CN114349379A - Modified coffee grounds, preparation method thereof and pervious concrete using modified coffee grounds - Google Patents
Modified coffee grounds, preparation method thereof and pervious concrete using modified coffee grounds Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses modified coffee grounds, a preparation method thereof and pervious concrete using the same. The invention prepares the pervious concrete by adding a mixed aqueous solution of NaOH and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into coffee grounds after alkaline solution pretreatment to neutrality, draining to obtain the modified coffee grounds, and mixing the modified coffee grounds with cement, water, coarse aggregates, fine aggregates, a gelling agent and a water reducing agent. According to the invention, the heavy metal adsorption capacity of the pervious concrete is improved by using the modified coffee grounds, and the risk of heavy metal pollution can be reduced. The method for preparing the pervious concrete by using the modified coffee grounds has the advantages of low cost, easy acquisition, good adsorption performance and small influence on the strength of the pervious concrete. In addition, the invention can efficiently utilize solid wastes, can improve economic benefits and can reduce pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building materials, in particular to modified coffee grounds, a preparation method thereof and pervious concrete using the same.
Background
The pervious concrete is porous light concrete prepared by mixing coarse aggregate, cement and water, and has the characteristics of air permeability, water permeability, light weight and the like. When the permeable concrete floor is adopted, surface water can flow into the ground, the underground water is effectively protected, the urban heat island effect is relieved, and the surface water circulation is promoted. However, due to the combustion of a large amount of automobile fuel in cities, engine oil leakage, random disposal of electronic garbage, pollution of factories, garbage dumps and the like, when surface water is discharged into a sewage pipeline network through a ground structure, a lot of heavy metal pollutants are still enriched, certain heavy metal pollution is caused to soil around the cities, and further, environmental damages such as land degradation, biological diversity reduction and the like are caused. At present, the adsorption method for removing heavy metal ions has the advantages of low cost, wide material selection and the like, and is one of the common methods.
Patent CN110128076A discloses a C20 pervious concrete for efficiently purifying air and a preparation method thereof, wherein an adsorbent consisting of nano titanium dioxide, activated carbon fiber, modified diatomite, moss powder and TPU resin is added into the pervious concrete, so that the pervious concrete mainly adsorbs and purifies automobile exhaust, and the cost is high.
Coffee and tea, which are one of the three major beverages in the world, are used as waste coffee grounds after coffee production, which account for about 66% of the weight of the coffee beans, i.e., 2 tons of coffee grounds are discharged for every 1 ton of instant coffee produced. The current disposal method of coffee grounds is mainly landfill and incineration. The coffee grounds have a certain pore structure, and the main pore structure is coarse micropores, so that the coffee grounds have good adsorption capacity, and meanwhile, the coffee grounds contain more polar functional groups (alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, acid, phenol and ether), can be used as a multi-base ligand to perform complexation reaction with metal ions, and can effectively adsorb heavy metal ions.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of heavy metal pollution caused by surface water to soil around a city, the invention provides modified coffee grounds and a pervious concrete material using the same.
In order to make up for the defects, the invention provides modified coffee grounds, which are obtained by treating coffee grounds to be neutral through an alkaline solution, reacting with a mixed solution A and draining; the mixed solution A is a mixed aqueous solution of NaOH and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide;
the mass ratio of the coffee grounds to the mixed solution A is 1: 10-20g, namely 10-20g of the mixed solution is needed for every 1g of coffee grounds;
the concentration of NaOH in the mixed solution A is 100 g/L-200 g/L, and the concentration of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is 20 g/L-40 g/L.
The alkaline solution is selected from any one of KOH and NaOH solutions, and the concentration of the alkaline solution is 0.01-0.05 mol/L.
