CN114343703A - Gender inference method, system, device and storage medium based on teeth - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gender inference method, a gender inference system, a gender inference device and a storage medium based on teeth, wherein the gender inference method comprises the following steps: obtaining CBCT images (Cone-beam CT, CBCT) of the target sample teeth; measuring three-dimensional information of the tooth according to the CBCT image; carrying out difference and correlation test on the three-dimensional information of the teeth and the real gender to obtain correlation parameters with gender difference and correlation with gender; and establishing a gender identification model according to the correlation parameters. The invention adopts data measurement based on CBCT, and can obtain more tooth three-dimensional information. The tooth volume is used as an identification object, the three-dimensional shape information of the whole tooth is segmented, the influence of information such as adjacent teeth is reduced to a certain extent, and the identification accuracy is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of medical identification, and relates to a gender inference method, a gender inference system, a gender inference device and a gender inference storage medium based on teeth.
Background
Individual identification plays a very important role in forensic practice, such as individual identification of unknown bodies or tsunami and air crash body debris in criminal cases. Gender identification is significant in forensic medicine because it greatly simplifies the process of individual identification. Methods for sex determination are numerous, including measurement and analysis of bones and teeth of the hip, skull, mandible, etc. On one hand, the teeth are used as the hardest tissues of the human body, and can still keep more complete shapes and structures in severe environment; on the other hand, most of genes determining the size of teeth exist in sex chromosomes, so that the tooth morphology has obvious sex diphasic property, so that sex identification by measuring the tooth anatomical structure has relatively high accuracy, and the sex identification method can be used as an important supplement for sex identification in the forensic medicine under the condition of skull and pelvis loss. Currently, sex determination methods based on teeth are generally divided into two-dimensional measurement methods such as dental photo measurement and X-ray film measurement, and three-dimensional measurement methods such as tooth CT measurement and model measurement. The accuracy of sex identification by using the two-dimensional tooth image is generally low, and the two-dimensional tooth image is easily influenced by factors such as shooting angle, image resolution, color and the like. Some scholars perform sex determination research by tooth form measurement based on tooth pictures, but due to the influence of periodontal tissues, picture light, color balance and other factors, the analysis result is not ideal for scholars to perform sex determination research by different types of tooth X-ray images, but the X-ray pictures are easily influenced by shooting techniques and shooting angles, and are easy to generate measurement errors, so that the accuracy is low. Therefore, the accuracy of sex determination based on two-dimensional measurement methods remains questionable.
In recent years, the identification of the sex of teeth based on three-dimensional images has been widely noticed by scholars in the field of forensic medicine because the data acquisition is more accurate, convenient and intuitive. The three-dimensional measurement method is divided into two types of manual measurement and digital measurement, wherein the manual measurement method mainly comprises in-vitro tooth measurement, living tooth measurement and tooth model measurement. The measurement indexes mainly comprise the tooth mesial-distal diameter, the buccal-lingual diameter, the tooth crown part or the tooth neck part diagonal diameter and the like. The method is widely applied to the research of the sex determination of teeth, and has the advantages of simplicity, convenience and directness. However, when a sample is measured, measurement errors are often generated due to problems such as intraoral operating angles and crowded dentitions, and accuracy is affected. In addition, since the method does not leave a plaster model or a digital model, the rechecking measurement cannot be performed at a later stage. The model measurement is to explore gender diphasic by measuring the tooth anatomical structure on the prepared dentition plaster model, which is lack of convenience and rapidness compared with direct measurement, but allows the tooth anatomical structure to be finely measured, and the method has model record and can be conveniently retested under the condition that a tissue sample cannot be taken away. With the progress of science and technology, the digital technology is widely applied to the field of tooth sex determination due to the accuracy and objectivity of measurement. The digital three-dimensional measurement method can solve the problems of low accuracy and incapability of keeping records of the traditional direct measurement method, can avoid a complicated process in model measurement, and can obtain huge data information, so that the method is more suitable for tooth gender identification. In gender identification, CBCT can provide more tooth information, such as three-dimensional indexes of root volume, crown volume, pulp cavity volume and the like, and the accuracy of gender identification is higher than that of a two-dimensional measurement method.
