CN114346136B - TiAl turbine blade stress-temperature double plastic-increasing near-net forming method - Google Patents
TiAl turbine blade stress-temperature double plastic-increasing near-net forming method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a TiAl turbine blade stress-temperature double-plasticizing near-net-shape forming method, which comprises the following steps: step one, blank sandwich pretreatment: placing TiAl bar wrapped glass fiber into a pre-stressed ring in an interference fit manner for sealing to form a sandwich sealing structure; step two, blank heating, pressure generation, lubrication and heat insulation: integrally heating the sandwich sealing structure containing the TiAl bar to 1000-1200 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-360 min; step three, rapidly transferring and cooling the blank: rapidly transferring the sandwich sealing structure to a blade forging die, and spraying a lubricant on the outer layer metal armor for cooling after transferring; step four, after the outer layer of metal armor is cooled to the specified temperature, the temperature is reduced for 0.1-10 s ‑1 And quickly forging and forming the TiAl blade at the strain rate to obtain the TiAl blade. By using the method, the internal defects of TiAl single crystal casting can be forged, the structural performance is strengthened by deformation, and the manufacturing efficiency and the material utilization rate are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a forging forming method of a metal blade, in particular to a stress-temperature double-plasticizing near-net forming method of a TiAl turbine blade, and belongs to the technical field of material processing.
Background
The TiAl alloy as a new-generation high-temperature-resistant alloy has the advantages of high strength and good stability, the density of the TiAl alloy is only half of that of the traditional nickel-based alloy, the TiAl alloy is used as an aeroengine turbine blade material instead of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy used at the temperature of 600-750 ℃, the fuel efficiency can be improved by 20%, and the TiAl alloy is the best novel light structural material which is recognized at present.
To continue to improve turbine efficiency and improve overall engine performance, the most effective approach is to use high temperature single crystal blades. The single crystal blade only has one crystal grain, so that all crystal grain boundaries are eliminated, the possibility of generating holes and cracks is reduced, and crystal grain boundary strengthening elements are not required to be added, so that the initial melting temperature of the alloy is relatively increased, and the high-temperature strength of the alloy is improved. The high-temperature TiAl single crystal material has room-temperature tensile yield strength of 708MPa, yield strength of 637MPa at 900 ℃, excellent creep resistance, and the use of the TiAl single crystal as a blade material is expected to increase the use temperature of the existing TiAl alloy to over 900 ℃.
However, for the TiAl material, because the TiAl material still has high strength at high temperature, high requirements are put forward on the tonnage of equipment, and if isothermal forging is adopted, the requirements on the high-temperature performance of the die material are extremely high, and the cost is obviously increased; in addition, the TiAl material has low plasticity at low temperature and complicated blade shape, so that the TiAl material is easy to crack during forming, the forming temperature is increased, and the TiAl material may have phase change at high temperature to deteriorate the structure performance. Therefore, the TiAl material has the defects of poor plasticity, high deformation resistance and narrow forming temperature range, and the existing forging forming methods have great defects.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that when the existing TiAl alloy forging method is used for forging a TiAl material, blank plasticity is low and easy to crack, phase change is easy to occur at high temperature, the cost of a die is high and the like, the invention provides the TiAl blade forming method, which utilizes stress-temperature dual plasticization to ensure that the TiAl material is toughened from brittle and the plasticity is greatly improved, and controls the phase change by adjusting the strain rate to avoid the deterioration of the structure performance of the TiAl material or the transformation of a TiAl single crystal into a polycrystalline structure.
The invention is realized in such a way that:
a stress-temperature double-plasticizing near-net forming method for a TiAl turbine blade comprises the following steps:
step one, blank sandwich pretreatment: placing TiAl bar materials wrapping glass fibers into a pre-stress ring in an interference fit mode for sealing to form a sandwich sealing structure, wherein the outermost layer of the sandwich sealing structure is a metal armor providing pre-stress, the middle layer is the glass fibers, and the core part is the TiAl bar materials;
step two, blank heating, pressure generation, lubrication and heat insulation: integrally heating a sandwich sealing structure containing a TiAl bar material to a certain temperature and preserving heat for a period of time;
step three, rapidly transferring and cooling the blank: rapidly transferring the sandwich sealing structure containing the TiAl bar onto a blade forging die, and spraying a lubricant on the outer-layer metal armor for cooling after transferring;
and fourthly, after the outer layer of the metal armor is cooled to the specified temperature, rapidly forging and forming at a certain strain rate to obtain the TiAl blade.
The further scheme is as follows:
in the first step, the outer layer metal armor is heated to expand, the inner diameter is increased, the TiAl bar wrapped by the glass fiber is placed into the inner diameter of the metal armor, and after the TiAl bar is cooled, the TiAl bar shrinks to form interference fit, so that pre-compression stress is formed on the TiAl bar at the core part.
