CN114345121A - Preparation method and application of volatile organic compound waste gas washing liquid - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of volatile organic compound waste gas washing liquid Download PDFInfo
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- CN114345121A CN114345121A CN202111560584.4A CN202111560584A CN114345121A CN 114345121 A CN114345121 A CN 114345121A CN 202111560584 A CN202111560584 A CN 202111560584A CN 114345121 A CN114345121 A CN 114345121A
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- YPLPZEKZDGQOOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron oxychloride Chemical compound [O][Fe]Cl YPLPZEKZDGQOOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloridooxygen Chemical compound ClOCl RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 130
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- FHHJDRFHHWUPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxysulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]OS([O-])(=O)=O FHHJDRFHHWUPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium;oxido carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OC([O-])=O MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229940032296 ferric chloride Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229940044631 ferric chloride hexahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- NQXWGWZJXJUMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].Cl[Fe+]Cl NQXWGWZJXJUMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 nickel amine Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LAIZPRYFQUWUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel chloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ni+2] LAIZPRYFQUWUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HJKYXKSLRZKNSI-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentapotassium;hydrogen sulfate;oxido sulfate;sulfuric acid Chemical group [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].OS([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.OS(=O)(=O)O[O-].OS(=O)(=O)O[O-] HJKYXKSLRZKNSI-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a volatile organic compound waste gas washing liquid, which comprises the following steps: firstly, dropwise adding a ferric trichloride solution onto a porous carrier, and fully soaking to obtain a first product; secondly, carrying out heat treatment on the first product, and cleaning, filtering and drying the heat-treated first product to obtain a porous carrier loaded ferric oxychloride catalyst with a certain load amount; thirdly, adding the porous carrier loaded iron oxychloride catalyst into water, and adjusting the pH value to obtain a second product; and finally, adding an oxidant into the second product to obtain the organic waste gas washing liquid. The invention couples the adsorption and advanced oxidation technologies to be applied to the wet washing process, has good continuous treatment capacity on the indissolvable or slightly soluble organic waste gas, can continuously use the catalyst, and solves the problem that the indissolvable or slightly soluble organic gas is difficult to effectively remove by the wet washing process based on an advanced oxidation system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of air pollution control, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a volatile organic compound waste gas washing solution.
Background
Volatile organic compounds are common industrial waste gas pollutants, participate in atmospheric photochemical smog and aerosol generation, and some organic waste gases have toxic or carcinogenic effects and damage human health. Therefore, the treatment of industrial exhaust organic waste gas is receiving a great deal of attention.
Wet scrubbing is a common gas treatment process that removes contaminants primarily by interaction of the gas when in contact with water or other liquids. Compared with other technologies, the wet washing process has low construction and operation cost and simple process, can be realized only by a bubble tower or a spray tower, and is particularly suitable for treating gas pollutants which have better solubility in washing liquid or can quickly react with specific chemical substances in the washing liquid.
In recent years, researchers have used a higher oxidation system based on the fenton reaction for the treatment of organic waste gases, and this method has high efficiency for organic materials with good water solubility. In a general fenton system, because iron sludge is generated irreversibly during the ferrous ion reaction process, the activating agent must be replaced frequently in the reaction system. The heterogeneous Fenton-like system based on the catalytic activation of the solid catalyst can avoid the generation of iron sludge and realize the long-time efficient treatment of continuous flow organic waste gas. However, most volatile organic compounds are insoluble in water and are limited by gas-liquid phase mass transfer, and effective removal effect is difficult to achieve by a wet washing process based on an advanced oxidation system.
Therefore, how to improve the treatment efficiency and treatment capacity of the washing liquid to the insoluble or slightly soluble volatile organic gas and obtain a continuous treatment effect in the wet washing process is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a volatile organic compound waste gas washing liquid and a preparation method thereof, wherein the washing liquid can overcome the problem of difficult gas-liquid phase mass transfer caused by poor water solubility of volatile organic compounds in the wet washing and treatment process of organic waste gas, and improve the treatment efficiency and treatment capacity of the washing liquid on insoluble or slightly soluble volatile organic gas.
