CN114351069A - Intermittent forging and heat treatment method for regulating and controlling near-beta titanium alloy deformation microtexture - Google Patents
Intermittent forging and heat treatment method for regulating and controlling near-beta titanium alloy deformation microtexture Download PDFInfo
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- CN114351069A CN114351069A CN202210090389.8A CN202210090389A CN114351069A CN 114351069 A CN114351069 A CN 114351069A CN 202210090389 A CN202210090389 A CN 202210090389A CN 114351069 A CN114351069 A CN 114351069A
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Abstract
An intermittent forging and heat treatment method for regulating and controlling a near-beta titanium alloy deformation microtexture comprises the following steps: heating the near-beta titanium alloy material to 40-60 ℃ above the transformation point, preserving heat to obtain a uniform structure, cooling the near-beta titanium alloy material in a furnace to 40-60 ℃ below the transformation point, preserving heat, and then axially drawing and forging the near-beta titanium alloy material to obtain a forging stock; returning the forging stock to a furnace, heating to 40-60 ℃ below the phase transition point, preserving heat, taking out after heat preservation, and performing air cooling treatment to obtain an intermittently heat-preserved forging stock; and heating the forging stock subjected to intermittent heat preservation from room temperature to 40-60 ℃ below the transformation point, carrying out axial upsetting deformation on the forging stock, and carrying out water cooling treatment after the deformation is finished. The invention utilizes the structure transformation characteristics and the interaction thereof in the alpha and beta two-phase thermal deformation process, accelerates the beta static and dynamic recrystallization transformation on the premise of realizing the complete equiaxial alpha, reduces the possibility of forming high-strength beta deformation microtexture, and improves the overall mechanical property of the material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of titanium alloy processing, in particular to an intermittent forging and heat treatment method for regulating and controlling a near-beta titanium alloy deformation microtexture.
Background
Near-beta alloys, such as Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al, Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr-1Zr, Ti-11.5Mo-1.5Sn-6Zr and the like, are typical high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloys, are made into various components and materials, such as forged pieces, die forged pieces, bars, profiles, thick plates, pipes and the like, due to excellent strength and good tensile plasticity and fracture toughness, and are concerned in the fields of aerospace, ships, automobiles and the like. The near-beta titanium alloy usually needs to be subjected to a multi-pass primary processing technology to refine the structure and obtain semi-finished products such as bars with specific target structures. The beta phase region forging and the (alpha + beta) two-phase region forging are the most typical primary processing technology, and are important for refining grains, weakening texture and obtaining materials with well-matched mechanical properties. However, the near- β titanium alloy exhibits strong dynamic recovery characteristics during hot deformation, and initial β grains are coarse, and the grain size thereof may reach several hundreds of micrometers, so that it is difficult to effectively refine the structure through simple deformation of a single phase region or a two phase region. Therefore, multiple fire passes, multiple process steps, multi-parameter deformation and heat treatment to promote beta recrystallization are often required to finally achieve texture weakening.
However, during the deformation process with multiple fire/pass, the beta recrystallized grains inherit the crystal orientation of the initial beta matrix to a certain extent, resulting in a significant orientation preference in the local area, i.e. the beta microtexture strength is high; in addition, a no-precipitation zone is easy to appear in the near-beta titanium alloy in the heat preservation process, namely the complex thermal loading path aggravates the uniformity of the beta-phase structure evolution, and the beta microtexture is also formed; moreover, high strength beta-strain microtexturing can degrade the flaw detection and fatigue performance of the alloy, thereby affecting service or subsequent processing.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides an intermittent forging and heat treatment method for regulating and controlling a near-beta titanium alloy deformation micro-texture, which can effectively avoid the formation of a high-strength beta deformation micro-texture and has important significance for improving the integral structure and mechanical property uniformity of a material.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides an intermittent forging and heat treatment method for regulating and controlling a near-beta titanium alloy deformation microtexture, which comprises the following steps:
s1, heating the near-beta titanium alloy material to 40-60 ℃ above the transformation point, preserving heat for 30-60 min to obtain a uniform structure with complete solid solution, controlling the temperature rise rate to be 5-10 ℃/S, cooling the furnace to 40-60 ℃ below the transformation point of the near-beta titanium alloy material after heat preservation, continuing preserving heat for 20-40 min, and then axially drawing and forging the near-beta titanium alloy material to obtain a forged blank;
s2, returning the forging stock to the furnace, heating to 40-60 ℃ below the phase transition point, preserving heat for 20-30 min, controlling the temperature rise rate to be 5-10 ℃/S, taking out for air cooling treatment after the heat preservation is finished, and obtaining the forging stock subjected to intermittent heat preservation;
s3, heating the forging stock subjected to intermittent heat preservation from room temperature to 90-100 ℃ below a transformation point, wherein the heating rate is 5-10 ℃/S, then continuously heating to 40-60 ℃ below the transformation point at the heating rate of 3-5 ℃/S, preserving heat for 3-5 min, after heat preservation is finished, axially upsetting and deforming the forging stock at the strain rate of 0.01-0.1/S, wherein the deformation is 60-70%, and immediately performing water cooling treatment after deformation is finished.
