CN114344772A - Water system fire extinguishing system suitable for electric vehicle power battery and fire extinguishing method thereof - Google Patents
Water system fire extinguishing system suitable for electric vehicle power battery and fire extinguishing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114344772A CN114344772A CN202111561782.2A CN202111561782A CN114344772A CN 114344772 A CN114344772 A CN 114344772A CN 202111561782 A CN202111561782 A CN 202111561782A CN 114344772 A CN114344772 A CN 114344772A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 206010000369 Accident Diseases 0.000 description 3
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- WVSNNWIIMPNRDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluorohexan-2-one Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F WVSNNWIIMPNRDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water system fire extinguishing system suitable for an electric automobile power battery and a fire extinguishing method thereof, wherein the system comprises a battery detection unit, a water system fire extinguishing unit and a control unit; the battery detection unit comprises a gas detection probe for detecting the thermal runaway characteristic gas of the power battery module and a temperature detection probe for detecting the surface temperature of the power battery module; the water system fire extinguishing unit comprises a water storage tank and a fire extinguishing nozzle, the fire extinguishing nozzle faces the power battery module, the water storage tank is connected with the fire extinguishing nozzle through a water supply pipeline, and a pump and a control valve are arranged on the water supply pipeline; the control unit controls the working states of the pump and the control valve according to whether the concentration of the thermal runaway characteristic gas exceeds a preset concentration threshold value and whether the temperature of the power battery module exceeds a preset temperature threshold value, so that the fire extinguishing spray head is controlled to spray the module in an abnormal state. The invention can monitor the state of the power battery of the electric automobile, realize effective cooling or fire extinguishing when the power battery is in a thermal runaway state, and reduce the fire loss of the battery module.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a water system fire extinguishing system suitable for an electric automobile power battery and a fire extinguishing method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the proposal of a new capital construction strategy, domestic electric vehicles and intelligent charging facilities are constructed to develop a new trend. However, the power battery of the electric automobile is an energy storage device, and the out-of-control release of stored energy can be induced under improper charging working conditions, so that fire accidents are caused, and the personal and property safety of an automobile owner and a charging station is seriously affected. In 2020, the annual production and sale of new energy automobiles in China respectively reach 136.6 ten thousand and 136.7 ten thousand, the year-on-year production and sale are respectively increased by 7.5 percent and 10.9 percent, the inventory of new energy automobiles in China reaches 492 ten thousand, the new energy automobiles account for 1.75 percent of the total amount of the automobiles, and the production is increased by 111 thousand and 29.18 percent compared with the production in 2019. The new energy automobile has continuously increased in quantity, and safety accidents such as spontaneous combustion and fire of the new energy automobile are frequently caused.
In general, the high-capacity power battery of the new energy automobile is easy to induce thermal runaway under the conditions of overcharge, overheating, internal short circuit, external short circuit, mechanical trigger and other factors, and has high difficulty in putting out a fire and high risk of reignition. With the rapid development of the industry, the safety problem becomes the key for the development of the new energy automobile industry, and the attention of related departments and industries must be drawn. From the state of the vehicle when the fire accident occurs, the accident occurring in the standing state is up to 30, which accounts for about half of the accident, and then the accident occurring in the charging state accounts for 28%, and the accident occurring in the running state accounts for 23%. Charging safety has always been one of the focus of social attention.
There are numerous studies on power battery fire suppression, and the selection of effective fire extinguishing agents and methods has been the key point in suppressing fire accidents. The conventional fire extinguishing agent mainly comprises three types of solid, liquid and gas, at present, researchers mainly research the effect of the fire extinguishing agent comprising dry powder, water, heptafluoropropane, carbon dioxide, perfluorohexanone and the like on extinguishing a power battery fire, and the result shows that the performance of the water-based fire extinguishing agent is excellent in the aspects of fire extinguishing and temperature reduction.
