CN114352306B - Enlarged tunnel device of high-speed railway tunnel portal and design method thereof - Google Patents
Enlarged tunnel device of high-speed railway tunnel portal and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, in particular to an enlarged tunnel device of a tunnel portal of a high-speed railway and a design method thereof, wherein the enlarged tunnel device of the tunnel portal of the high-speed railway comprises an enlarged section tunnel; expand large-scale section tunnel cross-sectional area and be greater than the cross-sectional area in tunnel, be provided with rib formula amortization structure on the inner wall in enlarged section tunnel, rib formula amortization structure sets up along tunnel cross section, and two at least rib formula amortization structures set up along enlarged section tunnel axial interval, and all rib formula amortization structures will be enlarged section tunnel and cut apart into a plurality of first chamber sections along the axial, and rib formula amortization structure department encloses into there is the second chamber section. The application discloses an enlarged tunnel device of high-speed railway tunnel entrance to a cave, when the pressure wave when enlarging type section tunnel, the pressure wave can produce inflation and contraction effect in the region that each first chamber section or rib formula amortization structure enclose to reduce the energy of pressure wave, thereby reduce initial compression ripples and the little atmospheric pressure wave of tunnel entrance to a cave.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, in particular to an enlarged tunnel device of a tunnel portal of a high-speed railway and a design method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of traffic technology in China, the running speed of high-speed railway trains is gradually increased, and the running of high-speed railways at the speed of 400km per hour becomes possible. With the increase of the vehicle speed, the tunnel aerodynamic problem is more obvious.
The problem of micro-pressure waves at the tunnel opening (namely a standard section tunnel) is always a relatively hot problem in tunnel aerodynamic problems, and the environment around the tunnel opening and buildings are very adversely affected if the micro-pressure waves are too large. Research shows that the peak value of the micro-pressure wave at the tunnel portal is in direct proportion to the third power of the vehicle speed, and when a train passes through a standard single-tunnel double-line tunnel of 100m & lt 2 & gt at the speed of 400km/h, the peak value of the micro-pressure wave at the 20m position of the tunnel portal is 135Pa, which is far beyond the standard requirement (50 Pa). At present, how to arrange a buffer structure at a tunnel portal to reduce the pressure change rate so as to reduce the micro-pressure waves at the tunnel portal is one of the key problems of research in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problem that the environment around the tunnel portal and the building are very adversely affected due to excessive micro-pressure waves in the prior art, the invention provides an enlarged tunnel device of the tunnel portal of the high-speed railway and a design method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an enlarged tunnel device of a tunnel portal of a high-speed railway comprises an enlarged section tunnel connected with a port of a standard section tunnel; the cross-sectional area of the enlarged section tunnel is larger than that of the standard section tunnel, at least two rib type noise reduction structures are arranged on the inner wall of the enlarged section tunnel and are arranged along the cross section of the enlarged section tunnel, at least two rib type noise reduction structures are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the enlarged section tunnel, all the rib type noise reduction structures divide the enlarged section tunnel into a plurality of first cavity sections along the axial direction, and a second cavity section is enclosed at each rib type noise reduction structure.
The application an enlarged tunnel device of high-speed railway tunnel entrance to a cave be provided with two at least rib formula amortization structures on the inner wall in enlarged section tunnel, rib formula amortization structure sets up along enlarged section tunnel cross section, at least two rib formula amortization structure is followed enlarged section tunnel axial interval sets up, separates into a plurality of first chamber sections with enlarged section tunnel through rib formula amortization structure, because rib formula amortization structure has thickness, rib formula amortization structure sets up along enlarged section tunnel cross section, so rib formula amortization structure is in its thickness scope and encloses into second chamber section, first chamber section cross section headroom area is different with second chamber section headroom area for headroom cross section area in the enlarged section tunnel constantly changes along its axial, when through enlarged section tunnel, constantly changes along its axial by headroom cross section area in enlarged section tunnel, and the pressure wave can produce expansion pressure wave and contraction effect in the region that each first chamber section or rib formula amortization structure enclose to reduce the energy of initial compression wave and high-speed railway air pressure tunnel entrance to the little pressure wave.
In the above scheme, first chamber section cross section headroom and second chamber section cross section headroom all are greater than the cross section headroom in standard section tunnel.
Preferably, the enlarged cross-section tunnel is formed by pouring concrete, and the ribbed silencing structure is formed by pouring lightweight concrete.
Light concrete placement has fine sound absorption for rib formula amortization structure not only can reduce initial compression ripples and the little atmospheric pressure ripples of tunnel entrance to a cave, can reduce the noise when train passes through the tunnel entrance to a cave moreover.