The second objective of the present invention is to provide an application of a volatile organic compound waste gas cleaning solution in the treatment of insoluble or slightly soluble organic compound waste gas.
Aiming at one purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the preparation process of waste gas washing liquid with volatile organic matter includes the following steps:
s1, dropwise adding a ferric trichloride solution onto the porous carrier, and fully soaking to obtain a first product;
s2, carrying out heat treatment on the first product, and cleaning, filtering and drying the heat-treated first product to obtain a porous carrier loaded iron oxychloride catalyst; in the porous carrier loaded ferric oxychloride catalyst, the mass percent of ferric oxychloride is 5-25%;
s3, adding the porous carrier loaded ferric oxychloride catalyst into water, and adjusting the pH to 3-3.5 to obtain a second product;
and S4, adding an oxidant into the second product to obtain the organic waste gas washing liquid.
The organic waste gas washing liquid prepared by the invention is based on the following principle: the ferric oxychloride in the washing liquid can activate the oxidant to generate active oxygen species, and when the organic waste gas is introduced into the washing liquid, the porous carrier can adsorb and enrich the organic matters in the water, so that the concentration of the volatile organic matters dissolved in the water is reduced, the mass transfer of the volatile organic matters in the waste gas to the water is promoted, and the concentration of the volatile organic matters in the waste gas is reduced. Meanwhile, the concentration of the organic matter on the carrier is increased, which is beneficial to the rapid reaction with active oxygen free radicals generated by the supported catalyst activated oxidant, thereby realizing degradation. The invention combines the adsorption and advanced oxidation technologies in a wet washing process, overcomes the gas-liquid phase mass transfer difficulty caused by poor water solubility of volatile organic compounds in the process of treating the organic waste gas by wet washing, fully exerts the synergistic promotion effect between the adsorption and advanced oxidation and realizes continuous and high-efficiency treatment of the organic waste gas in a longer time.
In the preparation method, in the porous carrier-supported iron oxychloride catalyst, the mass percent of the iron oxychloride is 5-25%, wherein the optimized loading amount is 10%, so that the porous carrier-supported iron oxychloride catalyst is used for loading a sufficient amount of iron oxychloride catalytic components, the active components are dispersed, the particle size of the iron oxychloride is about 10nm, and the pore channels of the carrier cannot be seriously blocked.
In step S3, the pH of the second product is adjusted to 3-3.5, and under the condition, active free radicals with higher concentration can be generated.
Further, in step S1, the porous carrier is a porous carbon carrier or a porous non-carbon carrier. Wherein the porous carbon carrier is selected from one or more of activated carbon, optimized activated carbon, biochar, porous graphitized carbon and mesoporous carbon; the porous non-carbon carrier is selected from one or more of porous silica gel, mesoporous silica, diatomite, molecular sieve and montmorillonite.
In some preferred embodiments, the porous support is an optimally treated activated carbon prepared by a method comprising: adding activated carbon into an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, uniformly mixing, and evaporating water to obtain a product A; calcining the product A at high temperature under a protective atmosphere to obtain a product B; and (4) soaking the product B in an acid solution, taking out, washing, filtering and drying to obtain the optimized activated carbon. In the invention, the activated carbon is optimized, so that the specific surface area can be further increased, the catalytic component can be well dispersed, and the adsorption performance to organic matters can be improved.
In some preferred embodiments, the porous support is porous graphitized carbon prepared by a method comprising: dissolving nickel chloride hexahydrate in water, adding ethylenediamine, and stirring to form a nickel amine complex solution; mixing the nickel amine complex solution and a potassium hydroxide solution, adding activated carbon, uniformly mixing, and evaporating water to dryness to obtain a product C; calcining the product C at high temperature under a protective atmosphere to obtain a product D; and (3) soaking the product D in an acid solution, taking out, washing, filtering and drying to obtain the porous graphitized carbon. Preferably, the high-temperature calcination temperature is 900 ℃ and the high-temperature calcination time is 2 h.
