CN114349409A - Composite material for building and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite material for building and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114349409A CN114349409A CN202210105239.XA CN202210105239A CN114349409A CN 114349409 A CN114349409 A CN 114349409A CN 202210105239 A CN202210105239 A CN 202210105239A CN 114349409 A CN114349409 A CN 114349409A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite material for buildings. The composite material for the building is composed of the following raw materials: cement, silicon dioxide, clay, polypropylene fiber, chlorinated polyethylene, locust bean gum, penetrant, defoaming agent, thickening agent, waterproof agent, aerogel and water. The aerogel prepared by the invention has unique arrangement channels, the stability of a three-dimensional net structure at high temperature and double-layer protection formed in the combustion process, has good flame retardant property and higher heat insulation property, has good fireproof performance, and simultaneously has a protection effect on the part which is not burnt. The composite material for the building is simple to prepare, good in durability, high in safety performance, convenient to construct, long in service life, high in efficiency, short in hardening time and good in practical performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a composite material for buildings and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of economic levels, various building materials are produced and widely used. However, the overall building design is unreasonable, and is not coordinated with a series of safety protection measures of environment, fire prevention, water prevention and the like, so that the overall performance of the building is seriously influenced, and further the development of the building industry is limited. Therefore, the performance requirements of building materials are becoming higher and higher. The waterproof and fireproof performance of the building material is important, and the traditional building material has poor waterproof and fireproof performance, so that the application range is limited.
CN103319116A discloses a novel composite material for buildings, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-50% of cement; 25-30% of quartz sand; 10-15% of sierozem powder; 5-10% of straw; 1-2% of thickening stabilizer; 0.5-1% of plasticizer; 0.1 to 0.5 percent of stable dispersant; the balance of water. The invention has the advantages that: the novel composite material for the building, which is prepared from multiple raw materials according to a certain proportion, has the advantages of high impact strength and good anti-permeability, and the straw can fill the gap, so that the composite material for the building is firmer, the service life is prolonged, the straw is convenient to take, and the manufacturing cost is saved. But its fire-retardant property is not significantly improved, so that it is limited in practical use.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a composite material for buildings and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a waterproof material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of cement, 20-40 parts of silicon dioxide, 25-50 parts of clay, 10-30 parts of polypropylene fiber, 1-8 parts of chlorinated polyethylene, 1-5 parts of locust bean gum, 1-5 parts of penetrating agent, 1-3 parts of defoaming agent, 1-5 parts of thickening agent, 5-15 parts of waterproofing agent and 40-80 parts of water.
Further, the composite material for the building comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of cement, 20-40 parts of silicon dioxide, 25-50 parts of clay, 10-30 parts of polypropylene fiber, 1-8 parts of chlorinated polyethylene, 1-5 parts of locust bean gum, 1-5 parts of penetrating agent, 1-3 parts of defoaming agent, 1-5 parts of thickening agent, 5-15 parts of waterproof agent, 5-10 parts of aerogel and 40-80 parts of water.
The penetrating agent is one or more than two of gamma-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, isobutyl triethoxysilane, gamma-propylmethacrylate trimethoxysilane and trifluoromethyl trimethylsilane; the defoaming agent is tributyl phosphate; the thickener is one or two of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose.
The invention adopts cement, silicon dioxide and clay as raw materials of the main waterproof material, and the polypropylene fiber is mainly used for improving the strength of the waterproof material and prolonging the service life; the chlorinated polyethylene mainly plays a role in impact resistance, so that the impact resistance of the waterproof material can be effectively improved; the locust bean gum is used as a binder, so that various substances can be effectively bonded together, the compaction density of the waterproof material is improved, and the waterproof, anti-cracking and anti-permeability effects can be achieved to a certain extent; the waterproof agent can mainly improve the hydrophobic effect of the surface of the waterproof material, has good waterproof effect, and improves the safety performance and the durability of a building.
The waterproof agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-15 parts of lithium silicate, 3-8 parts of sodium silicate, 2-6 parts of waterproof surfactant, 2-6 parts of triethanolamine and 10-20 parts of water.
The waterproof surfactant is one of perfluoropolyether-based surfactant, silanized perfluoropolyether and perfluoropolyether polymer.
The silicate in the waterproof agent can chemically react with calcium hydroxide serving as a cement hydration product in the waterproof material to generate insoluble calcium carbonate crystals to block and repair cracks and pores and fill the cracks, so that the effects of increasing compactness and enhancing repair are achieved. In addition, the water-proof surfactant can also play a role in dispersion, so that the agglomeration of silicate colloid particles is hindered, the silicate is kept in a nano-scale size, and the permeation along a capillary is facilitated.
The preparation method of the waterproof agent comprises the following steps: mixing 5-15 parts by weight of lithium silicate, 3-8 parts by weight of sodium silicate, 2-6 parts by weight of waterproof surfactant, 2-6 parts by weight of triethanolamine and 10-20 parts by weight of water, and stirring at room temperature and 400rpm for 10min to obtain the water-based anti-corrosion paint.
The preparation method of the silanized perfluoropolyether comprises the following steps:
mixing 12-20 parts by weight of perfluoropolyether alcohol, 0.05-0.2 part by weight of sodium hydride and 55-80 parts by weight of p-ditrifluorotoluene, stirring for 1-3h at 60-80 ℃ and 200-400rpm, adding 1-4 parts by weight of pentaerythritol allyl ether m-chlorobenzenesulfonate and 0.05-0.3 part by weight of tetrabutylammonium bromide, stirring for 3-5h at 60-80 ℃ and 200-400rpm, obtaining a perfluoropolyether-group-containing allyloxy matrix solution, adding 1-3 parts by weight of methyl ethyl dichlorosilane and 25-40 parts by weight of p-ditrifluorotoluene, stirring at 60-80 ℃ and 200-400rpm for 3-8min, adding 0.05-0.2 part by weight of di-tert-butyl peroxide, reacting at 40-60 ℃ for 3-5h, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain the silanized perfluoropolyether.
Leakage accidents of building structures are frequently seen, and the phenomenon of insufficient impermeability is easily caused mainly due to the fact that a large number of connected capillary tubes exist in the waterproof material, so that the performance of the waterproof material is deteriorated. In order to improve the impermeability of the waterproof material, various waterproof agents are doped into the common cement-based waterproof material in engineering, so that capillaries are blocked, the impermeability is improved, and the waterproof effect is achieved.