Preferably, the enlarged cross-section tunnel is arranged in an equal cross section mode, and the clearance area of the enlarged cross-section tunnel is 1.3-1.5 times that of the standard cross-section tunnel.
Preferably, the length of the enlarged cross-section tunnel is 20-30 m.
Preferably, the cross section of the rib type noise reduction structure is rectangular or polygonal with arc shape.
Preferably, the width of the rib type noise reduction structure along the axial direction of the tunnel is 0.3-0.5 m.
Preferably, the cross-sectional area of the rib type noise reduction structure perpendicular to the axial direction of the tunnel is 10% -20% of the clearance area of the tunnel with the enlarged cross section.
Preferably, the enlarged type pressure reduction buffer device for the tunnel portal of the high-speed railway further comprises a horn-shaped pilot tunnel, the large-opening end of the horn-shaped pilot tunnel is connected with the enlarged type section tunnel, and the small-opening end of the horn-shaped pilot tunnel is used for being connected with the standard section tunnel port.
Preferably, the axial length of the flared guide hole is 5-10 m, and the cross section of the flared guide hole changes linearly along the axial direction.
The application an enlarged tunnel device of high-speed railway tunnel entrance to a cave, enlarged section tunnel sets up in standard section tunnel entrance to a cave position, enlarged section tunnel cross-sectional area is greater than the cross-sectional area in standard section tunnel, enlarged section tunnel and standard section tunnel are connected through tubaeform pilot tunnel, and then reduce the pressure wave through the pressure change rate of enlarged section tunnel and standard section tunnel juncture, cooperate enlarged section tunnel and set up the ribbed amortization structure on enlarged section tunnel inner wall simultaneously, make the cross-sectional area in the enlarged section tunnel constantly change along its axial headroom, when the pressure wave is through enlarged section tunnel, because the cross-sectional area headroom in enlarged section tunnel constantly changes along its axial, the pressure wave can produce inflation and contraction effect in the region that each first chamber section or ribbed structure enclose, with the energy that reduces the pressure wave, thereby reduce initial compression wave and high-speed railway tunnel entrance to a cave micro-pressure wave.
The application also discloses a design method of the enlarged tunnel device for the tunnel portal of the high-speed railway, which comprises the following steps:
A1. drawing up the ratio of the clearance area of the cross section of the first cavity section to the clearance area of the cross section of the second cavity section, and drawing up the ratio of the clearance areas of the cross sections of the first cavity section and the second cavity section and the pressure gradient P of the pressure wave when the train just enters the enlarged cross-section tunnel 1 And pressure wave velocity v 1 Inputting the pressure wave depressurization model, so that the pressure wave depressurization model outputs pressure P after the pressure wave passes through the enlarged section tunnel;
A2. the pressure wave depressurization model outputs a pressure gradient P after the pressure wave passes through the enlarged section tunnel and a pressure gradient P when the train just enters the enlarged section tunnel 1 By comparison, the percent pressure gradient decrease W is obtained, after which,
when W is more than or equal to W, obtaining the final structural parameters and the final arrangement parameters of the rib type noise reduction structure based on the ratio of the clearance areas of the cross sections of the first cavity section and the second cavity section;
when W < [ W ], adjusting the ratio of the clearance areas of the cross sections of the first cavity section and the second cavity section, and repeating the steps S1 and S2 until W is more than or equal to [ W ], wherein [ W ] is a target percentage, and the specific value of the target percentage is determined according to an engineering actual target.
A design method that is used for an enlarged tunnel device of high-speed railway tunnel entrance to a cave, based on pressure wave step-down model can obtain the pressure wave accurately and warp pressure P behind the enlarged section tunnel to reverse the confirmation based on the target percentage the structural parameter and the layout parameter of rib formula amortization structure, the whole calculation is simple, practical.