Further, in the step S2, the heat treatment temperature is 100 to 180 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 2 hours. Preferably, the heat treatment temperature is 150 ℃. Further, the atmosphere of the heat treatment is selected from one of nitrogen, oxygen, air and argon.
Further, in step S3, the oxidizing agent is selected from one or more of hydrogen peroxide, peroxymonosulfate, peroxydisulfate, sulfite, and percarbonate. Preferably, the oxidizing agent is potassium monopersulfate or potassium peroxodisulfate.
Further, in the step S3, the mass-to-volume ratio of the porous carrier-supported iron oxychloride catalyst to water is 0.05-20 g/L. The specific input amount can be flexibly selected according to different waste gas flow and concentration, and the adsorption and enrichment effects of the volatile organic compounds can be well achieved within the range.
Further, in the step S4, the adding amount of the oxidant is 0.3-100 mmol/L. The oxidant can be added at one time; or adding a part of the oxidant at first, and after reacting for a period of time, adding the oxidant at intervals; the flow rate can also be controlled and continuously added in the reaction process, so that the concentration of the oxidant in the washing liquid is maintained in a proper range. By controlling the amount of the oxidizing agent to be added within the above range, the consumption of the generated radicals by the addition of an excessive amount of the oxidizing agent can be avoided, and a better removal effect can be obtained.
Aiming at the second purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: provides an application of the volatile organic waste gas washing liquid prepared by the preparation method in organic waste gas treatment.
The application comprises the following steps: and continuously introducing the organic waste gas into a reactor containing the volatile organic waste gas washing liquid, and removing the volatile organic compounds in the organic waste gas by fully contacting the organic waste gas with the washing liquid. Further, the content of volatile organic compounds in the organic waste gas is 1-2500 ppm; the ratio of the volume of the waste gas treated by the volatile organic compound waste gas washing liquid per hour to the volume of the waste gas treated by the volatile organic compound waste gas washing liquid per hour is 1-100: 1.
preferably, the above application further comprises: the concentration of the oxidant is maintained within the range of 0.3 to 10mmol/L by intermittently or continuously supplementing the consumed oxidant to the detergent, and the removal rate of the organic gas is maintained at a high level for a long time.
Preferably, the application further comprises irradiating the volatile organic waste gas scrubbing solution introduced into the organic waste gas with ultraviolet light. By using ultraviolet radiation as auxiliary treatment in the washing process, the removal effect of volatile organic compounds in the waste gas can be further improved.
Preferably, the reactor is a bubble column or a spray column.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the volatile organic compound waste gas washing liquid provided by the invention, after insoluble or slightly soluble volatile organic compounds are contacted with the washing liquid, a small amount of the insoluble or slightly soluble volatile organic compounds are dissolved and distributed in the washing liquid according to Henry's law, and the porous carriers dispersed in the washing liquid are utilized to quickly adsorb and trap the volatile organic compounds distributed in the washing liquid, so that the concentration of the volatile organic compounds is maintained at an extremely low level, thereby promoting the mass transfer of the organic compounds in the waste gas to the washing liquid, reducing the concentration of the organic compounds in the waste gas and realizing the removal of the volatile organic compounds from the waste gas; meanwhile, the enrichment of organic matters on the surface of the porous material is realized, and the oxy-ferric chloride catalyst loaded on the surface of the porous carrier is utilized to activate the oxidant to generate active oxygen species, so that the enriched organic matters are quickly oxidized. The invention couples the adsorption and advanced oxidation technologies to be applied to the wet washing process, has good continuous treatment capacity on the organic waste gas, can continuously use the catalyst, and well solves the problem that the insoluble or slightly soluble organic gas is difficult to effectively remove by the wet washing process based on an advanced oxidation system.
