CN114339220A - Image data coding method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an image data coding method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring each coding unit of image data to be coded; performing frequency domain conversion on each coding unit to obtain a coding matrix of each coding unit; respectively determining the texture characteristics of each coding unit according to the coding matrix; respectively determining the candidate partition modes of each coding unit according to the texture characteristics; for each coding unit, sequentially traversing the candidate partition modes corresponding to the coding units, and determining the partition mode corresponding to each coding unit; the image data coding method provided by the invention can determine the texture characteristics of the coding unit through the coding matrix corresponding to the coding unit, and limit the division mode of the coding unit according to the texture characteristics of the coding unit, thereby reducing the traversal times of the division mode and shortening the time of coding the image data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of multimedia, and particularly relates to an image data coding method.
Background
Currently, the mainstream video coding protocol standards in the world are H.264, H.265/HEVC and H.266/VVC, the mainstream audio and video coding protocol standards in China are AV1, AVS2 and AVS3, the H.266/VVC is a new generation of video coding protocol standard which is formulated in the world, the AVS3 is a new generation of audio and video coding protocol standard which is formulated in the country, and the new generation of audio and video coding standard is greatly improved in the aspect of video compression performance.
However, the improvement of compression performance is usually at the cost of higher time complexity, the partition mode of an image block is determined in the audio and video coding process of the AVS3, all the partition modes need to be traversed, the rate distortion cost (RD cost) corresponding to each partition mode is calculated, and the optimal partition mode of the image block can be determined after comparing the rate distortion costs, so that the AVS3 video coding has higher time complexity.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the present invention provides an image data encoding method to solve the problems in the prior art.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides an image data encoding method, including: acquiring each coding unit of image data to be coded; performing frequency domain conversion on each coding unit to obtain a coding matrix of each coding unit; respectively determining the texture characteristics of each coding unit according to the coding matrix; respectively determining the candidate partition modes of each coding unit according to the texture characteristics; for each coding unit, sequentially traversing the candidate partition modes corresponding to the coding units, and determining the partition mode corresponding to each coding unit; and coding the image data to be coded by combining the dividing mode of each coding unit to obtain a coding result.
Optionally, in the image data encoding method provided by the present invention, determining texture features of the encoding units according to the encoding matrices respectively includes: determining a transverse element array and a longitudinal element array in the coding matrix; and determining the texture characteristics of the coding unit according to the ratio of the absolute value sum of each element in the transverse element array to the absolute value sum of each element in the longitudinal element array.
Optionally, in the image data encoding method provided by the present invention, the texture features include horizontal textures, and the determining the candidate partition modes of the encoding unit according to the texture features includes: and if the texture features are horizontal textures, determining non-division, horizontal expansion quad-tree division and horizontal binary tree division as candidate division modes of the coding unit.
Optionally, in the image data encoding method provided by the present invention, the texture features include vertical textures, and the determining the candidate partition modes of the encoding unit according to the texture features includes: and if the texture features are vertical textures, determining non-division, vertical extended quadtree division and vertical binary tree division as candidate division modes of the coding unit.
Optionally, in the image data encoding method provided by the present invention, after the step of acquiring the encoding unit of the image to be encoded, and before the step of performing frequency domain conversion on the encoding unit, the method further includes: determining coding unit information; and determining the size of the coding unit according to the coding unit information, and if the size of the coding unit is equal to a first preset value, performing the step of frequency domain conversion on the coding unit.
Optionally, in the image data encoding method provided by the present invention, the method further includes: if the size of the coding unit is larger than or smaller than a first preset value, determining non-division, quad-tree division, horizontal expansion quad-tree division, vertical expansion quad-tree division, horizontal binary tree division and vertical binary tree division as candidate division modes of the coding unit; and executing the candidate division modes corresponding to the traversal coding units, and determining the division mode corresponding to each coding unit.
Optionally, in the image data encoding method provided by the present invention, after the step of performing frequency domain conversion on the encoding unit to obtain the encoding matrix of the encoding unit, and before the step of determining the texture feature of the encoding unit according to the encoding matrix, the method further includes: extracting a complexity coefficient matrix according to the coding matrix; and if the sum of the absolute values of all the elements in the complexity coefficient matrix is smaller than a second preset value, executing the step of determining the texture characteristics of the coding unit by the coding matrix.