Preferably, the pressure wave depressurization model is specifically:
M a ＝v/c
T＝T 1 ×T 2 ×...×T i ×...×T n
in the formula, M a The Mach number of the train is calculated by the following formula, wherein v is the speed of the train, c is the local sound velocity, and 340m/s is taken; s1, the ratio of the cross section clearance area of the second cavity section to the cross section clearance area of the first cavity section is obtained; s2, the ratio of the clearance area of the cross section of the first cavity section to the clearance area of the cross section of the second cavity section is obtained; t is a A transfer matrix for a pressure wave as it propagates from the first cavity segment to the second cavity segment; t is b A transfer matrix for a pressure wave propagating from the second cavity segment to the first cavity segment; ti is a pressure transmission matrix when the pressure wave is transmitted from the ith cavity section to the (i + 1) th cavity section, and if the clearance area of the cross section is reduced (from the first cavity section to the second cavity section) when the pressure wave is transmitted from the ith cavity section to the (i + 1) th cavity section, the Ti is expressed by a formula T a Carry out calculation, otherwise press T b Calculating; p 1 The pressure gradient of the pressure wave is the pressure gradient of the train just before entering the tunnel with the enlarged section; v. of 1 The speed of the pressure wave is the speed of the pressure wave when the train just enters the tunnel with the enlarged cross section; p 2 For the pressure gradient after the pressure wave passes through the tunnel of enlarged section, v 2 Is the velocity of the pressure wave after passing through the enlarged cross-sectional tunnel.
Preferably, the target percentage is 40% to 45%.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the application an enlarged tunnel device of high-speed railway tunnel entrance to a cave be provided with two at least rib formula amortization structures on the inner wall in enlarged section tunnel, rib formula amortization structure sets up along tunnel cross section, at least two rib formula amortization structure is followed enlarged section tunnel axial interval sets up, separates enlarged section tunnel into a plurality of first chamber sections through rib formula amortization structure, because rib formula amortization structure has thickness, rib formula amortization structure sets up along tunnel cross section, so rib formula amortization structure is in its thickness scope and encloses into second chamber section, first chamber section cross section headroom area is different with second chamber section headroom area for cross-sectional area in the enlarged section tunnel changes along its axial, when the pressure wave when enlarging section tunnel, by headroom cross-sectional area in the enlarged section tunnel constantly changes along its axial, the pressure wave can produce expansion and contraction effect in the region that each first chamber section or rib formula amortization structure enclose to reduce the energy of pressure wave to reduce initial compression ripples and tunnel entrance to a little pressure wave.
2. According to the expanding tunnel device for the tunnel portal of the high-speed railway, the equal-section expanding type ribbed large-section tunnel is arranged at the tunnel inlet and the tunnel outlet, so that the initial compression wave and the pressure change rate generated when a train enters the tunnel can be effectively reduced, the peak value of the micro-pressure wave at the tunnel portal is reduced, and the influence of the peak value on the surrounding environment is reduced;
3. the application an enlarged tunnel device of high-speed railway tunnel entrance to a cave implement convenient, simple structure, can alleviate tunnel entrance to a cave micro-pressure wave with short enlarged type section tunnel length, receive the restriction of tunnel entrance to a cave topography less.
4. The application an enlarged type tunnel device of high-speed railway tunnel entrance to a cave, enlarged type section tunnel sets up in tunnel entrance to a cave position, enlarged type section tunnel cross-sectional area is greater than the cross-sectional area in tunnel, enlarged type section tunnel and tunnel are connected through tubaeform pilot tunnel, and then reduce the pressure change rate of pressure wave through enlarged type section tunnel and tunnel juncture, cooperate enlarged type section tunnel and set up the rib formula amortization structure on enlarged type section tunnel inner wall simultaneously, make the cross-sectional area in the enlarged type section tunnel constantly change along its axial, when the pressure wave is through enlarged type section tunnel, because clearance cross-sectional area in the enlarged type section tunnel constantly changes along its axial, the pressure wave can produce inflation and contraction effect in the region that each first chamber section or rib formula amortization structure enclose, with the energy that reduces the pressure wave, thereby reduce initial compression wave and tunnel entrance to a cave slight atmospheric pressure wave.
5. According to the design method of the enlarged tunnel device for the tunnel portal of the high-speed railway, the pressure wave P passing through the enlarged section tunnel can be accurately obtained based on the pressure wave depressurization model, the structural parameters and the arrangement parameters of the rib type silencing structure are reversely determined based on the target percentage, and the whole calculation is simple and practical.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view (without trumpet-shaped pilot tunnel) of an enlarged tunnel device structure of a tunnel portal of a high-speed railway.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a ribbed silencing structure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural front view of an enlarged tunnel device of a tunnel portal of a high-speed railway according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a side view and sectional schematic view of the structure of the enlarged tunnel device of the tunnel portal of the high-speed railway.
Fig. 5 is a sectional plan view of an enlarged tunnel device for a tunnel portal of a high speed railway according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view (polygonal with arc shape) of the ribbed silencing structure of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a perspective view (with trumpet-shaped pilot tunnel) of the enlarged tunnel device structure of the tunnel portal of the high-speed railway of the invention.
