CN114345126A - Ammonia injection control method and ammonia injection control device - Google Patents
Ammonia injection control method and ammonia injection control device Download PDFInfo
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 558
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 275
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 227
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 227
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 288
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTAHJIFKAKIKAV-XNMGPUDCSA-N [(1R)-3-morpholin-4-yl-1-phenylpropyl] N-[(3S)-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]carbamate Chemical compound O=C1[C@H](N=C(C2=C(N1)C=CC=C2)C1=CC=CC=C1)NC(O[C@H](CCN1CCOCC1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O YTAHJIFKAKIKAV-XNMGPUDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8631—Processes characterised by a specific device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
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Abstract
The application discloses ammonia injection control method and ammonia injection control device, relates to the technical field of automatic control, and aims to solve the problem that the response time for controlling the ammonia injection amount is slow in the related technology, and the ammonia injection control method comprises the following steps: acquiring a concentration deviation value of nitrogen oxides at an outlet of the selective catalytic reduction reactor; acquiring the wind-coal ratio of a thermal power generating unit; the selective catalytic reduction reactor is used for removing nitrogen oxides in flue gas discharged by the thermal power generating unit; inputting the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value and the air-coal ratio into a generalized predictive controller, and determining to obtain a target ammonia injection amount at the current moment; the generalized predictive controller comprises a preset prediction model for predicting ammonia injection amount at a specified time; and spraying ammonia into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the target ammonia spraying amount.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of automatic control, in particular to an ammonia spraying control method and an ammonia spraying control device.
Background
In a thermal power plant, a thermal power generating unit generally adopts an SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) reactor to denitrate flue gas containing nitrogen oxides. In the process of denitration of the flue gas, ammonia is sprayed into the flue gas as a reducing agent, and the oxidation-reduction reaction of the ammonia and nitrogen oxides is catalyzed by a catalyst to generate substances such as nitrogen, water and the like. In order to avoid the content of nitrogen oxides in the discharged flue gas from exceeding the standard, it is very important to accurately control the amount of ammonia gas sprayed into the SCR reactor.
In the related art, a PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller is generally used to control the amount of ammonia gas injected into the SCR reactor. Specifically, the PID controller may output the ammonia injection amount required at the present time based on an input feed-forward signal (e.g., a difference between an actual measurement value of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the SCR reactor and a set value at the present time); further, ammonia injection can be performed into the SCR reactor according to the ammonia injection amount required at the current time and output by the PID controller.
However, the related art has a problem that the response time for controlling the ammonia injection amount is slow. For example, since it takes a period of time for the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas to perform the oxidation-reduction reaction with the injected ammonia gas, it is determined that the ammonia injection amount required at the current time is not accurate based on the deviation value of the nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the SCR reactor at the current time, and there may occur an insufficient ammonia injection amount to cause an excessive concentration of the discharged nitrogen oxides or an excessive ammonia injection amount to cause secondary pollution of the ammonia gas.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides an ammonia injection control method and an ammonia injection control device, and solves the problem that the response time for controlling the ammonia injection amount is slow in the related art.
In order to solve the technical problem, the present application is implemented as follows:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an ammonia injection control method applied to a generalized predictive controller, including:
acquiring a concentration deviation value of nitrogen oxides at an outlet of the selective catalytic reduction reactor;
acquiring the wind-coal ratio of a thermal power generating unit; the selective catalytic reduction reactor is used for removing nitrogen oxides in flue gas discharged by the thermal power generating unit;
inputting the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value and the air-coal ratio into a generalized predictive controller, and determining to obtain a target ammonia injection amount at the current moment; the generalized predictive controller comprises a preset prediction model for predicting ammonia injection amount at a specified time;
and spraying ammonia into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the target ammonia spraying amount.
Optionally, in this embodiment of the present application, inputting the nox concentration deviation value and the wind-coal ratio to the generalized predictive controller, and determining to obtain the target ammonia injection amount at the current time includes:
determining a set value of ammonia injection amount according to the concentration deviation value of the nitrogen oxides and the air-coal ratio;
determining the control increment of the ammonia injection amount at the current moment according to the set value of the ammonia injection amount and the rolling optimization performance index function; wherein the rolling optimization performance index function is a function pre-established according to a prediction model inside the generalized predictive controller;
and taking the control increment as the target ammonia injection amount.