In a further preferable technical scheme of the invention, the near-beta titanium alloy material is a near-beta titanium alloy TB6 or a near-beta titanium alloy Ti-55531.
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific operation of the axial drawing forging process in step S1 is:
and (4) transferring the near-beta titanium alloy material subjected to secondary heat preservation in the step (S1) to a precision forging machine for axial drawing forging with small deformation, wherein the forging ratio is 1.8-2, and the finish forging temperature is 60-90 ℃ below the phase transformation point of the near-beta titanium alloy material, so as to obtain a forging stock subjected to axial drawing forging.
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, after step S2 and before step S3, the method further comprises the steps of:
a cylindrical sample is processed by wire cutting on the forging stock subjected to the intermittent heat preservation in the step S2, and the axial direction of the sample is consistent with the axial direction of the forging stock. Here, the forged material processed in step S3 described above after the addition of this step is the sample.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aspect ratio of the sample is controlled to 1.5.
In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, chamfers having a radius of 0.2mm are formed on both upper and lower end surfaces of the sample.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the forged blank is axially upset and deformed at a constant strain rate under isothermal conditions.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, isothermal axial upsetting is performed on the forged blank at a constant strain rate by a thermal/force simulation test machine.
The intermittent forging and heat treatment method for regulating the near-beta titanium alloy deformation microtexture can achieve the following beneficial effects by adopting the technical scheme:
1) according to the invention, through the matching of the axial drawing forging, intermittent heat preservation and axial upsetting forging processes, by utilizing the structure transformation characteristics and the interaction thereof in the alpha and beta two-phase thermal deformation process, the beta static and dynamic recrystallization transformation is accelerated on the premise of realizing the complete equiaxial alpha, so that the possibility of forming high-strength beta deformation microtexture is reduced, and the overall mechanical property of the material is further improved;
2) the invention avoids complicated and multi-sequence process flows, ensures the utilization rate and the production efficiency of the material by single fire/pass deformation, has low requirement on equipment, strong controllability and wide range of matched processing parameters, and shows great flexibility for regulating and controlling the material with a specific target tissue.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a comparison of the texture of a near-beta titanium alloy material TB6 provided in example 1 of the present invention after forging, wherein (a) is the texture of the raw material and (b) is the texture after forging in FIG. 1;
fig. 2 is a texture comparison diagram of a Ti-55531 near- β titanium alloy material and a forging process provided in the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) in fig. 2 is a texture diagram of a raw material, and (b) is a texture diagram after a forging process.
The objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. In the preferred embodiments, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "a" are used for clarity of description only, and are not used to limit the scope of the invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not changed or modified substantially without changing the technical content of the invention.