Icon: 1-a tunnel; 2-expanding the section tunnel; 3-a rib type silencing structure; 4-a first cavity section; 5-a second cavity section; 6-trumpet pilot tunnel.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the enlarged tunnel device for a tunnel portal of a high-speed railway according to the present embodiment includes an enlarged tunnel 2 connected to a port of the standard tunnel 1; the cross-sectional area of the enlarged cross-section tunnel 2 is larger than that of the standard cross-section tunnel 1, at least two rib type noise reduction structures 3 are arranged on the inner wall of the enlarged cross-section tunnel 2, the rib type noise reduction structures 3 are arranged along the cross section of the enlarged cross-section tunnel 2, the at least two rib type noise reduction structures 3 are arranged along the axial direction of the enlarged cross-section tunnel 2 at intervals, all the rib type noise reduction structures 3 divide the enlarged cross-section tunnel 2 into a plurality of first cavity sections 4 along the axial direction, and a second cavity section 5 is enclosed at each rib type noise reduction structure 3.
In the above scheme, the clearance area of the cross section of the first cavity section 4 and the clearance area of the cross section of the second cavity section 5 are both larger than the clearance area of the cross section of the standard section tunnel 1.
The large-scale section tunnel 2 is formed by pouring concrete, and the rib type noise reduction structure 3 is formed by pouring light concrete.
Light concrete placement has fine sound absorption for rib formula amortization structure 3 not only can reduce initial compression ripples and the little atmospheric pressure ripples of tunnel entrance to a cave, can reduce the noise when train passes through the tunnel entrance to a cave moreover.
The equal-section arrangement of the large-scale section tunnel 2 is realized, and the clearance area of the large-scale section tunnel 2 is 1.3-1.5 times of that of the standard section tunnel 1.
The length of the tunnel 2 with the enlarged cross section is 20-30 m.
The cross section of the rib type noise reduction structure 3 is rectangular or polygonal with arc.
The width of the rib type noise reduction structure 3 along the axial direction of the tunnel is 0.3-0.5 m.
The sectional area of the rib type silencing structure 3 perpendicular to the axial direction of the tunnel is 10% -20% of the clearance area of the enlarged section tunnel 2.
More specifically, an enlarged section tunnel 2 is additionally arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the standard section tunnel 1; enlarged section tunnel 2's inside set up a plurality of rib formula sound-absorbing structure 3, enlarged section tunnel 2 is formed by ordinary C30 ~ C40 concrete placement, rib formula sound-absorbing structure 3 is formed by light sound-absorbing concrete placement, enlarged section tunnel 2's headroom is 1.3~1.5 times of standard section tunnel 1, and length is 20~30m enlarged section tunnel 2's inside arrangement rib formula sound-absorbing structure 3, rib formula sound-absorbing structure 3's cross-section 3 is rectangle or arc, rib formula sound-absorbing structure 3 is on a parallel with the width of tunnel axis direction and is 0.3~0.5m, rib formula sound-absorbing structure 3 is perpendicular to tunnel axis direction's sectional area do enlarged section 10% ~20%, rib formula sound-absorbing structure 3 hoop is arranged at the full section in equal section enlarged section in section, vertically evenly arranges in enlarged section tunnel 2.
On the basis, in a further preferable mode, as shown in fig. 7, the enlarged depressurization buffering device for the tunnel portal of the high-speed railway further comprises a trumpet-shaped pilot tunnel 6, a large-opening end of the trumpet-shaped pilot tunnel 6 is connected with the enlarged section tunnel 2, and a small-opening end of the trumpet-shaped pilot tunnel 6 is used for connecting with a port of the standard section tunnel 1.
Specifically, the axial length of the flared guide hole 6 is 5-10 m, and the cross section of the flared guide hole 6 changes linearly along the axial direction.
An enlarged tunnel device of high-speed railway tunnel entrance to a cave, enlarged section tunnel 2 sets up in tunnel entrance to a cave position, enlarged section tunnel 2 cross-sectional area is greater than standard section tunnel 1's cross-sectional area, enlarged section tunnel 2 is connected through tubaeform pilot tunnel 6 with standard section tunnel 1, and then reduce the pressure wave through the pressure change rate of enlarged section tunnel 2 and 1 juncture of standard section tunnel, cooperate enlarged section tunnel 2 simultaneously and set up rib formula sound-damping structure 3 on enlarged section tunnel 2 inner wall, make the clearance cross-sectional area in enlarged section tunnel 2 along its axial constantly change, when the pressure wave is through enlarged section tunnel 2, because the clearance cross-sectional area in enlarged section tunnel 2 is along its axial constantly change, the pressure wave can produce inflation and contraction effect in the region that each first chamber section 4 or rib formula sound-damping structure 3 enclose, with the energy of reducing the pressure wave, thereby reduce initial compression wave and tunnel entrance to a cave slight pressure wave.