The further scheme is as follows:
in the first step, the outermost layer is provided with a pre-stressed metal armor, the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal armor is smaller than that of the TiAl material, and the expansion coefficient of the TiAl material is 10-13.
The further scheme is as follows:
the metal armor material is titanium alloy or thermal expansion alloy.
The further scheme is as follows:
the titanium alloy is TA titanium alloy, TB titanium alloy or TC titanium alloy; the thermal expansion alloy is 4J45 steel or 4J29 steel.
The further scheme is as follows:
in the second step, the whole sandwich sealing structure is heated to 450-800 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 1-60 min; then heating to 1000-1200 ℃, and then preserving heat for 1-360 min.
The further scheme is as follows:
in the third step, the sandwich sealing structure is transferred to the blade forging die within 2-7 s.
The further scheme is as follows:
in the third step, a cold die is selected as a forging die, the metal armor is cooled to 20-500 ℃ by the forging die, and the shrinkage of the metal armor applies three-dimensional compressive stress to the TiAl bar material of the core.
The further scheme is as follows:
in the fourth step, the outer layer of metal armor is cooled to 200-500 ℃.
The further scheme is as follows:
in the fourth step, the strain rate is 0.1-10 s -1 。
In the second step of the method, the outer metal armor after heating can generate 50-200 MPa of pre-stress on a core TiAl bar material because the pre-stress and the thermal expansion coefficient are smaller than TiAl, and simultaneously, the glass fiber is converted from a solid state to a flowing state at high temperature and high pressure to form a continuous, compact and malleable compression-resistant film layer which plays roles of lubrication and heat insulation.
In the fourth step, the core TiAl bar material can still keep a high-temperature (900-1100 ℃) state in forging forming due to the heat insulation of the glass fiber, the strength of the external metal armor is far higher than that of the core TiAl bar material, and a strong three-way high-pressure (700-2000 MPa) effect is exerted on the core TiAl bar material by the room-temperature die cavity and the external metal armor in the forming process, so that the plasticity of the core TiAl bar material is greatly improved.
According to research, when the material is in a three-dimensional compressive stress state, the plasticity is highest, and the higher the compressive stress value is, the better the plasticity is, and the more beneficial to forming is.
According to the invention, through the sandwich sealing structure in interference fit, the three-dimensional compressive stress effect is provided by utilizing the thermal expansion coefficients and the temperature difference of the outer metal armor and the core TiAl bar material, and the plasticity of the core TiAl material is improved. Due to the heat insulation effect of the glass fiber in the middle layer, when the temperature of the outer layer metal armor is reduced to 20-500 ℃, the core TiAl bar can still be kept at 900-1100 ℃, the plasticity is not reduced, meanwhile, the strength of the metal armor is far higher than that of the core TiAl bar, at the moment, the forming is carried out, the three-dimensional high-pressure effect of 700-2000 MPa is exerted on the core TiAl bar by the room-temperature die cavity and the outer layer metal armor, and the plasticity of the material is greatly increased under the double plasticizing effect of stress-temperature. In addition, according to different forming temperatures, different strain rates are selected for forming, the phase change point is controlled, and the TiAl single crystal is prevented from being transformed into a polycrystalline structure in the forming process. By utilizing the method, the internal defects of TiAl single crystal casting can be forged, the structural performance is strengthened by deformation, and meanwhile, the product precision is higher by forming the die at room temperature, so that the manufacturing efficiency and the material utilization rate can be obviously improved, the requirements on the die are reduced, and the cost is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in the attached figure 1, the stress-temperature double-plasticizing near-net-shape forming method of the TiAl turbine blade adopts a TiAl single-crystal bar material as the TiAl turbine blade material, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, blank sandwich pretreatment: wrapping a TiAl single crystal bar material 1 with the diameter of 30mm and the length of 120mm by using glass fiber, wrapping the TiAl single crystal bar material with the thickness of 3mm, heating TC1 metal armor 3 with the inner diameter of 35.8mm and the outer diameter of 45mm to 1200 ℃ to expand the metal armor, increasing the inner diameter to 36mm, putting the TiAl single crystal bar material wrapped by the glass fiber 2 into the inner diameter of the TC1 metal armor, and cooling to form interference fit to form a sandwich sealing structure;
step two, blank heating, pressure generation, lubrication and heat insulation: the sandwich sealing structure containing the TiAl single-crystal bar is integrally heated to 700 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30min, then the temperature is raised to 1200 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30min, and the glass fiber is converted from a solid state to a flowing state under high temperature and high pressure to form a continuous, compact and malleable compression-resistant film layer which plays roles of lubrication and heat insulation;
step three, rapidly transferring and cooling the blank: rapidly transferring the sandwich sealing structure containing the TiAl single-crystal bar onto a blade forging die for 5s, and spraying a lubricant on the outer-layer metal armor for cooling after transferring;
fourthly, after the outer layer of metal armor is cooled to 500 ℃, the temperature of the core TiAl single crystal bar is 1100 ℃, and a cold die is adopted for 10s -1 The TiAl single crystal blade is obtained by rapid forging and forming of the strain rate.
