CN114346780A - Method for controlling radial runout of crankshaft - Google Patents
Method for controlling radial runout of crankshaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN114346780A CN114346780A CN202111613222.7A CN202111613222A CN114346780A CN 114346780 A CN114346780 A CN 114346780A CN 202111613222 A CN202111613222 A CN 202111613222A CN 114346780 A CN114346780 A CN 114346780A
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- crankshaft
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- cylindrical section
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for controlling radial runout of a crankshaft, wherein two ends of the crankshaft are respectively supported by equal-height V-shaped irons, central spigots on two end faces of the crankshaft are bored, choke plugs are turned according to the shape and the size of the spigots on the two end faces of the crankshaft, the choke plugs are pressed into the central spigots on the two end faces of the crankshaft, a small cylindrical section of the choke plug is inserted into a shaft hole of the crankshaft, a middle cylindrical section is pressed into the central spigot, the outer circular surface of the middle cylindrical section is flatly attached to the inner wall of the central spigot, the inner end surface of a large cylindrical section is attached to the end face of the crankshaft, a grinding machine is arranged on the crankshaft, and central conical holes of the choke plugs on the front and rear top of the grinding machine are finely ground. The defects that the radial run-out of the crankshaft machined by the grinding machine is large due to the large roundness and angle errors of the shaft hole caused by the complex space shape of the crankshaft, the uneven rotation inertia, the unequal opening and closing of each crank arm and the like of the shaft hole on the crankshaft body are overcome; the radial runout of the crankshaft is reduced, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to a method for controlling radial runout of a crankshaft.
Background
The crankshaft is an important part of a reciprocating engine, can convert linear motion into rotary motion, bears large torque and alternating bending stress during working, and is easy to generate vibration, break and journal abrasion. The crankshaft has smaller and better run-out requirement from the aspects of design and use effect, the working environment of the crankshaft is poorer, and higher requirements are provided for the run-out of the main journal in actual work
The crankshaft has irregular shape, complex structure, high technical requirement and great manufacturing difficulty. Finished products often have large radial run out, which is a current manufacturing challenge. In the manufacturing process of medium and high speed diesel engine crankshafts, a grinding machine is the most important device for controlling the runout of the crankshafts. The crankshaft is clamped between the two centers of the grinding machine, and a shifting fork (a shifting fork is fixed on a chuck) of the machine head drives the crankshaft to rotate. The central hole of the crankshaft body is the most main precise standard, and the central hole plays an important role in the whole machining of the crankshaft and has important influence on the form and position tolerance of the crankshaft, particularly the radial runout of the crankshaft.
Before grinding a crankshaft, central holes at two ends of the crankshaft are machined in a crankshaft rotation mode on a lathe, and because the crankshaft is not dynamically balanced, the space shape is complex, the rotation inertia is not uniform, and the crank arms are opened and closed differently, the roundness and the angle of the central holes cannot meet ideal requirements. The grinding machine adopts the center hole, which easily causes the large runout of the crankshaft. When the roundness of the central hole of the crankshaft is about 0.03, the main journal jumps by 0.13-0.18 mm after fine grinding. The roundness of the central hole of the crankshaft is within 0.015mm, the runout fluctuation of the main journal is small, and the average value is within 0.08-0.12 mm, so that the roundness of the central hole is improved, and the runout of the main journal can be reduced.