Optionally, in the image data encoding method provided by the present invention, the method further includes: if the sum of the absolute values of all elements in the complexity coefficient matrix is greater than or equal to a second preset value, determining non-division, quadtree division, horizontal expansion quadtree division, vertical expansion quadtree division, horizontal binary tree division and vertical binary tree division as candidate division modes of the coding unit; and executing the step of sequentially traversing the candidate division modes corresponding to the coding units and determining the division mode corresponding to each coding unit.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for execution by a processor of an image data encoding method as provided by the present invention.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executable by the at least one processor to perform the image data encoding method as provided by the present invention.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the image data coding method provided by the invention has the advantages that each coding unit of the image data to be coded is obtained, the coding matrix of each coding unit is obtained by carrying out frequency domain conversion on the coding units, the texture characteristics of each coding unit are determined through the coding matrix, the division mode of each coding unit is limited according to the texture characteristics of each coding unit, the number of the division modes of each coding unit is reduced, the final division mode is determined for each coding unit according to the limited division mode, the traversal times of the division modes are reduced, and the time for coding the image data is further shortened.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an example of an image data encoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for encoding image data according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an image data encoding apparatus according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a computer device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words "comprise", "comprising", and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is, what is meant is "including, but not limited to".
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an image data encoding method, as shown in fig. 1, the method including:
step S1: and acquiring each coding unit of the image data to be coded.
In an optional embodiment, in the process of encoding image data to be encoded by using a standard audio video coding protocol (AVS3), the image data to be encoded is divided into a plurality of coding tree units (LCUs or CTUs) which are not overlapped with each other, and then the coding tree units are recursively divided to obtain a plurality of Coding Units (CUs).
Step S2: and performing frequency domain conversion on each coding unit to obtain a coding matrix of each coding unit.
In an alternative embodiment, each coding unit is frequency-domain converted using discrete cosine transform, resulting in a coding matrix corresponding to each coding unit.
The discrete cosine transform has orthogonal transformation property, the base vector of the transformation matrix is similar to the characteristic vector of the Toeplitz matrix, the relevant characteristic of the image signal can be embodied, in the determined transformation matrix orthogonal transformation of the image signal transformation, the discrete cosine transform is quasi-optimal transformation, and the conversion efficiency of the image signal can be improved by executing the discrete cosine transform.
Step S3: and respectively determining the texture characteristics of each coding unit according to each coding matrix.
The texture features include texture directions, which include horizontal and vertical directions.
Step S4: and respectively determining the candidate partition modes of the coding units according to the texture characteristics.
In an alternative embodiment, if the texture direction is the horizontal direction, the horizontal division is favored, and if the texture direction is the vertical direction, the vertical division is favored.
In an optional embodiment, the standard audio/video coding protocol provides six modes for dividing coding units, specifically: the method comprises the following steps of non-division, quadtree division, horizontal expansion quadtree division, vertical expansion quadtree division, horizontal binary tree division and vertical binary tree division, wherein in the encoding process of an encoding unit through a standard audio and video encoding protocol, six division modes need to be traversed, and the final division mode is determined by comparing rate distortion under each mode.
If the texture feature of one coding unit is horizontal texture, determining three partitioning modes of non-partitioning, horizontal extended quadtree partitioning and horizontal binary tree partitioning as candidate partitioning modes of the coding unit; and if the texture feature of one coding unit is vertical texture, determining three partition modes of non-partition, vertical extended quadtree partition and vertical binary tree partition as candidate partition modes of the coding unit.
By executing the step, six division modes provided by the original standard audio and video coding protocol are preliminarily screened according to the texture characteristics of the coding unit, the traversal times of the division modes of the coding unit are reduced, and the complexity of the coding time of the image data to be coded is reduced.
Step S5: and for each coding unit, sequentially traversing the candidate partition modes corresponding to the coding units and determining the partition mode corresponding to each coding unit.
In an optional embodiment, the determined candidate partition modes are traversed, rate distortion values under each partition mode are calculated, the rate distortion values under each partition mode are compared, and the partition mode with the smallest corresponding rate distortion value is determined as the partition mode of the encoding unit.
Step S6: and coding the image data to be coded by combining the dividing mode of each coding unit to obtain a coding result.
In an optional embodiment, an encoding part in a standard audio/video encoding protocol is used, and the image data to be encoded is encoded by combining the dividing mode of each encoding unit.
In the embodiment of the invention, the coding matrix of each coding unit is obtained by performing frequency domain conversion on the coding units, the texture features of each coding unit are determined through the coding matrix, the division mode of each coding unit is limited according to the texture features of each coding unit, the number of the division modes of each coding unit is reduced, the final division mode is determined for each coding unit according to the limited division mode, the traversal times of the division modes are reduced, and the time for coding image data is further shortened.