In the existing research on extinguishing battery fire by using a water-based extinguishing agent, a test method of heating to battery thermal runaway is often adopted; aiming at the real battery module environment, the early warning and extinguishing of the fire of the battery module do not form an effective scheme; after the battery fire is extinguished, the reburning condition may exist, and the gas extinguishing agent has poor effect on inhibiting the reburning of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water system fire extinguishing system suitable for an electric automobile power battery and a fire extinguishing method thereof, which can monitor the state of the electric automobile power battery, realize temperature reduction or fire extinguishing when the power battery is in a thermal runaway state, effectively extinguish a fire of a battery module and reduce the fire loss of the battery module. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a water-based fire extinguishing system suitable for a power battery of an electric vehicle, including: a battery detection unit, a water system fire extinguishing unit and a control unit;
the battery detection unit comprises a gas detection probe for detecting the thermal runaway characteristic gas of the power battery module and a temperature detection probe for detecting the surface temperature of the power battery module;
the water system fire extinguishing unit comprises a water storage tank and a fire extinguishing nozzle, the fire extinguishing nozzle faces the power battery module, the water storage tank is connected with the fire extinguishing nozzle through a water supply pipeline, and a pump and a control valve are arranged on the water supply pipeline;
the signal output ends of the gas detection probe and the temperature detection probe are respectively connected with the control unit; the control unit judges whether the concentration of the thermal runaway characteristic gas exceeds a preset concentration threshold value or not according to a gas concentration signal output by the gas detection probe, judges whether the temperature of the power battery module exceeds a preset temperature threshold value or not according to a temperature signal output by the temperature detection probe, and controls a control valve on a water supply pipeline to be opened and a pump to start running if the concentration exceeds the preset concentration threshold value and the temperature exceeds the temperature threshold value according to a judgment result.
Optionally, the power battery module includes the casing, and the casing includes the top cap, the shower nozzle of putting out a fire sets up in the casing apart from the 3cm high department of top cap.
Optionally, the water system fire extinguishing system further comprises an alarm unit, and the control unit controls the alarm unit to output an alarm signal when the control unit judges that the obtained concentration exceeds a preset concentration threshold and/or the temperature exceeds a temperature threshold. The alarm unit can adopt the forms of sound and light alarm and the like.
Optionally, the number of the temperature detection probes is at least 2, and the temperature detection probes face different side surfaces of the power battery module respectively.
Optionally, the temperature detection probe is an infrared probe.
Optionally, the gas detected by the gas detection probe is a composite gas, and the composite gas includes hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides the fire extinguishing method of the first aspect for a water-based fire extinguishing system for an electric vehicle power battery, which is executed by a control unit, the method including:
acquiring concentration information of the thermal runaway characteristic gas detected by a gas detection probe and temperature information of the power battery module detected by a temperature detection probe;
judging whether the concentration of the thermal runaway characteristic gas exceeds a preset concentration threshold value or not according to the gas concentration signal, and judging whether the temperature of the power battery module exceeds a preset temperature threshold value or not according to the temperature information;
when the gas concentration exceeds a preset concentration threshold value and the temperature of the power battery module exceeds a preset temperature threshold value, the control valve on the water supply pipeline is controlled to be opened, and the pump starts to operate so as to spray the power battery module.
Optionally, when carrying out gas concentration judgement and temperature judgement, at first judge whether the concentration information of thermal runaway characteristic gas benefits and predetermine the concentration threshold value, if do not surpass then regard as not needing to put out a fire, if surpass then judge whether the temperature of power battery module surpasss and predetermine the temperature threshold value, if the temperature surpasss and predetermine the temperature threshold value, then regard as needs to put out a fire.
Optionally, when spraying the power battery module, control valve and pump are opened for the shower nozzle of putting out a fire sprays 10 minutes to the power battery module, reacquires temperature information, judges whether the temperature reaches below the preset safety threshold, if not reach then continue to spray, reach below the preset safety threshold until the temperature after spraying, stop spraying, and continue the monitoring to the power battery module. The pump can adopt a high-pressure pump, and the fire extinguishing nozzle can adopt a spray type nozzle, so that the fire extinguishing water agent can spray, extinguish fire and cool the power battery module in a high-pressure water mist mode.