The addition of a small amount of surfactant in the waterproof agent can greatly improve the wetting and penetrating capacity of the material, and promote lithium silicate and sodium silicate to penetrate into the waterproof material more easily and quickly. The surface activity commonly used in the prior art is poor in dispersibility and poor in waterproof effect due to the fact that the surface tension is too high and the compatibility with other materials is difficult; or the surface tension is too low to play a waterproof role.
Firstly, the intermediate of the perfluoropolyether group is prepared by taking perfluoropolyether alcohol and pentaerythritol allyl ether m-chlorobenzene sulfonate as main raw materials, and then silanized perfluoropolyether with excellent waterproof, oilproof and friction resistance is formed by connecting a terminal alkenyl of the intermediate with a siloxy group.
In order to further improve the dispersion performance and the waterproof performance of the waterproof surfactant, the waterproof surfactant prepared by the invention contains a silanized fluoropolyether chain with hydrophobic performance, and plays a waterproof role; meanwhile, the water-proof agent also contains a polyethylene glycol chain of a hydrophilic section, which is beneficial to increasing the wettability of the water-proof agent on a water-proof material, increasing the penetration depth of the water-proof agent in the water-proof material, enhancing the impermeability of a cement-based water-proof material, and simultaneously improving the permeability of sodium silicate and lithium silicate, so that the water-proof agent can perform chemical reaction with a cement hydration product calcium hydroxide in the water-proof material to generate insoluble calcium carbonate crystals to block and repair cracks and fill the cracks, thereby achieving the effects of increasing compactness and repairing and enhancing; the surfactant has very high surface activity and stability, can remarkably reduce the surface tension of an aqueous solution, is easy to form directional adsorption in the solution and form micelles, can play a role in emulsification, and can effectively stabilize a dispersion system.
The action mechanism of the waterproof surface activity is that hydrocarbonoxy in molecules is hydrolyzed into hydrocarbyl, and then the hydrocarbyl reacts with the surface of cement particles to form chemical bonds, so that capillary walls in the cement-based material are hydrophobic, and the waterproof effect is achieved.
The specific reaction mechanism is as follows: s1, reacting by taking pentaerythritol allyl ether and m-chlorobenzene sulfonyl chloride as main raw materials and ether as a solvent to obtain pentaerythritol allyl ether m-chlorobenzene sulfonate; (2) mixing perfluoropolyether alcohol and pentaerythritol allyl ether m-chlorobenzene sulfonate for etherification reaction to obtain a perfluoropolyether-group-containing allyloxy matrix; specifically, perfluoropolyether alcohol and pentaerythritol allyl ether m-chlorobenzene sulfonate are used as main raw materials, p-ditrifluoromethane is used as a solvent, tetrabutylammonium bromide is used as a phase transfer catalyst, and sodium hydride is used for neutralizing hydrogen halide obtained through reaction so as to promote forward reaction, so that a perfluoropolyether-group-containing allyloxy substrate solution is obtained; (3) adding methyl ethyl dichlorosilane into a perfluoropolyether-group-containing allyl oxygen matrix solution, taking di-tert-butyl peroxide as a catalyst and p-ditrifluoromethane as a solvent, and reacting to obtain silanized perfluoropolyether;
s2, reacting halogenated polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether with magnesium metal to prepare carbon-magnesium polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and coupling reacting the carbon-magnesium polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether with silanized perfluoropolyether to obtain a perfluoropolyether block copolymer;
s3, hydrolyzing the perfluoropolyether block copolymer, and then carrying out condensation reaction to obtain the perfluoropolyether polymer.
Further, the preparation method of the perfluoropolyether polymer comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing 12-20 parts by weight of perfluoropolyether alcohol, 0.05-0.2 part by weight of sodium hydride and 55-80 parts by weight of p-ditrifluorotoluene, stirring for 1-3h at 60-80 ℃ and 200-400rpm, adding 1-4 parts by weight of pentaerythritol allyl ether m-chlorobenzenesulfonate and 0.05-0.3 part by weight of tetrabutylammonium bromide, stirring for 3-5h at 60-80 ℃ and 200-400rpm, obtaining a perfluoropolyether-group-containing allyloxy matrix solution, adding 1-3 parts by weight of methyl ethyl dichlorosilane and 25-40 parts by weight of p-ditrifluorotoluene, stirring at 60-80 ℃ and 200-400rpm for 3-8min, adding 0.05-0.2 part by weight of di-tert-butyl peroxide, reacting at 40-60 ℃ for 3-5h, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain silanized perfluoropolyether;
s2: mixing 0.8-2 parts by weight of chlorinated polymer, 3-8 parts by weight of ether and 0.3-1 part by weight of magnesium, heating to 37-50 ℃, adding 0.01-0.1 part by weight of iodine, keeping the temperature and continuing to react for 0.5-3h to obtain a carbon magnesium polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution, cooling to room temperature, adding 20-50 parts by weight of 35-40 wt% of p-ditrifluoromethane solution containing the silanized perfluoropolyether, stirring at room temperature and 500rpm for reaction for 5-10h, filtering, and distilling the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain a perfluoropolyether block copolymer;
s3: 10-20 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, 3-8 parts of perfluoropolyether block copolymer and 0.3-1 part of 5-12 wt% hydrochloric acid are mixed, reacted for 1-3h at room temperature, and then distilled under reduced pressure to obtain the perfluoropolyether polymer.
The preparation method of the pentaerythritol allyl ether m-chlorobenzenesulfonate comprises the following steps: mixing 10-20 parts by weight of pentaerythritol allyl ether, 10-20 parts by weight of m-chlorobenzene sulfonyl chloride, 5-10 parts by weight of triethylamine and 50-80 parts by weight of diethyl ether at room temperature, stirring for 5-10h at 200-400rpm, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain pentaerythritol allyl ether-based m-chlorobenzene sulfonate.
According to the invention, chlorinated polymers are adopted to be compounded of chlorinated polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether and chlorinated polyethylene according to a certain mass ratio, and the chlorinated polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether has an alcoholic hydroxyl group with hydrophilic performance, so that the hydrophilic performance can be effectively increased, the permeability of the waterproof surfactant is improved, and the dispersibility of the waterproof surfactant is improved; the chlorinated polyethylene is a hydrophobic group, so that the surface tension of the waterproof surface agent can be effectively improved, the waterproof performance of the waterproof material is improved, and the permeation performance and the waterproof performance of the chlorinated polyethylene are combined, so that the chlorinated polyethylene and the waterproof material can generate a synergistic effect in the aspect of waterproof performance.
