CN114351188B - Method and device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water and capturing carbon dioxide - Google Patents

Method and device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water and capturing carbon dioxide Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114351188B
CN114351188B CN202210020204.6A CN202210020204A CN114351188B CN 114351188 B CN114351188 B CN 114351188B CN 202210020204 A CN202210020204 A CN 202210020204A CN 114351188 B CN114351188 B CN 114351188B
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electrolytic tank
cathode
electrolysis
carbon dioxide
anode
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CN114351188A (en
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王永兴
孙文静
周安娜
段潍超
张婷婷
王嘉玮
原媛
欧阳振宇
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Qingdao Zhongshi Environment And Safety Technology Center Co ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/151—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2

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  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for combining electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen and capture carbon dioxide, which utilize an electrolysis technology to form an acid solution and an alkali solution under the action of a salt bridge, the alkaline solution adsorbs flue gas (carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide) after dust removal, then air is introduced, sulfite is oxidized into sulfate radical, the influence of sulfur dioxide on a system is removed, and then the acidic solution generated by an anode environment is utilized to neutralize, so that the carbon dioxide is released. The invention utilizes the oxidation of air to solve SO 2 For CO 2 The trapping process is influenced, so that the trapping process of carbon dioxide in the flue gas is not influenced by particulate matters and sulfur dioxide; oxygen and green energy hydrogen are generated by utilizing electrolyzed water, and energy supplemented in the solvent regeneration process is reasonably utilized; and the electrolysis process can utilize green electricity (solar power generation/wind power generation and the like), so that the emission of indirect carbon dioxide in the regeneration process is avoided.