The enlarged tunnel device of the tunnel portal of the high-speed railway described in this embodiment, the release principle of the pressure gradient is as follows: separate into a plurality of first chamber sections 4 through rib formula sound-absorbing structure 3 with enlarged section tunnel 2, because rib formula sound-absorbing structure 3 has thickness, rib formula sound-absorbing structure 3 sets up along 1 cross section in standard section tunnel, so rib formula sound-absorbing structure 3 department encloses into in its thickness scope has second chamber section 5, 4 cross section headroom in first chamber section are different with 5 cross section headroom in second chamber section, make the headroom area in enlarged section tunnel 2 constantly change along its axial, when the pressure wave was through enlarged section tunnel 2, because headroom area in enlarged section tunnel 2 constantly changes along its axial, the pressure wave can produce expansion and contraction effect in the region that each first chamber section 4 or rib formula sound-absorbing structure 3 enclose to reduce the energy of pressure wave, thereby reduce initial compression wave and tunnel entrance to a little atmospheric pressure wave.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment:
1. an enlarged tunnel device of high-speed railway tunnel entrance to a cave be provided with two at least rib formula sound-absorbing structure 3 on enlarged section tunnel 2's the inner wall, rib formula sound-absorbing structure 3 sets up along 1 cross section in standard section tunnel, at least two rib formula sound-absorbing structure 3 follows enlarged section tunnel 2 axial interval sets up, separates into a plurality of first chamber sections 4 with enlarged section tunnel 2 through rib formula sound-absorbing structure 3, because rib formula sound-absorbing structure 3 has thickness, rib formula sound-absorbing structure 3 sets up along 1 cross section in standard section tunnel, so rib formula sound-absorbing structure 3 department encloses into in its thickness scope has second chamber section 5, first chamber section 4 cross section headroom is different with 5 cross section headroom in the second chamber section for empty cross section area in enlarged section tunnel 2 constantly changes along its axial, when the pressure wave passes enlarged section tunnel 2, because empty cross section area in enlarged section tunnel 2 constantly changes along its axial, can be in each first chamber section 4 or 3 encloses into the regional internal expansion of energy of amortization and the compression cavity with the initial pressure wave reduction in order to reduce pressure wave, thereby.
2. According to the enlarged tunnel device for the tunnel portal of the high-speed railway, the equal-section enlarged ribbed large-section tunnel 2 is arranged at the tunnel inlet and the tunnel outlet, so that initial compression waves and pressure change rate generated when a train enters the tunnel can be effectively reduced, the peak value of micro-pressure waves at the tunnel portal is reduced, and the influence of the peak value on the surrounding environment is reduced;
3. the application an enlarged tunnel device of high-speed railway tunnel entrance to a cave implement convenient, simple structure, can alleviate tunnel entrance to a cave micro-pressure wave with 2 length in short enlarged type section tunnel, receive the restriction of tunnel entrance to a cave topography less.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, a design method described in this embodiment is applied to an enlarged tunnel device of a tunnel portal of a high-speed railway described in embodiment 1, and specifically includes the following steps:
comprises the following steps:
A1. drawing up the ratio of the clearance area of the cross section of the first cavity section 4 to the clearance area of the cross section of the second cavity section 5, and comparing the clearance area ratio of the cross section of the first cavity section 4 to the clearance area of the cross section of the second cavity section 5 with the pressure gradient P of the pressure wave when the train just enters the enlarged cross-section tunnel 2 1 And pressure wave velocity v 1 Inputting the pressure wave depressurization model, so that the pressure wave depressurization model outputs the pressure P after the pressure wave passes through the enlarged cross-section tunnel 2;
A2. the pressure wave depressurization model outputs the pressure gradient P after the pressure wave passes through the enlarged cross-section tunnel 2 and the pressure gradient P when the train just enters the enlarged cross-section tunnel 2 1 By comparison, the percent pressure gradient decrease W is obtained, after which,
when W is more than or equal to W, obtaining the final structural parameters and arrangement parameters of the rib-type silencing structure 3 based on the ratio of the clearance areas of the cross sections of the first cavity section 4 and the second cavity section 5;
when W < [ W ], adjusting the ratio of the clearance area of the cross sections of the first cavity section 4 and the second cavity section 5, and repeating the steps S1 and S2 until W is more than or equal to [ W ], wherein [ W ] is a target percentage, and the specific value is determined according to an engineering actual target.