The chlorinated polymer is chlorinated polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether and/or chlorinated polyethylene; preferably, the chlorinated polymer is prepared from chlorinated polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether and chlorinated polyethylene according to a mass ratio of (1-5): 1.
The preparation method of the aerogel comprises the following steps: adding hexagonal boron nitride and L-glutamine into a ball mill, processing for 12-24h at the rotating speed of 300-500rpm to obtain a mixture, washing the mixture with water, filtering to obtain a precipitate I, adding the precipitate I into the water, performing ultrasonic processing for 30-60min, wherein the ultrasonic power is 300-500W, the ultrasonic frequency is 15-20kHz, centrifuging to obtain the precipitate, and performing vacuum freeze drying to obtain modified hexagonal boron nitride, wherein the mass ratio of the hexagonal boron nitride to the L-glutamine is (1-6) to 1, and the bath ratio of the precipitate I to the water is 1g (10-15) mL; adding a carbon nano tube into a mixed acid solution, uniformly mixing, heating to 60-70 ℃, reacting for 5-6h, washing with water until the pH value is 7, centrifuging, taking precipitate, and drying to obtain the modified carbon nano tube, wherein the mixed acid solution is prepared by uniformly mixing concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid according to the volume ratio of (1-3) to 1, and the bath ratio of the carbon nano tube to the mixed acid solution is 1g (30-60) mL; adding modified hexagonal boron nitride and modified carbon nano tubes into water for ultrasonic treatment for 10-30min, wherein the ultrasonic power is 300-500W, the ultrasonic frequency is 15-20kHz, finally, placing the mixture at-50- (-60) DEG C for freezing for 6-12h, and then drying the mixture by using a vacuum freeze dryer to obtain aerogel, wherein the mass ratio of the modified hexagonal boron nitride to the modified carbon nano tubes to the water is (1-3) to (30-60).
The aerogel prepared by the invention has a unique three-dimensional net structure and a rich pore structure, so that the aerogel has a low heat conductivity coefficient; in the combustion process of the aerogel prepared by the invention, the hexagonal boron nitride layer on the surface is used as a first protective layer. The carbonized layer formed from carbon nanotubes forms a second effective refractory layer. Due to the unique arrangement channel, the stability of the three-dimensional net structure at high temperature and the double-layer protection formed in the combustion process, the flame-retardant three-dimensional net structure has good flame-retardant property and high heat-insulating property, plays a good role in fire resistance, and simultaneously plays a role in protecting the part which is not burnt.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the composite material for the building.
The preparation method of the composite material for the building comprises the following steps: weighing cement, silicon dioxide, clay and water according to the weight parts, mixing and adding into a reaction kettle; heating to 55-70 ℃, adding the waterproof agent and the aerogel, and stirring for 0.2-1h at the speed of 1000rpm of 700 plus materials; adding polypropylene fiber and chlorinated polyethylene, and stirring at 800-; cooling to 20-30 ℃, adding locust bean gum, penetrant, defoamer and thickener, and continuously stirring for 15-30min at 800-1200rpm to obtain the composite material for buildings.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the aerogel prepared by the invention is prepared by taking hexagonal boron nitride, L-glutamine and carbon nano tubes as raw materials, and has a unique three-dimensional net structure and a rich pore structure, so that the aerogel has a low heat conductivity coefficient; in the combustion process of the aerogel prepared by the invention, the hexagonal boron nitride layer on the surface is used as a first protective layer. The carbonized layer formed from carbon nanotubes forms a second effective refractory layer. Due to the unique arrangement channel, the stability of the three-dimensional net structure at high temperature and the double-layer protection formed in the combustion process, the flame-retardant three-dimensional net structure has good flame-retardant property and high heat-insulating property, plays a good role in fire resistance, and simultaneously plays a role in protecting the part which is not burnt. The composite material for the building is simple to prepare, good in durability, high in safety performance, convenient to construct, long in service life, high in efficiency, short in hardening time and good in practical performance.
Detailed Description
The above summary of the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but it should not be understood that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples.
Introduction of some raw materials in this application:
in the examples, the cement was purchased from Zhengzhou shield mud building materials Co., Ltd, setting time: initial setting: 20min, final setting: 34min, breaking strength (2 h): 7.1MPa, compressive strength (24 h): 53.5 MPa.
Silica was purchased from Nanjing Keyed Biotech, Inc., pore size: 3nm, size: 100 nm.
Clay purchased from Zhengzhou Rui dao refractory Co., Ltd, Specification: 200 meshes.
The polypropylene fiber is purchased from Jining Sanshi Biotechnology Limited, the filament number is less than or equal to 2.2dtex, the fiber length is short: 20.0 mm.
Chlorinated polyethylene was purchased from Hangzhou Koli chemical industries, Inc., under the brand name:
CM3685。
locust bean gum is purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biotechnology, Inc., molecular weight: 30 ten thousand g/mol, cargo number/package: l118711-500 g.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is available from Beijing Wan Diagram technologies, Inc. at viscosity (MPa.s): 300-450, model: 400, item number: WTM 0008.
Perfluoropolyether-based surfactant: CAS number: 107852-51-7.
Pentaerythritol allyl ether: CAS number: 91648-24-7.
Perfluoropolyether alcohols were purchased from Suzhou Kentum New materials, Inc., brand: PFPE-OH-3000.
The preparation of chlorinated polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether is carried out by referring to the preparation method in example 1 of Chinese patent (grant publication No. CN 105622949B).
Hexagonal boron nitride, cat #: NO-N-003-1, particle size: 100nm, available from Shanghai Neihu nanotechnology, Inc.
Carbon nanotube, type: CNT102, tube diameter: < 8nm, length: 10-30 μm, available from Beijing Deke island gold technologies, Inc
Example 1
A waterproof material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of cement, 25 parts of silicon dioxide, 30 parts of clay, 20 parts of polypropylene fiber, 4 parts of chlorinated polyethylene, 3 parts of locust bean gum, 3 parts of gamma-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, 2 parts of tributyl phosphate, 3 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 10 parts of a waterproof agent and 50 parts of water.