In an alternative embodiment, the determining the texture features of the coding units according to the coding matrix respectively includes:
first, a horizontal element array and a vertical element array in the coding matrix are determined.
In an alternative embodiment, values at different positions in the coding matrix correspond to energy values at different frequencies, the array of elements in the coding matrix belonging to the same row may reflect the horizontal texture of the coding unit, and the array of elements in the coding matrix belonging to the same column may reflect the vertical texture of the coding unit, and for example, the elements at three positions (1, 0), (2, 0), (3, 0) in the coding matrix may be determined as the horizontal array of elements, and the elements at three positions (0, 1), (0, 2), (0, 3) in the coding matrix may be determined as the vertical array of elements.
And then, determining the texture characteristics of the coding unit according to the ratio of the absolute value sum of each element in the transverse element array to the absolute value sum of each element in the longitudinal element array.
In an optional embodiment, a ratio of the absolute value sum of each element of the horizontal element array to the absolute value sum of each element of the vertical element array in one coding matrix is calculated, a horizontal threshold and a vertical threshold are set, the horizontal threshold and the vertical threshold can be set according to the requirement of an example, and if the ratio is greater than the horizontal threshold, the image texture of the coding unit corresponding to the coding matrix is determined to be a horizontal texture.
And if the ratio is smaller than the longitudinal threshold, determining the image texture of the coding unit corresponding to the coding matrix as the vertical texture.
If the ratio is greater than or equal to the horizontal threshold and less than or equal to the vertical threshold, the non-partition, the quadtree partition, the horizontally extended quadtree partition, the vertically extended quadtree partition, the horizontally binary tree partition, and the vertically binary tree partition are determined as the partition candidates of the coding unit, and the above step S5 is performed, for example, the horizontal threshold may be set to 5, and the vertical threshold may be set to 3.
In an alternative embodiment, after the step S1 and before the step S2, the method further includes:
first, coding unit information is determined.
In an optional embodiment, the coding tree unit information includes coding unit information, and in a process of coding the image data by using a standard audio/video protocol, the coding tree unit information may be acquired, and the coding unit information may be determined by using the coding tree unit information.
Then, the size of the coding unit is determined according to the coding unit information, and if the size of the coding unit is equal to the first preset value, the above step S2 is performed.
In an alternative embodiment, the first preset value may be set according to actual requirements, for example, the first preset value may be set to 64 × 64, the coding unit information includes a size of the coding unit, and if the size of the coding unit is equal to 64 × 64, the step S2 is executed.
If the size of the coding unit is greater than or less than 64 × 64, the non-partition, the quadtree partition, the horizontally extended quadtree partition, the vertically extended quadtree partition, the horizontally binary tree partition, and the vertically binary tree partition are determined as candidate partition modes of the coding unit, and the above step S5 is performed.
In an alternative embodiment, after the step S2 and before the step S3, the method further includes:
first, a complexity coefficient matrix is extracted from the coding matrix.
In an optional embodiment, the number of rows and columns of the coding matrix is consistent with the size of the coding unit corresponding to the coding matrix, if the size of one coding unit is 64 × 64, the coding matrix corresponding to the coding unit is a matrix whose rows and columns are all 64, and experiments verify that in the 64 × 64 coding matrix, (1, 1) is taken as the uppermost left corner, and (8, 8) is taken as the lowermost right corner, and 64 elements in total form an 8 × 8 matrix, and the 8 × 8 matrix can reflect the image complexity of the coding unit and determine the 8 × 8 matrix as a complexity coefficient matrix.
Then, if the sum of the absolute values of the elements in the complexity coefficient matrix is smaller than the second preset value, the step S3 is executed.
In an alternative embodiment, the second preset value is set according to actual requirements, for example, the second preset value may be set to 1, and the step S3 is executed if the sum of the absolute values of the elements in the complexity coefficient matrix is less than 1.
If the sum of the absolute values of the elements in the complexity coefficient matrix is greater than or equal to 1, determining the non-partition, the quadtree partition, the horizontally-expanded quadtree partition, the vertically-expanded quadtree partition, the horizontally-binary-tree partition, and the vertically-binary-tree partition as candidate partition modes of the coding unit, and executing the step S5.
In an optional embodiment, the image data encoding method provided by the embodiment of the invention is applied to the AVS3 standard official reference software HPM6.0, conforms to the AVS3 encoding specification, and can encode and decode video data in different formats.