Optionally, in this embodiment of the present application, determining a control increment of the ammonia injection amount at the current time according to the set value of the ammonia injection amount and the rolling optimization performance index function includes:
and determining the control increment of the ammonia injection amount at the current moment under the condition that the rolling optimization performance index function is the minimum value.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, after determining the target ammonia injection amount, the method further includes:
determining a target correction coefficient according to the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value;
and multiplying the target ammonia injection amount by the target correction coefficient to obtain the corrected target ammonia injection amount.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the ammonia injection into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the target ammonia injection amount includes:
and injecting ammonia into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the corrected target ammonia injection amount.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an ammonia injection control device, including:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the concentration deviation value of the nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the selective catalytic reduction reactor;
the acquisition module is also used for acquiring the wind-coal ratio of the thermal power generating unit; the selective catalytic reduction reactor is used for removing nitrogen oxides in flue gas discharged by the thermal power generating unit;
the determining module is used for inputting the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value and the wind-coal ratio into the generalized predictive controller and determining to obtain a target ammonia injection amount at the current moment; the generalized predictive controller comprises a preset prediction model for predicting ammonia injection amount at a specified time;
and the ammonia injection control module is used for injecting ammonia into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the target ammonia injection amount.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the determining module specifically includes:
the first determining module is used for determining a set value of ammonia injection amount according to the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value and the air-coal ratio;
the second determination module is used for determining the control increment of the ammonia injection amount at the current moment according to the set value of the ammonia injection amount and the rolling optimization performance index function; wherein the rolling optimization performance index function is a function pre-established according to a prediction model inside the generalized predictive controller;
and the third determination module is used for taking the control increment as the target ammonia injection amount.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the second determining module is specifically configured to:
and determining the control increment of the ammonia injection amount at the current moment under the condition that the rolling optimization performance index function is the minimum value.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the apparatus further includes:
the fourth determining module is used for determining a target correction coefficient according to the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value after determining the target ammonia injection amount;
and the fifth determining module is used for multiplying the target ammonia injection amount by the target correction coefficient to obtain the corrected target ammonia injection amount.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the ammonia injection control module is specifically configured to: and injecting ammonia into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the corrected target ammonia injection amount.
In the embodiment of the application, the concentration deviation value of the nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the selective catalytic reduction reactor is obtained; acquiring the wind-coal ratio of a thermal power generating unit; the selective catalytic reduction reactor is used for removing nitrogen oxides in flue gas discharged by the thermal power generating unit; inputting the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value and the air-coal ratio into a generalized predictive controller, and determining to obtain a target ammonia injection amount at the current moment; the generalized predictive controller comprises a preset prediction model for predicting ammonia injection amount at a specified time; and spraying ammonia into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the target ammonia spraying amount. In the scene of ammonia injection into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the target ammonia injection amount, the oxygen content, the nitrogen content and the nitrogen element content in the coal amount of the wind-coal ratio of the thermal power generating unit at the current moment are known, and the concentration of the nitrogen oxide in the selective catalytic reduction reactor at the future specified moment can be predicted based on the concentration deviation value of the nitrogen oxide, the wind-coal ratio of the thermal power generating unit and the generalized prediction controller; because the target ammonia injection amount is determined by the generalized predictive controller based on the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value and the wind-coal ratio of the thermal power generating unit, one part of ammonia in the target ammonia injection amount is used for removing the nitrogen oxide in the selective catalytic reduction reactor at the current moment, and the other part of ammonia in the target ammonia injection amount is used for removing the nitrogen oxide in the selective catalytic reduction reactor at the appointed moment in the future, the advanced action of the ammonia injection amount is realized, the delay of the nitrogen oxide concentration change at the outlet of the selective catalytic reduction reactor can be compensated, and the response speed of the ammonia injection amount control is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an ammonia injection control method provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a process for determining a target ammonia injection amount at a current time according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of another ammonia injection control method provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural block diagram of an ammonia injection control device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the following specific embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The features of the terms first and second in the description and in the claims of the present application may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified. In addition, "and/or" in the specification and claims means at least one of connected objects, a character "/" generally means that a preceding and succeeding related objects are in an "or" relationship.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a mechanical or electrical connection; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are specifically described below with reference to fig. 1 to 4.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an ammonia injection control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, the ammonia injection control method provided in the embodiment of the present application is applied to a generalized predictive controller, and the ammonia injection control method may include:
step 110: acquiring a concentration deviation value of nitrogen oxides at an outlet of the selective catalytic reduction reactor;
step 120: acquiring the wind-coal ratio of a thermal power generating unit; the selective catalytic reduction reactor is used for removing nitrogen oxides in flue gas discharged by the thermal power generating unit;
step 130: inputting the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value and the air-coal ratio into the generalized predictive controller, and determining to obtain a target ammonia injection amount at the current moment, wherein the generalized predictive controller comprises a preset prediction model for predicting the ammonia injection amount at the specified moment;
step 140: and spraying ammonia into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the target ammonia spraying amount.