The specific preparation method of the modified coffee grounds comprises the following steps: pretreating coffee grounds for 0.5-1 h by using an alkaline solution, and then cleaning the coffee grounds to be neutral so as to remove oil in the coffee grounds; then adding a mixed aqueous solution of NaOH and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, reacting in a magnetic stirrer, and draining to increase adsorption sites on the surface of the coffee grounds; and then cleaning the drained solids with deionized water to be neutral, drying, and screening until the particle size is less than 0.5mm to obtain the modified coffee grounds.
The rotation speed of the magnetic stirrer is 200-300rpm, and the reaction time is 1-2 h.
The invention provides pervious concrete containing the modified coffee grounds, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
the cement is selected from any one of ordinary portland cement, slag portland cement and composite portland cement, and is preferably P.O42.5R ordinary portland cement.
The coarse aggregate is broken stone, and the fine aggregate is industrial sand.
The coarse aggregate has the following grain size ratio:
the gelling agent is selected from any one of polyvinyl acetate, polyoxyethylene and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
The water reducing agent is selected from any one of a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, a sulfonic acid water reducing agent and a lignin water reducing agent.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the pervious concrete, which comprises the following steps: the cement, the water, the coarse aggregate, the fine aggregate, the gelling agent, the water reducing agent and the modified coffee grounds are mixed and stirred according to a proportion, are placed in a model to be subjected to a static pressure forming process, are subjected to steam curing firstly to improve the strength of the pervious concrete material, and are subjected to standard curing till the age of 28 days.
The concrete operation of stirring includes: wetting contact equipment such as a stirrer, tools and the like with water, then pouring cement, a gelling agent, a water reducing agent and modified coffee grounds into the stirrer to be uniformly stirred, adding water into the stirrer to be stirred for 3-5 minutes, then adding coarse aggregates and fine aggregates into the stirrer, and continuously stirring the mixture until the mixture is uniform.
The static pressure forming process comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the pre-mixed mixture into a pressing die, wherein the test piece size is 100mm multiplied by l00mm multiplied by l00mm, and pressing and molding the mixture by a press machine to form the mixture under the pressure of 3-5 MPa.
Curing for 10-15 hours by using the steam; the standard curing temperature is controlled to be (20 +/-3) DEG C, and the relative humidity is 95 percent; and during maintenance, the concrete test pieces keep the distance of 30-50 mm.
The preparation process of the modified coffee grounds is simple, and the heavy metal adsorption capacity of the pervious concrete is improved and the risk of heavy metal pollution can be reduced by utilizing the modified coffee grounds. The method for preparing the pervious concrete by using the modified coffee grounds has the advantages of low cost, easy acquisition, good adsorption performance and small influence on the strength of the pervious concrete. In addition, the invention can efficiently utilize solid wastes, can improve economic benefits and can reduce pollution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an infrared spectrum of untreated coffee grounds and modified coffee grounds.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific examples so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the technical solutions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the examples.
Preparing modified coffee grounds:
50g of coffee grounds were pretreated with 0.01mol/L KOH alkaline solution for 60min and then washed to neutrality with deionized water. Then, 1L of a mixed solution of 200g/L NaOH and 30g/L cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was added to the mixture to react, and the reaction was carried out in a magnetic stirrer at 250rpm for 2 hours to increase adsorption sites on the surface of coffee grounds. And washing the drained solids with deionized water to be neutral, drying, and sieving with a 40-mesh sieve.
Mixing the raw coffeeThe infrared spectrum analysis of the coffee grounds and the modified coffee grounds is shown in figure 1. Compared with untreated coffee grounds, the modified coffee grounds have the following groups: -OH (3424.03 cm)-1) C ═ O (1773.88 cm), carboxyl, ester or aldehyde group-1And 1638.45cm-1) C-O of the ester group (1020.69cm-1), C-H of the aromatic ring (901.34cm-1, 834.27cm-1 and 783.28 cm-1). Obviously, the polar functional groups (ester groups and ketone groups) of the modified coffee grounds are increased, and the corresponding adsorption capacity is enhanced.