Optionally, the fire extinguishing method further comprises: and when the concentration exceeds a preset concentration threshold value and/or the temperature exceeds a temperature threshold value, controlling a preset alarm unit to output an alarm signal.
Advantageous effects
Aiming at the early warning requirement of thermal runaway of the power battery of the electric automobile, the invention firstly combines gas online monitoring and infrared online monitoring, monitors the thermal runaway state of the battery module according to the actual thermal runaway characteristic of the battery, and automatically controls the fire extinguishing nozzle to spray, extinguish fire or cool the monitored power battery module when the thermal runaway characteristics (including gas and temperature) of the power battery module meet the set condition. The fire extinguishing device provided by the invention can be used for accurately extinguishing a fire disaster of the battery module and preventing re-ignition, thereby realizing the functions of early warning, fire extinguishing and re-ignition prevention of thermal runaway of the power battery of the electric automobile.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of a water-based fire extinguishing system for an electric vehicle power battery according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the fire extinguishing method executed by the control unit in the system of the embodiment 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
Example 1
The present embodiment describes a water-based fire extinguishing system suitable for a power battery of an electric vehicle, and as shown in fig. 1, the water-based fire extinguishing system includes a battery detection unit, a water-based fire extinguishing unit, and a control unit.
The battery detection unit comprises a gas detection probe and 2 temperature detection probes 5, wherein the 2 temperature detection probes are respectively arranged towards the front and the side of the power battery module, and the gas detection probe 1 is arranged in the shell of the power battery module and used for detecting the thermal runaway characteristic gas of the power battery module. The temperature detection probe 5 adopts an infrared probe, such as a linear temperature measurement thermal imager; the gas detection probe 1 adopts a composite gas detector, the detected gas is composite gas, and the composite gas comprises hydrogen and carbon monoxide according to the characteristics of the power battery module when thermal runaway occurs.
The water system fire extinguishing unit comprises a water storage tank 8 and a fire extinguishing nozzle 11, wherein the fire extinguishing nozzle 11 is arranged towards the power battery module, and is preferably arranged at a position 3cm below a top cover of a shell of the power battery module. The water storage tank 8 is connected with the fire extinguishing nozzle 11 through a water supply pipeline 10, and a high-pressure pump 9 and a control valve 7 are arranged on the water supply pipeline 10.
The signal output ends of the gas detection probe 1 and the temperature detection probe 5 are respectively connected with a control unit; the control unit judges whether the concentration of the thermal runaway characteristic gas exceeds a preset concentration threshold value of 100ppm according to the gas concentration signal output by the gas detection probe 1, and judges whether the temperature of the power battery module exceeds a preset temperature threshold value of 60 according to the temperature signal output by the temperature detection probe 5oAnd C, if the concentration exceeds the preset concentration threshold and the temperature exceeds the temperature threshold, controlling a control valve 7 on a water supply pipeline 10 to be opened and a pump 9 to start running.
The water system fire extinguishing system of the embodiment further comprises an alarm unit, the control unit controls the alarm unit to output an alarm signal when the control unit judges that the concentration exceeds a preset concentration threshold value or the temperature exceeds a temperature threshold value, and the alarm unit can be realized by adopting an alarm lamp 4.
Example 2
This embodiment describes a fire extinguishing method of the water-based fire extinguishing system of embodiment 1, which is executed by a control unit and includes:
acquiring concentration information of the thermal runaway characteristic gas detected by a gas detection probe and temperature information of the power battery module detected by a temperature detection probe;
judging whether the concentration of the thermal runaway characteristic gas exceeds a preset concentration threshold value or not according to the gas concentration signal, and judging whether the temperature of the power battery module exceeds a preset temperature threshold value or not according to the temperature information;
when the gas concentration exceeds a preset concentration threshold value and the temperature of the power battery module exceeds a preset temperature threshold value, the control valve on the water supply pipeline is controlled to be opened, and the pump starts to operate so as to spray the power battery module.