For the selection of the sex determination tooth position, the cuspid has longer retention time in the jawbone, less abrasion and good sex dimorphism compared with other teeth, so the cuspid is considered as the optimal tooth position for the sex determination of the tooth and is independently used as a sample for the sex determination. The first permanent molar is the first permanent tooth erupted in the growth and development of human beings, the tooth root of the first permanent molar is longer and more, and the first permanent molar can exist in the jaw bone in an early stage, a long period and a stable state. As the measurement index, generally, the measurement indexes for the sex determination of teeth are: the mesial-distal diameter of the tooth, the bucco-lingual diameter, the diagonal diameter, the root length, the root volume, the total tooth volume, etc.
Currently, gender inference is mostly performed by directly performing statistical analysis on measurements of individual indexes of teeth to evaluate the correlation between teeth and gender, but there are some scholars who select a plurality of tooth position combinations or perform gender inference by using ratios of different indexes.
The defects of the prior art are as follows:
1. due to ethnicity difference, the correlation between tooth development and morphology and gender of different populations is different, so that different populations need specific equations for gender identification.
2. Although the sex identification can be carried out by adopting the tooth information in the two-dimensional image, the prior research shows that the sex identification is not good enough, and the method has the problems of more complex operation, less information, easy influence of shooting technology and angle on the measurement result and the like in the forensic medical practice and is relatively less in application.
3. The measurement based on the individual tooth with high gender diphasic property or the combination of different types of teeth has high accuracy of the tooth gender identification, so the method is widely applied to related researches. Although such methods are studied more, there are problems in that the operation is complicated, the storage of the model is inconvenient, and information in the alveolar bone cannot be obtained.
4. Most of the previous researches are based on manual measurement of models, photos and the like, and have the defects of strong subjectivity, low repeatability and poor accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving the problems of the prior art and to providing a method, system, device and storage medium for estimating gender based on teeth.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a method of tooth-based gender inference, comprising the steps of:
obtaining a CBCT image of a target sample tooth;
measuring three-dimensional information of the tooth according to the CBCT image;
carrying out difference and correlation test on the three-dimensional information of the teeth and the real gender to obtain correlation parameters with gender difference and correlation with gender;
and establishing a gender identification model according to the correlation parameters, and combining the gender identification model according to the known target object data set to deduce the gender of the target sample.
The invention further improves the following steps:
the acquiring of the CBCT image of the target sample tooth comprises:
a cone beam X-ray computed tomography system is adopted to shoot a CBCT image of a target sample, a tooth three-dimensional shape image in a DICOM format is obtained, and the accurate actual sex of the target sample is recorded.
The target sample is 11 to 60 years old persons to be collected, every 10 years old persons are taken as a segment, the total number of the segments is 5, the number of persons in each segment is equal, and the proportion of men and women is equal.
The three-dimensional information of the tooth is measured according to the CBCT image, and the method comprises the following steps:
the tooth CBCT image of the target sample is segmented in the sagittal direction, the complete tooth form is synthesized after the tooth appearance is segmented, the tooth volume is calculated, and meanwhile, the record is carried out; the segmentation is once every 0.4 mm.
The three-dimensional information of the tooth measured according to the CBCT image is measured by using 3D Slicer software; the three-dimensional information of the measured teeth comprises tooth volumes of four tooth positions including upper and lower jaw cuspids and first molar teeth on any side.
The correlation parameters comprise independent data and combined data;
the independent data respectively comprise maxillary canine tooth data sets U3Mandibular cuspid data set L3Upper jaw first molar data set U6And a mandibular first molar data set L6；
The combined data is a maxillary canine tooth data set U3+ mandibular cuspid data set L3+ maxillary first molar data set U6+ mandibular first molar data set L6A collection of (a).
The establishing of the gender identification model based on the correlation parameters comprises the following steps:
dividing the whole data set of the correlation parameters into a 9:1 ratioTraining set and testing set; a maxillary canine data set U in the training set3Mandibular cuspid data set L3Upper jaw first molar data set U6And a mandibular first molar data set L6Inputting the data into SPSS 18.0 software, performing linear regression analysis to obtain coefficient A, B, C, D and intercept E in the equation, and obtaining the data when the data set U of the maxillary canine tooth of the target object3Mandibular cuspid data set L3Upper jaw first molar data set U6And mandibular first molar data set L6When all the above are known, the corresponding sex identification model is as follows:
Y＝A×U3+B×L3+C×U6+D×L6+E
wherein Y is export sex.