(2) According to the volatile organic compound waste gas washing liquid provided by the invention, the porous carrier loaded ferric oxychloride catalyst with the loading capacity of 5-25% is formed in a dropwise adding mode, the particle size of ferric oxychloride is about 10nm, so that enough active components can be provided, a certain dispersion effect is achieved, the pore passages of the porous carrier are prevented from being blocked, the porous carrier and ferric oxychloride can play a synergistic effect, and organic matters in waste gas can be better captured, adsorbed and oxidized. Furthermore, the pH value of the washing liquid is 3-3.5, so that active free radicals with high concentration can be generated, and the effect of efficiently and continuously removing volatile organic compounds in the organic waste gas is realized by matching the oxidation effect of the oxidant.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a transmission electron microscope image of an activated carbon-supported iron oxychloride catalyst provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the removal rate of dichloroethane in the washing liquids prepared in example 1 of the present invention and in comparative examples 1 to 3;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the dichloroethane removal rate and the reaction time in application example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1
(1) Preparing optimized activated carbon: dissolving 3g of potassium hydroxide in 12 ml of water, adding 3g of commercial activated carbon (powdered activated carbon produced by national drug group chemical reagent Co., Ltd.), stirring for half an hour, and evaporating to dryness; heating to 250 ℃ in nitrogen for further dehydration, keeping for 1 hour, then heating to 900 ℃ and keeping for 2 hours; and (3) after cooling, soaking the obtained solid in a hydrochloric acid solution, then washing with water until the washing liquid is nearly neutral, and filtering and drying the solid product to obtain the optimized activated carbon.
(2) Preparation of optimized activated carbon-supported iron oxychloride (FeOCl) catalyst: dissolving 0.25 g of ferric chloride hexahydrate in 2.6 ml of water, and dropwise adding the ferric chloride solution to 0.9 g of the optimized activated carbon; after 12 hours of immersion, the temperature is raised to 150 ℃ in nitrogen, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours; and after cooling, washing the obtained solid with ethanol, filtering and drying to obtain the optimized activated carbon supported FeOCl catalyst with the load of 10%.
(3) Preparing a washing solution: a double-layer glass reaction kettle with the volume of 1.4 liters is used as a wet washing bubble tower; adding 1 liter of water into a reactor, adding 200 mg of the 10% load optimized activated carbon supported FeOCl catalyst into an aqueous solution, adjusting the pH to 3.0 by using sulfuric acid, and keeping the water temperature at 25 ℃ by using circulating water; to the washing solution, 40 mmol of hydrogen peroxide was added to obtain a washing solution.
The transmission electron microscope photograph of the catalyst prepared in the step (2) shows that FeOOCl on the surface of the porous carbon mainly exists in the form of particles with the particle size of about 10 nanometers (as shown in figure 1).
Example 2
(1) An optimized activated carbon was prepared as in example 1.
(2) The preparation process of the FeOCl loaded by the optimized activated carbon comprises the following steps: dissolving 0.5 g of ferric chloride hexahydrate in 5ml of water, and dropwise adding the ferric chloride solution to 3.8 g of optimized activated carbon; after 12 hours of immersion, the temperature is raised to 150 ℃ in nitrogen, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours; after cooling, washing the obtained solid with ethanol, filtering and drying to obtain an optimized activated carbon supported FeOCl catalyst with the load of 5%;
(3) the washing solution was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that FeOCl supported on the optimized activated carbon having a supporting amount of 5% was prepared as a catalyst in the step (2).
Example 3
(1) An optimized activated carbon was prepared as in example 1.
