CN114352550A - Sealing structure and sealing method of centrifugal turbine compressor - Google Patents
Sealing structure and sealing method of centrifugal turbine compressor Download PDFInfo
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- CN114352550A CN114352550A CN202210026843.3A CN202210026843A CN114352550A CN 114352550 A CN114352550 A CN 114352550A CN 202210026843 A CN202210026843 A CN 202210026843A CN 114352550 A CN114352550 A CN 114352550A
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 265
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005997 Calcium carbide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-[2-[2-[2-[bis[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-bromophenoxy]ethoxy]-4-methyl-n-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]anilino]acetate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(OCCOC=2C(=CC=C(Br)C=2)N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)=C1 CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 2
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sealing structure of a centrifugal turbine compressor, which comprises a primary compression cylinder and a secondary compression cylinder communicated with the primary compression cylinder, wherein the primary compression cylinder and the secondary compression cylinder are respectively provided with a gas inlet, annular gas sealing cavities are respectively arranged inside the primary compression cylinder and the secondary compression cylinder and are communicated with the gas inlets, the gas sealing cavities are divided into a gas recovery area and a gas isolation area, the gas recovery area and the gas isolation area are respectively provided with a plurality of gas flow channels, sealing gas is introduced into the gas isolation area through the gas flow channels, the gas recovery area is used for recovering part of chemical gas entering from the gas inlets and collecting part of mixed gas formed by the sealing gas and the chemical gas, and the invention respectively recovers and processes the gas through the gas recovery area, the gas isolation area is subjected to gas sealing treatment, so that a better sealing effect is realized, and chemical gas leakage is avoided; meanwhile, the gas seal cavity keeps the chemical gas sealed during pressurization, so that the problem that the chemical gas contains oil is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a centrifugal turbine compressor, in particular to a sealing structure of the centrifugal turbine compressor and a sealing method thereof.
Background
PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is widely applied plastic, and the domestic production method is mainly a calcium carbide method. The method comprises the steps of adding water into calcium carbide (calcium carbide CaC 2) to generate acetylene gas (C2H2) and calcium hydroxide (lime mud), burning chlorine and hydrogen in a synthesis furnace to generate hydrogen chloride gas, carrying out addition reaction on the hydrogen chloride gas and the acetylene gas in a converter to generate vinyl chloride monomer gas, then carrying out pressurization rectification to prepare Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM), and carrying out polymerization reaction on the vinyl chloride monomer in a polymerization kettle to generate polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
In the PVC production process, most of the existing devices for pressurizing vinyl chloride are screw compressors, lubricating oil for ensuring the operation of the screws has the functions of lubrication, cooling, sealing and shock absorption, but the problem of oil-gas separation and purification is inevitably brought due to the intervention of the lubricating oil, and the product quality is possibly influenced due to the existence of a small amount of the lubricating oil.
Since vinyl chloride is a toxic gas, the sealing requirements for the turbo compressor are extremely high. The sealing of the vinyl chloride in the gear centrifugal type turbine compressor generally adopts a gas sealing mode, and in the prior art, the sealing effect of the gear centrifugal type turbine compressor is not ideal, and a small amount of gas leakage and pollution can be caused in the production process.
Please refer to fig. 1, chinese utility model patent application No. CN202020871896.1 discloses a comb seal type high-speed centrifugal vapor compressor, which comprises an impeller, a rotating shaft and a comb seal body, wherein the comb seal body is sleeved on the rotating shaft, a first comb is arranged on one side of the comb seal body contacting with the back of the impeller, and a second comb is arranged on one side of the comb seal body contacting with the shaft sleeve of the rotating shaft; the comb tooth sealing body is provided with a first channel and a second channel, the first channel is provided with a steam backflow port, the second channel is provided with a pressure relief/pressurization port and a steam condensation discharge port, and the second channel of comb teeth is arranged between the first channel of comb teeth and the first channel of comb teeth.