In an alternative embodiment, an image data encoding method is provided, and a specific flow is shown in fig. 2, where the method includes the steps of:
(1) for details of obtaining information of a Coding Unit (CU) in a coding tree unit (LCU), which includes size information of the coding unit, reference is made to the description of step S1 in the above embodiment, and details are not repeated here.
(2) And (3) judging whether the size of the coding unit is 64 multiplied by 64, if so, executing the step (3), otherwise, dividing the coding unit by using a dividing part in a standard audio and video coding protocol, and executing the step (7).
(3) The Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is performed on the coding unit to obtain a DCT coefficient corresponding to the coding unit, and for details, reference is made to the description of the coding matrix in the above embodiment, which is not described herein again.
(4) Judging the complexity of the coding unit, wherein the step of judging the complexity of the coding unit refers to the description in the above embodiment, which is not described herein again, and if the complexity of the coding unit is judged to be simple, the step (5) is executed; and (5) if the complexity of the coding unit is judged to be complex, dividing the coding unit by using a dividing part in a standard audio and video coding protocol, and executing the step (7) after the division is finished.
(5) Judging whether the coding unit meets the horizontal and vertical stripe characteristics, wherein the detailed content refers to the description of the step of determining the texture characteristics of the coding unit in the embodiment, which is not described herein any more, if the texture characteristics of the coding unit can be determined, the coding unit meets the horizontal and vertical stripe characteristics, and then the step (6) is executed; and (4) if the texture features of the coding unit cannot be determined, the coding unit cannot meet the horizontal and vertical texture features, the coding unit is divided by using a dividing part in a standard audio and video coding protocol, and the step (7) is executed after the division is finished.
(6) The specific mode decision is performed according to the horizontal and vertical stripe characteristics of the encoding unit, the specific mode is traversed to determine the final partitioning mode, and for details of determining the final partitioning mode according to the horizontal and vertical stripe characteristics, reference is made to the description of step S4 and step S5 in the above embodiment, and details are not repeated here.
(7) Judging whether coding units still exist in the coding tree unit and do not obtain the final division mode, if so, returning to the step (1) for processing; and if all the coding units in the coding tree unit obtain the final division mode, coding the image data to be coded by using a coding part in a standard audio and video coding protocol and combining the final division mode.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an image data encoding apparatus, as shown in fig. 3, the apparatus including:
the information obtaining module 31 is configured to obtain each encoding unit of the image data to be encoded, for details, refer to the description of step S1 in the foregoing embodiment, and details are not repeated here.
The converting module 32 is configured to perform frequency domain conversion on each coding unit to obtain a coding matrix of each coding unit, for details, refer to the description of step S2 in the foregoing embodiment, and are not described herein again.
The texture determining module 33 is configured to determine texture features of each coding unit according to the coding matrix, for details, refer to the description of step S3 in the foregoing embodiment, and are not described herein again.
The candidate determining module 34 is configured to determine the candidate partition modes of the coding units according to the texture features, for details, refer to the description of step S4 in the foregoing embodiment, and are not described herein again.
The partition determining module 35 is configured to sequentially traverse the candidate partition manners corresponding to the coding units for each coding unit, and determine the partition manner corresponding to each coding unit, for details, refer to the description of step S5 in the foregoing embodiment, which is not described herein again.
The encoding module 36 is configured to encode the image data to be encoded by combining the dividing manner of each encoding unit to obtain an encoding result, and for details, refer to the description of step S6 in the foregoing embodiment, which is not described herein again.
For specific limitations and advantageous effects of an image data encoding apparatus, reference may be made to the above limitations of the image data encoding method, which are not described herein again. The respective modules in the image data encoding apparatus described above may be wholly or partially implemented by software, hardware, and a combination thereof. The modules can be embedded in a hardware form or independent of a processor in the electronic device, or can be stored in a memory in the electronic device in a software form, so that the processor can call and execute operations corresponding to the modules.
Embodiments of the present invention further provide a non-transitory computer storage medium, where the computer storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, and the computer-executable instructions may execute the image data encoding method in any of the above method embodiments. The storage medium may be a magnetic Disk, an optical Disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Flash Memory (Flash Memory), a Hard Disk (Hard Disk Drive, abbreviated as HDD), a Solid State Drive (SSD), or the like; the storage medium may also comprise a combination of memories of the kind described above.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, as shown in fig. 4, the computer device may include at least one processor 41, at least one communication interface 42, at least one communication bus 43, and at least one memory 44, where the communication interface 42 may include a Display screen (Display) and a Keyboard (Keyboard), and the optional communication interface 42 may also include a standard wired interface and a standard wireless interface. The Memory 44 may be a high-speed RAM Memory (volatile Random Access Memory) or a non-volatile Memory (non-volatile Memory), such as at least one disk Memory. The memory 44 may alternatively be at least one memory device located remotely from the aforementioned processor 41. An application program is stored in the memory 44 and the processor 41 invokes the program code stored in the memory 44 for performing the steps of any of the inventive embodiments described above.
