CN114337601A - Ultra-wideband microwave signal generator - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband microwave signal generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN114337601A CN114337601A CN202210248520.9A CN202210248520A CN114337601A CN 114337601 A CN114337601 A CN 114337601A CN 202210248520 A CN202210248520 A CN 202210248520A CN 114337601 A CN114337601 A CN 114337601A
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an ultra wide band microwave signal generator, including the electricity attenuator, the gain module, directional coupler and feedback loop, technical scheme uses feedback loop to carry out gain adjustment and the processing of error amplification to feedback signal, make the direct current control signal who finally feeds back to the electricity attenuator can carry out accurate regulation to the proportion multiple of signal attenuation, promote the power dynamic adjustment ability to radio frequency input signal in the gain adjustment process by a wide margin, thereby solve in the ALC in the past because of the limited problem of the power dynamic adjustment scope that brings of detection scope of power detector, obviously increase ALC circuit output power's dynamic adjustment scope, improve ultra wide band microwave signal generator's product market competitiveness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency microwave circuits, in particular to an ultra-wideband microwave signal generator.
Background
In the field of modern signal measurement, a signal generator needs to have high power accuracy and dynamic range, and in order to realize the power accuracy index of the signal generator, amplitude stabilization control needs to be performed on an output signal of the signal generator, namely an automatic level control circuit (ALC) is established to realize a high-precision power control amplitude stabilization loop based on a power feedback mechanism. In general, ALC cooperates with a programmable step attenuator to realize large dynamic range and high precision power control, and in a radio frequency microwave signal generator, ALC is the core of power control and determines the power accuracy, power flatness and power resolution of output.
In the patent document (CN 201810869667.3), a double-coupling double-mixing if signal power feedback circuit is disclosed, an important component constituting the power feedback circuit is a power detector, which is a device for detecting some useful information in a fluctuation signal and used for identifying the existence or change of waves, oscillations, signals, and the like, the output signal level of the power detector has a certain proportional relation with the power of the rf input signal, and the output signal level of the power detector and the error signal of a reference level pass through an error amplifier and then control a linear modulator to correct the level of the rf output signal. There are limitations to this type of power feedback loop, and the amplitude modulation dynamic range is limited by the level power detector and associated circuitry, which is typically much lower than the power variable range of a linear modulator. In addition, stray signals of 2-4G +/-54 Mhz can be generated in the scheme, the stray signals are coupled to a radio frequency output port to form near-end stray, and the stray signals cannot be filtered by a filter due to the fact that the frequency of the stray signals is close to that of radio frequency output signals; in addition, the circuit is too complex, resulting in high application cost and no economic benefit of commercialization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problems that: how to increase the dynamic adjustment range of the power output of the automatic level control circuit in the signal generator.
In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides an ultra-wideband microwave signal generator, comprising: the electrically-tuned attenuator is used for receiving a radio frequency input signal and attenuating the radio frequency input signal to a preset proportion multiple to obtain an attenuated signal; the gain module is connected with the electrically-tuned attenuator and used for performing gain amplification on the attenuation signal to obtain a gain signal; the directional coupler is connected with the gain module and used for distributing power of the gain signal according to a preset proportion, directly connecting a part of power to obtain a radio frequency output signal, and coupling the other part of power to obtain a feedback signal; the feedback loop is connected with the directional coupler and the electrically-tuned attenuator and is used for performing gain adjustment on the feedback signal, performing power detection on the signal after gain adjustment, and performing error amplification on the signal after power detection and a reference signal to obtain a direct-current control signal; the direct current control signal is used for feeding back to the electrically-adjusted attenuator so as to adjust the proportion multiple of signal attenuation in the electrically-adjusted attenuator.
The feedback loop comprises a feedback gain control module, a power detector and an error amplifier; the feedback gain control module is connected with the directional coupler and used for carrying out gain adjustment on the feedback signal to obtain an initial control signal; the power detector is connected with the feedback gain control module and used for converting the power of the initial control signal into a direct-current level signal; the error amplifier is connected with the power detector and used for carrying out error amplification on the direct current level signal and the reference signal to obtain the direct current control signal.
The feedback gain control module comprises an attenuator; the attenuator is used for carrying out gain adjustment on the feedback signal in a signal attenuation mode to obtain an initial control signal.
The feedback gain control module comprises an amplifier and an attenuator which are connected in series; the amplifier is used for carrying out gain adjustment on the feedback signal in a signal amplification mode to obtain an amplified signal; the attenuator is used for carrying out gain adjustment on the amplified signal in a signal attenuation mode to obtain the initial control signal.
The ultra-wideband microwave signal generator also comprises a reference signal generating module; the reference signal generating module is connected with the error amplifier and used for generating the reference signal and transmitting the reference signal to the error amplifier.