In the prior art, the sealing effect is general, and the complete sealing can not be realized only through the steam backflow port, so that gas leakage can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a sealing structure of a centrifugal turbine compressor and a sealing method thereof, wherein the sealing structure has a good sealing effect, avoids chemical gas leakage and avoids chemical gas oil.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides a sealing structure of a centrifugal turbine compressor, which comprises a primary compression cylinder and a secondary compression cylinder communicated with the primary compression cylinder, wherein the primary compression cylinder and the secondary compression cylinder are respectively provided with a gas inlet, annular gas sealing cavities are respectively arranged inside the primary compression cylinder and the secondary compression cylinder and are communicated with the gas inlets, the gas sealing cavities are divided into a gas recovery area and a gas isolation area, the gas recovery area and the gas isolation area are respectively provided with a plurality of gas flow channels, sealing gas is introduced into the gas isolation area through the gas flow channels, and the gas recovery area is used for recovering part of chemical gas entering from the gas inlets and collecting part of mixed gas formed by the sealing gas and the chemical gas.
In the sealing structure of the centrifugal turbine compressor, the gas inlet comprises a first-stage inlet positioned at the end part of the first-stage compression cylinder and a second-stage inlet positioned at the end part of the second-stage compression cylinder, the first-stage compression cylinder is further provided with a first-stage outlet, and the second-stage compression cylinder is further provided with a second-stage outlet.
In the above sealing structure of the centrifugal turbine compressor, a first air flow channel and a second air flow channel are arranged in the gas recovery area, the first air flow channel is communicated with the primary inlet through a back-pumping balance pipe, and a part of chemical gas flows back to the primary inlet through the back-pumping balance pipe; the second airflow channel is connected with a waste chlorine removing pipeline outwards, mixed gas formed by part of sealing gas and part of chemical gas is discharged from the waste chlorine removing pipeline, and the waste chlorine removing pipeline is connected with a waste chlorine removing treatment device.
In the sealing structure of the centrifugal turbo compressor, the first air flow channel of the air seal cavity inside the secondary compression cylinder is communicated with the back-pumping balance pipe, and a part of the chemical gas in the secondary compression cylinder flows back to the primary inlet through the back-pumping balance pipe.
In the above-described seal structure of a centrifugal turbine compressor, the gas exclusion zone is provided with at least one gas inflow passage communicating with the seal gas and a pair of gas outflow passages for discharge of the seal gas.
In the sealing structure of the centrifugal turbo compressor, the gas isolation area is provided with the gas adding pipeline, the gas isolation area is provided with a third gas flow channel, a fourth gas flow channel, a fifth gas flow channel and a sixth gas flow channel, the third gas flow channel and the fifth gas flow channel are connected with the gas adding pipeline, sealing gas is introduced into the gas seal cavity through the third gas flow channel and the fifth gas flow channel, the gas flow inlet channel comprises the third gas flow channel and the fifth gas flow channel, and the gas flow outlet channel comprises the fourth gas flow channel, the sixth gas flow channel and a second gas flow channel mixed with chemical gas.
The sealing structure of the centrifugal turbine compressor further comprises a motor and a high-speed shaft, wherein a first-stage impeller and a second-stage impeller are respectively arranged at gas inlets inside the first-stage compression cylinder and the second-stage compression cylinder, and ventilation gaps are respectively arranged between the first-stage impeller and the air seal cavity of the first-stage compression cylinder and between the second-stage impeller and the air seal cavity of the second-stage compression cylinder.
In the sealing structure of the centrifugal turbo compressor, the air seal cavity adopts a five-section labyrinth air seal structure, sealing gas is injected into the air seal cavity to seal the ventilation gap, five sections of staggered comb teeth are arranged on the outer surface of the high-speed shaft, which is located in the air seal cavity, and concave and convex sealing teeth corresponding to the comb teeth are respectively arranged in the primary compression cylinder and the secondary compression cylinder.
In the sealing structure of the centrifugal turbo compressor, the air seal cavity adopts a straight-through labyrinth air seal structure, sealing gas is injected into the air seal cavity to seal the ventilation gap, and the high-speed shaft is provided with the comb teeth which are uniformly distributed on the outer surface of the air seal cavity.
In the sealing structure of the centrifugal turbine compressor, stepped comb teeth are arranged on one sides, located on the ventilation gap, of the first-stage compression cylinder and the second-stage compression cylinder.