Example 2
The stress-temperature double-plasticizing near-net forming method for the TiAl turbine blade adopts a Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb material as the TiAl turbine blade material, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, blank sandwich pretreatment: wrapping a Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb bar with the diameter of 35mm and the length of 120mm by using glass fiber, wrapping the Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb bar with the thickness of 3mm, heating 4J45 metal armor with the inner diameter of 40.9mm and the outer diameter of 50mm to 1200 ℃ to expand the metal armor, increasing the inner diameter to 41mm, putting the Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb bar wrapped by the glass fiber into the inner diameter of the 4J45 metal armor, and cooling to form interference fit to form a sandwich sealing structure;
step two, blank heating, pressure generation, lubrication and heat insulation: the sandwich sealing structure containing the Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb bar stock is integrally heated to 600 ℃, the temperature is kept for 20min, then the temperature is raised to 1000 ℃, the temperature is kept for 60min, the glass fiber is converted into a flowing state from a solid state at high temperature and high pressure, a continuous, compact and malleable compression-resistant film layer is formed, and the effects of lubrication and heat insulation are achieved;
step three, rapidly transferring and cooling the blank: rapidly transferring the sandwich sealing structure containing the TiAl single-crystal bar onto a blade forging die for 5s, and spraying a lubricant on the outer-layer metal armor for cooling after transferring;
step four, after the outer layer of metal armor is cooled to 200 ℃, the temperature of the core TiAl single crystal bar is 900 ℃, and a cold die is adopted for 1s -1 And quickly forging and forming the TiAl blade at the strain rate to obtain the TiAl blade.
Although the present invention has been described herein with reference to the illustrated embodiments thereof, which are intended to be preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto, and that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure.
Claims (7)
1. A stress-temperature double-plasticizing near-net-shape forming method for a TiAl turbine blade is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, blank sandwich pretreatment: placing TiAl bar materials wrapping glass fibers into a pre-stress ring in an interference fit mode for sealing to form a sandwich sealing structure, wherein the outermost layer of the sandwich sealing structure is a metal armor for providing pre-stress, the middle layer is glass fibers, and the core part is a TiAl bar material; wherein the outermost layer provides a precompressed metal armor, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal armor is smaller than that of a TiAl bar stock;
the method for forming the pre-stress comprises the following steps: heating the outer metal armor to expand, increasing the inner diameter, putting the TiAl bar wrapped by the glass fiber into the inner diameter of the metal armor, cooling, and then contracting to form interference fit to form pre-compressive stress on the TiAl bar of the core;
step two, blank heating, pressure generation, lubrication and heat insulation: integrally heating a sandwich sealing structure containing a TiAl bar material to a certain temperature and preserving heat for a period of time;
step three, rapidly transferring and cooling the blank: rapidly transferring the sandwich sealing structure containing the TiAl bar onto a blade forging die, and spraying a lubricant on the outer-layer metal armor for cooling after transferring; when the temperature of the outer layer metal armor is reduced to 20-500 ℃, the TiAl bar at the core part can still be kept at 900-1100 ℃;
and step four, after the outer layer metal armor is cooled to the specified temperature, rapidly forging and forming at a certain strain rate to obtain the TiAl turbine blade.
2. The TiAl turbine blade stress-temperature dual-plasticizing near-net-shape forming method of claim 1, characterized in that:
the metal armor material is thermal expansion alloy.
3. The TiAl turbine blade stress-temperature dual-plasticizing near-net-shape forming method of claim 2, characterized in that:
the thermal expansion alloy is titanium alloy, 4J45 steel or 4J29 steel, and the titanium alloy is TA titanium alloy, TB titanium alloy or TC titanium alloy.
4. The TiAl turbine blade stress-temperature double-plasticizing near-net-shape forming method of claim 1, which is characterized in that:
in the second step, the whole sandwich sealing structure is heated to 450-800 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 1-60 min; then heating to 1000-1200 ℃, and then preserving heat for 1-360 min.
5. The TiAl turbine blade stress-temperature dual-plasticizing near-net-shape forming method of claim 1, characterized in that:
in the third step, the sandwich sealing structure is transferred to the blade forging die within 2-7 s.
6. The TiAl turbine blade stress-temperature dual-plasticizing near-net-shape forming method of claim 1, characterized in that:
in the fourth step, the outer layer of metal armor is cooled to 200-500 ℃.
7. The TiAl turbine blade stress-temperature dual-plasticizing near-net-shape forming method of claim 1 or 6, characterized in that:
in the fourth step, the strain rate is 0.1-10 s -1 。
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| JP2008229680A (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-10-02 | Seimitsu Kogyo Kk | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING MOLDED PRODUCT OF TiAl-BASED ALLOY |
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