The waterproof agent consists of the following raw materials: 8 parts of lithium silicate, 5 parts of sodium silicate, 8 parts of triethanolamine and 15 parts of water.
The preparation method of the waterproof material comprises the following steps: weighing cement, silicon dioxide, clay and water according to the weight parts, mixing and adding into a reaction kettle; heating to 60 ℃, adding the waterproof agent, and stirring at 800rpm for 0.5 h; adding polypropylene fiber and chlorinated polyethylene, and stirring at 1000rpm for 30 min; cooling to 25 ℃, adding locust bean gum, gamma-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, tributyl phosphate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and continuously stirring at 1000rpm for 20min to obtain the waterproof material.
Example 2
A waterproof material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of cement, 25 parts of silicon dioxide, 30 parts of clay, 20 parts of polypropylene fiber, 4 parts of chlorinated polyethylene, 3 parts of locust bean gum, 3 parts of gamma-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, 2 parts of tributyl phosphate, 3 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 10 parts of a waterproof agent and 50 parts of water.
The waterproof agent consists of the following raw materials: 8 parts of lithium silicate, 5 parts of sodium silicate, 4 parts of waterproof surfactant, 4 parts of triethanolamine and 15 parts of water.
The waterproof surfactant is a perfluoropolyether-based surfactant.
The preparation method of the waterproof material comprises the following steps: weighing cement, silicon dioxide, clay and water according to the weight parts, mixing and adding into a reaction kettle; heating to 60 ℃, adding the waterproof agent, and stirring at 800rpm for 0.5 h; adding polypropylene fiber and chlorinated polyethylene, and stirring at 1000rpm for 30 min; cooling to 25 ℃, adding locust bean gum, gamma-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, tributyl phosphate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and continuously stirring at 1000rpm for 20min to obtain the waterproof material.
Example 3
A waterproof material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of cement, 25 parts of silicon dioxide, 30 parts of clay, 20 parts of polypropylene fiber, 4 parts of chlorinated polyethylene, 3 parts of locust bean gum, 3 parts of gamma-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, 2 parts of tributyl phosphate, 3 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 10 parts of a waterproof agent and 50 parts of water.
The waterproof agent consists of the following raw materials: 8 parts of lithium silicate, 5 parts of sodium silicate, 4 parts of waterproof surfactant, 4 parts of triethanolamine and 15 parts of water.
The waterproof surfactant is silanized perfluoropolyether.
The preparation method of the silanized perfluoropolyether comprises the following steps:
mixing 15 parts by weight of perfluoropolyether alcohol, 0.1 part by weight of sodium hydride and 65 parts by weight of p-benzotrifluoride, stirring for 2 hours at 70 ℃ and 300rpm, adding 2 parts by weight of pentaerythritol allyl ether m-chlorobenzenesulfonate and 0.1 part by weight of tetrabutylammonium bromide, stirring for 4 hours at 70 ℃ and 300rpm to obtain a perfluoropolyether-containing allyloxypropylene base solution, adding 1.5 parts by weight of methyl ethyl dichlorosilane and 32 parts by weight of p-benzotrifluoride, stirring for 5 minutes at 70 ℃ and 300rpm, adding 0.1 part by weight of di-tert-butyl peroxide, reacting for 4 hours at 50 ℃, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain the silanized perfluoropolyether.
The preparation method of the pentaerythritol allyl ether m-chlorobenzenesulfonate comprises the following steps: mixing 15 parts by weight of pentaerythritol allyl ether, 15 parts by weight of m-chlorobenzene sulfonyl chloride, 6.5 parts by weight of triethylamine and 60 parts by weight of diethyl ether at room temperature, stirring for 8 hours at 300rpm, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain pentaerythritol allyl ether-based m-chlorobenzene sulfonate;
the preparation method of the waterproof material comprises the following steps: weighing cement, silicon dioxide, clay and water according to the weight parts, mixing and adding into a reaction kettle; heating to 60 ℃, adding the waterproof agent, and stirring at 800rpm for 0.5 h; adding polypropylene fiber and chlorinated polyethylene, and stirring at 1000rpm for 30 min; cooling to 25 ℃, adding locust bean gum, gamma-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, tributyl phosphate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and continuously stirring at 1000rpm for 20min to obtain the waterproof material.
Example 4
A waterproof material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of cement, 25 parts of silicon dioxide, 30 parts of clay, 20 parts of polypropylene fiber, 4 parts of chlorinated polyethylene, 3 parts of locust bean gum, 3 parts of gamma-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, 2 parts of tributyl phosphate, 3 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 10 parts of a waterproof agent and 50 parts of water.
The waterproof agent consists of the following raw materials: 8 parts of lithium silicate, 5 parts of sodium silicate, 4 parts of waterproof surfactant, 4 parts of triethanolamine and 15 parts of water.
The water-repellent surfactant is a perfluoropolyether polymer.
The preparation method of the perfluoropolyether polymer comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing 15 parts by weight of perfluoropolyether alcohol, 0.1 part by weight of sodium hydride and 65 parts by weight of p-benzotrifluoride, stirring for 2 hours at 70 ℃ and 300rpm, adding 2 parts by weight of pentaerythritol allyl ether m-chlorobenzenesulfonate and 0.1 part by weight of tetrabutylammonium bromide, stirring for 4 hours at 70 ℃ and 300rpm to obtain a perfluoropolyether-containing allyl propoxy matrix solution, adding 1.5 parts by weight of methyl ethyl dichlorosilane and 32 parts by weight of p-benzotrifluoride, stirring for 5 minutes at 70 ℃ and 300rpm, adding 0.1 part by weight of di-tert-butyl peroxide, reacting for 4 hours at 50 ℃, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain silanized perfluoropolyether;
s2: mixing 1.2 parts by weight of chlorinated polymer, 5 parts by weight of diethyl ether and 0.6 part by weight of magnesium, heating to 40 ℃, adding 0.02 part by weight of iodine, keeping the temperature, continuously reacting for 1 hour to obtain a carbon-magnesium polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution, cooling to room temperature, adding 30 parts by weight of 37.5 wt% of p-benzotrifluoride solution containing the silanized perfluoropolyether, stirring at 400rpm at room temperature for reacting for 8 hours, filtering, and distilling the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain a perfluoropolyether block copolymer;
s3: mixing 15 parts by weight of absolute ethyl alcohol, 5 parts by weight of perfluoropolyether block copolymer and 0.5 part by weight of 10 wt% hydrochloric acid, reacting at room temperature for 2 hours, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain the perfluoropolyether polymer.