The selective catalytic reduction reactor (namely an SCR reactor) is used for removing nitrogen oxides in flue gas discharged by the thermal power generating unit. For example, nitrogen oxides to be removed exist in flue gas discharged from a flue gas pipeline at the tail of the coal-fired boiler, the selective catalytic reduction reactor is connected with the flue gas pipeline at the tail of the coal-fired boiler, and the flue gas is discharged to the atmospheric environment after being subjected to denitration treatment by the SCR reactor.
Wherein, in the denitration process of the SCR reactor, ammonia gas can be sprayed into the SCR reactor, and the oxidation-reduction reaction of the ammonia gas and the nitrogen oxide is catalyzed by the catalyst to generate substances such as nitrogen, water and the like, so that the concentration of the nitrogen oxide at the outlet of the SCR reactor reaches the environmental protection standard specified by the state.
Wherein, the nitrogen oxide at the outlet of the SCR reactor is directly discharged to the atmospheric environment because of not carrying out oxidation-reduction reaction, and it is very important to avoid the concentration of the nitrogen oxide at the outlet of the SCR reactor from exceeding the standard.
The thermal power generating unit can be a thermal power generating unit and at least comprises a generator, a steam turbine and a coal-fired boiler.
In step 110, the deviation value of the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the selective catalytic reduction reactor may be a difference between an actual value of the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the selective catalytic reduction reactor and a set value of the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the selective catalytic reduction reactor. The actual value of the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the selective catalytic reduction reactor can be measured by measuring equipment such as a gas sensor. Wherein the concentration set value of the nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the selective catalytic reduction reactor is a preset fixed value and is related to the concentration value of the nitrogen oxides of the national standard.
There are various embodiments for obtaining the NOx concentration deviation value in step 110. For example, the nox concentration deviation value is determined by separately acquiring an actual value of the nox concentration at the outlet of the selective catalytic reduction reactor and a set value of the nox concentration at the outlet of the selective catalytic reduction reactor. Also for example, the NOx concentration deviation value is directly obtained by the distributed control system. Of course, other acquisition modes are also possible, and the present application is not particularly limited.
In step 120, the wind-coal ratio of the thermal power generating unit may be obtained through various implementations. For example, the air-coal ratio of the thermal power generating unit may be the air-coal ratio of the coal-fired boiler (the ratio of the total air volume entering the coal-fired boiler to the total coal volume), and then the ratio of the total air volume entering the coal-fired boiler to the total coal volume may be used as the air-coal ratio of the thermal power generating unit. For another example, the air-coal ratio of the thermal power generating unit may also be the air-coal ratio of a coal mill (the ratio of cold air entering the coal mill to hot air and coal), and further the ratio of cold air entering the coal mill to hot air and coal may be used as the air-coal ratio of the thermal power generating unit. Of course, other acquisition modes are also possible, and the present application is not particularly limited.
In step 130, the generalized predictive controller may implement generalized predictive control of the target ammonia injection amount. The generalized predictive control has basic characteristics of a predictive model, rolling optimization, feedback correction and the like, and presents excellent control performance and stability. Wherein a preset prediction model can be used for predicting the ammonia injection amount at a specified time. Wherein the specified time is a future specified time. For example, if the current time is t time, the specified time may be t + j time, where j represents j sampling periods after the current time.
In step 130, the nox concentration deviation value and the air-coal ratio may be input into a generalized predictive controller, and the generalized predictive controller outputs a target ammonia injection amount at the current time. Wherein the generalized predictive controller includes a prediction model that is set in advance to predict the ammonia injection amount at a specified time.