In production practice, when the crankshaft is ground by a grinding machine, the precision requirement is high, the form and position precision of the central hole which is the most important precise reference of the crankshaft directly influences the manufacturing precision of the crankshaft, and if the crankshaft adopts the central hole of the body, the requirements of the form and position tolerance and the dimensional tolerance are difficult to guarantee, even cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention discloses a crankshaft radial run-out control method capable of reducing radial run-out and improving production efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for controlling radial run-out of a crankshaft, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: two ends of the crankshaft are respectively supported by the equal-height V-shaped irons, a main journal on the crankshaft is supported by the equal-height V-shaped irons, and the equal-height V-shaped irons are symmetrically arranged;
step 2: boring central spigots on two end faces of the crankshaft;
and step 3: turning a choke plug according to the shape and the size of the rabbets on the two end faces of the crankshaft;
the choke plug comprises a large cylindrical section, a middle cylindrical section and a small cylindrical section, the outer diameter of the small cylindrical section is consistent with the inner diameter of the crankshaft shaft hole, the outer diameter of the middle cylindrical section is consistent with the inner diameter of the central spigot, and the outer diameter of the large cylindrical section is larger than that of the middle cylindrical section;
and 4, step 4: pressing a choke plug into central spigots of two end surfaces of the crankshaft, inserting a small cylindrical section of the choke plug into a shaft hole of the crankshaft, pressing a middle cylindrical section into the central spigot, flatly pasting an outer circular surface of the middle cylindrical section with the inner wall of the central spigot, and pasting an inner end surface of a large cylindrical section with the end surface of the crankshaft;
and 5: and (3) accurately grinding each main journal of the crankshaft and each main journal through central taper holes of front and rear top choke plugs of the crankshaft grinding machine.
Furthermore, in the step 1, a dial indicator is adopted to drag and level the upper bus and the side bus of the crankshaft, the central axis of the whole crankshaft is parallel to the plane of the machine tool guide rail, the crankshaft is in a horizontal natural state, and the end faces of the two ends of the crankshaft are parallel and level.
Furthermore, in the step 2, the cylindricity of the rabbets on the two end faces is less than or equal to 0.01 mm.
Further, in the step 3, the size of the finish turning bulkhead guarantees the magnitude of interference of 0.04-0.06 mm; the roundness of the excircle of the middle cylindrical section is less than or equal to 0.01 mm; the verticality of the inner end surface of the large cylindrical section is less than or equal to 0.01 mm; the taper of the central taper hole is consistent with the taper of the top of the grinding machine, and the roundness of the central taper hole is less than or equal to 0.01 mm.
Furthermore, in the step 4, the middle cylindrical section is pressed into the central spigot, and the outer circular surface of the middle cylindrical section is flush with the inner wall of the central spigot, so that the feeler gauge with the thickness of 0.02mm cannot enter the feeler gauge.
Further, in the step 5, the contact surface of the central taper hole and the tip is more than or equal to 85%.
Further, the detection method for detecting whether the contact surface of the central taper hole and the tip is more than or equal to 85% comprises the following steps: coloring to check the quality of the central taper hole of the choke plug, coating the central taper hole of the choke plug with red lead liquid, ejecting the central taper hole of the choke plug by a top tip of a grinding machine, withdrawing the top tip, checking the contact condition of the top tip and the red oil film on the matching surface of the central taper hole, and determining to be qualified if the contact surface is more than or equal to 85 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the press fitting choke plug is arranged at the center spigot of the end face of the crankshaft, so that the defect that the radial runout of the crankshaft machined by a grinding machine is large due to large roundness and angle errors of the shaft hole caused by complex space shape of the crankshaft, uneven rotation inertia, unequal opening and closing of each crank arm and the like of the shaft hole on the crankshaft body is overcome; the radial runout of the crankshaft is reduced, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a crankshaft in substance;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the central spigot at both ends of the crankshaft;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the bulkhead structure;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the clamping state of the grinding machine after the crankshaft is pressed and mounted with the choke plug;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of crankshaft final radial run out detection