Specifically, the pressure wave depressurization model is specifically:
M a ＝v/c
T＝T 1 ×T 2 ×...×T i ×...×T n
in the formula, M a The Mach number of the train is shown in the formula, v is the speed of the train, c is the local sound velocity, and 340m/s is taken here; s1 is the ratio of the clearance area of the cross section of the second cavity section 5 to the clearance area of the cross section of the first cavity section 4; s2, the ratio of the clearance area of the cross section of the first cavity section 4 to the clearance area of the cross section of the second cavity section 5 is obtained; t is a Is a transfer matrix of pressure waves propagating from the first cavity segment 4 to the second cavity segment 5; t is b Is a transfer matrix of the pressure wave as it propagates from the second cavity segment 5 to the first cavity segment 4; ti is a pressure transmission matrix when the pressure wave is transmitted from the ith cavity section to the (i + 1) th cavity section, and if the clearance area of the cross section is reduced when the pressure wave is transmitted from the ith cavity section to the (i + 1) th cavity section, the Ti is expressed by a formula T a Carry out calculation, otherwise press T b Calculating; p 1 The pressure gradient of the pressure wave when the train just enters the tunnel 2 with the enlarged cross section; v. of 1 The velocity of the pressure wave when the train just enters the enlarged cross-section tunnel 2；P 2 For the pressure gradient, v, of the pressure wave after the passage through the tunnel 2 2 Is the velocity of the pressure wave after it has passed through the enlarged cross-sectional tunnel 2.
The target percentage is 40-45%.
Specifically, the precondition of the design method is as follows: the flow of the pressure wave in the tunnel 2 with the enlarged cross section is assumed to be equi-entropy wave transmission, i.e. no mechanical energy is lost in the process of the pressure wave propagation. The cross section of the tunnel 2 with the enlarged cross section is approximately regarded as a circle or a semicircle, and the condition of mass continuity is obtained by keeping the product of the density and the volume velocity unchanged:
when a pressure wave propagates from the first cavity section 4 to the second cavity section 5, it passes through the matrix T a As shown in equation 1:
in the formula: m a The Mach number of the train is calculated by the following formula, wherein v is the speed of the train, c is the local sound velocity, and 340m/s is taken;
S 1 the ratio of the cross-sectional clearance area of the second cavity section 5 to the cross-sectional clearance area of the first cavity section 4; let the equivalent diameter of the first cavity section 4 be D 1 Equivalent area is S h1 The equivalent diameter of the second cavity section 5 is D 2 Equivalent area is S h2 Then S1= S h2 /S h1 ＝D 2 2 /D 1 2 。
When a pressure wave propagates from the second cavity segment 5 to the first cavity segment 4, its transfer matrix T b As shown in equation 2:
in the formula: m is a group of a The Mach number of the train is shown in the formula, v is the speed of the train, c is the local sound velocity, and 340m/s is taken here; s 2 Is the area ratio of the cross section of the first cavity section 4 to the cross section of the second cavity section 5 with small section(ii) a Let the equivalent diameter of the first cavity section 4 be D 3 Equivalent area is S h3 The equivalent diameter of the first small-section cavity section 4 is D 4 Area is S h4 Then S is 2 ＝S h3 /S h4 ＝D 3 2 /D 4 2 。
After the pressure wave passes through the whole enlarged cross-section tunnel 2, the pressure and velocity relationship between the inlet and the outlet can be converted into a transfer matrix [ T ], and the calculation formula of the transfer matrix is shown in formula 3:
T＝T 1 ×T 2 ×...×T i ×...×T n 3
in the formula, T i For the pressure transmission matrix when the pressure wave is transmitted from the i-th cavity section to the i + 1-th cavity section, if the clearance area of the cross section is reduced (from the first cavity section 4 to the second cavity section 5) when the pressure wave is transmitted from the i-th cavity section to the i + 1-th cavity section, T is i According to formula T a Carry out calculation, otherwise press T b And (6) performing calculation.