Specifically, the oxygen content, the nitrogen content and the nitrogen element content in the coal quantity at the current moment are known by the wind-coal ratio of the thermal power generating unit, so that the concentration of the nitrogen oxide in the selective catalytic reduction reactor at the specified moment can be predicted based on the concentration deviation value of the nitrogen oxide, the wind-coal ratio of the thermal power generating unit and the generalized predictive controller, and further the generalized predictive controller can predict the ammonia injection quantity at the specified moment in the future. Based on the above, for the target ammonia injection amount output by the generalized predictive controller at the current moment, one part of ammonia gas in the target ammonia injection amount is used for removing nitrogen oxides in the selective catalytic reduction reactor at the current moment, and the other part of ammonia gas in the target ammonia injection amount is used for removing nitrogen oxides in the selective catalytic reduction reactor at the future appointed moment, so that the advanced action of the ammonia injection amount is realized.
In step 140, ammonia is injected into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the target ammonia injection amount, so that the target ammonia injection amount is not only used for removing nitrogen oxides in the selective catalytic reduction reactor at the current moment, but also used for removing nitrogen oxides in the selective catalytic reduction reactor at a specified moment in the future, and advanced action of the ammonia injection amount is realized.
According to the ammonia injection control method provided by the embodiment of the application, the concentration deviation value of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the selective catalytic reduction reactor is obtained; acquiring the wind-coal ratio of a thermal power generating unit; the selective catalytic reduction reactor is used for removing nitrogen oxides in flue gas discharged by the thermal power generating unit; inputting the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value and the air-coal ratio into a generalized predictive controller, and determining to obtain a target ammonia injection amount at the current moment; the generalized predictive controller comprises a preset prediction model for predicting ammonia injection amount at a specified time; and spraying ammonia into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the target ammonia spraying amount. In the scene of ammonia injection into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the target ammonia injection amount, the oxygen content, the nitrogen content and the nitrogen element content in the coal amount of the wind-coal ratio of the thermal power generating unit at the current moment are known, and the concentration of the nitrogen oxide in the selective catalytic reduction reactor at the future specified moment can be predicted based on the concentration deviation value of the nitrogen oxide, the wind-coal ratio of the thermal power generating unit and the generalized prediction controller; because the target ammonia injection amount is determined by the generalized predictive controller based on the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value and the wind-coal ratio of the thermal power generating unit, one part of ammonia in the target ammonia injection amount is used for removing the nitrogen oxide in the selective catalytic reduction reactor at the current moment, and the other part of ammonia in the target ammonia injection amount is used for removing the nitrogen oxide in the selective catalytic reduction reactor at the appointed moment in the future, the advanced action of the ammonia injection amount is realized, the delay of the nitrogen oxide concentration change at the outlet of the selective catalytic reduction reactor can be compensated, and the response speed of the ammonia injection amount control is improved.
In the above step 130, the target ammonia injection amount at the current time is determined according to the nox concentration deviation value, the wind-coal ratio and the generalized predictive controller, and the specific manner of determining the target ammonia injection amount at the current time is exemplified by fig. 2.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the step 130 may include:
step 210: determining a set value of ammonia injection amount according to the concentration deviation value of the nitrogen oxides and the air-coal ratio;
step 220: determining the control increment of the ammonia injection amount at the current moment according to the set value of the ammonia injection amount and the rolling optimization performance index function; wherein the rolling optimization performance index function is a function pre-established according to a prediction model inside the generalized predictive controller;
step 230: and taking the control increment as the target ammonia injection amount.
Wherein, step 210, step 220 and step 230 may be sub-steps of step 130. Step 210 may be performed after step 120; step 210, step 220, and step 230 may be performed sequentially.
In step 210, a set value of ammonia injection amount may be determined according to the nox concentration deviation value and the air-coal ratio. The set value of the ammonia injection amount may be a set value of the ammonia injection amount at a specified time (e.g., time t + j mentioned below) (e.g., r (t + j) mentioned below).