Description

Method and device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water and capturing carbon dioxide
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a device for capturing carbon dioxide, in particular to a method and a device for capturing carbon dioxide while electrolyzing water, belonging to the technical field of environmental protection gas treatment.
Background
With the development of worldwide industrial economies, resources and environmental problems caused by carbon emissions have attracted worldwide attention, while carbon dioxide has been shown to be a major cause of global warming. To cope with global climate change, the reduction of carbon emissions has become a new consensus worldwide and a "new normalcy" of world economy. Based on the above, china also provides a '3060' target of carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization, and the first step for realizing the target is capturing and separating carbon dioxide; meanwhile, along with the development of hydrogen energy, the technology of hydrogen production by water electrolysis is one of the main ways of obtaining hydrogen.
However, the existing carbon dioxide trapping process is complex in process and strict in application condition, meanwhile, the trapping of the flue gas is always a difficult point due to the fact that sulfur dioxide and particulate matters in the flue gas are used as main impurities, the concentration of the flue gas and the like, and meanwhile, the large amount of energy in the regeneration process is also one of the reasons for restricting the development of the carbon trapping technology; meanwhile, the current water electrolysis hydrogen production process generally mainly aims at producing hydrogen, and the potential of solution change existing in the electrolysis process cannot be fully utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing carbon dioxide trapping process and the existing water electrolysis hydrogen production process, the invention provides a method and a device for combining water electrolysis hydrogen production with carbon dioxide trapping.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water and capturing carbon dioxide, comprising the following steps:
(1) Electrolyzed water: injecting the same electrolyte into a cathode electrolytic tank and an anode electrolytic tank, communicating the two electrolytic tanks through a salt bridge, switching on a power supply for starting electrolysis of the cathode and the anode, generating hydrogen in the cathode electrolytic tank, changing the solution into an alkaline solution, generating oxygen in the anode electrolytic tank, changing the solution into an acidic solution, and collecting the generated hydrogen and oxygen respectively;
(2)CO 2 and SO 2 Is absorbed by: the flue gas is introduced into a cathode electrolytic tank after dust removal, and CO in the flue gas 2 And SO 2 Is absorbed by alkaline solution in the cathode electrolytic tank until absorption is saturated, and the smoke and CO are stopped being introduced 2 And SO 2 Formation of HCO respectively 3 - And SO 3 2- ；
(3) Air oxidation: air is blown into the cathode electrolytic tank, and SO is carried out by oxygen 3 2- Oxidation to SO 4 2- Dissolving in electrolyte to make SO in fume 2 Is completely absorbed;
(4) Release of carbon dioxide: mixing alkaline solution in cathode electrolytic tank and acidic solution in anode electrolytic tank, neutralizing, and absorbing CO 2 Is released and the trapped CO is collected 2 。
Further, the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfate or nitrate, preferably, the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfate, more preferably, the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate or ammonium sulfate, most preferably, the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate or ammonium sulfate, and the concentration is 1-5mol/L.
Further, the cathode and the anode are both inert electrodes, preferably, the cathode and the anode are both graphite electrodes.
The method provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) Uses the oxidation of air to solve SO 2 For CO 2 The trapping process is influenced, so that the trapping process of carbon dioxide in the flue gas is not influenced by particulate matters and sulfur dioxide;
2) Oxygen and green energy hydrogen are generated by utilizing electrolyzed water, and energy supplemented in the solvent regeneration process is reasonably utilized; the electrolysis process can utilize green electricity (solar power generation/wind power generation and the like), so that the emission of intermediate carbon dioxide in the regeneration process is avoided;
3) The absorption and the analysis of the carbon dioxide are realized by utilizing the solution acid-base alternation process, and the heat release in the neutralization reaction process is more beneficial to CO 2 Is analyzed;
4) Combining the process of electrolysis of water with CO 2 The trapping process is combined, the reaction principle is simple and easy to realize, and the continuous trapping and releasing of the flue gas can be realized by intermittent operation of multiple groups of reactions.
The invention also claims a device for realizing the method for capturing the carbon dioxide by combining the electrolyzed water, which comprises an electrolysis device, a gas collecting device, a neutralization release tank and a gas blowing device;
the electrolysis device comprises an anode electrolysis cell, a cathode electrolysis cell, an anode, a cathode, a salt bridge and a power supply, wherein electrolyte is filled in the anode electrolysis cell and the cathode electrolysis cell, the anode and the cathode are respectively arranged in the electrolyte in the anode electrolysis cell and the cathode electrolysis cell, the anode and the cathode are electrically connected with the power supply, and the electrolyte in the cathode electrolysis cell and the anode electrolysis cell is communicated through the salt bridge;
the gas collection device comprises a hydrogen collection device, an oxygen collection device and CO 2 The collecting device is arranged at the upper part of the cathode electrolytic tank, the oxygen collecting device is arranged at the upper part of the anode electrolytic tank, and the CO is obtained by the method that the hydrogen collecting device is arranged at the upper part of the cathode electrolytic tank 2 The collecting device is arranged at the upper part of the neutralization release tank;
the neutralization release tank is positioned below the anode electrolytic tank and the cathode electrolytic tank, the bottoms of the anode electrolytic tank and the cathode electrolytic tank are respectively communicated with the bottoms of the neutralization release tank through pipelines, and valves are arranged on the pipelines, which are communicated with the neutralization release tank, at the bottoms of the anode electrolytic tank and the cathode electrolytic tank;
the gas blowing device comprises a gas source and a dust removing facility, wherein the gas source is an air source or smoke, and the gas source is communicated with the bottom of the cathode electrolytic tank after passing through the dust removing facility.
Preferably, a water supplementing port is arranged at one side of the neutralization and release tank.
Preferably, the anode and the cathode are both inert electrodes, preferably, the anode and the cathode are both graphite electrodes.