A sealing method of a sealing structure of a centrifugal turbine compressor is characterized in that the sealing structure is prefabricated, chemical gas is fed into a primary compression cylinder through a primary inlet of the primary compression cylinder in advance, the chemical gas is pressurized for the first time through a primary impeller and then discharged from a primary outlet, the chemical gas is cooled and then enters a secondary impeller through a secondary inlet of a secondary compression cylinder for secondary pressurization, and finally the chemical gas is discharged from a secondary outlet and is cooled again; the sealing method of the sealing structure comprises the following steps:
s1, introducing sealing gas into the air seal cavity in advance through a third air flow channel and a fifth air flow channel, wherein the sealing gas of the third air flow channel flows to the second air flow channel and the fourth air flow channel on two sides after entering the air seal cavity, and the sealing gas of the fifth air flow channel flows to the fourth air flow channel and the sixth air flow channel on two sides after entering the air seal cavity;
s2, starting a motor, wherein the motor drives a primary compression cylinder and a secondary compression cylinder to work simultaneously, chemical gas enters from a primary inlet and is pressurized by a primary impeller, and when partial chemical gas enters a gas seal cavity from a ventilation gap and passes through a first gas flow channel, the chemical gas in the first gas flow channel flows back to the primary inlet through a back-pumping balance pipe;
s3, continuously flowing the chemical gas in the direction of the gas seal cavity back to the impeller, mixing the chemical gas with the sealing gas when passing through the second gas flow channel, and discharging the chemical gas outwards through a waste chlorine removal pipeline;
s4, because the sealing gas of the third airflow channel and the fifth airflow channel respectively flows to the second airflow channel and the fourth airflow channel on both sides and flows to the fourth airflow channel and the sixth airflow channel after entering the gas seal cavity, the sealing gas forms a double gas sealing barrier, so that the chemical gas can not leak from the gas seal cavity
And S5, secondarily pressurizing the primarily pressurized chemical gas by a secondary impeller, and respectively refluxing part of the chemical gas in the secondary compression cylinder to the primary inlet through a back-pumping balance pipe to realize secondary recovery, mixing with the sealed gas and secondarily discharging the chemical gas outwards through a waste chlorine removal pipeline.
According to the invention, the gas seal cavity is divided into a gas recovery area and a gas isolation area, sealing gas is introduced into the gas isolation area through a gas flow channel, the gas recovery area is used for recovering part of chemical gas entering from a gas inlet and collecting part of mixed gas formed by the sealing gas and the chemical gas, gas recovery and treatment are carried out through the gas recovery area, and gas sealing treatment is carried out in the gas isolation area, so that a better sealing effect is realized, and chemical gas leakage is avoided; meanwhile, the gas seal cavity keeps the chemical gas sealed during pressurization, so that the problem that the chemical gas contains oil is avoided.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a comb sealing type high-speed centrifugal vapor compressor in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a seal structure of a centrifugal turbo compressor according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cut-away schematic view of a seal structure of the centrifugal turbine compressor of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary view of seal configuration A of the centrifugal turbine compressor of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary view of seal B of the centrifugal turbine compressor of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the seal configuration of the centrifugal turbine compressor of FIG. 2;
fig. 7 is a sectional view of a seal structure C of a centrifugal turbo compressor according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a partially cut-away schematic view of a seal structure of a centrifugal turbo compressor according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the sealing structure of the centrifugal turbo compressor provided by the invention comprises a motor 1, a high-speed shaft 5, a primary compression cylinder 3 and a secondary compression cylinder 4 communicated with the primary compression cylinder 3. One-level compression cylinder 3 and second grade compression cylinder 4 all are equipped with gas inlet, and the inside of one-level compression cylinder 3 and second grade compression cylinder 4 all is equipped with annular atmoseal chamber 2.
The gas seal cavity 2 is communicated with a gas inlet, the gas seal cavity 2 is divided into a gas recovery area 6 and a gas isolation area 7, the gas recovery area 6 and the gas isolation area 7 are respectively provided with a plurality of gas flow channels, sealing gas is introduced into the gas isolation area 7 through the gas flow channels, and the gas recovery area 6 is used for recovering part of chemical gas entering from the gas inlet and collecting part of mixed gas formed by the sealing gas and the chemical gas.