The invention provides an embodiment of an intermittent forging and heat treatment method for regulating and controlling a near-beta titanium alloy deformation micro-texture, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, axial drawing forging
Heating the near-beta titanium alloy material to 40-60 ℃ above the transformation point, and preserving heat for 30-60 min to obtain a uniform structure with complete solid solution, wherein the heating rate is controlled to be 5-10 ℃/s, after the heat preservation is finished, cooling the furnace to 40-60 ℃ below the transformation point of the near-beta titanium alloy material, and continuing preserving heat for 20-40 min;
transferring the near-beta titanium alloy material subjected to secondary heat preservation to a precision forging machine for small-deformation axial elongation forging, wherein the forging ratio is 1.8-2, and the finish forging temperature is 60-90 ℃ below the transformation point of the near-beta titanium alloy material, so as to obtain a forging blank subjected to axial elongation forging;
step 2, intermittent heat preservation
Returning the forging stock to a furnace, heating to 40-60 ℃ below the phase transition point, preserving heat for 20-30 min, controlling the temperature rise rate to be 5-10 ℃/s, taking out after heat preservation, and carrying out air cooling treatment to obtain an intermittently heat-preserved forging stock;
step 3, cutting out a sample
Machining a cylindrical sample on the obtained forging stock subjected to intermittent heat preservation by wire cutting, wherein the height-diameter ratio is controlled to be 1.5 (height/diameter), the axial direction of the sample is consistent with that of the forging stock, and chamfers with the radius of 0.2mm are respectively machined on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the sample;
step 4, axial upsetting
The method comprises the steps of carrying out isothermal axial upsetting at a constant strain rate by adopting a heat/force simulation testing machine, heating a sample from room temperature to 90-100 ℃ below a transformation point, wherein the temperature rise rate is 5-10 ℃/s, then continuously heating to 40-60 ℃ below the transformation point at the temperature rise rate of 3-5 ℃/s, carrying out heat preservation for 3-5 min, carrying out axial upsetting deformation on the sample at the strain rate of 0.01-0.1/s after the heat preservation is finished, wherein the deformation amount is 60-70%, and immediately carrying out water cooling treatment after the deformation is finished so as to finish the axial upsetting deformation of the sample.
It should be noted that the forged blank obtained in the above step 2 may be directly used for the axial upsetting in the step 4, or the forged blank obtained in the above step 2 may be cut in the step 3 to obtain a sample, and the sample may be used for the axial upsetting in the step 4. After the sample with the proper size is obtained in the step 3, the axial upsetting treatment in the step 4 is more convenient, and meanwhile, a heat/force simulation testing machine is conveniently used for carrying out corresponding processing operation.
The invention adopts the methods of axial drawing forging, intermittent heat preservation and axial upsetting, the main purpose of the axial drawing forging in the temperature range of the two-phase region of the material is to introduce an alpha lamella precipitated phase through solution-annealing two-stage heat treatment, the crushing and equiaxial transformation of the alpha phase of a fine lamella are promoted through the deformation of the two-phase region, the proportion of the alpha phase of fine grains is promoted, the uniform distribution of the alpha phase of fine grains in a matrix is realized, and simultaneously a large amount of substructures are accumulated in the beta matrix and the crystal orientation of the initial beta grains is disordered to a certain degree; by intermittent heat preservation treatment, a large amount of fine crystal alpha is taken as beta static recrystallization nucleation particles to accelerate beta phase static recrystallization, and the disorder degree of beta crystal grain orientation is further improved; the axial elongation leads to the formation of stronger beta-phase basal plane texture in a local area, the rotation of beta crystals is promoted and the strength of the beta basal plane texture is weakened through axial upsetting, and meanwhile, the proportion of beta dynamic recrystallization grains is increased in a structure with complete static recrystallization, so that the possibility of forming the beta micro texture is further reduced, and the regulation and control of the beta deformation micro texture are realized.
In order to make those skilled in the art further understand the technical contents of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail by way of specific embodiments.
Example 1
Step 1, axial drawing forging
Heating the TB6 near-beta titanium alloy material to 40 ℃ above the transformation point, and keeping the temperature for 60min, wherein the heating rate is controlled at 10 ℃/s, so as to obtain a uniform structure with complete solid solution; after the heat preservation is finished, cooling the furnace to 60 ℃ below the phase change point of the material, and continuing to preserve heat for 40 min; after the secondary heat preservation is finished, transferring the TB6 near-beta titanium alloy material to a precision forging machine for axial drawing forging with small deformation, wherein the forging ratio is 2, the finish forging temperature is below 90 ℃ of the transformation point of the material, and a TB6 forged blank subjected to axial drawing forging is obtained.