Preferably, the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfate or nitrate, preferably, the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfate, more preferably, the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate or ammonium sulfate, most preferably, the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of 1-5mol/L sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate or ammonium sulfate, preferably 1-3mol/L.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the device of the present invention;
1. an electrolysis device; 2. a neutralization release tank; 3. a gas blowing device; 4. an anode electrolytic cell; 5. a cathode electrolytic cell; 6. an anode; 7. a cathode; 8. a salt bridge; 9. a power supply; 10. a hydrogen collection device; 11. an oxygen collection device; 12. CO 2 A collecting device; 13. a gas source; 14. a dust removal facility; 15. and (5) water supplementing.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present invention are described below in connection with examples, which are set forth only to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a device for realizing the method for capturing carbon dioxide by combining electrolyzed water comprises an electrolysis device 1, a gas collecting device, a neutralization release tank 2 and a gas bubbling device 3;
the electrolysis device comprises an anode electrolysis tank 4, a cathode electrolysis tank 5, an anode 6, a cathode 7, a salt bridge 8 and a power supply 9, electrolyte is filled in the anode electrolysis tank and the cathode electrolysis tank, the anode and the cathode are respectively arranged in the electrolyte in the anode electrolysis tank and the cathode electrolysis tank, the anode and the cathode are graphite electrodes, the anode and the cathode are electrically connected with the power supply, and the electrolyte in the cathode electrolysis tank and the anode electrolysis tank are communicated through the salt bridge;
the gas collection device comprises a hydrogen collection device 10, an oxygen collection device 11 and CO 2 A collecting device 12, a hydrogen collecting device is arranged at the upper part of the cathode electrolytic tank, an oxygen collecting device is arranged at the upper part of the anode electrolytic tank, and CO 2 Collecting containerThe neutralization release tank is arranged at the upper part of the neutralization release tank;
the neutralization release tank is positioned below the anode electrolytic tank and the cathode electrolytic tank, the bottoms of the anode electrolytic tank and the cathode electrolytic tank are respectively communicated with the bottoms of the neutralization release tank through pipelines, valves are arranged on the pipelines, communicated with the neutralization release tank, of the bottoms of the anode electrolytic tank and the cathode electrolytic tank, and a water supplementing port 15 is arranged on one side of the neutralization release tank and used for supplementing water consumed by electrolysis.
The gas blowing device comprises a gas source 13 and a dust removing facility 14, wherein the gas source is an air source or flue gas, and the gas source is communicated with the bottom of the cathode electrolytic cell after passing through the dust removing facility.
The method for combining electrolysis water and carbon dioxide capture by using the device comprises the following steps:
(1) Electrolyzed water: injecting the same electrolyte into a cathode electrolytic tank and an anode electrolytic tank, wherein the electrolyte is 1-3mol/L sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate or ammonium sulfate water solution, the two water solutions are communicated through a salt bridge, a power supply is connected to the cathode and the anode to start electrolysis, hydrogen is generated in the cathode electrolytic tank, meanwhile, the solution of the hydrogen is changed into an alkaline solution, oxygen is generated in the anode electrolytic tank, meanwhile, the solution of the hydrogen is changed into an acidic solution, the generated hydrogen and oxygen are respectively collected, and the electrolysis is stopped when the pH value in the cathode electrolytic tank reaches more than 10;
(2)CO 2 and SO 2 Is absorbed by: the flue gas is introduced into a cathode electrolytic tank after dust removal, and CO in the flue gas 2 And SO 2 Is absorbed by alkaline solution in the cathode electrolytic tank until absorption is saturated, and the smoke is stopped to be fed into the cathode electrolytic tank to form HCO respectively 3 - And SO 3 2- ；
(3) Air oxidation: air is blown into the cathode electrolytic tank, and SO is carried out by oxygen 3 2- Oxidation to SO 4 2- Dissolving in electrolyte to make SO in fume 2 Is completely absorbed;
(4) Release of carbon dioxide: valves on a pipeline connected with the neutralization release tank at the bottoms of the cathode electrolytic tank and the anode electrolytic tank are opened, so that alkaline solution in the cathode electrolytic tank and acid solution in the anode electrolytic tank both flow into the neutralization tankNeutralization reaction occurs in the release tank, and absorbed CO 2 Is released by CO 2 The collecting device collects the trapped CO 2 。
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water and capturing carbon dioxide, comprising the following steps:
(1) Electrolyzed water: injecting the same electrolyte into the cathode electrolytic tank and the anode electrolytic tank, communicating the two electrolytic tanks through a salt bridge, starting electrolysis after the cathode and the anode are powered on, generating hydrogen in the cathode electrolytic tank, changing the solution into alkaline solution, generating oxygen in the anode electrolytic tank, changing the solution into acidic solution, collecting the generated hydrogen and oxygen respectively, and stopping electrolysis when the pH value in the cathode electrolytic tank reaches more than 10; (2) CO 2 And SO 2 Is absorbed by: the flue gas is introduced into a cathode electrolytic tank after dust removal, and CO in the flue gas 2 And SO 2 Is absorbed by alkaline solution in the cathode electrolytic tank until absorption is saturated, and the smoke and CO are stopped being introduced 2 And SO 2 Formation of HCO respectively 3 - And SO 3 2- ；
(3) Air oxidation: air is blown into the cathode electrolytic tank, and SO is carried out by oxygen 3 2- Oxidation to SO 4 2- Is dissolved in electrolyte to further lead SO in the flue gas 2 Is completely absorbed;
(4) Release of carbon dioxide: mixing alkaline solution in cathode electrolytic tank and acidic solution in anode electrolytic tank, neutralizing, and absorbing CO 2 Is released and the trapped CO is collected 2 。
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfate or nitrate.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, or ammonium sulfate.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cathode and anode are both inert electrodes.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the inert electrode is a graphite electrode.
CN202210020204.6A 2022-01-10 2022-01-10 Method and device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water and capturing carbon dioxide Active CN114351188B (en)

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WO2024016115A1 (en) * 2022-07-18 2024-01-25 国家电投集团科学技术研究院有限公司 Co2 capture and desorption apparatus and method

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