(2) The preparation process of the FeOCl loaded by the optimized activated carbon comprises the following steps: dissolving 0.5 g of ferric chloride hexahydrate in 2.3 ml of water, and dropwise adding the ferric chloride solution to 0.6 g of optimized activated carbon; after 12 hours of immersion, the temperature is raised to 150 ℃ in nitrogen, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours; after cooling, washing the obtained solid with ethanol, filtering and drying to obtain the optimized activated carbon supported FeOCl catalyst with the load of 25%;
(3) the washing solution was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that FeOCl supported on the optimized activated carbon having a supporting amount of 25% was prepared as a catalyst in the step (2).
Example 4
(1) Preparing porous graphitized carbon: dissolving 1.8g of nickel chloride hexahydrate in 15mL of water, adding 2.5mL of ethylenediamine, stirring to form a nickel-amine complex solution, mixing the solution with 15g of 40% potassium hydroxide solution, adding 3g of activated carbon, stirring for half an hour, evaporating to dryness, heating to 250 ℃ in nitrogen for further dehydration, keeping for 1 hour, then continuously heating to 900 ℃, keeping for 2 hours, completing carbonization, catalytic graphitization and pore-forming activation, cooling, soaking the obtained solid in a hydrochloric acid solution, washing with water until the washing liquid is nearly neutral, filtering and drying the solid product, and obtaining the porous graphitized carbon.
(2) In example 1, the optimized activated carbon in the preparation process of the activated carbon-supported FeOCl catalyst is replaced by the porous graphitized carbon, and other conditions are not changed, so that the porous graphitized carbon-supported FeOCl catalyst is prepared.
(3) The washing solution was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the porous graphitized carbon-supported FeOOCl catalyst prepared in step (2) was used as the catalyst.
Example 5
(1) Heating the bamboo to 400 ℃ in the nitrogen atmosphere, treating for 2 hours, and cooling to obtain the biochar.
(2) In example 1, the optimized activated carbon in the preparation process of the activated carbon-supported FeOCl catalyst is replaced by the biochar, and other conditions are not changed to prepare the biochar-supported FeOCl catalyst.
(3) The washing solution was prepared in the same manner as in example 1 except that the biochar-supported FeOOCl catalyst prepared in step (2) was used as a catalyst.
Example 6
(1) In example 1, the optimized activated carbon in the preparation process of the activated carbon supported FeOOL catalyst is replaced by the original powdered activated carbon (produced by national drug group chemical reagent Co., Ltd.), and the original activated carbon supported FeOOL catalyst is prepared under the same conditions.
(2) The washing solution was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the FeOOCl catalyst supported on the raw activated carbon prepared in the step (1) was used as the catalyst.
Example 7
(1) Preparing mesoporous carbon: mixing 4.5mL of ethanol and 4.5mL of hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 3.0M, adding 1.1g of resorcinol and 1.1g of Pluronic F127 into the mixed solution, stirring for dissolving, adding 1.3g of formaldehyde solution with the mass concentration of 37%, stirring for 40 minutes, performing centrifugal separation, standing at room temperature for 12 hours, respectively treating at 80 ℃ and 120 ℃ for 24 hours, and finally carbonizing at 850 ℃ in nitrogen for 2 hours to obtain the mesoporous carbon.
(2) Preparing a mesoporous carbon supported FeOCl catalyst: in the embodiment 1, the optimized activated carbon in the preparation process of the activated carbon-supported FeOCl catalyst is replaced by the mesoporous carbon prepared in the step (1), and other conditions are not changed to prepare the mesoporous carbon-supported FeOCl catalyst.
(3) The washing solution was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the mesoporous carbon-supported FeOCl catalyst prepared in step (2) was used as the catalyst.
Example 8
(1) The following porous non-carbon supports were prepared separately: porous silica gel, mesoporous silica SBA-15, mesoporous silica KIT-6, mesoporous silica MCM-48, diatomite, a ZSM-5 molecular sieve, a Y molecular sieve and montmorillonite.
(2) The above porous non-carbon support-supported FeOOCl catalysts were respectively obtained by the preparation method of step (2) of reference example 1.