The preparation method of the pentaerythritol allyl ether m-chlorobenzenesulfonate comprises the following steps: mixing 15 parts by weight of pentaerythritol allyl ether, 15 parts by weight of m-chlorobenzene sulfonyl chloride, 6.5 parts by weight of triethylamine and 60 parts by weight of diethyl ether at room temperature, stirring for 8 hours at 300rpm, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain pentaerythritol allyl ether-based m-chlorobenzene sulfonate;
the chlorinated polymer is chlorinated polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether.
The preparation method of the waterproof material comprises the following steps: weighing cement, silicon dioxide, clay and water according to the weight parts, mixing and adding into a reaction kettle; heating to 60 ℃, adding the waterproof agent, and stirring at 800rpm for 0.5 h; adding polypropylene fiber and chlorinated polyethylene, and stirring at 1000rpm for 30 min; cooling to 25 ℃, adding locust bean gum, gamma-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, tributyl phosphate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and continuously stirring at 1000rpm for 20min to obtain the waterproof material.
Example 5
Essentially the same as example 4, except that the perfluoropolyether polymer is prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
s1: mixing 15 parts by weight of perfluoropolyether alcohol, 0.1 part by weight of sodium hydride and 65 parts by weight of p-benzotrifluoride, stirring for 2 hours at 70 ℃ and 300rpm, adding 2 parts by weight of pentaerythritol allyl ether m-chlorobenzenesulfonate and 0.1 part by weight of tetrabutylammonium bromide, stirring for 4 hours at 70 ℃ and 300rpm to obtain a perfluoropolyether-containing allyl propoxy matrix solution, adding 1.5 parts by weight of methyl ethyl dichlorosilane and 32 parts by weight of p-benzotrifluoride, stirring for 5 minutes at 70 ℃ and 300rpm, adding 0.1 part by weight of di-tert-butyl peroxide, reacting for 4 hours at 50 ℃, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain silanized perfluoropolyether;
s2: mixing 1.2 parts by weight of chlorinated polymer, 5 parts by weight of diethyl ether and 0.6 part by weight of magnesium, heating to 40 ℃, adding 0.02 part by weight of iodine, keeping the temperature, continuously reacting for 1 hour to obtain a carbon-magnesium polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution, cooling to room temperature, adding 30 parts by weight of 37.5 wt% of p-benzotrifluoride solution containing the silanized perfluoropolyether, stirring at 400rpm at room temperature for reacting for 8 hours, filtering, and distilling the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain a perfluoropolyether block copolymer;
s3: mixing 15 parts by weight of absolute ethyl alcohol, 5 parts by weight of perfluoropolyether block copolymer and 0.5 part by weight of 10 wt% hydrochloric acid, reacting at room temperature for 2 hours, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain the perfluoropolyether polymer.
The preparation method of the pentaerythritol allyl ether m-chlorobenzenesulfonate comprises the following steps: mixing 15 parts by weight of pentaerythritol allyl ether, 15 parts by weight of m-chlorobenzene sulfonyl chloride, 6.5 parts by weight of triethylamine and 60 parts by weight of diethyl ether at room temperature, stirring for 8 hours at 300rpm, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain pentaerythritol allyl ether-based m-chlorobenzene sulfonate;
the chlorinated polymer is chlorinated polyethylene.
Example 6
Essentially the same as example 4, except that the perfluoropolyether polymer is prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
s1: mixing 15 parts by weight of perfluoropolyether alcohol, 0.1 part by weight of sodium hydride and 65 parts by weight of p-benzotrifluoride, stirring for 2 hours at 70 ℃ and 300rpm, adding 2 parts by weight of pentaerythritol allyl ether m-chlorobenzenesulfonate and 0.1 part by weight of tetrabutylammonium bromide, stirring for 4 hours at 70 ℃ and 300rpm to obtain a perfluoropolyether-containing allyl propoxy matrix solution, adding 1.5 parts by weight of methyl ethyl dichlorosilane and 32 parts by weight of p-benzotrifluoride, stirring for 5 minutes at 70 ℃ and 300rpm, adding 0.1 part by weight of di-tert-butyl peroxide, reacting for 4 hours at 50 ℃, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain silanized perfluoropolyether;
s2: mixing 1.2 parts by weight of chlorinated polymer, 5 parts by weight of diethyl ether and 0.6 part by weight of magnesium, heating to 40 ℃, adding 0.02 part by weight of iodine, keeping the temperature, continuously reacting for 1 hour to obtain a carbon-magnesium polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution, cooling to room temperature, adding 30 parts by weight of 37.5 wt% of p-benzotrifluoride solution containing the silanized perfluoropolyether, stirring at 400rpm at room temperature for reacting for 8 hours, filtering, and distilling the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain a perfluoropolyether block copolymer;
s3: mixing 15 parts by weight of absolute ethyl alcohol, 5 parts by weight of perfluoropolyether block copolymer and 0.5 part by weight of 10 wt% hydrochloric acid, reacting at room temperature for 2 hours, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain the perfluoropolyether polymer.
The preparation method of the pentaerythritol allyl ether m-chlorobenzenesulfonate comprises the following steps: mixing 15 parts by weight of pentaerythritol allyl ether, 15 parts by weight of m-chlorobenzene sulfonyl chloride, 6.5 parts by weight of triethylamine and 60 parts by weight of diethyl ether at room temperature, stirring for 8 hours at 300rpm, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain pentaerythritol allyl ether-based m-chlorobenzene sulfonate;
the chlorinated polymer is composed of chlorinated polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether and chlorinated polyethylene according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.