The communication bus 43 may be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, or the like. The communication bus 43 may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is shown in FIG. 4, but this does not indicate only one bus or one type of bus.
The memory 44 may include a volatile memory (RAM), such as a random-access memory (RAM); the memory may also include a non-volatile memory (english: non-volatile memory), such as a flash memory (english: flash memory), a hard disk (english: hard disk drive, abbreviated: HDD) or a solid-state drive (english: SSD); the memory 34 may also comprise a combination of the above-mentioned kinds of memories.
The processor 41 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), or a combination of CPU and NP.
The processor 41 may further include a hardware chip. The hardware chip may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), or a combination thereof. The PLD may be a Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a General Array Logic (GAL), or any combination thereof.
Optionally, the memory 44 is also used to store program instructions. Processor 41 may invoke program instructions to implement the image data encoding method as shown in the embodiment of fig. 1 of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An image data encoding method, comprising:
acquiring each coding unit of image data to be coded;
performing frequency domain conversion on each coding unit to obtain a coding matrix of each coding unit;
respectively determining the texture characteristics of each coding unit according to the coding matrix;
respectively determining the candidate partition mode of each coding unit according to the texture features;
for each coding unit, sequentially traversing the candidate partition modes corresponding to the coding units, and determining the partition mode corresponding to each coding unit;
and coding the image data to be coded by combining the dividing mode of each coding unit to obtain a coding result.
2. The image data encoding method according to claim 1, wherein determining texture features of the encoding units respectively according to the encoding matrices comprises:
determining a transverse element array and a longitudinal element array in the coding matrix;
and determining the texture features of the coding unit according to the ratio of the absolute value sum of each element in the transverse element array to the absolute value sum of each element in the longitudinal element array.
3. The image data encoding method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the texture feature includes a horizontal texture, and the determining the candidate partition modes of the encoding unit according to the texture feature includes:
and if the texture features are horizontal textures, determining non-division, horizontal expansion quad-tree division and horizontal binary tree division as candidate division modes of the coding unit.
4. The image data encoding method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the texture feature includes a vertical texture, and the determining the candidate partition modes of the encoding unit according to the texture feature includes:
and if the texture features are vertical textures, determining non-partition, vertical extended quadtree partition and vertical binary tree partition as candidate partition modes of the coding unit.
5. The image data encoding method according to claim 1, wherein after the step of acquiring the encoding unit of the image to be encoded and before the step of frequency domain converting the encoding unit, further comprising:
determining coding unit information;
and determining the size of the coding unit according to the coding unit information, and if the size of the coding unit is equal to a first preset value, performing frequency domain conversion on the coding unit.
6. The image data encoding method according to claim 5, further comprising:
if the size of the coding unit is greater than or less than a first preset value,
determining non-division, quadtree division, horizontal extended quadtree division, vertical extended quadtree division, horizontal binary tree division and vertical binary tree division as candidate division modes of the coding unit;
and traversing the candidate division modes corresponding to the coding units and determining the division mode corresponding to each coding unit.
7. The image data encoding method according to claim 1, wherein after the step of performing frequency domain conversion on the encoding unit to obtain the encoding matrix of the encoding unit and before the step of determining the texture feature of the encoding unit based on the encoding matrix, the method further comprises:
extracting a complexity coefficient matrix according to the coding matrix;
and if the sum of the absolute values of all the elements in the complexity coefficient matrix is smaller than a second preset value, executing the step of determining the texture characteristics of the coding unit by the coding matrix.
8. The image data encoding method according to claim 7, further comprising:
if the sum of the absolute values of the elements in the complexity coefficient matrix is greater than or equal to a second preset value,
determining non-division, quadtree division, horizontal extended quadtree division, vertical extended quadtree division, horizontal binary tree division and vertical binary tree division as candidate division modes of the coding unit;
and executing the step of sequentially traversing the candidate division modes corresponding to the coding units and determining the division mode corresponding to each coding unit.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the image data encoding method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A computer device, comprising: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to perform the image data encoding method of any of claims 1-8.
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