For example, the rolling optimization performance indicator function may be defined as:
in the above formula (1), y ^ (t + j | t) is a predicted value for predicting the ammonia injection amount after j sampling periods (i.e. t + j time) in the future based on the known information of the current time (i.e. t time); r (t + j) is a set value of the ammonia injection amount corresponding to a future specified time (namely t + j time); n is a radical of1And N2Respectively a starting point time and an end point time of the prediction time domain; n is a radical ofuIs a control time domain; λ (j) is a weighted sequence of control increments of the amount of injected ammonia, and Δ u (t + j-1) is a control increment value of the amount of injected ammonia at time t + j-1.
The control increment u (t) of the ammonia injection amount at the current moment can be determined based on the rolling optimization performance index function, and the control increment u (t) of the ammonia injection amount at the current moment is used as the target ammonia injection amount.
In step 220, the rolling optimization performance indicator function J is a function that is pre-established according to a predictive model within the generalized predictive controller. For example, a predictive model internal to the generalized predictive controller may be defined as:
y^(t+j)＝EjB△u(t+j-1)+Fjy(t) (2)；
in the above formula (2), y ^ (t + j) is the predicted value of the ammonia injection amount at the time t + j, which can be understood as y ^ (t + j | t) in the above formula (1), and Δ u (t + j-1) is the control increment value of the ammonia injection amount at the time t + j-1.
Specifically, the prediction model (2) in the generalized predictive controller can be designed based on a controlled autoregressive integral moving average model (3), and the structure form of the prediction model is
A(z-1)y(t)＝B(z-1)u(t-1)+ξ(t)/△ (3)；
In the above formula (3), A (z)-1)、B(z-1) Are all z-1Polynomial of (a), A (z)-1)＝1+a1z-1+…+anz-n，B(z-1)＝b0+b1z-1+…+bmz-m(ii) a t represents the current time point; z is a radical of-1A backspacing operator, namely pushing a sampling period backwards; 1-z-1Is a difference operator; ξ (t) is a white noise sequence with a mean of 0.
To achieve model prediction and separate the known information from the unknown information to be sought, consider the charpy equation:
1＝Ej(z-1)A△+z-jFj(z-1) (4)；
in the above formula (4), Ej、FjIs a polynomial determined by the polynomial a and the prediction step j:
Ej＝ej,0+ej,1z-1+…+ej,j-1z-(j-1)；
Fj＝fj,0+fj,1z-1+…+fj,nz-n。
combining equation (4) of the chartlet equation with equation (3) of the autoregressive moving average model may yield equation (2) of the predictive model inside the generalized predictive controller. And then solving a rolling optimization performance index function J at the current moment based on an expression (2) of a prediction model in the generalized prediction controller.
In step 230, the control increment of the ammonia injection amount at the current time u (t), which is the ammonia injection amount increased at the current time (i.e., time t) compared to the previous historical time (i.e., time t-1), may be used as the target ammonia injection amount.
According to the ammonia injection control method provided by the embodiment of the application, the set value of the ammonia injection amount is determined according to the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value and the air-coal ratio; determining the control increment of the ammonia injection amount at the current moment according to the set value of the ammonia injection amount and the rolling optimization performance index function; wherein the rolling optimization performance index function is a function pre-established according to a prediction model inside the generalized predictive controller; and taking the control increment as the target ammonia injection amount. Therefore, the control increment of the ammonia injection amount at the current moment is determined by rolling and optimizing the performance index function, so that part of ammonia in the target ammonia injection amount can remove nitrogen oxides in the selective catalytic reduction reactor at the appointed moment in the future, and the advanced action of the ammonia injection amount is realized.
Optionally, in a specific embodiment, in order to improve the accuracy of the control increment of the ammonia injection amount at the current time, the determining the control increment of the ammonia injection amount at the current time according to the set value of the ammonia injection amount and the rolling optimization performance index function includes:
and determining the control increment of the ammonia injection amount at the current moment under the condition that the rolling optimization performance index function is the minimum value.
Specifically, when the rolling optimization performance index function J is the minimum value, the optimal control increment sequence u (t), u (t +1), … …, u (t + N) is obtainedu-1) to achieve a predicted value of the ammonia injection quantity output by the prediction modely ^ (t + j | t) approaches the set value r (t + j) of the ammonia injection amount.