(II) preparing the pervious concrete:
example 1
The model of the jar type standard sieving machine developed by building materials of Chinese institute of building science is as follows: ZBSX 92A type, number of vibrations: 221min, swing stroke: 25mm, number of jarring: 147min, motor power: 0.37 Kw. 980g crushed stones were screened according to the sieve mesh size (mm) >20 (22.2%), 16-20 (28.8%), 10 (40%), and <5 (9%) coarse aggregate grading standards.
Wetting contact equipment such as a stirrer, a tool and the like with water, pouring the modified coffee grounds (17.5g), ordinary portland cement (332.5g) with the reference number of P.O 42.5.5, polyvinyl acetate (52.5g) and a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent (17.5g) into the stirrer, uniformly stirring, adding water (105g), stirring for 3-5 minutes, adding crushed stone (980g) and industrial sand (420g) into the stirrer, and continuously stirring until the mixture is uniform.
The resulting mixed slurry was poured into a 100mm × l00mm × l00mm mold, and pressed by a press to a molding pressure of 3 MPa. Steam curing for 10 hours, fully hydrating, curing for 28 days at the temperature of 20 +/-3 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95 percent, and demolding to obtain the final product (the modified coffee grounds permeable concrete).
Example 2
The model of the jar type standard sieving machine developed by building materials of Chinese institute of building science is as follows: ZBSX 92A type, number of vibrations: 221min, swing stroke: 25mm, number of jarring: 147min, motor power: 0.37 Kw. 980g crushed stones were screened according to the sieve mesh size (mm) >20 (22.2%), 16-20 (28.8%), 10 (40%), and <5 (9%) coarse aggregate grading standards.
Wetting contact equipment such as a stirrer, a tool and the like with water, pouring the modified coffee grounds (35g), the slag portland cement (315g) with the reference number of P.S 42.5.5, the polyoxyethylene (52.5g) and the sulfonic acid water reducing agent (17.5g) into the stirrer, uniformly stirring, adding water (105g), stirring for 3-5 minutes, adding the crushed stones (980g) and the industrial sand (420g) into the stirrer, and continuously stirring until the mixture is uniform.
The resulting mixed slurry was poured into a 100mm × l00mm × l00mm mold, and pressed by a press to a molding pressure of 3 MPa. Steam curing for 10 hours, fully hydrating, curing for 28 days at the temperature of 20 +/-3 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95 percent, and demolding to obtain the final product (the modified coffee grounds permeable concrete).
Example 3
The model of the jar type standard sieving machine developed by building materials of Chinese institute of building science is as follows: ZBSX 92A type, number of vibrations: 221min, swing stroke: 25mm, number of jarring: 147min, motor power: 0.37 Kw. 980g crushed stones were screened according to the sieve mesh size (mm) >20 (22.2%), 16-20 (28.8%), 10 (40%), and <5 (9%) coarse aggregate grading standards.
Wetting contact equipment such as a stirrer, a tool and the like with water, pouring the modified coffee grounds (52.5g), the composite portland cement (297.5g) with the reference number of P.C 42.5.5, the polyvinylpyrrolidone (52.5g) and the lignin water reducing agent (17.5g) into the stirrer, uniformly stirring, adding water (105g), stirring for 3-5 minutes, adding the crushed stone (980g) and the industrial sand (420g) into the stirrer, and continuously stirring until the mixture is uniform.
The resulting mixed slurry was poured into a 100mm × l00mm × l00mm mold, and pressed by a press to a molding pressure of 3 MPa. Steam curing for 10 hours, fully hydrating, curing for 28 days at the temperature of 20 +/-3 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95 percent, and demolding to obtain the final product (the modified coffee grounds permeable concrete).
Comparative example 1
The model of the jar type standard sieving machine developed by building materials of Chinese institute of building science is as follows: ZBSX 92A type, number of vibrations: 221min, swing stroke: 25mm, number of jarring: 147min, motor power: 0.37 Kw. 980g crushed stones were screened according to the sieve mesh size (mm) >20 (22.2%), 16-20 (28.8%), 10 (40%), and <5 (9%) coarse aggregate grading standards.
