CN114345367A - Preparation method of catalyst for synthesizing dimethyl carbonate - Google Patents
Preparation method of catalyst for synthesizing dimethyl carbonate Download PDFInfo
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- CN114345367A CN114345367A CN202111445528.6A CN202111445528A CN114345367A CN 114345367 A CN114345367 A CN 114345367A CN 202111445528 A CN202111445528 A CN 202111445528A CN 114345367 A CN114345367 A CN 114345367A
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910002668 Pd-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910003158 γ-Al2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910002666 PdCl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910021592 Copper(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical group Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a catalyst for synthesizing dimethyl carbonate, which comprises the following steps: adopting an aqueous solution of chlorides or nitrates of alkali Li, Na and K elements to carry out impregnation on the spherical gamma-Al2O3Impregnating the carrier, drying after impregnation, and roasting to obtain gamma-Al2O3Modifying a support; taking PdCl2Solid with CuCl2·2H2Adding ammonia water into the O crystal, stirring and dissolving to form a transparent solution, and obtaining Pd-Cu impregnation liquid; taking gamma-Al2O3The modified carrier is prepared by uniformly spraying Pd-Cu impregnation liquid to gamma-Al in an isovolumetric impregnation mode2O3On modified carrier, impregnating and bakingAnd drying, and roasting in the air to obtain the synthetic DMC catalyst. The invention prepares the impregnation liquid by the active metal in the ammonia complexing mode, the impregnation liquid is alkaline, and for the alumina carrier, the active metal is easier to be adsorbed on the outer layer of the carrier in the impregnation process, and the internal and external diffusion resistance of the raw material and the product molecules on the carrier can be reduced, thereby improving the reaction rate, reducing the occurrence of side reactions and improving the catalytic performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of catalyst preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a catalyst for synthesizing dimethyl carbonate.
Background
At present, common gamma-alumina is mostly adopted as a carrier in the conventional DMC synthesis catalyst, however, the surface of the alumina carrier has more acid sites and stronger acidity, and the carrier inevitably generates coking and polymerization phenomena in the DMC synthesis process, so that the product yield is reduced, and the service life of the catalyst is also shortened.
At present, in the preparation process of the DMC catalyst, the immersion liquid of active metal is mostly acidic (such as PdCl)2-2HCl system), the pH is very low, and under acidic conditions, the active metal Pd is more easily adsorbed inside the carrier (for example, the spherical carrier can form a shell-core structure, and the active metal is mainly distributed in the core), which results in increased diffusion resistance inside and outside the raw material and product molecules during the reaction, decreased reaction efficiency, increased side reactions due to the fact that the product molecules are not easily removed, and decreased selectivity. Meanwhile, the acid dipping solution can change the surface acidity of the carrier in the dipping process, so that the surface acid sites are increased, and the synthesis reaction is adversely affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to solve at least one of the technical drawbacks mentioned.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a catalyst for synthesizing dimethyl carbonate, which solves the problems mentioned in the background art and overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a catalyst for synthesizing dimethyl carbonate, comprising the following steps in order:
(1): modification of a carrier: adopting alkali metal Li, Na and K elementsThe spherical gamma-Al is treated by soaking in water solution of chloride or nitrate of element2O3Impregnating the carrier, drying after impregnation, and roasting to obtain gamma-Al2O3Modifying a support;
(2): Pd-Cu impregnation liquid: taking PdCl2Solid with CuCl2·2H2Adding ammonia water into the O crystal, stirring and dissolving to form a transparent solution, and obtaining Pd-Cu impregnation liquid;
(3): dipping synthesis: taking the gamma-Al prepared in the step (1)2O3The modified carrier is prepared by uniformly spraying the Pd-Cu impregnation liquid prepared in the step (2) to gamma-Al in an isovolumetric impregnation mode2O3And (3) impregnating the modified carrier, drying, and roasting in the air after drying to obtain the synthetic DMC catalyst.
Preferably, according to any of the above embodiments, the spherical γ -Al is2O3The physical properties of the carrier are: the diameter of the ball is 3-3.5mm, and the specific surface area is 250m2G, pore volume 0.5cm3And/g, saturated water absorption of 75 percent.
In any of the above embodiments, preferably, in the step (1), the impregnation is carried out in an equal volume.
Preferably, in any of the above schemes, in the step (1), the drying conditions are as follows: drying at 120 ℃ for 12h, wherein the roasting conditions are as follows: roasting at 850 ℃ for 5 h.
Preferably, in any of the above schemes, in the step (3), the drying conditions are as follows: drying for 15h at 120 ℃, wherein the roasting conditions are as follows: roasting at 350 deg.c for 5 hr.
In any of the above embodiments, in the step (2), the Pd content in the Pd — Cu impregnation solution is 0.1 to 0.8%, the Cu content is 0.5 to 2.0%, and the pH of the Pd — Cu impregnation solution is 11.2.