Step 2, intermittent heat preservation
And (3) returning and heating the TB6 forging stock to 60 ℃ below the phase transformation point, and keeping the temperature for 30min, wherein the temperature rise rate is controlled at 10 ℃/s. And taking out the forging stock for air cooling treatment after the heat preservation is finished, and obtaining the TB6 forging stock subjected to intermittent heat preservation.
Step 3, cutting out a sample
Machining a cylindrical sample on the TB6 forging stock subjected to intermittent heat preservation by wire cutting in the same axial direction, controlling the height-diameter ratio to be 1.5, and respectively machining chamfers with the radius of 0.2mm on the upper end face and the lower end face of the sample;
step 4, axial upsetting
Carrying out isothermal axial upsetting with constant strain rate on a heat/force simulation testing machine, heating the sample from room temperature to 100 ℃ below a transformation point, wherein the heating rate is 10 ℃/s; then, continuously heating to 60 ℃ below the phase transformation point at the temperature rise rate of 5 ℃/s and preserving heat for 5min to prevent temperature overshoot and balance the distribution of the internal temperature and the external temperature of the sample; after the heat preservation is finished, carrying out axial upsetting deformation on the sample at a strain rate of 0.01/s, wherein the deformation amount is 60%; and immediately carrying out water cooling treatment after the deformation is finished so as to finish the axial upsetting deformation of the sample.
And longitudinally cutting the upset sample, mechanically grinding and polishing, and analyzing the texture type and the strength of the central area of the sample by using a back scattering electron diffraction (EBSD) technology and Channel 5 software. The initial texture intensity distribution of the material is shown in fig. 1(a), and the texture intensity distribution of the material after forging treatment is shown in fig. 1(b), and it can be seen that the maximum strength value of the beta-phase microtexture in the initial structure is 10.97, and the strength of the beta microtexture in the forged structure is reduced to 4.51, which shows that the beta-deformation microtexture of TB6 is obviously weakened after the axial elongation forging-intermittent heat preservation-axial upsetting treatment, so the weakening of the texture intensity can improve the mechanical property of the material, i.e. the intermittent forging-heat treatment process of the present invention has significant superiority compared with the conventional forging process.
Example 2
Step 1, axial drawing forging
Heating the Ti-55531 near-beta titanium alloy material to 60 ℃ above the transformation point, preserving heat for 30 ℃, controlling the heating rate at 5 ℃/s to obtain a uniform structure with complete solid solution, cooling the furnace to 40 ℃ below the transformation point of the material after the heat preservation is finished, and continuing to preserve heat for 20 min; after the secondary heat preservation is finished, transferring the material to a finish forging machine for axial elongation forging with small deformation, wherein the forging ratio is 2, the finish forging temperature is 60 ℃ below the phase change point of the material, and obtaining a Ti-55531 forging blank subjected to axial elongation forging;
step 2, intermittent heat preservation
Returning the Ti-55531 forging stock to the furnace to heat to 40 ℃ below the phase transformation point and preserving heat for 20min, controlling the temperature rise rate at 5 ℃/s, taking out the forging stock after the heat preservation is finished and carrying out air cooling treatment to obtain the Ti-55531 forging stock subjected to intermittent heat preservation;
step 3, cutting out a sample
Machining a cylindrical sample on the obtained Ti-55531 forging stock subjected to intermittent heat preservation by wire cutting in the same axial direction, controlling the height-diameter ratio to be 1.5, and machining chamfers with the radius of 0.2mm on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the sample;
step 4, axial upsetting
Carrying out isothermal axial upsetting with constant strain rate on a heat/force simulation testing machine, heating the sample from room temperature to 100 ℃ below a transformation point, wherein the heating rate is 10 ℃/s; and then, continuously heating to 40 ℃ below the transformation point at the temperature rise rate of 5 ℃/s, preserving heat for 5min, preventing temperature overshoot, balancing the temperature distribution inside and outside the sample, axially upsetting and deforming the sample at the strain rate of 0.1/s after the heat preservation is finished, wherein the deformation is 70%, and immediately performing water cooling treatment after the deformation is finished so as to finish the axial upsetting and deforming of the sample.