Test example 1
And (3) testing the water absorption performance: referring to the 14-section water absorption test in JGJ/T70-2009 building mortar basic performance test method Standard, a waterproof material of examples 1-6 is prepared into a prismatic test piece with the size of 70.7mm × 70.7mm × 70.7mm, the prismatic test piece is stood for 24h at 20 ℃, a mold is removed, and the test piece is placed in a standard curing room with the temperature of 20 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95% for curing, and the specific test method comprises the following steps:
(1) after 28 days, the test pieces were removed, dried at 75 ℃ for 48 hours and weighed to give the mass (m)0) Then, placing the test piece into a water tank with the molding surface facing downwards, and using two reinforcing steel bars with the diameter of 10mm to cushion the lower surface of the test piece; (2) immersing the test piece in a 35mm water tank, placing in a constant temperature chamber with temperature of 20 deg.C and relative humidity of 80%, taking out after 48 hr, wiping off surface water with wringing cloth, and weighing its mass (m)1) According to the formula of water absorption of mortar ═ m1-m0)/m0，m1Represents the mass m of the test piece after water absorption0The dry specimen mass was represented, and the average was measured 3 times, and the results are shown in Table 1.
And (3) testing the seepage pressure resistance: the water-proof materials of examples 1 to 6 were stirred and then put into test molds to prepare metal test molds with the size of 70mm × 80mm × 30mm, and the concrete experiments were carried out by referring to 15 sections of impermeability in JGJ/T70-2009 "standard of basic performance test methods for building mortar":
(1) then, 6 molded test pieces are manufactured by using a spatula; (2) standing the formed test piece at 20 ℃ for 24h, demoulding, placing the test piece in a standard curing room at 20 ℃ and with the relative humidity of 95% for curing, and sealing the test piece in a mortar permeameter by using a sealing material to perform a water permeability test; (3) the pressure was increased from 0.2MPa to 0.3MPa after a constant pressure of 2 hours, and then increased by 0.1MPa every 1 hour, and the test was stopped when water was leaked on the end faces of 3 of the 6 test pieces, and the pressure at the permeation resistance (MPa) was H-0.1, where H represents the maximum water pressure (MPa) at which water was leaked in 3 of the 6 test pieces, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Water absorption Rate Properties and osmotic pressure resistance Performance test results
| Anti-seepage pressure (MPa) | Water absorption (%) | |
| Example 1 | 1.01 | 11.4％ |
| Example 2 | 1.16 | 10.3％ |
| Example 3 | 1.24 | 9.5％ |
| Example 4 | 1.35 | 8.9％ |
| Example 5 | 1.37 | 8.7％ |
| Example 6 | 1.43 | 7.9％ |
From the above results, it can be seen that the waterproof material prepared by the present invention has good permeation pressure resistance and waterproof performance. From the results of examples 1 to 3, it can be seen that the silanized perfluoropolyether prepared by the present invention has good waterproof property because the perfluoropolyether itself is hydrophobic, and forms silanized perfluoropolyether with excellent waterproof and oil-proof properties after passing through silanyloxy groups, and the prepared silanized perfluoropolyether has good surface tension and very good hydrophobic property, so that the waterproof property is increased, while examples 4 to 5 prepare perfluoropolyether polymer based on example 3, further improve the waterproof property of the waterproof material because the perfluoropolyether polymer also contains hydrophilic polyethylene glycol chain, increase the dispersion of the waterproof surfactant in the system, facilitate to increase the wetting property of the waterproof material, increase the penetration depth of the waterproof agent in the waterproof material, and enhance the impermeability of the cement-based waterproof material, meanwhile, the perfluoropolyether polymer also contains a perfluoropolyether end with very strong hydrophobicity, the hydrophobicity is not reduced due to the addition of the hydrophilic end, but the hydrophilic end increases the dispersion performance of the perfluoropolyether polymer, so that the perfluoropolyether polymer can be uniformly dispersed in a system, and the overall hydrophobicity is increased; embodiment 6 adopts chlorinated polymer to compound chlorinated polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether and chlorinated polyethylene, which can further increase waterproof performance and impermeability, chlorinated polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether has hydrophilic alcoholic hydroxyl group, which can effectively increase hydrophilic performance, not only improve the permeability of the waterproof surfactant, but also improve the dispersibility of the waterproof surfactant; the chlorinated polyethylene is a hydrophobic group, so that the surface tension of the waterproof surface agent can be effectively improved, the waterproof performance of the waterproof material is improved, and the permeation performance and the waterproof performance of the chlorinated polyethylene are combined, so that the chlorinated polyethylene and the waterproof material can generate a synergistic effect in the aspect of waterproof performance.
Test example 2
And (3) testing the compressive strength: referring to national GB/T17671-1999 Cement mortar Strength test method (ISO method), mechanical property test is carried out, a mortar test piece with the test piece size of 40mm x 160mm is tested, the test piece is maintained for 24h at 20 ℃ and relative humidity of 60%, then the mould is removed, the test piece is maintained in standard water for 28d, then the compressive strength test is carried out, and the test piece is maintained according to the compressive strength (MPa) formula
＝FC/A，FCRepresenting the maximum load (N) at failure, A representing compressionPartial area (mm)2) The compressive strength was measured in groups of 6 specimens in parallel, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 compressive Strength test results
The waterproof material prepared by the invention also has good mechanical properties, the waterproof surfactant and the silicate are added in the preparation process of the waterproof agent, and the hydrophilic end in the waterproof surfactant is beneficial to increasing the wettability of the waterproof agent to the waterproof material, increasing the penetration depth of the waterproof agent in the waterproof material and enhancing the impermeability of the cement-based waterproof material; the waterproof surfactant is a high-molecular polymer, so that the winding performance and the bonding performance are good, all substances in the waterproof material can be tightly wound together, the compact density of the waterproof material is increased, the permeability of sodium silicate and lithium silicate can be promoted, the waterproof material can be subjected to chemical reaction with a cement hydration product calcium hydroxide in the waterproof material, insoluble calcium carbonate crystals are generated to block and repair cracks and pores, the cracks are filled, the effect of increasing the compactness is achieved, and the mechanical performance of the waterproof material is finally improved.
Example 7
A composite material for buildings is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of cement, 25 parts of silicon dioxide, 30 parts of clay, 20 parts of polypropylene fiber, 4 parts of chlorinated polyethylene, 3 parts of locust bean gum, 3 parts of gamma-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, 2 parts of tributyl phosphate, 3 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 10 parts of a waterproof agent, 8 parts of aerogel and 50 parts of water.