(3) The washing solution was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that various different porous non-carbon support-supported FeOOCl catalysts prepared in step (2) were used as catalysts, respectively.
Example 9
The hydrogen peroxide in step (2) of example 1 was replaced with potassium peroxodisulfate, and the other conditions were not changed.
Example 10
An optimized activated carbon supported FeOOCl catalyst was prepared as in example 1. The washing solution was prepared as in example 1, except that: the amount of hydrogen peroxide added was 100mmol, and the other conditions were unchanged.
Comparative example 1
200 mg of 10% loading of optimized activated carbon FeOOCl used in step (3) of example 1 was replaced by 180 mg of optimized activated carbon, the other conditions being unchanged.
Comparative example 2
200 mg of 10% loaded activated carbon-supported FeOOCl used in step (3) of example 1 was replaced with 20 mg of unsupported FeOOCl catalyst, the other conditions being unchanged.
Comparative example 3
200 mg of 10% loaded activated carbon FeOOCl used in step (3) of example 1 was replaced with a mixture of 180 mg of optimized activated carbon and 20 mg of unsupported FeOOCl, with the other conditions being unchanged.
Comparative example 4
The preparation formula of the activated carbon supported FeOOCl catalyst in the step (2) of the example 1 is changed into that: 0.075 g of ferric chloride hexahydrate is dissolved in 1.5 ml of water and the ferric chloride solution is added dropwise to 0.97 g of activated carbon. Obtaining the FeOCl loaded on the optimized activated carbon with the loading capacity of 3%. Other conditions were unchanged.
Comparative example 5
The preparation formula of the activated carbon supported FeOOCl catalyst in the step (2) of the example 1 is changed into that: 0.75 g of ferric chloride hexahydrate was dissolved in 2.0 ml of water and the ferric chloride solution was added dropwise to 0.70 g of activated carbon. Obtaining the optimized FeOCl loaded on the activated carbon with the loading capacity of 30%. Other conditions were unchanged.
Comparative example 6
An activated carbon supported FeOOCl catalyst was prepared as in example 1. The washing solution was prepared as in example 1, except that: the pH of the wash was adjusted to 2.5 with sulfuric acid, and the other conditions were unchanged.
Comparative example 7
An activated carbon supported FeOOCl catalyst was prepared as in example 1. The washing solution was prepared as in example 1, except that: the pH of the wash was adjusted to 4.0 with sulfuric acid, and the other conditions were unchanged.
Comparative example 8
An optimized activated carbon supported FeOOCl catalyst was prepared as in example 1. The washing solution was prepared as in example 1, except that: the amount of hydrogen peroxide added was 130 mmol, and the other conditions were unchanged.
Application example 1
The washing liquids prepared in examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 8 were tested for their removal of dichloroethane from the organic waste gas, respectively, using dichloroethane as a test gas. The test method is as follows:
a double-layer glass reaction kettle with the volume of 1.4 liters and the inner diameter of 8.5 centimeters is used as a wet washing bubble tower, 1 liter of washing liquid is added into the bubble tower, and the water temperature is kept at 25 ℃ through a circulating water bath; continuously introducing air containing dichloroethane (flow rate is 150 ml/min, namely the ratio of the volume of the waste gas treated per hour to the volume of the washing liquid is 9) to the bottom of the washing liquid through a glass tube with the diameter of 5mm and one end of a G3 sand core, wherein the concentration of the dichloroethane is 25 ppm; after the aeration reaction is respectively tested for 200 minutes and 400 minutes, the removal rate of dichloroethane by different washing solutions is statistically tested and the results are shown in table 1 below:
table 1:
as can be seen from the above table,
comparative example 1, using optimized activated carbon alone in place of the activated carbon-supported FeOCl catalyst of example 1, test results showed that a dichloroethane removal of 47% was achieved at 200 minutes and the removal dropped to 18% at 400 minutes, indicating that it was difficult to continuously remove volatile organics in the exhaust gas by adsorption alone.