The embodiment of another aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of a catalyst for synthesizing dimethyl carbonate, which comprises the following steps in sequence:
1、γ-Al2O3carrier: specific surface area of 200-300m2Per g, pore volume of 0.1-1.0cm3The water absorption rate is 60-80%, and the carrier can be spherical or strip-shaped;
2. modification of the carrier alkali metal:
the method adopts an aqueous solution of chlorides or nitrates of alkali Li, Na and K elements to carry out modification in an impregnation mode, wherein the impregnation can be equal-volume impregnation or excessive impregnation, and the molar ratio is as follows: adding an alkali metal element into Al 0.1-0.5, soaking, drying at 80-150 ℃ for 5-20h, and roasting at 1000 ℃ for 3-10h at 700-;
3. the catalyst comprises the following components: the content of active component Pd is 0.1-0.8%, and Pd salt is PdCl2(ii) a The auxiliary agent is one or a combination of Cu, Ni and Co, the content is 0.5-2.0%, and the used salt is chloride of the corresponding element.
4. Synthesis method
1) Preparing an impregnation liquid: weighing a certain amount of PdCl according to the saturated water absorption of the alkali metal modified carrier and the loading amounts of the active metal Pd and the auxiliary metal2And assistant metal salt, NH 6-10 times of total metal element mole number3Adding 3-20% ammonia water for dissolving to form a transparent solution, and finally adding water for diluting to the required concentration, wherein the pH value of the solution is within the range of 9-13;
2) and (3) soaking in equal volume: measuring a certain volume of impregnation liquid according to the mass, the water absorption and the metal loading of the alkali metal modified carrier, and spraying the impregnation liquid onto the carrier to ensure that the impregnation liquid is uniformly adsorbed on the carrier;
3) transferring the impregnated catalyst into a drying oven at 50-150 ℃, and drying for 4-20 h;
4) after being dried, the catalyst is roasted for 2-8h at the temperature of 300-500 ℃ in the air, and the catalyst is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. advantages of the scheme
1) Carrier Al2O3Adopts alkali metal modification to reduce Al2O3The acid sites on the surface can reduce coking and polymerization in the DMC synthesis process;
2) the active metal is prepared into the impregnation liquid in an ammonia complexing mode, the impregnation liquid is alkaline, and for an alumina carrier, the active metal is easier to adsorb on the outer layer of the carrier in the impregnation process (for example, a spherical carrier can form a shell-core structure, and the active metal is mainly distributed on a shell layer), so that the internal and external diffusion resistance of raw material and product molecules on the carrier can be reduced, the reaction rate is improved, the occurrence of side reactions is reduced, the catalytic performance is improved, meanwhile, the alkaline impregnation liquid has a certain modification effect on part of acid sites on the surface of the alumina, and the acidity of the surface of the carrier is further reduced.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
Example one
Taking spherical gamma-Al2O3100g of carrier (sphere diameter 3-3.5mm, specific surface area 250 m)2G, pore volume 0.5cm3Per g, the saturated water absorption rate is 75 percent), 16.91g of lithium nitrate solid is taken and added with water to prepare 75mL solution, the alumina carrier is impregnated and modified by adopting an equal-volume impregnation mode, and the impregnated alumina carrier is dried at 120 ℃ for 12h and roasted at 850 ℃ for 5h to obtain Li0.25-Al2O3And (3) a carrier.
Taking PdCl2(Pd content 59.5%) 0.529g of solid, CuCl2·2H22.819g of O crystals, and 53.03g (8-fold NH) of 5% aqueous ammonia3Amount), the solution was dissolved by stirring to form a clear solution, water was added to the solution to a constant volume of 72mL, and the pH of the immersion solution was 11.2.
Taking modified Li0.25-Al2O3100g of carrier (water absorption rate of 72%), uniformly spraying 72ml of Pd-Cu impregnation liquid onto the carrier by adopting an equal-volume impregnation mode, drying for 15h at 120 ℃ after impregnation, and roasting for 5h at 350 ℃ in the air after drying to obtain the synthetic DMC catalyst, wherein the Pd content is 0.3%, and the Cu content is 1.0%.
Example two
Taking spherical gamma-Al2O3120g of carrier (sphere diameter 3-3.5mm, specific surface area 250 m)2G, pore volume 0.5cm3And/g, the saturated water absorption is 75 percent), and the mixture is roasted for 5 hours at 900 ℃.
Taking PdCl2(Pd content 59.5%) 0.529g of solid, CuCl2·2H22.819g of O crystals, and 53.03g (8 times) of 5% aqueous ammonia solutionNH3Amount), dissolved with stirring to form a clear solution, and added with water to a constant volume of 75mL, wherein the pH of the impregnation solution was 11.2.
Taking the roasted Al2O3100g of carrier, uniformly spraying 75ml of Pd-Cu impregnation liquid onto the carrier by adopting an equal-volume impregnation mode, drying at 120 ℃ for 15h after impregnation, and roasting at 350 ℃ in the air for 5h after drying to obtain the synthetic DMC catalyst, wherein the Pd content is 0.3%, and the Cu content is 1.0%.