The primary compression cylinder 3 is provided with a primary inlet 31 and a primary outlet 32, the secondary compression cylinder 4 is provided with a secondary inlet 41 and a secondary outlet 42, a primary impeller 33 and a secondary impeller 43 are respectively arranged at the primary inlet 31 and the secondary inlet 41 inside the primary compression cylinder 3 and the secondary compression cylinder 4, the primary impeller 33 and the secondary impeller 43 are fixed at two ends of the high-speed shaft 5, and chemical gas is sequentially subjected to primary pressurization of the primary impeller 33 and secondary pressurization of the secondary impeller 43; the gas seal chamber 2 is located at the non-end of the high speed shaft 5. The chemical gas is chloroethylene, chlorine monomer or chloromethane. The sealing gas is nitrogen or dry air.
As shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, a first gas flow channel 61 and a second gas flow channel 62 are arranged in the gas recovery area 6, the first gas flow channel 61 is communicated with the primary inlet 31 through a back-pumping balance pipe a1, and part of the chemical gas flows back to the primary inlet 31 through a back-pumping balance pipe a 1; the second gas flow channel 62 is externally connected with a waste chlorine removal pipeline a2, a mixed gas formed by part of sealing gas and part of chemical gas is discharged from the waste chlorine removal pipeline a2, and the waste chlorine removal pipeline a2 is connected with a waste chlorine removal treatment device.
The first air flow channel 61 of the air seal cavity 2 inside the secondary compression cylinder 4 is communicated with the back pumping balance pipe a1, and part of the chemical gas inside the secondary compression cylinder 4 flows back to the primary inlet 31 through the back pumping balance pipe a 1.
The gas-insulated zone 7 is provided with at least one gas inlet channel in communication with the sealing gas and a pair of gas outlet channels for the gas exiting the sealing gas.
The gas isolation area 7 is provided with a gas adding pipeline a3, a third gas flow channel 71, a fourth gas flow channel 72, a fifth gas flow channel 73 and a sixth gas flow channel 74 are arranged in the gas isolation area 7, the third gas flow channel 71 and the fifth gas flow channel 73 are connected with the gas adding pipeline a3, sealing gas is introduced into the gas seal cavity 2 through the third gas flow channel 71 and the fifth gas flow channel 73, the gas flow inlet channel comprises the third gas flow channel 71 and the fifth gas flow channel 73, and the gas flow outlet channel comprises the fourth gas flow channel 72, the sixth gas flow channel 74 and the second gas flow channel 62 mixed with the chemical gas.
The rotating speed of the first-stage impeller 33 and the second-stage impeller 43 is 15000r/min-36000 r/min. First-order impeller 33 and second-order impeller 43 are the closed impeller, and the apron around the closed impeller is equipped with around the blade, and is efficient, is applicable to the clean liquid or the gas of carrying the impurity-free, compares open impeller gas flow loss little. The first-stage compression cylinder 3 and the second-stage compression cylinder 4 are also provided with a first-stage turbine passage 34 and a second-stage turbine passage 44 inside. The diameter of the first stage turbine passage 34 is larger than the diameter of the second stage turbine passage 44, and the smaller diameter provides faster pressure rise. The shrouded impeller has a centrifugal passage between the primary inlet 31 and the primary turbine passage 34 or between the secondary inlet 41 and the secondary turbine passage 44.
The first-stage impeller 33 and the second-stage impeller 43 are not in contact with the inner wall of the first-stage compression cylinder 3 and the inner wall of the second-stage compression cylinder 4. And ventilation gaps 8 are formed between one end of the primary impeller 33, which is back to the primary inlet 31, and the inner wall of the primary compression cylinder 3, and between one end of the secondary impeller 43, which is back to the secondary inlet 41, and the inner wall of the secondary compression cylinder 4. Namely, the air gaps 8 are respectively arranged between the first-stage impeller 33 and the air seal cavity 2 of the first-stage compression cylinder 3 and between the second-stage impeller 43 and the air seal cavity 2 of the second-stage compression cylinder 4.
The air seal cavity 2 is used for preventing chemical gas from leaking from the ventilation gap 8, the air seal cavity 2 adopts a five-section labyrinth air seal structure, sealing gas is injected into the air seal cavity to seal the ventilation gap 8, five sections of staggered comb teeth 21 are arranged on the outer surface of the high-speed shaft 5, which is located on the air seal cavity 2, and concave and convex sealing teeth 22 corresponding to the comb teeth are respectively arranged in the primary compression cylinder and the secondary compression cylinder. The high-speed shaft 5 is sealed with the comb 21 of the air seal cavity 2 and is not contacted with the inner walls of the primary compression cylinder 3 and the secondary compression cylinder 4.