Referring to fig. 2, in combination with the water-based fire extinguishing system architecture of embodiment 1, the fire extinguishing method of the embodiment includes the following specific steps:
s1, the control unit acquires the concentration information of the thermal runaway characteristic gas detected by the gas detection probe 1, and starts a gas threshold judgment program: judging whether the concentration of the thermal runaway characteristic gas exceeds a preset concentration threshold value by 100ppm or not according to the gas concentration signal, and when the gas concentration does not exceed the gas concentration threshold value, determining that fire extinguishment is not needed, and continuously monitoring the concentration information of the thermal runaway characteristic gas; if the gas concentration exceeds the gas concentration threshold, acquiring temperature information of the power battery module, which is detected by the temperature detection probe 5;
s2, the control unit starts the temperature threshold value judgment program: judging whether the surface temperature of the power battery module exceeds a preset temperature threshold value 60 according to the temperature informationoC, if the temperature does not exceed the preset temperature threshold, determining that fire extinguishment is not needed, and continuously monitoring concentration information of the thermal runaway characteristic gas; if the temperature exceeds a preset temperature threshold (at the moment, the gas concentration still exceeds the preset concentration threshold), the control valve 7 on the water supply pipeline 10 is controlled to be opened, and the pump 9 starts to operate, so that the power battery module is sprayed.
When spraying the power battery module, the control valve 7 and the pump 9 are controlled to be opened, so that the fire extinguishing nozzle 11 sprays the power battery module for 10 minutes, temperature information is obtained again, whether the temperature reaches below a preset safety threshold value or not is judged, if the temperature does not reach the preset safety threshold value, spraying is continued until the temperature after spraying reaches below 50 ℃ of the preset safety threshold value, spraying is stopped, and monitoring of the power battery module is continued. The pump 9 can adopt a high-pressure pump, and the fire extinguishing spray 11 head adopts a spray type spray head, so that the fire extinguishing water agent can perform spray fire extinguishing and cooling on the power battery module in a 5MPa high-pressure water mist mode.
When the control pump and the control valve start the water system to extinguish the fire, the embodiment can also output an alarm signal through a preset alarm unit. In order to adapt to the early warning under various conditions, different alarm output forms can be respectively set for the conditions that the single temperature exceeds the threshold value, the single gas concentration exceeds the threshold value, and both the temperature and the gas concentration exceed the threshold value, for example, alarm lamps with different colors are set, or corresponding alarm state information is output through a human-computer interface.
To sum up the embodiment, can carry out accurate putting out to battery module conflagration, prevent the after combustion to realize electric automobile power battery thermal runaway early warning, put out a fire and prevent the after combustion function.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A water-based fire suppression system suitable for use in an electric vehicle power cell, comprising: a battery detection unit, a water system fire extinguishing unit and a control unit;
the battery detection unit comprises a gas detection probe for detecting the thermal runaway characteristic gas of the power battery module and a temperature detection probe for detecting the surface temperature of the power battery module;
the water system fire extinguishing unit comprises a water storage tank and a fire extinguishing nozzle, the fire extinguishing nozzle faces the power battery module, the water storage tank is connected with the fire extinguishing nozzle through a water supply pipeline, and a pump and a control valve are arranged on the water supply pipeline;
the signal output ends of the gas detection probe and the temperature detection probe are respectively connected with the control unit; the control unit judges whether the concentration of the thermal runaway characteristic gas exceeds a preset concentration threshold value or not according to a gas concentration signal output by the gas detection probe, judges whether the temperature of the power battery module exceeds a preset temperature threshold value or not according to a temperature signal output by the temperature detection probe, and controls a control valve on a water supply pipeline to be opened and a pump to start running if the concentration exceeds the preset concentration threshold value and the temperature exceeds the temperature threshold value according to a judgment result.