Finally, the pressure and velocity of the pressure wave after passing through the enlarged cross-sectional tunnel 2 can be calculated by equation 4:
in the formula, P 1 The pressure gradient of the pressure wave when the train just enters the tunnel 2 with the enlarged cross section; v. of 1 The speed of the pressure wave when the train just enters the tunnel 2 with the enlarged cross section; p 2 For the pressure gradient, v, after the pressure wave has passed through the tunnel 2 2 For the velocity of the pressure wave after passing through the tunnel 2
The application the design method for the enlarged tunnel device of the tunnel portal of the high-speed railway can accurately obtain the pressure P of the pressure wave passing through the enlarged section tunnel 2 based on the pressure wave pressure reduction model, and reversely determine the structural parameters and the layout parameters of the rib type silencing structure 3 based on the target percentage, and the whole calculation is simple and practical.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a design method described in this embodiment is applied to an enlarged tunnel device of a tunnel portal of a high-speed railway described in embodiment 1, and is specifically described by using test examples: arranging enlarged cross-section tunnels 2 at the entrance and the exit of the tunnel, wherein the clearance area of the enlarged cross-section tunnels 2 is 1.5 times of that of the tunnel, the enlarged cross-section tunnels are in a uniform cross-section form, the length of the enlarged cross-section tunnels is 20m, and the enlarged cross-section tunnels 2 are formed by pouring common C30 concrete;
a plurality of rib type noise reduction structures 3 are arranged in the enlarged section tunnel 2 and are formed by pouring light sound absorption concrete, and the cross section of each rib type noise reduction structure is rectangular or arc; the width of the ribbed plate of the ribbed silencing structure 3 parallel to the axial direction of the tunnel is 1m, and the sectional area perpendicular to the axial direction of the tunnel is 40m 2 The rib plates of the rib type noise reduction structure 3 are arranged on the full section in the enlarged section tunnel 2, and are evenly arranged at the positions 6 in the enlarged section tunnel 2 in the longitudinal direction.
The cross-sectional area S1= S4=150m of the large-section first cavity section 4 of the equal-section enlarged ribbed large-section tunnel 2 2 (ii) a Cross-sectional area S of the first small-section cavity section 4 2 ＝S 3 ＝110m 2 ；M a =111.111/360=0.3268m/s; the conversion matrix is obtained by calculation as follows:
6 rib formula amortization structures 3 are evenly arranged in the constant cross section expanding type tunnel section, and the pressure wave is expanded and reduced 6 times respectively when propagating in expanding type section tunnel 2, and the computational formula of the transmission matrix that obtains by calculation is:
substituting the above result into equation 4 can result in:
taking the pressure gradient P when the train just enters the tunnel 2 with the enlarged section 1 =20000Pa/s, the vehicle speed v =111.111m/s, and the pressure gradient of the pressure wave after passing through the enlarged cross-sectional tunnel 2 is calculated to be 10565Pa, which is reduced by 47.18%>45 percent, the enlarged tunnel device of the tunnel portal of the high-speed railway is designed according to the scheme, and meanwhile, the tunnel 2 with the enlarged section adopted by the invention can well reduce the initial compression wave in the tunnel and also can reduce the micro-pressure wave at the tunnel exit.
The invention can achieve better slowing effect by using shorter length of the enlarged section tunnel 2, so that the enlarged section tunnel 2 occupies small longitudinal space, can fully utilize the stability and vegetation of the original ground surface of the tunnel portal and is less limited by the terrain of the portal. And the invention adopts cast-in-place structure, the waterproof performance and the integrity of the structure are better, and the damage is not easy.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A design method of an enlarged tunnel device for a tunnel portal of a high-speed railway is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the expanded tunnel device of the tunnel portal of the high-speed railway comprises an expanded section tunnel (2) connected with a port of a standard section tunnel (1); the cross section area of the enlarged cross-section tunnel (2) is larger than that of the standard cross-section tunnel (1), at least two rib type noise reduction structures (3) are arranged on the inner wall of the enlarged cross-section tunnel (2), the rib type noise reduction structures (3) are arranged along the cross section of the enlarged cross-section tunnel (2), at least two rib type noise reduction structures (3) are axially arranged along the enlarged cross-section tunnel (2) at intervals, all the rib type noise reduction structures (3) divide the enlarged cross-section tunnel (2) into a plurality of first cavity sections (4) along the axial direction, and a second cavity section (5) is enclosed at each rib type noise reduction structure (3);
the design method comprises the following steps:
A1. drawing up the ratio of the clearance area of the cross section of the first cavity section (4) to the clearance area of the cross section of the second cavity section (5), and comparing the clearance area ratio of the cross section of the first cavity section (4) to the clearance area of the cross section of the second cavity section (5) with the pressure gradient P of the pressure wave when the train just enters the enlarged cross-section tunnel (2) 1 And pressure wave velocity v 1 Inputting the pressure wave decompression model, so that the pressure wave decompression model outputs a pressure P after the pressure wave passes through the enlarged cross-section tunnel (2);