The first-stage compression cylinder 3 and the second-stage compression cylinder are driven by the motor 1 to rotate and pressurize, the motor 1 is provided with a transmission shaft 11 and a transmission gear disc 12, and the transmission gear disc 12 is sleeved with a gear box 13. The middle part of the high-speed shaft 5 is provided with high-speed teeth 51 corresponding to the driving toothed disc 12.
The compressor also includes coolers between the primary outlet 32 and the secondary inlet 41, and between the secondary outlet 42 and the downstream platform, respectively. During the pressurizing process, the chemical gas under normal pressure enters from the primary inlet 31, is pressurized by the primary impeller 33 and then exits from the primary outlet 32, then the primarily pressurized gas enters from the secondary inlet 41 through the cooling of the cooler and is pressurized again by the secondary impeller 43, finally the gas is discharged from the secondary outlet 42 and is cooled again by the cooler so as to be distributed to the downstream workbench.
In the gas seal process, part of chemical gas can be wandered away by the gap between the inner walls of the impeller and the compression cylinder, therefore, sealing gas needs to be injected into the gas seal cavity 2, and the chemical gas is prevented from leaking from the gas seal cavity 2. The compressor provides final chemical gas pressure by adopting a single-stage speed increasing and multi-stage compression mode, and has the advantages of high sealing effect and energy saving.
When the high-speed impeller works, the motor 1 drives the transmission fluted disc 12 to rotate through the transmission shaft 11, the transmission fluted disc 12 is meshed with the high-speed teeth 51, and the diameter of the transmission fluted disc 12 is far larger than that of the high-speed teeth 51, so that the primary impeller 33 and the secondary impeller 43 which are positioned at two ends of the high-speed shaft 5 rotate at a high speed of 15000r/min-36000r/min at the same time, and the rotating speed can be adjusted through the motor 1, so that the pressure and the flow are controlled;
the turbine compression method of the compressor is that the centrifugal impeller is driven by the high-speed shaft 5 to rotate at the rotating speed, so that chemical gas is sucked from the first-stage inlet 31 and the second-stage inlet 41 at high speed, passes through the centrifugal channel of the centrifugal impeller with the linear speed of 360-800 m/s, passes through a diffuser, a cooler and other equipment, and is finally discharged from the second-stage outlet 42 at high speed when the pressure reaches 0.8 Mpa.
In the using process, the motor 1 drives the centrifugal impeller to rotate at a high speed through the high-speed shaft 5, the rotating speed of the impeller reaches 23000 r/m, the chemical gas is acted, energy is transmitted to the gas, the pressure of the chemical gas is increased, the chemical gas is compressed from the existing low pressure to high pressure for supply, the pressure of a primary outlet 32 is 1-3Kpa at the moment, the chemical gas enters a secondary inlet 41 after being cooled, the chemical gas is discharged from a secondary outlet 42 pipe after the chemical gas is continuously acted by the impeller, and the gas pressure can reach not less than 0.8Mpa at the moment; the chemical gas is sealed by adopting a special five-section labyrinth structure, so that the chemical gas is prevented from leaking.
The molecular weight of the chloroethylene is 62.5, and is smaller than the molecular weight of 71 of chlorine, the exhaust pressure is high, and the compression difficulty is larger than that of the chlorine. The air inlet pressure is nearly normal pressure, and an air seal cavity is arranged at the back of the centrifugal impeller to ensure zero leakage of chloroethylene.
The invention uses the suction force of the centrifugal impeller inlet of the turbine, and uses the advantages of high efficiency of the turbine machinery and five-section gas seal structure, and realizes the compression of chemical gas by the high-speed centrifugal impeller of 15000r/min-36000r/min, thereby greatly reducing the energy consumption of compression, solving the problem of oil content of vinyl chloride and improving the product quality.
In order to improve the efficiency of the impeller, a closed impeller is adopted, a wheel disc and a wheel cover adopt a welding structure, and the impeller and a high-speed gear shaft adopt conical surface interference fit and are connected by fastening screws. The front of the impeller rim is provided with an end seal ring made of non-metallic materials, so that the axial clearance of the centrifugal impeller is ensured to be in a reasonable size, and meanwhile, the abrasion of a compression cylinder or a front cover can be prevented.