Wherein, the control increment sequence u (t), u (t +1), … …, u (t + N)u-1) is related to the control increment value Δ u (t + j-1) of the ammonia injection amount at the time t + j-1 in the above formula (1). Specifically, the value of j is taken from 1 to NuDetermining and obtaining a control increment sequence u (t), u (t +1), … …, u (t + N) according to the control increment value delta u (t + j-1)u-1)。
Then, the optimal control increment sequence u (t), u (t +1), … …, u (t + N) is calculated at the current time (t time)u-1), only the control increment u (t) of the ammonia injection amount at the current time (i.e., time t) is used for the actual control. Subsequently, the calculation can be repeated again to realize the rolling optimization, for example, the optimal control increment sequence u (t +1), u (t +2), … …, u (t + N) is calculated at the time t +1u) In the case of (1), only the control increment u (t +1) of the ammonia injection amount at the time t +1 is used for the actual control, and the roll optimization is realized.
After the target ammonia injection amount is determined, the target ammonia injection amount may be corrected by outputting a correction coefficient using a PID controller obtained in advance in order to further increase the response speed of the target ammonia injection amount control. The following is an example of fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of another ammonia injection control method provided in the embodiments of the present application.
As shown in fig. 3, in a specific embodiment, the ammonia injection control method provided in the embodiment of the present application may include:
step 310: acquiring a concentration deviation value of nitrogen oxides at an outlet of the selective catalytic reduction reactor;
step 320: acquiring the wind-coal ratio of a thermal power generating unit; the selective catalytic reduction reactor is used for removing nitrogen oxides in flue gas discharged by the thermal power generating unit;
step 330: inputting the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value and the air-coal ratio into the generalized predictive controller, and determining to obtain a target ammonia injection amount at the current moment, wherein the generalized predictive controller comprises a preset prediction model for predicting the ammonia injection amount at the specified moment;
step 340: determining a target correction coefficient according to the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value;
step 350: and multiplying the target ammonia injection amount by the target correction coefficient to obtain the corrected target ammonia injection amount.
Step 360: and injecting ammonia into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the corrected target ammonia injection amount.
In step 310, reference may be made to the specific content of step 110, which is not described herein again.
In step 320, reference may be made to the specific content of step 120, which is not described herein again.
In step 330, reference may be made to the specific content of step 130, which is not described herein again.
In step 340, the load change of the thermal power generating unit may be converted into a wind-coal ratio of the thermal power generating unit, the nox concentration deviation value and the wind-coal ratio may be further input to a PID controller obtained in advance, the PID controller calculates an output target correction coefficient, and the target correction coefficient is related to the nox concentration deviation value, the wind-coal ratio and the load change of the thermal power generating unit.
In step 350, the target ammonia injection amount is multiplied by the target correction coefficient to obtain a corrected target ammonia injection amount. After the target ammonia spraying amount is corrected, the fluctuation of the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the SCR reactor caused by disturbance such as unit load change and air volume change can be effectively inhibited, the response speed of ammonia spraying amount control on unit load change is increased, and the economy of an SCR denitration system is improved.
Wherein step 360 may be a sub-step of step 140.
In step 360, the output value of the generalized predictive controller (i.e., the target ammonia injection amount) is multiplied by the target correction coefficient calculated by the PID controller to obtain a corrected target ammonia injection amount. In practical application, the corrected target ammonia injection amount can be understood as the concentration of the ammonia injection amount in the flue gas, the ammonia amount required at the current moment can be obtained by multiplying the corrected target ammonia injection amount by the flue gas amount, and then the ammonia amount required at the current moment is sent to the ammonia injection valve for ammonia injection amount control.
Therefore, after the target ammonia injection amount is corrected, the fluctuation of the concentration of the nitrogen oxide at the outlet of the SCR reactor caused by disturbance such as unit load change, air volume change and the like can be effectively inhibited, the fluctuation range of the concentration of the nitrogen oxide at the outlet of the SCR reactor is reduced, and the response speed of ammonia injection amount control on unit load change is improved.
In addition, the scheme can control the target ammonia spraying amount within a certain range, and the accuracy of controlling the target ammonia spraying amount is improved. Compared with the prior art, the set value of the ammonia injection amount can be lower, the ammonia injection cost is saved, and the economy of the SCR denitration system is improved. For example, in practical application, under a static working condition, the target ammonia injection amount can be controlled within a range of a set value +/-3 mg; under dynamic working conditions, the target ammonia injection amount can be controlled within the range of +/-5 mg of a set value. At this time, the set value of the ammonia injection amount can be lower, and the ammonia injection cost is saved.