Wherein, the device comprises a crankshaft 1, a spigot 1.1, a main journal 1.2, a choke plug 2, a middle cylindrical section 2.1, a large cylindrical section 2.2, a central taper hole 2.3, a centre 3, a fork 4, a grinding machine center frame 5, a fixed support frame 7-V and a floating support frame 8-V.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method for controlling the radial run-out of the crankshaft comprises the following steps:
step 1: two ends of the crankshaft are respectively supported by the equal-height V-shaped irons, a main journal on the crankshaft is supported by the equal-height V-shaped irons, and the equal-height V-shaped irons are symmetrically arranged; then, a dial indicator is adopted to drag and level the upper bus and the side bus of the crankshaft, the central axis of the whole crankshaft is parallel to the plane of a machine tool guide rail, so that the crankshaft is in a horizontal natural state, and the end faces of two ends of the crankshaft are level;
step 2: boring central spigots on two end faces of the crankshaft, wherein the cylindricity of the two end face spigots is less than or equal to 0.01 mm;
and step 3: turning a choke plug according to the shape and the size of the rabbets on the two end faces of the crankshaft; the choke plug comprises a large cylindrical section, a middle cylindrical section and a small cylindrical section, the outer diameter of the small cylindrical section is consistent with the inner diameter of the crankshaft shaft hole, the outer diameter of the middle cylindrical section is consistent with the inner diameter of the central spigot, and the outer diameter of the large cylindrical section is larger than that of the middle cylindrical section;
the choke plug is simple in shape and light in weight, so that the lathe is easy to process, and the roundness of the outer circle of the matching surface, the verticality of the end surface and the taper of the central taper hole are easy to guarantee; the contour dimension of the finish turning choke plug ensures the interference magnitude of 0.04-0.06 mm, the radial runout of the crankshaft can be reduced by 0.02-0.06 mm, when the interference magnitude is less than 0.04mm, the choke plug fitting surface and the crankshaft spigot are easy to loosen and skew in the grinding process of the crankshaft, the runout of the crankshaft is influenced slightly, and when the interference magnitude is more than 0.06mm, the choke plug is not easy to press fit into the spigot; the roundness of the outer circle of the middle cylindrical section is less than or equal to 0.01mm, the middle cylindrical section is matched with the central spigot, the radial runout of the crankshaft can be reduced by 0.02-0.06 mm, when the roundness is greater than 0.03mm, the radial runout of the crankshaft is larger, and when the roundness is greater than 0.01mm and less than or equal to 0.03mm, the radial runout of the crankshaft is not large compared with the shaft hole of the top crankshaft body; the verticality of the inner end surface of the large cylindrical section is less than or equal to 0.01mm, the taper of the central taper hole is consistent with that of the tip by 60 degrees, and the roundness of the central taper hole is less than or equal to 0.01 mm;
and 4, step 4: the choke plug is pressed into central spigots of two end faces of the crankshaft, a small cylindrical section of the choke plug is inserted into a shaft hole of the crankshaft, the middle cylindrical section is pressed into the central spigot, the outer circular surface of the middle cylindrical section is flush with the inner wall of the central spigot, a 0.02mm feeler gauge cannot be inserted, and the radial runout of the crankshaft can be reduced by 0.02-0.06 mm; meanwhile, the inner end surface of the large cylindrical section is attached to the end surface of the crankshaft;
and 5: the crankshaft is arranged on a grinding machine, central taper holes of front and rear top choke plugs of the grinding machine are used for finely grinding each main journal of the crankshaft, each main journal is finely ground, and finally the radial runout of the crankshaft is reduced by 0.02-0.06 mm;
the contact surface between the central taper hole and the tip is required to be more than or equal to 85%, and the radial runout of the crankshaft can be reduced by 0.02-0.06 mm. When the contact surface is less than 75%, the radial runout of the crankshaft is serious, and when the contact surface is more than or equal to 75% and less than 85%, the data difference between the radial runout of the crankshaft and the shaft hole of the top crankshaft body is not obvious.
The specific inspection process is as follows:
coloring to check the quality of the central taper hole of the choke plug, coating the central taper hole of the choke plug with red lead liquid, ejecting the central taper hole of the choke plug by a top tip of a grinding machine, withdrawing the top tip, checking the contact condition of the top tip and the red oil film on the matching surface of the central taper hole, and determining to be qualified if the contact surface is more than or equal to 85 percent.