The invention discloses a gender inference system based on teeth, which comprises:
the image acquisition module is used for acquiring a CBCT image of the target sample tooth;
the three-dimensional information measuring module is used for measuring the three-dimensional information of the tooth according to the CBCT image;
the correlation parameter calculation module is used for carrying out difference and correlation test on the three-dimensional information of the teeth and the real gender to obtain correlation parameters with gender difference and correlation with the gender;
and the model establishing module is used for establishing a gender identification model according to the correlation parameters.
A tooth-based gender inference device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps of the method as described above when executing the computer program.
A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method as described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts data measurement based on CBCT, and can obtain more tooth three-dimensional information. The tooth volume is used as an identification object, the three-dimensional shape information of the whole tooth is segmented, the influence of information such as adjacent teeth is reduced to a certain extent, and the identification accuracy is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of tooth-based gender inference according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a tooth-based gender inference system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of tooth volume measurement in 3D Slicer software.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inner", etc. are used for indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings or the orientation or positional relationship which is usually arranged when the product of the present invention is used, the description is merely for convenience and simplicity, and the indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the term "horizontal", if present, does not mean that the component is required to be absolutely horizontal, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be further noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a gender inference method based on teeth, comprising the following steps:
step S1, obtaining a CBCT image of the target sample tooth; a cone beam X-ray computed tomography system is adopted to shoot a CBCT image of a target sample, a tooth three-dimensional shape image in a DICOM format is obtained, and the accurate actual sex of the target sample is recorded. The target sample is 11 to 60 years old persons to be collected, every 10 years old persons are taken as a segment, the total number of the segments is 5, the number of persons in each segment is equal, and the proportion of men and women is equal.
Step S2, measuring the three-dimensional information of the tooth according to the CBCT image; the tooth CBCT image of the target sample is segmented in the sagittal direction, the complete tooth form is synthesized after the tooth appearance is segmented, the tooth volume is calculated, and meanwhile, the record is carried out; the segmentation is once every 0.4 mm. Measuring three-dimensional information of the teeth by using 3D Slicer software; the three-dimensional information of the measured teeth comprises tooth volumes of four tooth positions including upper and lower jaw cuspids and first molar teeth on any side.
Step S3, using IBM SPSS 18.0(
Statics, Armonk, NY) software for data analysis and equation fitting; carrying out difference and correlation test on the three-dimensional information of the teeth and the real gender to obtain correlation parameters with gender difference and correlation with gender; the correlation parameters comprise independent data and combined data;
the independent data respectively comprise maxillary canine tooth data sets U3Mandibular cuspid data set L3Upper jaw first molar data set U6And a mandibular first molar data set L6；
The combined data is a maxillary canine tooth data set U3+ mandibular cuspid data set L3+ maxillary first molar data set U6+ mandibular first molar data set L6A collection of (a).
And step S4, establishing a gender identification model according to the correlation parameters.
Dividing the whole data set of the correlation parameters into a training set and a testing set according to the ratio of 9: 1; a maxillary canine data set U in the training set3Mandibular cuspid data set L3Upper jaw first molar data set U6And a mandibular first molar data set L6Inputting the data into SPSS 18.0 software, performing linear regression analysis to obtain coefficient A, B, C, D and intercept E in the equation, and obtaining the data when the data set U of the maxillary canine tooth of the target object3Mandibular cuspid data set L3Upper jaw first molar data set U6And mandibular first molar data set L6When all the above are known, the corresponding sex identification model is as follows:
Y＝A×U3+B×L3+C×U6+D×L6+E
wherein Y is export sex.
And substituting the tooth volume information of the target population into a gender identification equation, and taking an integer absolute value to obtain a gender predicted value.