The ultra-wideband microwave signal generator also comprises a controller; the controller is connected with the reference signal generating module and used for sending a control instruction to the reference signal generating module so as to adjust the voltage of the reference signal generated by the reference signal generating module; the controller adjusts the voltage of the reference signal through the control instruction, the error amplifier amplifies errors of the direct current level signal and the reference signal, the obtained direct current control signal is used for adjusting the proportion multiple of the signal attenuation of the electrically-adjustable attenuator, and then the output power of the radio frequency output signal is controlled by adjusting the proportion multiple of the signal attenuation of the electrically-adjustable attenuator.
The electrically-adjustable attenuator is provided with an input end, an output end and a control end; the electrically-tuned attenuator receives the radio frequency input signal and the direct current control signal through an input end and a control end respectively, and outputs an attenuation signal obtained after signal attenuation through an output end; the directional coupler is provided with an input end, a straight-through end and a coupling end, receives the gain signal through the input end, and respectively outputs the radio frequency output signal and the feedback signal obtained after power distribution is carried out on the gain signal through the straight-through end and the coupling end.
Setting the power of the radio frequency input signal received by the input end of the electrically-tuned attenuator to be PinSetting the attenuation of the electrically-tuned attenuator to the radio-frequency input signal from the input end to the output end as GoAnd setting a pass-through gain of the directional coupler from an input end to a pass-through end for the gain signal to G ″2Then the output power of the RF output signal is represented as Pin+G0´+G2。
The radio frequency output signal output by the directional coupler has a preset power dynamic regulation range relative to the radio frequency input signal received by the electrically-regulated attenuator; for the feedback gain control module and the power detector, the feedback gain control moduleThe gain adjustment range is set to G4Setting the power detection range of the power detector to be P1Then the dynamic power adjustment range is represented as P1+G4。
For the electrically-adjustable attenuator, setting the attenuation adjusting range of the electrically-adjustable attenuator to G0Then satisfy G0Greater than P1+G4。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the ultra-wideband microwave signal generator provided in the above embodiment includes an electrically tunable attenuator, a gain module, a directional coupler, and a feedback loop, where the electrically tunable attenuator is configured to receive a radio frequency input signal and attenuate the radio frequency input signal to a preset multiple of a proportion to obtain an attenuated signal; the gain module is used for gain amplification on the attenuation signal to obtain a gain signal; the directional coupler is used for distributing power of the gain signal according to a preset proportion, directly connecting a part of power to obtain a radio frequency output signal, and coupling the other part of power to obtain a feedback signal; the feedback loop is used for carrying out gain adjustment on the feedback signal and carrying out power detection on the signal after gain adjustment, the signal after power detection and a reference signal are subjected to error amplification to obtain a direct current control signal, and the direct current control signal is used for being fed back to the electrically-controlled attenuator to adjust the proportion multiple of signal attenuation in the electrically-controlled attenuator. According to the technical scheme, the feedback signal is subjected to gain adjustment and error amplification by using the feedback loop, so that the direct-current control signal finally fed back to the electrically-tuned attenuator can accurately adjust the proportional multiple of signal attenuation, the power dynamic adjustment capability of the radio-frequency input signal in the gain adjustment process is greatly improved, the problem of narrow power dynamic adjustment range caused by the limited detection range of a power detector in the conventional ALC is solved, the dynamic adjustment range of the output power of the ALC circuit is obviously increased, and the product market competitiveness of the ultra-wideband microwave signal generator is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an ultra-wideband microwave signal generator according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of testing maximum output power generated by an ultra-wideband microwave signal generator;
fig. 3 is a flow chart for testing the minimum output power generated by the ultra-wideband microwave signal generator.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. Wherein like elements in different embodiments are numbered with like associated elements. In the following description, numerous details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. However, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that some of the features may be omitted or replaced with other elements, materials, methods in different instances. In some instances, certain operations related to the present application have not been shown or described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the core of the present application from excessive description, and it is not necessary for those skilled in the art to describe these operations in detail, so that they may be fully understood from the description in the specification and the general knowledge in the art.
Furthermore, the features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification may be combined in any suitable manner to form various embodiments. Also, the various steps or actions in the method descriptions may be transposed or transposed in order, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, the various sequences in the specification and drawings are for the purpose of describing certain embodiments only and are not intended to imply a required sequence unless otherwise indicated where such sequence must be followed.
The numbering of the components as such, e.g., "first", "second", etc., is used herein only to distinguish the objects as described, and does not have any sequential or technical meaning. The term "connected" and "coupled" when used in this application, unless otherwise indicated, includes both direct and indirect connections (couplings).
The microwave signal is an electromagnetic wave signal with a frequency within 300MHz to 300GHz, and the microwave frequency is higher than the frequency of a common radio wave, and is also commonly called as an ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic wave. Radio frequency signals are radio waves which are modulated and have a certain transmission frequency, and high frequency electromagnetic waves with long-distance transmission capability are generally called radio frequency. The bandwidth refers to a frequency range occupied by various frequency components contained in a signal, and is a relative description, and the higher the bandwidth contained in the signal or capable of being simultaneously processed by a processor, the higher the amount of data capable of being transmitted is.