A2. the pressure wave depressurization model outputs a pressure gradient P after the pressure wave passes through the enlarged section tunnel (2) and a pressure gradient P when the train just enters the enlarged section tunnel (2) 1 By comparison, the percent pressure gradient decrease W is obtained, after which,
when W is more than or equal to [ W ], obtaining the final structural parameters and arrangement parameters of the rib-type silencing structure (3) based on the ratio of the clearance areas of the cross sections of the first cavity section (4) and the second cavity section (5);
when W < [ W ], adjusting the ratio of the clearance areas of the cross sections of the first cavity section (4) and the second cavity section (5), and repeating the steps S1 and S2 until W is more than or equal to [ W ], wherein [ W ] is a target percentage, and the specific value is determined according to an engineering actual target;
the pressure wave decompression model specifically comprises the following steps:
in the formula, M a The Mach number of the train is shown in the formula, v is the speed of the train, c is the local sound velocity, and 340m/s is taken here; s. the 1 The ratio of the cross-sectional clearance of the second cavity section (5) to the cross-sectional clearance of the first cavity section (4); s 2 The ratio of the clearance area of the first cavity section (4) to the clearance area of the second cavity section (5); t is a Is a transfer matrix for the propagation of pressure waves from the first cavity section (4) to the second cavity section (5); t is b Is a transfer matrix of the pressure wave as it propagates from the second cavity segment (5) to the first cavity segment (4); t is i For the pressure transmission matrix when the pressure wave is transmitted from the ith cavity section to the (i + 1) th cavity section, if the clearance area of the cross section is reduced when the pressure wave is transmitted from the ith cavity section to the (i + 1) th cavity section, the T is i According to formula T a Carry out calculation, otherwise press T b Calculating; p 1 The pressure gradient of the pressure wave when the train just enters the enlarged section tunnel (2); v. of 1 The speed of the pressure wave is the speed of the pressure wave when the train just enters the enlarged section tunnel (2); p 2 For the pressure gradient, v, of the pressure wave after the passage through the tunnel (2) 2 Is the velocity of the pressure wave after passing through the enlarged cross-section tunnel (2).
2. The method for designing an enlarged tunnel device for a tunnel portal of a high-speed railway according to claim 1, wherein: the expanded large-sized section tunnel (2) is formed by pouring concrete, and the rib type silencing structure (3) is formed by pouring lightweight concrete.
3. The method for designing an enlarged tunnel device for a tunnel portal of a high-speed railway according to claim 1, wherein: the enlarged cross section tunnel (2) is arranged in a uniform cross section mode, and the clearance area of the enlarged cross section tunnel (2) is 1.3 to 1.5 times of that of the standard cross section tunnel (1).
4. The method for designing an enlarged tunnel device for a tunnel portal of a high-speed railway according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the large-scale section tunnel (2) is 20 to 30m.
5. The method for designing an enlarged tunnel device for a tunnel portal of a high-speed railway according to claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the rib type noise reduction structure (3) is rectangular or polygonal with arc.
6. The method for designing an enlarged tunnel device for a tunnel portal of a high-speed railway according to claim 1, wherein: the width of the rib type noise reduction structure (3) along the axial direction of the tunnel is 0.3 to 0.5m.
7. The method for designing an enlarged tunnel device for a tunnel portal of a high-speed railway according to claim 1, wherein: the cross section area of the rib type noise reduction structure (3) perpendicular to the axial direction of the tunnel is 10% -20% of the clearance area of the enlarged section tunnel (2).
8. A method of designing an enlarged tunnel installation for a tunnel portal of a high speed railway according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the tunnel type tunnel expansion device is characterized by further comprising a horn-shaped pilot hole (6), the large-opening end of the horn-shaped pilot hole (6) is connected with the large-section tunnel (2), and the small-opening end of the horn-shaped pilot hole (6) is used for being connected with the port of the standard section tunnel (1).
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| JP4302086B2 (en) * | 2005-09-28 | 2009-07-22 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Tunnel wellhead structure and shock absorber |
| CN201738254U (en) * | 2010-08-09 | 2011-02-09 | 中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Buffering structure for buffering micro-pressure wave at high-speed railway tunnel portal |
| JP2017031734A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2017-02-09 | 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 | Tunnel entrance buffer work |
| CN205823292U (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-12-21 | 中铁西南科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of Railway Tunnel microbarometric wave alleviates device |
| CN207944965U (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-10-09 | 鲍润全 | A kind of railway tunnel micro-pressure wave buffer structure |
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