The preparation method of the aerogel comprises the following steps: adding hexagonal boron nitride and L-glutamine into a ball mill, processing for 20 hours at the rotating speed of 500rpm to obtain a mixture, washing the mixture with water, filtering to obtain a precipitate I, adding the precipitate I into the water, performing ultrasonic processing for 1 hour, wherein the ultrasonic power is 300W and the ultrasonic frequency is 15kHz, centrifuging to obtain the precipitate, and performing vacuum freeze drying to obtain modified hexagonal boron nitride, wherein the mass ratio of the hexagonal boron nitride to the L-glutamine is 5:1, and the bath ratio of the precipitate I to the water is 1g:10 mL; adding a carbon nano tube into a mixed acid solution, uniformly mixing, heating to 60 ℃, reacting for 6h, washing with water until the pH value is 7, and drying to obtain a modified carbon nano tube, wherein the mixed acid solution is prepared by uniformly mixing concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid according to the volume ratio of 3:1, and the bath ratio of the carbon nano tube to the mixed acid solution is 1g:60 mL; adding modified hexagonal boron nitride and modified carbon nano tubes into water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min, wherein the ultrasonic power is 300W, the ultrasonic frequency is 15kHz, then placing the mixture at the temperature of minus 60 ℃ for freezing for 12h, and finally drying the mixture by using a vacuum freeze dryer to obtain aerogel, wherein the mass ratio of the modified hexagonal boron nitride to the modified carbon nano tubes to the water is 3:1: 30.
The waterproof agent consists of the following raw materials: 8 parts of lithium silicate, 5 parts of sodium silicate, 4 parts of waterproof surfactant, 4 parts of triethanolamine and 15 parts of water.
The water-repellent surfactant is a perfluoropolyether polymer.
The preparation method of the perfluoropolyether polymer comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing 15 parts by weight of perfluoropolyether alcohol, 0.1 part by weight of sodium hydride and 65 parts by weight of p-benzotrifluoride, stirring for 2 hours at 70 ℃ and 300rpm, adding 2 parts by weight of pentaerythritol allyl ether m-chlorobenzenesulfonate and 0.1 part by weight of tetrabutylammonium bromide, stirring for 4 hours at 70 ℃ and 300rpm to obtain a perfluoropolyether-containing allyl propoxy matrix solution, adding 1.5 parts by weight of methyl ethyl dichlorosilane and 32 parts by weight of p-benzotrifluoride, stirring for 5 minutes at 70 ℃ and 300rpm, adding 0.1 part by weight of di-tert-butyl peroxide, reacting for 4 hours at 50 ℃, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain silanized perfluoropolyether;
s2: mixing 1.2 parts by weight of chlorinated polymer, 5 parts by weight of diethyl ether and 0.6 part by weight of magnesium, heating to 40 ℃, adding 0.02 part by weight of iodine, keeping the temperature, continuously reacting for 1 hour to obtain a carbon-magnesium polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution, cooling to room temperature, adding 30 parts by weight of 37.5 wt% of p-benzotrifluoride solution containing the silanized perfluoropolyether, stirring at 400rpm at room temperature for reacting for 8 hours, filtering, and distilling the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain a perfluoropolyether block copolymer;
s3: mixing 15 parts by weight of absolute ethyl alcohol, 5 parts by weight of perfluoropolyether block copolymer and 0.5 part by weight of 10 wt% hydrochloric acid, reacting at room temperature for 2 hours, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain the perfluoropolyether polymer.
The preparation method of the pentaerythritol allyl ether m-chlorobenzenesulfonate comprises the following steps: mixing 15 parts by weight of pentaerythritol allyl ether, 15 parts by weight of m-chlorobenzene sulfonyl chloride, 6.5 parts by weight of triethylamine and 60 parts by weight of diethyl ether at room temperature, stirring for 8 hours at 300rpm, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain pentaerythritol allyl ether-based m-chlorobenzene sulfonate;
the chlorinated polymer is composed of chlorinated polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether and chlorinated polyethylene according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.
The preparation method of the composite material for the building comprises the following steps: weighing cement, silicon dioxide, clay and water according to the weight parts, mixing and adding into a reaction kettle; heating to 60 ℃, adding the waterproof agent and the aerogel, and stirring at 800rpm for 0.5 h; adding polypropylene fiber and chlorinated polyethylene, and stirring at 1000rpm for 30 min; cooling to 25 ℃, adding locust bean gum, gamma-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, tributyl phosphate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and continuously stirring at 1000rpm for 20min to obtain the composite material for the building.
Example 8
A composite material for buildings is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of cement, 25 parts of silicon dioxide, 30 parts of clay, 20 parts of polypropylene fiber, 4 parts of chlorinated polyethylene, 3 parts of locust bean gum, 3 parts of gamma-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, 2 parts of tributyl phosphate, 3 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 10 parts of a waterproof agent, 8 parts of hexagonal boron nitride and 50 parts of water.
The waterproof agent consists of the following raw materials: 8 parts of lithium silicate, 5 parts of sodium silicate, 4 parts of waterproof surfactant, 4 parts of triethanolamine and 15 parts of water.
The water-repellent surfactant is a perfluoropolyether polymer.
The preparation method of the perfluoropolyether polymer comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing 15 parts by weight of perfluoropolyether alcohol, 0.1 part by weight of sodium hydride and 65 parts by weight of p-benzotrifluoride, stirring for 2 hours at 70 ℃ and 300rpm, adding 2 parts by weight of pentaerythritol allyl ether m-chlorobenzenesulfonate and 0.1 part by weight of tetrabutylammonium bromide, stirring for 4 hours at 70 ℃ and 300rpm to obtain a perfluoropolyether-containing allyl propoxy matrix solution, adding 1.5 parts by weight of methyl ethyl dichlorosilane and 32 parts by weight of p-benzotrifluoride, stirring for 5 minutes at 70 ℃ and 300rpm, adding 0.1 part by weight of di-tert-butyl peroxide, reacting for 4 hours at 50 ℃, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain silanized perfluoropolyether;
s2: mixing 1.2 parts by weight of chlorinated polymer, 5 parts by weight of diethyl ether and 0.6 part by weight of magnesium, heating to 40 ℃, adding 0.02 part by weight of iodine, keeping the temperature, continuously reacting for 1 hour to obtain a carbon-magnesium polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution, cooling to room temperature, adding 30 parts by weight of 37.5 wt% of p-benzotrifluoride solution containing the silanized perfluoropolyether, stirring at 400rpm at room temperature for reacting for 8 hours, filtering, and distilling the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain a perfluoropolyether block copolymer;
s3: mixing 15 parts by weight of absolute ethyl alcohol, 5 parts by weight of perfluoropolyether block copolymer and 0.5 part by weight of 10 wt% hydrochloric acid, reacting at room temperature for 2 hours, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain the perfluoropolyether polymer.