Based on the same concept as the method embodiment, the embodiment of the application also provides an ammonia spraying control device.
The ammonia injection control device provided in the embodiment of the present application may execute the ammonia injection control method described above. In the embodiment of the present application, an ammonia injection control device is used as an example to execute an ammonia injection control method, and the ammonia injection control device provided in the embodiment of the present application is described.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of an ammonia injection control device according to an embodiment of the present application.
As shown in fig. 4, an ammonia injection control device 400 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include:
an obtaining module 401, configured to obtain a concentration deviation value of nitrogen oxides at an outlet of the selective catalytic reduction reactor;
the obtaining module 401 is further configured to obtain an air-coal ratio of the thermal power generating unit; the selective catalytic reduction reactor is used for removing nitrogen oxides in flue gas discharged by the thermal power generating unit;
a determining module 402, configured to input the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value and the wind-coal ratio to the generalized predictive controller, and determine to obtain a target ammonia injection amount at a current time; the generalized predictive controller comprises a preset prediction model for predicting ammonia injection amount at a specified time;
and an ammonia injection control module 403, configured to inject ammonia into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the target ammonia injection amount.
According to the ammonia injection control device provided by the embodiment of the application, the acquisition module is used for acquiring the concentration deviation value of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the selective catalytic reduction reactor; the acquisition module is also used for acquiring the wind-coal ratio of the thermal power generating unit; the selective catalytic reduction reactor is used for removing nitrogen oxides in flue gas discharged by the thermal power generating unit; the determining module is used for inputting the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value and the wind-coal ratio into the generalized predictive controller and determining to obtain a target ammonia injection amount at the current moment; the generalized predictive controller comprises a preset prediction model for predicting ammonia injection amount at a specified time; and the ammonia injection control module is used for injecting ammonia into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the target ammonia injection amount. In the scene of ammonia injection into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the target ammonia injection amount, the oxygen content, the nitrogen content and the nitrogen element content in the coal amount of the wind-coal ratio of the thermal power generating unit at the current moment are known, and the concentration of the nitrogen oxide in the selective catalytic reduction reactor at the future specified moment can be predicted based on the concentration deviation value of the nitrogen oxide, the wind-coal ratio of the thermal power generating unit and the generalized prediction controller; because the target ammonia injection amount is determined by the generalized predictive controller based on the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value and the wind-coal ratio of the thermal power generating unit, one part of ammonia in the target ammonia injection amount is used for removing the nitrogen oxide in the selective catalytic reduction reactor at the current moment, and the other part of ammonia in the target ammonia injection amount is used for removing the nitrogen oxide in the selective catalytic reduction reactor at the appointed moment in the future, the advanced action of the ammonia injection amount is realized, the delay of the nitrogen oxide concentration change at the outlet of the selective catalytic reduction reactor can be compensated, and the response speed of the ammonia injection amount control is improved.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the determining module specifically includes:
the first determining module is used for determining a set value of ammonia injection amount according to the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value and the air-coal ratio;
the second determination module is used for determining the control increment of the ammonia injection amount at the current moment according to the set value of the ammonia injection amount and the rolling optimization performance index function; wherein the rolling optimization performance index function is a function pre-established according to a prediction model inside the generalized predictive controller;
and the third determination module is used for taking the control increment as the target ammonia injection amount.
Therefore, the control increment of the ammonia injection amount at the current moment is determined by rolling and optimizing the performance index function, so that part of ammonia in the target ammonia injection amount can remove nitrogen oxides in the selective catalytic reduction reactor at the appointed moment in the future, and the advanced action of the ammonia injection amount is realized.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the second determining module is specifically configured to:
and determining the control increment of the ammonia injection amount at the current moment under the condition that the rolling optimization performance index function is the minimum value.
Thus, under the condition that the rolling optimization performance index function J is the minimum value, the predicted value of the ammonia injection amount output by the prediction model approaches to the set value of the ammonia injection amount, and the accuracy of the control increment of the ammonia injection amount at the current moment is improved.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the apparatus further includes:
the fourth determining module is used for determining a target correction coefficient according to the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value after determining the target ammonia injection amount;
and the fifth determining module is used for multiplying the target ammonia injection amount by the target correction coefficient to obtain the corrected target ammonia injection amount.