In view of the process requirements of reducing the volume and weight of the machine and obtaining high efficiency and energy saving, the impeller speed is greatly increased to over 20000r/min and up to 36000r/min, and the high speed makes it obviously different from other types of compressors.
Considering the balance of the axial force of the impellers, the impellers are symmetrically arranged. Meanwhile, thrust plates are arranged on two sides of a pinion of a high-speed gear shaft and used for balancing axial force. The bearing of the high-speed shaft is a tilting pad dynamic pressure sliding radial thrust combined bearing; the input shaft bearing is a rolling ball bearing.
The sealing method of the sealing structure of the centrifugal turbine compressor comprises the steps of prefabricating the sealing structure, introducing chemical gas into a primary compression cylinder through a primary inlet of the primary compression cylinder in advance, discharging the chemical gas from a primary outlet after the chemical gas is pressurized for the first time through a primary impeller, entering a secondary impeller from a secondary inlet of a secondary compression cylinder after the chemical gas is cooled for the second time, discharging the chemical gas from a secondary outlet and cooling again; the sealing method of the sealing structure comprises the following steps:
s1, introducing sealing gas into the air seal cavity in advance through a third air flow channel and a fifth air flow channel, wherein the sealing gas of the third air flow channel flows to the second air flow channel and the fourth air flow channel on two sides after entering the air seal cavity, and the sealing gas of the fifth air flow channel flows to the fourth air flow channel and the sixth air flow channel on two sides after entering the air seal cavity;
s2, starting a motor, wherein the motor drives a primary compression cylinder and a secondary compression cylinder to work simultaneously, chemical gas enters from a primary inlet and is pressurized by a primary impeller, and when partial chemical gas enters a gas seal cavity from a ventilation gap and passes through a first gas flow channel, the chemical gas in the first gas flow channel flows back to the primary inlet through a back-pumping balance pipe;
s3, continuously flowing the chemical gas in the direction of the gas seal cavity back to the impeller, mixing the chemical gas with the sealing gas when passing through the second gas flow channel, and discharging the chemical gas outwards through a waste chlorine removal pipeline;
s4, because the sealing gas of the third airflow channel and the fifth airflow channel respectively flows to the second airflow channel and the fourth airflow channel on both sides and flows to the fourth airflow channel and the sixth airflow channel after entering the gas seal cavity, the sealing gas forms a double gas sealing barrier, so that the chemical gas can not leak from the gas seal cavity
And S5, secondarily pressurizing the primarily pressurized chemical gas by a secondary impeller, and respectively refluxing part of the chemical gas in the secondary compression cylinder to the primary inlet through a back-pumping balance pipe to realize secondary recovery, mixing with the sealed gas and secondarily discharging the chemical gas outwards through a waste chlorine removal pipeline.
Chemical gas enters a primary compression cylinder from a primary inlet; then the chemical gas is thrown out under the action of high-speed centrifugation of the first-stage impeller, so that the chemical gas is pressurized. When the chemical gas is pressurized, part of the chemical gas leaks through a ventilation gap at the back of the primary impeller; the leaked chemical gas flows through the first section of comb teeth, is pumped back through a back pumping balance pipe communicated with the first gas flow channel and enters the primary inlet again, and the circulation is carried out; although chlorine gas is subjected to once pumping circulation, a small part of the chlorine gas still leaks and cannot be completely sealed, so that a second airflow channel and a third airflow channel are arranged, the third airflow channel is communicated with a gas filling pipeline, and partial leaked chemical gas mixed nitrogen or dry air is discharged from the second airflow channel, wherein the step is waste chlorine removal treatment; the air seal structure is provided with a plurality of air adding pipelines, nitrogen or dry air enters through the third airflow channel and the fifth airflow channel respectively and is discharged through the second airflow channel, the fourth airflow channel and the sixth airflow channel, namely one air adding pipeline is discharged through two adjacent channels. After the chemical gas enters the secondary compression cylinder, part of the chemical gas is also pumped back again and flows back to the primary inlet. Through secondary backflow and multi-stage sealing, the compressor always keeps high sealing performance.