Comparative example 2, in which an unsupported FeOCl catalyst was used alone instead of the activated carbon-supported FeOCl catalyst of example 1, the test results showed that the removal rate was less than 30% at both 200 minutes and 400 minutes, indicating that it was difficult to achieve a high removal effect by means of catalytic oxidation alone.
Comparative example 3, the optimized activated carbon with the same quality as that of example 1 and the unsupported FeOOCl catalyst are mixed for use, the removal capacity is improved compared with that of comparative examples 1 and 2, and the removal rate reaches 69% in 400 minutes, but is still obviously lower than the treatment result of example 1, which shows that the catalyst is loaded on the porous carrier, the porous carrier has an enrichment effect on organic matters, the catalyst on the carrier is favorable for oxidizing the organic matters by the catalyst, and the synergy exists between adsorption and catalytic oxidation.
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the removal rate of dichloroethane in 400 minutes in the washing solutions prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3. It can be seen that the removal rates of comparative examples 1-3 all decreased to different degrees with increasing reaction time, with the decrease of comparative examples 1 and 2 being more severe. This shows that the washing liquid obtained by the preparation method of the present invention has a higher removal rate of the organic waste gas and can maintain a higher treatment level for a longer period of time, compared to comparative examples 1 to 3.
The removal rate of the method disclosed by the invention in the embodiments 1-10 can reach more than 70%. Compared with other porous carriers, the removal effect of the porous carbon carrier is better, and the removal rate of the activated carbon after the optimization treatment can reach about 85%. The treatment results of example 4 are optimal with removal rates as high as 95%. Further research shows that the washing liquid prepared in example 4 also shows excellent removal performance for other common organic pollutants, and the removal rate of benzene, toluene and methyl ethyl ketone in the reaction system can be kept at 100% within 400 minutes, and the removal rate of cyclohexane is kept above 90%.
In terms of selection of the oxidizing agent, potassium peroxodisulfate is adopted as the oxidizing agent in example 9, the removal capacity is higher than that in example 1, and the removal rate can reach 90%.
Application example 2
Preparation of washing solution Steps (1) and (2) were the same as in example 1 except that in step (3), 10mmol of hydrogen peroxide was added to the washing solution. The aeration reaction was carried out by the test method in application example 1, and 10mmol of hydrogen peroxide was added every 100 minutes from the 200 th minute. In the reaction system in which the oxidizing agent was intermittently added, the change in the concentration of dichloroethane with time was as shown in FIG. 3.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the removal rate of dichloroethane stabilized at 85% or more in 400 minutes; the dichloroethane removal rate can still be kept above 80% within 1200 minutes. This indicates that the removal rate of the organic gas can be maintained at a high level for a longer reaction time by intermittently adding the oxidizing agent.
Application example 3
Preparation of washing solution Steps (1) and (2) were the same as in example 1 except that in step (3), 20g of a catalyst and 0.3 mmol of hydrogen peroxide were added to the washing solution. The same device as in application example 1 was used to test the effect of the scrubbing solution on dichloroethane removal, the dichloroethane concentration was 2500ppm, the exhaust gas flow rate was 16.7 ml/min (i.e., the ratio of the volume of exhaust gas treated per hour to the volume of scrubbing solution was 1), from the start of aeration, hydrogen peroxide was continuously fed into the scrubbing solution by means of a syringe pump, and the hydrogen peroxide concentration in the scrubbing solution was maintained at 0.3 to 5mmol/L by adjusting the pumping speed of the syringe pump. In the reaction system with continuously added oxidant, the dichloroethane removing rate can be kept above 95% within 1200 minutes. This indicates that the removal rate of the organic gas can be maintained at a high level for a long period of time by continuously supplying the oxidizing agent.