Therefore, after the target ammonia injection amount is corrected, the fluctuation of the concentration of the nitrogen oxide at the outlet of the SCR reactor caused by disturbance such as unit load change, air volume change and the like can be effectively inhibited, the fluctuation range of the concentration of the nitrogen oxide at the outlet of the SCR reactor is reduced, and the response speed of ammonia injection amount control on unit load change is improved; and, the economic nature of SCR deNOx systems has been improved.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the ammonia injection control module is specifically configured to: and injecting ammonia into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the corrected target ammonia injection amount.
Therefore, ammonia is sprayed into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the corrected target ammonia spraying amount, and the response speed of ammonia spraying amount control on unit load change is improved.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. An ammonia injection control method is applied to a generalized predictive controller and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a concentration deviation value of nitrogen oxides at an outlet of the selective catalytic reduction reactor;
acquiring the wind-coal ratio of a thermal power generating unit; the selective catalytic reduction reactor is used for removing nitrogen oxides in flue gas discharged by the thermal power generating unit;
inputting the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value and the air-coal ratio into a generalized predictive controller, and determining to obtain a target ammonia injection amount at the current moment; the generalized predictive controller comprises a preset prediction model for predicting ammonia injection amount at a specified time;
and spraying ammonia into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the target ammonia spraying amount.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein inputting the nox concentration deviation value and the wind-coal ratio to a generalized predictive controller and determining a target ammonia injection amount for a current time comprises:
determining a set value of ammonia injection amount according to the concentration deviation value of the nitrogen oxides and the air-coal ratio;
determining the control increment of the ammonia injection amount at the current moment according to the set value of the ammonia injection amount and the rolling optimization performance index function; wherein the rolling optimization performance indicator function is a function pre-established from the predictive model within the generalized predictive controller;
and taking the control increment as the target ammonia injection amount.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining a control increment for the ammonia injection amount at the current time based on the set point for the ammonia injection amount and a rolling optimization performance indicator function comprises:
and determining the control increment of the ammonia injection amount at the current moment under the condition that the rolling optimization performance index function is the minimum value.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein after determining the target ammonia injection amount, the method further comprises:
determining a target correction coefficient according to the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value;
and multiplying the target ammonia injection amount by the target correction coefficient to obtain the corrected target ammonia injection amount.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the injecting ammonia into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the target ammonia injection amount comprises:
and injecting ammonia into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the corrected target ammonia injection amount.
6. An ammonia injection control device, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the concentration deviation value of the nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the selective catalytic reduction reactor;
the acquisition module is also used for acquiring the wind-coal ratio of the thermal power generating unit; the selective catalytic reduction reactor is used for removing nitrogen oxides in flue gas discharged by the thermal power generating unit;
the determining module is used for inputting the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value and the wind-coal ratio into the generalized predictive controller and determining to obtain a target ammonia injection amount at the current moment; the generalized predictive controller comprises a preset prediction model for predicting ammonia injection amount at a specified time;
and the ammonia injection control module is used for injecting ammonia into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the target ammonia injection amount.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the determining module specifically includes:
the first determining module is used for determining a set value of ammonia injection amount according to the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value and the air-coal ratio;
the second determination module is used for determining the control increment of the ammonia injection amount at the current moment according to the set value of the ammonia injection amount and the rolling optimization performance index function; wherein the rolling optimization performance indicator function is a function pre-established from the predictive model within the generalized predictive controller;
and the third determination module is used for taking the control increment as the target ammonia injection amount.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the second determining module is specifically configured to:
and determining the control increment of the ammonia injection amount at the current moment under the condition that the rolling optimization performance index function is the minimum value.
9. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising:
the fourth determining module is used for determining a target correction coefficient according to the nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value after determining the target ammonia injection amount;
and the fifth determining module is used for multiplying the target ammonia injection amount by the target correction coefficient to obtain the corrected target ammonia injection amount.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the ammonia injection control module is specifically configured to: and injecting ammonia into the selective catalytic reduction reactor according to the corrected target ammonia injection amount.
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