2. The water-based fire suppression system for electric vehicle power batteries according to claim 1, wherein: the power battery module includes the casing, and the casing includes the top cap, the shower nozzle of putting out a fire locates in the casing apart from the 3cm high department of top cap.
3. The water-based fire suppression system for electric vehicle power batteries according to claim 1, wherein: the water system fire extinguishing system also comprises an alarm unit, and the control unit controls the alarm unit to output an alarm signal when judging that the obtained concentration exceeds a preset concentration threshold or the temperature exceeds a temperature threshold; the alarm unit adopts an acousto-optic alarm form.
4. The water-based fire suppression system for electric vehicle power batteries according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature detection probe sets up 2 at least, respectively towards the different side surfaces of power battery module.
5. The water-based fire suppression system for electric vehicle power batteries according to claim 4, wherein: the temperature detection probe adopts an infrared probe.
6. The water-based fire suppression system for electric vehicle power batteries according to claim 1, wherein: the gas detected by the gas detection probe is a composite gas, and the composite gas comprises hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
7. A fire extinguishing method of the water-based fire extinguishing system for electric vehicle power battery according to any one of claims 1 to 6, performed by a control unit, the method comprising:
acquiring concentration information of the thermal runaway characteristic gas detected by a gas detection probe and temperature information of the power battery module detected by a temperature detection probe;
judging whether the concentration of the thermal runaway characteristic gas exceeds a preset concentration threshold value or not according to the gas concentration signal, and judging whether the temperature of the power battery module exceeds a preset temperature threshold value or not according to the temperature information;
when the gas concentration exceeds a preset concentration threshold value and the temperature of the power battery module exceeds a preset temperature threshold value, the control valve on the water supply pipeline is controlled to be opened, and the pump starts to operate so as to spray the power battery module.
8. The fire extinguishing method of claim 7, wherein the fire extinguishing method is performed by a fire extinguishing system for a water-based fire extinguishing system for a power battery of an electric vehicle, the fire extinguishing method comprising: when carrying out gas concentration judgement and temperature judgement, at first judge that whether the concentration information of thermal runaway characteristic gas benefits predetermines the concentration threshold value, if do not surpass then regard as not needing to put out a fire, if surpass then judge that the temperature of power battery module is whether surpass and predetermine the temperature threshold value, if the temperature surpasss and predetermine the temperature threshold value, then regard as needs to put out a fire.
9. The fire extinguishing method of claim 7, wherein the fire extinguishing method is performed by a fire extinguishing system for a water-based fire extinguishing system for a power battery of an electric vehicle, the fire extinguishing method comprising: when spraying the power battery module, control valve and pump are opened for the shower nozzle of putting out a fire sprays 10 minutes to the power battery module, reacquires temperature information, judges whether the temperature reaches below the preset safety threshold, if not reach then continue to spray, reach below the preset safety threshold until the temperature after spraying, stop spraying, and continue the monitoring to the power battery module.
10. The fire extinguishing method of claim 7, wherein the fire extinguishing method is performed by a fire extinguishing system for a water-based fire extinguishing system for a power battery of an electric vehicle, the fire extinguishing method comprising: further comprising: and when the concentration exceeds a preset concentration threshold value or the temperature exceeds a temperature threshold value, controlling a preset alarm unit to output an alarm signal.
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| CN202111561782.2A CN114344772A (en) | 2021-12-20 | 2021-12-20 | Water system fire extinguishing system suitable for electric vehicle power battery and fire extinguishing method thereof |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106110537A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-11-16 | 南京工业大学 | Cooling fire extinguishing device and fire extinguishing method for thermal runaway of stored lithium ion battery |
| CN111249652A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-06-09 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Water mist fire extinguishing device and method applied to lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery |
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2021
- 2021-12-20 CN CN202111561782.2A patent/CN114344772A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106110537A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-11-16 | 南京工业大学 | Cooling fire extinguishing device and fire extinguishing method for thermal runaway of stored lithium ion battery |
| CN111249652A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-06-09 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Water mist fire extinguishing device and method applied to lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery |
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