Examples
As shown in fig. 2, 352 CBCTs of 11-60 years old people in northwest china are collected in the embodiment, all data are samples of 11-60 years old, each 10 years old is taken as a segment, 5 segments are provided, the number of people in each segment is basically equal, and the proportion of men and women is equal. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, obtaining a CBCT image of a target sample
And (3) shooting CBCT by adopting a cone beam X-ray computed tomography system, obtaining a tooth three-dimensional form image in a DICOM format, and recording the accurate actual sex of the target object. Sample screening criteria: the tooth crown and the tooth root have no abnormal shape; the shape of the dental crown is complete, and the tooth to be researched has no decayed tooth; the tooth number is complete, and no deciduous tooth residue exists; crowding of teeth in the arch does not affect the measurement; there is no history of severe maxillofacial surgery trauma, deformity or systemic disease.
Step two, measuring data
The CBCT file was imported into 3D Slicer software (version 4.11.20210226, usa) for volume measurement (see fig. 3). The target tooth image is manually segmented in the sagittal direction (once every 0.4 mm), after a rough tooth appearance is separated, a complete tooth form is synthesized by software, and the software automatically calculates the volume and records the volume at the same time. Measuring tooth volumes of four tooth positions including upper and lower jaw canine teeth on any side and a first molar tooth, wherein U3 represents the upper jaw canine teeth; l3 represents mandibular cuspid teeth; u6 represents the maxillary first molar; l6 represents the mandibular first molar.
Pre-experiment 20 samples (male: female: 1) were randomly taken, and two oral doctors performed measurement records according to the above method, wherein one oral doctor performed measurement twice after 2 weeks, and the obtained data were subjected to consistency test (p <0.05, ICC test >0.95) and then subjected to official measurement.
Step three, selecting sex equation parameters
After the formal measurement is finished, all experimental measurement results and the real gender are subjected to difference and correlation test, so that data with gender difference and correlation with the gender are obtained, and the data are used as parameters of a gender identification equation. Wherein the data for inclusion equation establishment includes: independent data U3, L3, U6, L6; the data are combined U3+ L3+ U6+ L6.
Step four, establishing a sex identification equation
In order to establish a gender identification equation, firstly, on the aspect of experimental data, an integral data set is divided into a training set and a testing set according to the ratio of 9:1, and the specific grouping is shown in table 1. Defining male as '1' and female as '2', inputting the training set data into SPSS 18.0 software, and performing linear regression analysis to obtain coefficients A, B, C, D and intercept E in the equation, thereby obtaining an identification equation (inputting a volume value and outputting a sex prediction value).
TABLE 1 sex identification equation training set and test set grouping
| Training collective population | Test collection number | Total up to | |
| For male | 160 | 17 | 177 |
| Woman | 158 | 17 | 175 |
| Total up to | 318 | 34 | 352 |
Step five, result evaluation
In order to evaluate the sex identification performance of the equation, the trained equation is tested on a test set, the obtained equation is brought into the test set to carry out equation to obtain a sex predicted value, an integer absolute value is obtained after subtraction of the sex predicted value and a sex true value, if the integer absolute value is equal to 0, judgment is correct, if the integer absolute value is not equal to 0, judgment is wrong, and correct sample numbers are counted, so that the sex identification accuracy of the equation can be obtained. The results of the predictions on the different volume parameters are shown in table 2. As can be seen from the table, the optimal tooth position corresponding to the target object is U3; the optimal tooth position combination corresponding to the target object is U3+ L3+ U6+ L6.
TABLE 2 sex determination equation determination accuracy
As shown in fig. 2, the embodiment of the present invention further discloses a system for estimating gender based on teeth, comprising:
the image acquisition module is used for acquiring a CBCT image of the target sample tooth;
the three-dimensional information measuring module is used for measuring the three-dimensional information of the tooth according to the CBCT image;
the correlation parameter calculation module is used for carrying out difference and correlation test on the three-dimensional information of the teeth and the real gender to obtain correlation parameters with gender difference and correlation with the gender;
and the model establishing module is used for establishing a gender identification model according to the correlation parameters.
A schematic diagram of a tooth-based gender inference device is provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The tooth-based gender inference apparatus of this embodiment includes: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. The processor realizes the steps of the above-mentioned method embodiments when executing the computer program. Alternatively, the processor implements the functions of the modules/units in the above device embodiments when executing the computer program.
The computer program may be partitioned into one or more modules/units that are stored in the memory and executed by the processor to implement the invention.
The tooth-based gender inference device can be a computing device such as a desktop computer, a notebook, a palm top computer, and a cloud server. The tooth-based gender inference device may include, but is not limited to, a processor, a memory.
The Processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), other general purpose Processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, discrete Gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, etc.
The memory may be used to store the computer programs and/or modules, and the processor may implement the various functions of the tooth-based gender inference device by running or executing the computer programs and/or modules stored in the memory, as well as invoking data stored in the memory.
The module/unit integrated with the tooth-based gender inference apparatus may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium if it is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product. Based on such understanding, all or part of the flow of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention may also be implemented by a computer program, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method embodiments may be implemented. Wherein the computer program comprises computer program code, which may be in the form of source code, object code, an executable file or some intermediate form, etc. The computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, usb disk, removable hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer Memory, Read-Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), electrical carrier wave signals, telecommunications signals, software distribution medium, and the like. It should be noted that the computer readable medium may contain content that is subject to appropriate increase or decrease as required by legislation and patent practice in jurisdictions, for example, in some jurisdictions, computer readable media does not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunications signals as is required by legislation and patent practice.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for tooth-based gender inference, comprising the steps of:
obtaining a CBCT image of a target sample tooth;
measuring three-dimensional information of the tooth according to the CBCT image;
carrying out difference and correlation test on the three-dimensional information of the teeth and the real gender to obtain correlation parameters with gender difference and correlation with gender;
and establishing a gender identification model according to the correlation parameters, and combining the gender identification model according to the known target object data set to deduce the gender of the target sample.
2. A method for tooth-based gender inference as claimed in claim 1, wherein said obtaining CBCT images of target sample teeth comprises:
a cone beam X-ray computed tomography system is adopted to shoot a CBCT image of a target sample, a tooth three-dimensional shape image in a DICOM format is obtained, and the accurate actual sex of the target sample is recorded.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the target sample is a subject to be collected from the age of 11 to 60 years, the target sample is divided into 5 segments each of 10 years, the number of persons in each segment is equal, and the proportion of male and female is equal.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein measuring three-dimensional information of the tooth from the CBCT image comprises:
the tooth CBCT image of the target sample is segmented in the sagittal direction, the complete tooth form is synthesized after the tooth appearance is segmented, the tooth volume is calculated, and meanwhile, the record is carried out; the segmentation is once every 0.4 mm.
5. A tooth-based gender inference method according to claim 4, wherein said measuring three-dimensional information of teeth from CBCT images is performed using 3D Slicer software; the three-dimensional information of the measured teeth comprises tooth volumes of four tooth positions including upper and lower jaw cuspids and first molar teeth on any side.
6. A method of tooth-based gender inference, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said correlation parameters include independent data and combined data;
the independent data respectively comprise maxillary canine tooth data sets U3Mandibular cuspid data set L3Upper jaw first molar data set U6And a mandibular first molar data set L6；
The combined data is a maxillary canine tooth data set U3+ mandibular cuspid data set L3+ maxillary first molar data set U6+ mandibular first molar data set L6A collection of (a).
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the establishing a gender identification model based on the correlation parameters comprises:
dividing the whole data set of the correlation parameters into a training set and a testing set according to the ratio of 9: 1; a maxillary canine data set U in the training set3Mandibular cuspid data set L3Upper jaw first molar data set U6And a mandibular first molar data set L6Inputting the data into SPSS 18.0 software, performing linear regression analysis to obtain coefficient A, B, C, D and intercept E in the equation, and obtaining the data when the data set U of the maxillary canine tooth of the target object3Mandibular cuspid data set L3Upper jaw first molar data set U6And mandibular first molar data set L6When all the above are known, the corresponding sex identification model is as follows:
Y＝A×U3+B×L3+C×U6+D×L6+E
wherein Y is export sex.
8. A tooth-based gender inference system, comprising:
the image acquisition module is used for acquiring a CBCT image of the target sample tooth;
the three-dimensional information measuring module is used for measuring the three-dimensional information of the tooth according to the CBCT image;
the correlation parameter calculation module is used for carrying out difference and correlation test on the three-dimensional information of the teeth and the real gender to obtain correlation parameters with gender difference and correlation with the gender;
and the model establishing module is used for establishing a gender identification model according to the correlation parameters.
9. A tooth-based gender inference device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor when executing the computer program implements the steps of the method of any of claims 1-7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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