As shown in fig. 7, in the second embodiment of the present invention, the air sealing cavity 2 adopts a straight-through labyrinth air sealing structure, sealing gas is injected into the air sealing cavity 2 to seal the ventilation gap 8, and the high-speed shaft 5 is provided with uniformly distributed comb teeth 21 on the outer surface of the air sealing cavity. Compared with the staggered labyrinth, the straight-through labyrinth has simpler structure, can reduce the machining precision of the comb teeth and saves the cost. The labyrinth air seal can also be a straight-through composite labyrinth or a stepped labyrinth.
In the third embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8, the primary compression cylinder and the secondary compression cylinder are provided with stepped comb teeth 21 on one side of the ventilation gap 8. The stepped comb teeth 21 correspond to the profile of the wheel disc of the closed impeller, so that the amount of chemical gas passing through the ventilation gap 8 is reduced, and the sealing effect is improved.
In a fourth embodiment of the invention, the pressure in the vent gap 8 in the secondary compression cylinder is greater than the pressure in the vent gap 8 in the primary compression cylinder. A pressure balance valve is arranged between the back-pumping balance pipe a1 and the secondary compression cylinder 4, so that the back-pumping air pressure is the same, the back-pumping pressure of the secondary compression cylinder 4 is reduced through the pressure balance valve, and the back-flow of chemical gas from the secondary compression cylinder 4 to the primary compression cylinder 3 is prevented.
According to the invention, the gas seal cavity is divided into a gas recovery area and a gas isolation area, sealing gas is introduced into the gas isolation area through a gas flow channel, the gas recovery area is used for recovering part of chemical gas entering from a gas inlet and collecting part of mixed gas formed by the sealing gas and the chemical gas, gas recovery and treatment are carried out through the gas recovery area, and gas sealing treatment is carried out in the gas isolation area, so that a better sealing effect is realized, and chemical gas leakage is avoided; meanwhile, the gas seal cavity keeps the chemical gas sealed during pressurization, so that the problem that the chemical gas contains oil is avoided.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and equivalents should also be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. The utility model provides a centrifugal turbocompressor's seal structure include, one-level compression cylinder and with the second grade compression cylinder of one-level compression cylinder intercommunication, one-level compression cylinder and second grade compression cylinder all are equipped with gas inlet, its characterized in that: the one-level compression cylinder with the inside of second grade compression cylinder all is equipped with annular atmoseal chamber, atmoseal chamber is linked together with gas inlet, atmoseal chamber is divided into gaseous recovery district and gaseous isolated district, gaseous recovery district with gaseous isolated district all is equipped with a plurality of airflow channel, passes through in the gaseous isolated district airflow channel lets in sealed gas, and gaseous recovery district is used for retrieving the part by the chemical gas that gas inlet got into and collects the gas mixture that partly sealed gas and chemical gas formed.
2. A seal structure of a centrifugal turbine compressor according to claim 1, wherein: the gas inlet comprises a first-stage inlet positioned at the end part of the first-stage compression cylinder and a second-stage inlet positioned at the end part of the second-stage compression cylinder, the first-stage compression cylinder is further provided with a first-stage outlet, and the second-stage compression cylinder is further provided with a second-stage outlet.
3. A seal structure of a centrifugal turbine compressor according to claim 2, wherein: a first air flow channel and a second air flow channel are arranged in the gas recovery area, the first air flow channel is communicated with the primary inlet through a back-pumping balance pipe, and part of chemical gas flows back to the primary inlet through the back-pumping balance pipe; the second airflow channel is connected with a waste chlorine removing pipeline outwards, mixed gas formed by part of sealing gas and part of chemical gas is discharged from the waste chlorine removing pipeline, and the waste chlorine removing pipeline is connected with a waste chlorine removing treatment device.
4. A seal structure of a centrifugal turbine compressor according to claim 3, wherein: the first air flow channel of the air seal cavity inside the secondary compression cylinder is communicated with the back-pumping balance pipe, and part of chemical gas in the secondary compression cylinder flows back to the primary inlet through the back-pumping balance pipe.
5. A seal structure of a centrifugal turbine compressor according to claim 1, wherein: the gas-insulated zone is provided with at least one gas inlet channel in communication with the sealing gas and a pair of gas outlet channels for the outlet of the sealing gas.