EXAMPLE III
Taking spherical gamma-Al2O3100g of carrier (sphere diameter 3-3.5mm, specific surface area 250 m)2G, pore volume 0.5cm3Per g, the saturated water absorption rate is 75 percent), 16.91g of lithium nitrate solid is taken and added with water to prepare 75mL solution, the alumina carrier is impregnated and modified by adopting an equal-volume impregnation mode, and the impregnated alumina carrier is dried at 120 ℃ for 12h and roasted at 850 ℃ for 5h to obtain Li0.25-Al2O3And (3) a carrier.
Taking PdCl2(Pd content 59.5%) 0.529g of solid, CuCl2·2H22.819g of O crystal, 4.318g of 5% hydrochloric acid (2 times molar amount of Pd) and 50g of water were added, and the mixture was dissolved by stirring to form a transparent solution, and water was added to the solution to a constant volume of 72mL, and the pH of the solution was 0.4.
Taking Li0.25-Al2O3100g of carrier (saturated water absorption of 72%), uniformly spraying 72ml of Pd-Cu impregnation liquid onto the carrier by adopting an equal-volume impregnation mode, drying for 15h at 120 ℃ after impregnation, and roasting for 5h at 350 ℃ in the air after drying to obtain the synthetic DMC catalyst, wherein the Pd content is 0.3%, and the Cu content is 1.0%.
The catalyst evaluation method comprises the following steps:
a fixed reactor (inner diameter 10mm, height 50cm) with a catalyst loading of 5 mL;
reaction conditions are as follows: gas space velocity of 5000h-1The reaction temperature is 110-130 ℃, the reaction pressure is 0.2Mpa, and the volume ratio of the raw material gas to the three gases is N2: MN: the CO is mixed gas of 10:3:2, the reaction gas contains 120ppm of HCl gas, samples are taken every 4 hours, and the contents of various substances in reaction products and the contents of MN at the inlet and the outlet of a reactor are analyzed according to gas chromatography, so that the conversion rate and the space-time yield of MN are calculated;
MN conversion (%) calculation method:
space-time yield (g.ml)cat·h-1) The calculation method comprises the following steps:
examples distribution of active metals on a support is shown in Table 1
TABLE 1
2. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2:
1) carrier Al2O3Adopts alkali metal modification to reduce Al2O3The acid sites on the surface can reduce coking and polymerization in the DMC synthesis process;
2) the active metal is prepared into the impregnation liquid in an ammonia complexing mode, the impregnation liquid is alkaline, and for an alumina carrier, the active metal is easier to adsorb on the outer layer of the carrier in the impregnation process (for example, a spherical carrier can form a shell-core structure, and the active metal is mainly distributed on a shell layer), so that the internal and external diffusion resistance of raw material and product molecules on the carrier can be reduced, the reaction rate is improved, the occurrence of side reactions is reduced, the catalytic performance is improved, meanwhile, the alkaline impregnation liquid has a certain modification effect on part of acid sites on the surface of the alumina, and the acidity of the surface of the carrier is further reduced.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention includes any combination of the elements shown in the summary of the invention and the detailed description of the invention section above, limited to space and not described in any way as to the various aspects of these combinations for the sake of brevity. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a catalyst for synthesizing dimethyl carbonate comprises the following steps in sequence:
(1): modification of a carrier: adopting an aqueous solution of chlorides or nitrates of alkali Li, Na and K elements to carry out impregnation on the spherical gamma-Al2O3Impregnating the carrier, drying after impregnation, and roasting to obtain gamma-Al2O3Modifying a support;
(2)：Pd-Cu impregnation liquid: taking PdCl2Solid with CuCl2·2H2Adding ammonia water into the O crystal, stirring and dissolving to form a transparent solution, and obtaining Pd-Cu impregnation liquid;
(3): dipping synthesis: taking the gamma-Al prepared in the step (1)2O3The modified carrier is prepared by uniformly spraying the Pd-Cu impregnation liquid prepared in the step (2) to gamma-Al in an isovolumetric impregnation mode2O3And (3) impregnating the modified carrier, drying, and roasting in the air after drying to obtain the synthetic DMC catalyst.
2. The method for preparing a catalyst for the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate according to claim 1, wherein said spherical γ -Al is2O3The physical properties of the carrier are: the diameter of the ball is 3-3.5mm, and the specific surface area is 250m2G, pore volume 0.5cm3And/g, saturated water absorption of 75 percent.
3. The method for preparing a catalyst for the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the impregnation is carried out in an equal volume.
4. The method for preparing a catalyst for synthesizing dimethyl carbonate according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the drying conditions are as follows: drying at 120 ℃ for 12h, wherein the roasting conditions are as follows: roasting at 850 ℃ for 5 h.
5. The method for preparing a catalyst for synthesizing dimethyl carbonate according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the drying conditions are as follows: drying for 15h at 120 ℃, wherein the roasting conditions are as follows: roasting at 350 deg.c for 5 hr.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (2), the Pd-Cu solution contains 0.1-0.8% Pd, 0.5-2.0% Cu, and the Pd-Cu solution has a pH of 11.2.
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