The preparation method of the pentaerythritol allyl ether m-chlorobenzenesulfonate comprises the following steps: mixing 15 parts by weight of pentaerythritol allyl ether, 15 parts by weight of m-chlorobenzene sulfonyl chloride, 6.5 parts by weight of triethylamine and 60 parts by weight of diethyl ether at room temperature, stirring for 8 hours at 300rpm, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain pentaerythritol allyl ether-based m-chlorobenzene sulfonate;
the chlorinated polymer is composed of chlorinated polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether and chlorinated polyethylene according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.
The preparation method of the composite material for the building comprises the following steps: weighing cement, silicon dioxide, clay and water according to the weight parts, mixing and adding into a reaction kettle; heating to 60 ℃, adding the waterproof agent and the hexagonal boron nitride, and stirring at 800rpm for 0.5 h; adding polypropylene fiber and chlorinated polyethylene, and stirring at 1000rpm for 30 min; cooling to 25 ℃, adding locust bean gum, gamma-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, tributyl phosphate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and continuously stirring at 1000rpm for 20min to obtain the composite material for the building.
Test example 3
The composite materials for construction prepared in examples 7 to 8 were subjected to a fire resistance test according to the method specified in the flat building materials in GB8624-2012 classification of fire performance of building materials and products.
TABLE 3 fire performance test results for the construction composites
| Fire-proof performance | |
| Example 7 | Grade A1 |
| Example 8 | Class B |
The fireproof grade of the composite material for the building prepared by the invention reaches A1 grade, and the fireproof performance is very good. According to the invention, the aerogel is introduced into the building material, and the unique arrangement channel and the three-dimensional net structure of the aerogel form double-layer protection in the high-temperature stability and combustion process, so that the aerogel has good flame retardant property and high heat insulation property, has good fireproof performance, and simultaneously has a protection effect on the part which is not burnt.
Claims (10)
1. The composite material for the building is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of cement, 20-40 parts of silicon dioxide, 25-50 parts of clay, 10-30 parts of polypropylene fiber, 1-8 parts of chlorinated polyethylene, 1-5 parts of locust bean gum, 1-5 parts of penetrating agent, 1-3 parts of defoaming agent, 1-5 parts of thickening agent, 5-15 parts of waterproof agent, 5-10 parts of aerogel and 40-80 parts of water.
2. The architectural composite of claim 1, wherein the aerogel preparation method comprises the steps of: adding hexagonal boron nitride and L-glutamine into a ball mill for treatment for 12-24 hours to obtain a mixture, washing the mixture with water, filtering to obtain a precipitate I, adding the precipitate I into the water, performing ultrasonic treatment, centrifuging to obtain the precipitate, and performing vacuum freeze drying to obtain modified hexagonal boron nitride; adding the carbon nano tube into the mixed acid solution, uniformly mixing, heating for reaction, washing with water until the pH value is 7, and drying to obtain a modified carbon nano tube; adding the modified hexagonal boron nitride and the modified carbon nano tube into water for ultrasonic treatment, then freezing, and finally drying by a vacuum freeze dryer to obtain the aerogel.
3. The composite material for construction according to claim 1, wherein the penetrating agent is one or more of γ -mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, isobutyltriethoxysilane, γ -propylmethacrylate-based trimethoxysilane, and trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane; the defoaming agent is tributyl phosphate; the thickener is one or two of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose.
4. The architectural composite material as set forth in claim 1, wherein the water repellent agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-15 parts of lithium silicate, 3-8 parts of sodium silicate, 2-6 parts of waterproof surfactant, 2-6 parts of triethanolamine and 10-20 parts of water.
5. The architectural composite of claim 3, wherein the water repellent surfactant is one of a perfluoropolyether-based surfactant, a silanized perfluoropolyether, and a perfluoropolyether polymer.
6. The architectural composite of claim 5, wherein said silanized perfluoropolyether is prepared by the following process:
mixing and stirring perfluoropolyether alcohol, sodium hydride and p-benzotrifluoride, adding pentaerythritol allyl ether m-chlorobenzene sulfonate and tetrabutyl ammonium bromide, continuously stirring to obtain a perfluoropolyether-group-containing allyl propoxy matrix solution, and adding methyl ethyl dichlorosilane, p-benzotrifluoride and di-tert-butyl peroxide to react to obtain the silanized perfluoropolyether.
7. The architectural composite of claim 5, wherein said perfluoropolyether polymer is prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
s1: mixing and stirring perfluoropolyether alcohol, sodium hydride and p-benzotrifluoride, adding pentaerythritol allyl ether m-chlorobenzene sulfonate and tetrabutyl ammonium bromide, continuously stirring to obtain a perfluoropolyether-containing allyl propoxy matrix solution, and adding methyl ethyl dichlorosilane, p-benzotrifluoride and di-tert-butyl peroxide to react to obtain silanized perfluoropolyether;
s2: mixing chlorinated polymer, ether and magnesium, adding iodine for reaction to obtain a carbon-magnesium polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution, cooling to room temperature, adding a p-benzotrifluoride solution containing the silanized perfluoropolyether, and stirring for reaction to obtain a perfluoropolyether block copolymer;
s3: absolute ethyl alcohol, perfluoropolyether segmented copolymer and hydrochloric acid are mixed and react at room temperature to obtain the perfluoropolyether polymer.
8. The building composite according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the pentaerythritol allyl ether-based m-chlorobenzenesulfonate is prepared by the following method: at room temperature, pentaerythritol allyl ether, m-chlorobenzene sulfonyl chloride, triethylamine and diethyl ether are mixed and stirred to obtain pentaerythritol allyl ether m-chlorobenzene sulfonate.
9. The architectural composite according to claim 7, wherein the chlorinated polymer is chlorinated polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether and/or chlorinated polyethylene.
10. The method for preparing the building composite material as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of: weighing cement, silicon dioxide, clay and water according to the weight parts, mixing and adding into a reaction kettle; heating, adding a waterproof agent and aerogel and stirring; adding polypropylene fiber and chlorinated polyethylene and continuing stirring; cooling, adding locust bean gum, penetrant, defoaming agent and thickener, and stirring to obtain the composite material for building.
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