6. A seal structure of a centrifugal turbine compressor according to claim 5, wherein: the gas isolation area is provided with a gas adding pipeline, a third gas flow channel, a fourth gas flow channel, a fifth gas flow channel and a sixth gas flow channel are arranged in the gas isolation area, the third gas flow channel and the fifth gas flow channel are connected with the gas adding pipeline, sealing gas is introduced into the gas seal cavity through the third gas flow channel and the fifth gas flow channel, the gas flow inlet channel comprises the third gas flow channel and the fifth gas flow channel, and the gas flow outlet channel comprises the fourth gas flow channel, the sixth gas flow channel and a second gas flow channel mixed with chemical gas.
7. A seal structure of a centrifugal turbine compressor according to claim 1, wherein: the compressor also comprises a motor and a high-speed shaft, wherein a first-stage impeller and a second-stage impeller are respectively arranged at gas inlets in the first-stage compression cylinder and the second-stage compression cylinder, and ventilation gaps are respectively arranged between the first-stage impeller and the air seal cavity of the first-stage compression cylinder and between the second-stage impeller and the air seal cavity of the second-stage compression cylinder.
8. A seal structure of a centrifugal turbine compressor according to claim 7, wherein: the air seal cavity adopts a five-section labyrinth air seal structure, sealing gas is injected into the air seal cavity to seal the ventilation gap, five sections of staggered comb teeth are arranged on the outer surface of the high-speed shaft, which is positioned on the air seal cavity, and concave and convex sealing teeth corresponding to the comb teeth are respectively arranged in the primary compression cylinder and the secondary compression cylinder.
9. A seal structure of a centrifugal turbine compressor according to claim 7, wherein: the air seal cavity adopts a straight-through labyrinth air seal structure, sealing gas is injected into the air seal cavity to seal the ventilation gap, and the high-speed shaft is provided with uniformly distributed comb teeth on the outer surface of the air seal cavity.
10. A seal structure of a centrifugal turbine compressor according to claim 7, wherein: stepped comb teeth are arranged on one sides, located in the ventilation gap, of the first-stage compression cylinder and the second-stage compression cylinder.
11. A method of sealing a seal structure of a centrifugal turbine compressor, characterized by: the sealing structure of claim 1 is prefabricated, chemical gas is fed into the primary compression cylinder through a primary inlet of the primary compression cylinder in advance, the chemical gas is pressurized once through the primary impeller and then discharged from a primary outlet, the chemical gas is cooled and then enters the secondary impeller through a secondary inlet of the secondary compression cylinder for secondary pressurization, and finally the chemical gas is discharged from a secondary outlet and is cooled again; the sealing method of the sealing structure comprises the following steps:
s1, introducing sealing gas into the air seal cavity in advance through a third air flow channel and a fifth air flow channel, wherein the sealing gas of the third air flow channel flows to the second air flow channel and the fourth air flow channel on two sides after entering the air seal cavity, and the sealing gas of the fifth air flow channel flows to the fourth air flow channel and the sixth air flow channel on two sides after entering the air seal cavity;
s2, starting a motor, wherein the motor drives a primary compression cylinder and a secondary compression cylinder to work simultaneously, chemical gas enters from a primary inlet and is pressurized by a primary impeller, and when partial chemical gas enters a gas seal cavity from a ventilation gap and passes through a first gas flow channel, the chemical gas in the first gas flow channel flows back to the primary inlet through a back-pumping balance pipe;
s3, continuously flowing the chemical gas in the direction of the gas seal cavity back to the impeller, mixing the chemical gas with the sealing gas when passing through the second gas flow channel, and discharging the chemical gas outwards through a waste chlorine removal pipeline;
s4, because the sealing gas of the third airflow channel and the fifth airflow channel respectively flows to the second airflow channel and the fourth airflow channel on both sides and flows to the fourth airflow channel and the sixth airflow channel after entering the gas seal cavity, the sealing gas forms a double gas sealing barrier, so that the chemical gas can not leak from the gas seal cavity
And S5, secondarily pressurizing the primarily pressurized chemical gas by a secondary impeller, and respectively refluxing part of the chemical gas in the secondary compression cylinder to the primary inlet through a back-pumping balance pipe to realize secondary recovery, mixing with the sealed gas and secondarily discharging the chemical gas outwards through a waste chlorine removal pipeline.
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