Application example 4
The washing solution was prepared in the same manner as in example 1. The washing liquid was tested for its effect of removing dichloroethane using the same apparatus as in application example 1, the dichloroethane concentration was 1ppm, the off-gas flow rate was 1.67 liters/min (i.e., the ratio of the volume of off-gas treated per hour to the volume of washing liquid was 100), and the test showed that the dichloroethane removal rate was 90% or more in 400 minutes.
Application example 5
The washing solution was prepared in the same manner as in example 1. The washing liquid was tested for its effect on dichloroethane removal using an apparatus similar to that of application example 1, except that an 8W UV-C UV lamp (dominant wavelength 254nm, light intensity of about 4.5 mW/cm) was inserted into the washing liquid2) And the other test conditions are the same as those of the application example 1, and the ultraviolet lamp is always turned on in the test process. The test shows that at 400 pointsThe removal rate of dichloroethane is kept above 96%.
Application example 6
The washing solution was prepared in the same manner as in example 1. The washing performance of the organic waste gas is tested by adopting a spray tower reactor, the inner diameter of the spray tower is 5 cm, the height of the spray tower is 20 cm, and the spray flow is 1 liter/minute. The exhaust gas parameters were the same as in application example 1. Tests show that the removal rate of dichloroethane is kept above 85% in 400 minutes.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a volatile organic compound waste gas washing liquid comprises the following steps:
s1, dropwise adding a ferric trichloride solution onto the porous carrier, and fully soaking to obtain a first product;
s2, carrying out heat treatment on the first product, and cleaning, filtering and drying the heat-treated first product to obtain a porous carrier loaded iron oxychloride catalyst; in the porous carrier loaded ferric oxychloride catalyst, the mass percent of ferric oxychloride is 5-25%;
s3, adding the porous carrier loaded iron oxychloride catalyst into water, and adjusting the pH to 3-3.5 to obtain a second product;
and S4, adding an oxidant into the second product to obtain the volatile organic compound waste gas washing liquid.
2. The production method according to claim 1,
in the step S1, the porous carrier is a porous carbon carrier or a porous non-carbon carrier;
the porous carbon carrier is selected from one or more of activated carbon, optimized activated carbon, biochar, porous graphitized carbon and mesoporous carbon;
the porous non-carbon carrier is selected from one or more of porous silica gel, mesoporous silica, diatomite, a molecular sieve and montmorillonite.
3. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the porous support is an optimally treated activated carbon, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding activated carbon into an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, uniformly mixing, and evaporating water to obtain a product A; calcining the product A at high temperature under a protective atmosphere to obtain a product B; and (4) soaking the product B in an acid solution, taking out, washing, filtering and drying to obtain the optimized activated carbon.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the temperature of the heat treatment is 100 to 180 ℃; the atmosphere of the heat treatment is selected from one of nitrogen, oxygen, air or argon.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the mass-to-volume ratio of the porous carrier-supported iron oxychloride catalyst to water is 0.05-20 g/L.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the oxidant is selected from one or more of hydrogen peroxide, peroxymonosulfate, peroxydisulfate, sulfite, and percarbonate; the initial concentration of the oxidant in the volatile organic compound waste gas washing liquid is 0.3-100 mmol/L.
7. Use of a washing liquid of a volatile organic exhaust gas obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 for treating an organic exhaust gas,
continuously introducing organic waste gas into a reactor containing the volatile organic compound waste gas washing liquid, wherein the content of volatile organic compounds in the organic waste gas is 1-2500 ppm; the ratio of the volume of the waste gas treated by the volatile organic compound waste gas washing liquid per hour to the volume of the waste gas treated by the volatile organic compound waste gas washing liquid per hour is 1-100: 1.
8. the use of claim 7, further comprising: and intermittently or continuously supplementing an oxidant to the volatile organic waste gas washing liquid.
9. The use of claim 7, further comprising: and carrying out ultraviolet radiation on the volatile organic compound waste gas washing liquid introduced with the organic waste gas.
10. Use according to claim 7, wherein the reactor is selected from a bubble column and/or a spray column.
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