Wetting contact equipment such as a stirrer, a tool and the like with water, pouring ordinary portland cement (350g) with the reference number of P.O 42.5.5, polyvinyl acetate (52.5g) and a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent (17.5g) into the stirrer, uniformly stirring, adding water (105g), stirring for 3-5 minutes, adding crushed stone (980g) and industrial sand (420g) into the stirrer, and continuously stirring until the mixture is uniform.
The resulting mixed slurry was poured into a 100mm × l00mm × l00mm mold, and pressed by a press to a molding pressure of 3 MPa. Steam curing for 10 hours, fully hydrating, curing for 28 days at the temperature of 20 +/-3 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95 percent, and demolding to obtain the final product (pervious concrete).
Comparative example 2
The model of the jar type standard sieving machine developed by building materials of Chinese institute of building science is as follows: ZBSX 92A type, number of vibrations: 221min, swing stroke: 25mm, number of jarring: 147min, motor power: 0.37 Kw. 980g crushed stones were screened according to the sieve mesh size (mm) >20 (22.2%), 16-20 (28.8%), 10 (40%), and <5 (9%) coarse aggregate grading standards.
The contact equipment such as a stirrer, a tool and the like is wetted with water, then untreated coffee grounds (17.5g), ordinary portland cement (332.5g) with the reference number of P.O 42.5.5, polyvinyl acetate (52.5g) and a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent (17.5g) are poured into the stirrer and stirred uniformly, then water (105g) is added, and after stirring for 3-5 minutes, crushed stones (980g) and industrial sand (420g) are added into the stirrer and stirring is continued until the mixture is uniform.
The resulting mixed slurry was poured into a 100mm × l00mm × l00mm mold, and pressed by a press to a molding pressure of 3 MPa. Steam curing for 10 hours, fully hydrating, curing for 28 days at the temperature of 20 +/-3 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95 percent, and demolding to obtain the final product (the modified coffee grounds permeable concrete).
Performance testing
And (3) detecting the compressive strength: the pervious concrete of examples 1-3 and control groups 1-2 were tested for compressive strength, according to the standard of T/CSTM 00040-. As can be seen from Table 1, the compressive strength of the prepared pervious concrete decreased slightly in 28 days as the amount of the modified coffee grounds added increased. The 28-day compressive strength of the pervious concrete prepared by the doped modified coffee grounds is higher than 20MPa, which shows that the pervious concrete has small influence on the compressive strength after the modified coffee grounds are doped. The results obtained from the tests of example 1 and comparative example 2, however, show that the incorporation of untreated coffee grounds significantly reduces the strength of the pervious concrete.
TABLE 1 compressive Strength of pervious concrete with different coffee grounds
And (3) testing the adsorption performance: preparing Cu by selecting and using copper nitrate analytical purification2+A heavy metal ion solution. The initial concentration of the heavy metal ion solution is 1000mg/L, the pH value of the solution is 7, and the temperature is constant at 25 ℃. Placing the cubic test block of the modified coffee grounds permeable concrete in a beaker filled with 1L of heavy metal ion solution, covering the beaker with a plastic film, and measuring the concentration of copper ions in the solution at each adsorption time by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, wherein the adsorption duration is 24 h. Adsorption capacity q of heavy metal ions of modified coffee grounds permeable concretetCalculated as follows.
In the formula, C0And C1The initial concentration of the heavy metal ion solution and the concentration after 24 hours of adsorption are respectively mg/L; v is the volume of the heavy metal ion solution, and the volume adopted by the invention is 1L; w is the mass of the modified coffee grounds, g. The results are shown in Table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the pervious concrete without the modified coffee grounds can adsorb a small amount of copper ions due to the porosity, when the mass fraction of the doped modified coffee grounds is 15%, the adsorption amount is 8 times that of the pervious concrete without the modified coffee grounds, and the adsorption amount of the copper ions is continuously increased along with the increase of the mass fraction of the doped modified coffee grounds. In addition, the incorporation of untreatedThe adsorption capacity of the pervious concrete of the coffee grounds is far lower than that of the pervious concrete doped with the modified coffee grounds. The results show that the pervious concrete prepared from the modified coffee grounds has better adsorption performance.
