metamaterial, based on the local resonance nonlinear metamaterial device as set forth in claim 1, comprising the following steps:
(1) Giving excitation to one end of the matrix beam, respectively carrying out signal acquisition on the head end and the tail end of the matrix beam by using sensors, and carrying out experiments at intervals of 50Hz in a frequency interval of 800Hz-2000 Hz;
(2) Firstly, under the condition that no rigid dispersion particle damping is arranged, measuring an acceleration signal a1 detected at the head end, namely an excitation signal, and an acceleration signal a2 detected at the tail end, namely a receiving signal, at each frequency;
(3) And filling rigid discrete particles in each slot hole and each groove to play a role in particle damping, repeating the operation steps, measuring an acceleration signal a3 detected at the tail end under each frequency, namely a receiving signal, analyzing and processing data obtained by experiments, and comparing acceleration change conditions after filling the rigid discrete particles to obtain experimental results.
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| CN202210018286.0A CN114352666B (en) | 2022-01-07 | Local resonance nonlinear metamaterial device with synergistic effect of forbidden band and particle damping |
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