The method for controlling the radial runout of the crankshaft is specifically explained by combining the accompanying drawings:
processing central spigots 1.1 on two end faces of a crankshaft 1, pressing a choke plug 2 into the central spigot 1.1, matching the outer circular face of a middle cylindrical section 2.1 of the choke plug with the inner wall of the central spigot 1.1, flatly pasting the inner end face of a large cylindrical section 2.2 with the end face of the crankshaft 1, pushing a center taper hole 2.3 of the choke plug 2 by a tip 3, ensuring that the contact surface between the center taper hole 2.3 of the choke plug 2 and the tip 3 is more than or equal to 85%, driving the crankshaft 1 to rotate by a shifting fork 4, supporting a main journal 1.2 of the crankshaft 1 by a central frame 5 of each grinding machine, and finely grinding each main journal 1.2. After the crankshaft is finely ground, the granite platform is installed, two ends of the granite platform are supported by the V-shaped fixed supporting frames 7, the middle of the granite platform is supported by the V-shaped floating supporting frames 8, the rollers in the V-shaped supporting frames are adjusted, the crankshaft is in a horizontal natural state, the dial indicator sequentially checks 1.2 run-out values of main journals of the crankshaft, and compared with detection data of a center hole of a top body of the grinding machine, the 1.2 radial run-out values of the main shaft diameters of the crankshaft are reduced by 0.02-0.06 mm.
When the crankshaft radial runout control method is adopted, when the roundness of a crankshaft shaft hole is about 0.03, after fine grinding, the runout of a main journal is 0.13-0.18 mm, the roundness of the crankshaft shaft hole is within 0.015mm, the runout fluctuation of the main journal is small, and the average value is within 0.08-0.12 mm, so that the roundness of the shaft hole is improved, and the runout of the main journal is reduced.
For example, the main journal cylindricity of a certain high-speed diesel engine crankshaft is not concave accurately when the main journal cylindricity is 0.005; adjacent main journals jump 0.03mm, the main journal jump is less than or equal to 0.1mm, and (1-13) the surface roughness Ra of the main journals is less than or equal to 0.4; the dimensional tolerance of the main journal is +0.005/-0.01mm, so high requirement is that the crankshaft is ground by the grinding machine top crankshaft body center hole, and the main journal is checked to be 0.12mm in runout. Through repeated tests after analysis, the choke plugs are pressed on two end faces of the crankshaft, the roundness of central holes of the choke plugs is less than or equal to 0.01, the central holes of the choke plugs are pushed on the top of a grinding machine to grind the crankshaft, the runout of a main journal is 0.06-0.10 mm, and the radial runout is reduced by 0.02-0.06 mm.
In production practice, when the crankshaft is ground by a grinding machine, the precision requirement is high, the shape and position precision of the central hole which is the most important precise reference of the crankshaft directly influences the manufacturing precision of the crankshaft, and if the crankshaft adopts the shaft hole of the body, the requirements of the shape and position tolerance and the dimensional tolerance are difficult to guarantee, even cannot be guaranteed. In order to solve the problem, the method for press mounting the choke plugs on the two end surfaces of the crankshaft solves the problem that the radial run-out of the crankshaft machined by the grinding machine is slightly large due to large roundness and angle errors of the shaft holes on the crankshaft body caused by complex space shape of the crankshaft, uneven rotation inertia, different opening and closing of crank arms and the like, thereby retaining the run-out of the crankshaft and greatly improving the production efficiency.
Claims (7)
1. A method for controlling radial run-out of a crankshaft is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: two ends of the crankshaft are respectively supported by the equal-height V-shaped irons, a main journal on the crankshaft is supported by the equal-height V-shaped irons, and the equal-height V-shaped irons are symmetrically arranged;
step 2: boring central spigots on two end faces of the crankshaft;
and step 3: turning a choke plug according to the shape and the size of the rabbets on the two end faces of the crankshaft;
the choke plug comprises a large cylindrical section, a middle cylindrical section and a small cylindrical section, the outer diameter of the small cylindrical section is consistent with the inner diameter of the crankshaft shaft hole, the outer diameter of the middle cylindrical section is consistent with the inner diameter of the central spigot, and the outer diameter of the large cylindrical section is larger than that of the middle cylindrical section;
and 4, step 4: pressing a choke plug into central spigots of two end surfaces of the crankshaft, inserting a small cylindrical section of the choke plug into a shaft hole of the crankshaft, pressing a middle cylindrical section into the central spigot, flatly pasting an outer circular surface of the middle cylindrical section with the inner wall of the central spigot, and pasting an inner end surface of a large cylindrical section with the end surface of the crankshaft;
and 5: and (3) accurately grinding each main journal of the crankshaft and each main journal through central taper holes of front and rear top choke plugs of the crankshaft grinding machine.