TABLE 2 adsorption capacity of pervious concrete with different coffee grounds
Claims (10)
1. A modified coffee grounds, characterized in that: the modified coffee grounds are obtained by treating coffee grounds to be neutral through an alkaline solution, reacting with the mixed solution A and draining; the mixed solution A is a mixed aqueous solution of NaOH and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide;
the mass ratio of the coffee grounds to the mixed solution A is 1: 10-20 parts of;
the concentration of NaOH in the mixed solution A is 100 g/L-200 g/L, and the concentration of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is 20 g/L-40 g/L.
2. The modified coffee grounds according to claim 1, wherein the alkaline solution is selected from any one of KOH and NaOH solutions, and the concentration of the alkaline solution is 0.01-0.05 mol/L.
3. A method for preparing modified coffee grounds according to claim 1 or 2, which comprises the following steps: pretreating coffee grounds for 0.5-1 h by using an alkaline solution, and then cleaning the coffee grounds to be neutral; and then adding a mixed aqueous solution of NaOH and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, reacting in a magnetic stirrer, draining, cleaning the drained solid with deionized water to be neutral, drying, and sieving until the particle size is less than 0.5mm to obtain the modified coffee grounds.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the rotation speed of the magnetic stirrer is 200-300rpm, and the reaction time is 1-2 h.
5. The pervious concrete containing the modified coffee grounds of claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass:
20-30 parts by mass of cement,
5-15 parts by mass of water,
50-60 parts by mass of coarse aggregate,
15-25 parts by mass of a fine aggregate,
2-3 parts by mass of a gelling agent,
1-2 parts by mass of a water reducing agent,
1-3 parts of modified coffee grounds.
6. The pervious concrete according to claim 5, wherein the cement is selected from any one of ordinary portland cement, slag portland cement and composite portland cement;
the coarse aggregate adopts broken stones, and the fine aggregate adopts industrial sand;
the coarse aggregate has the following grain size ratio:
the gelling agent is selected from any one of polyvinyl acetate, polyoxyethylene and polyvinylpyrrolidone;
the water reducing agent is selected from any one of a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, a sulfonic acid water reducing agent and a lignin water reducing agent.
7. The pervious concrete of claim 6, characterized in that said cement is p.o42.5r ordinary portland cement.
8. The method for preparing a pervious concrete according to any one of claims 5 to 7, comprising: mixing and stirring the cement, the water, the coarse aggregate, the fine aggregate, the gelling agent, the water reducing agent and the modified coffee grounds according to a proportion, placing the mixture in a model, adopting a static pressure forming process, then carrying out steam curing firstly to improve the strength of the pervious concrete material, and finally adopting standard curing until the age reaches 28 days;
the static pressure forming process comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the pre-mixed mixture into a pressing die, wherein the test piece size is 100mm multiplied by l00mm multiplied by l00mm, and pressing and molding the mixture by a press machine to form the mixture under the pressure of 3-5 MPa.
9. The method for preparing pervious concrete according to claim 8, wherein the concrete operation of stirring comprises: wetting contact equipment such as a stirrer, tools and the like with water, then pouring cement, a gelling agent, a water reducing agent and modified coffee grounds into the stirrer to be uniformly stirred, adding water into the stirrer to be stirred for 3-5 minutes, then adding coarse aggregates and fine aggregates into the stirrer, and continuously stirring the mixture until the mixture is uniform.
10. The method for preparing pervious concrete according to claim 8, wherein the steam curing is carried out for 10-15 hours; the standard curing temperature is controlled to be (20 +/-3) DEG C, and the relative humidity is 95 percent; and during maintenance, the concrete test pieces keep the distance of 30-50 mm.
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