And longitudinally cutting the upset sample, mechanically grinding and polishing, and analyzing the texture type and the strength of the central area of the sample by using a back scattering electron diffraction (EBSD) technology and Channel 5 software. The initial texture intensity distribution of the material is shown in fig. 2(a), and the texture intensity distribution of the material after forging treatment is shown in fig. 2(b), and it can be seen that the maximum intensity value of the beta-phase microtexture in the initial structure is 21.55, which shows significant orientation concentration, while the beta-phase microtexture intensity in the forged structure is reduced to 4.51, which improves the beta-phase crystal orientation dispersibility, which indicates that the beta-phase deformation microtexture of Ti-55531 is significantly weakened after axial elongation forging-intermittent heat preservation-axial upsetting treatment, so the weakening of the texture intensity can improve the mechanical property of the material, i.e. the intermittent forging-heat treatment process of the invention has significant superiority compared with the traditional forging process.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these are merely examples and that many variations or modifications may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. An intermittent forging and heat treatment method for regulating and controlling a near-beta titanium alloy deformation micro-texture is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, heating the near-beta titanium alloy material to 40-60 ℃ above the transformation point, preserving heat for 30-60 min to obtain a uniform structure with complete solid solution, controlling the temperature rise rate to be 5-10 ℃/S, cooling the furnace to 40-60 ℃ below the transformation point of the near-beta titanium alloy material after heat preservation, continuing preserving heat for 20-40 min, and then axially drawing and forging the near-beta titanium alloy material to obtain a forged blank;
s2, returning the forging stock to the furnace, heating to 40-60 ℃ below the phase transition point, preserving heat for 20-30 min, controlling the temperature rise rate to be 5-10 ℃/S, taking out for air cooling treatment after the heat preservation is finished, and obtaining the forging stock subjected to intermittent heat preservation;
s3, heating the forging stock subjected to intermittent heat preservation from room temperature to 90-100 ℃ below a transformation point, wherein the heating rate is 5-10 ℃/S, then continuously heating to 40-60 ℃ below the transformation point at the heating rate of 3-5 ℃/S, preserving heat for 3-5 min, after heat preservation is finished, axially upsetting and deforming the forging stock at the strain rate of 0.01-0.1/S, wherein the deformation is 60-70%, and immediately performing water cooling treatment after deformation is finished.
2. The intermittent forging and heat treatment method for regulating the deformation microtexture of the near-beta titanium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the near-beta titanium alloy material is TB6 near-beta titanium alloy or Ti-55531 near-beta titanium alloy.
3. The batch forging and heat treatment method for regulating and controlling the deformation microtexture of the near-beta titanium alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein the specific operation of the axial elongation forging treatment in the step S1 is as follows:
and (4) transferring the near-beta titanium alloy material subjected to secondary heat preservation in the step (S1) to a precision forging machine for axial drawing forging with small deformation, wherein the forging ratio is 1.8-2, and the finish forging temperature is 60-90 ℃ below the phase transformation point of the near-beta titanium alloy material, so as to obtain a forging stock subjected to axial drawing forging.
4. The batch forging and heat treatment method for regulating the deformation microtexture of the near-beta titanium alloy according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps after step S2 and before step S3:
a cylindrical sample is processed by wire cutting on the forging stock subjected to the intermittent heat preservation in the step S2, and the axial direction of the sample is consistent with the axial direction of the forging stock.
5. The batch forging and heat treatment method for regulating and controlling the deformation microtexture of the near-beta titanium alloy according to claim 4, wherein the aspect ratio of the sample is 1.5.
6. The intermittent forging and heat treatment method for regulating the deformation microtexture of the near-beta titanium alloy as claimed in claim 5, wherein chamfers with the radius of 0.2mm are respectively processed on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the sample.
7. The batch forging and heat treatment method for regulating the deformation microtexture of the near-beta titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the forging stock is axially upset and deformed at a constant strain rate and isothermal condition.
8. The batch forging and heat treatment method for regulating and controlling the deformation microtexture of the near-beta titanium alloy according to claim 7, wherein in the step S3, isothermal axial upsetting with constant strain rate is performed on the forging stock through a heat/force simulation testing machine.
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