2. The crankshaft radial run-out control method as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, a dial indicator is further adopted to drag and level the upper bus and the side bus of the crankshaft, the central axis of the whole crankshaft is parallel to the plane of the machine tool guide rail, the crankshaft is in a horizontal natural state, and the end faces of the two ends of the crankshaft are parallel and level.
3. The crankshaft radial run-out control method as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the step 2, the cylindricity of the rabbets on the two end faces is less than or equal to 0.01 mm.
4. The crankshaft radial run-out control method as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the step 3, the size of the finish turning bulkhead guarantees the magnitude of interference of 0.04-0.06 mm; the roundness of the excircle of the middle cylindrical section is less than or equal to 0.01 mm; the verticality of the inner end surface of the large cylindrical section is less than or equal to 0.01 mm; the taper of the central taper hole is consistent with the taper of the top of the grinding machine, and the roundness of the central taper hole is less than or equal to 0.01 mm.
5. The crankshaft radial run-out control method as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, the middle cylindrical section is pressed into the central spigot, and the outer circular surface of the middle cylindrical section is flush with the inner wall of the central spigot, so that a feeler gauge with the thickness of 0.02mm cannot enter the feeler gauge.
6. The crankshaft radial run-out control method as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the step 5, the contact surface of the central taper hole and the center is more than or equal to 85 percent.
7. The crankshaft radial run-out control method as set forth in claim 6, wherein: the detection method for detecting whether the contact surface of the central taper hole and the tip is more than or equal to 85% comprises the following steps: coloring to check the quality of the central taper hole of the choke plug, coating the central taper hole of the choke plug with red lead liquid, ejecting the central taper hole of the choke plug by a top tip of a grinding machine, withdrawing the top tip, checking the contact condition of the top tip and the red oil film on the matching surface of the central taper hole, and determining to be qualified if the contact surface is more than or equal to 85 percent.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111613222.7A CN114346780A (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2021-12-27 | Method for controlling radial runout of crankshaft |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111613222.7A CN114346780A (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2021-12-27 | Method for controlling radial runout of crankshaft |
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| CN114346780A true CN114346780A (en) | 2022-04-15 |
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| CN202111613222.7A Pending CN114346780A (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2021-12-27 | Method for controlling radial runout of crankshaft |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102139464A (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2011-08-03 | 上海伟尔泵业有限公司 | Plug matched with end part of shaft to be ground |
| CN202006423U (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2011-10-12 | 永安市金声机械有限公司 | Cushion cover type elastic center device for conical surface grinding of crankshaft |
| CN202079482U (en) * | 2011-05-22 | 2011-12-21 | 西安西光机械制造有限公司 | Positioning device for crucible rod machined by grinding machine |
| CN207077321U (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2018-03-09 | 太原重工股份有限公司 | Silently |
| CN112108843A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-22 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Crankshaft machining process |
-
2021
- 2021-12-27 CN CN202111613222.7A patent/CN114346780A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102139464A (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2011-08-03 | 上海伟尔泵业有限公司 | Plug matched with end part of shaft to be ground |
| CN202006423U (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2011-10-12 | 永安市金声机械有限公司 | Cushion cover type elastic center device for conical surface grinding of crankshaft |
| CN202079482U (en) * | 2011-05-22 | 2011-12-21 | 西安西光机械制造有限公司 | Positioning device for crucible rod machined by grinding machine |
| CN207077321U (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2018-03-09 | 太原重工股份有限公司 | Silently |
| CN112108843A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-22 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Crankshaft machining process |
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