For a simple structure of the radio frequency microwave signal generator, a radio frequency input signal can pass through an electrically-tuned attenuator and a gain module, then the power of part of an output signal (namely a feedback signal) is fed back to a power detector through a directional coupler, the power detector converts the feedback signal into an analog voltage, and the analog voltage and a preset reference voltage V are used for converting the analog voltage into a voltagerefAnd performing difference operation, and controlling the gain of the electrically-adjusted attenuator by using the difference voltage to form a whole power-controlled closed-loop system. Because the dynamic range of the output signal of an automatic level control circuit (ALC) constructed by a closed-loop system is limited by the detection range of a power detector, the dynamic range of the output amplitude regulation of a microwave signal generator is very easy to be small. The purpose of the present application is to overcome the defects of the prior art, and to provide a microwave signal generator with adjustable feedback power based on a directional coupler, so as to solve the problem of narrow dynamic power adjustment range caused by the limited detection range of the detector power detector in the conventional ALC.
Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present application, an ultra-wideband microwave signal generator 1 is disclosed, which mainly includes an electrically tunable attenuator 11, a gain module 12, a directional coupler 13, and a feedback loop 14, which are described below.
The electrically-tuned attenuator 11 is used for receiving a radio frequency input signal and attenuating the radio frequency input signal to a preset multiple of proportion to obtain an attenuated signal. The electrical modulation attenuator 11 is a current control device whose principle is based on the characteristic that the junction resistance of a PIN diode changes with the change of current applied thereto, and therefore its structure is mainly formed by cascading sampling PIN diodes.
It should be noted that the electrically adjustable attenuator 11 adopts an analog control mode, and the analog control mode means that the attenuation of the electrically adjustable attenuator changes with the control current, so that the control is convenient, but certain requirements are imposed on the peripheral circuit. In this application, the analog control mode that electrically tunable attenuator 11 adopted can simplify circuit structure and be convenient for control, and, the purpose of using electrically tunable attenuator 11 is to attenuate the power of radio frequency input signal to certain proportional multiple, reaches safe or ideal level value, makes things convenient for test work.
The gain module 12 is connected to the electrically tunable attenuator 11, and is configured to gain and amplify the attenuation signal generated by the electrically tunable attenuator 11 to obtain a gain signal. Here, the gain block 12 may be regarded as a middle portion of a radio frequency link in an ALC loop in the ultra-wideband microwave signal generator, and may also be regarded as a generic term of a gain component and a frequency conversion component, such as a switch, a resistor, a capacitor, and the like, which may attenuate transmission power of a signal, so that a gain of the attenuated signal varies.
The directional coupler 13 is connected to the gain module 12, and configured to perform power distribution on the gain signal generated by the gain module 12 according to a preset ratio, direct-pass a part of the power to obtain a radio frequency output signal, and couple another part of the power to obtain a feedback signal.
It should be noted that the directional coupler 13 is a general microwave/millimeter wave component, and it essentially distributes power of microwave signals according to a certain proportion, and can be used for signal isolation, separation and mixing. The directional coupler 13 may be formed by a coaxial line, a rectangular waveguide, a circular waveguide, a strip line and a microstrip line, for example, by placing two transmission lines close enough to each other so that power on one of the straight lines can be coupled to the other coupling line, and it is required that power is transmitted only to a certain output port in the coupling line, and no power is output from the other port. The directional coupler 13, which is an important component of many microwave circuits, is widely used in modern electronic systems, and can be used to provide sampling power for temperature compensation and amplitude control circuits, and to perform power distribution and synthesis over a wide frequency range, and generally, the directional coupler 13 includes a pass-through parameter, a coupling parameter, an isolation parameter, a reflection parameter, and the like.
The feedback loop 14 is connected with the directional coupler 13 and the electrically-tuned attenuator 11 for useThe feedback signal generated by the directional coupler 13 is gain-adjusted, and the gain-adjusted signal is power-detected, and the power-detected signal is compared with a reference signal (V)ref) And carrying out error amplification to obtain a direct current control signal. The obtained direct current control signal is used for being fed back to the electrically adjustable attenuator 11 so as to adjust the proportion multiple of signal attenuation in the electrically adjustable attenuator 11.
It can be understood that, in the embodiments, the feedback power adjustable automatic level control circuit based on the directional coupler is mainly provided, and the purpose is to solve the problem that the dynamic range of the power of the ALC loop is too small due to the insufficient detection range of the power detector in the ALC loop in the past.
In one embodiment, the electrically tunable attenuator 11 in fig. 1 has an input end, an output end, and a control end, so that the electrically tunable attenuator 11 receives an externally incoming radio frequency input signal through the input end, receives a direct current control signal generated by the feedback loop 14 through the control end, and outputs an attenuated signal obtained by attenuating the signal through the output end.
In one embodiment, the directional coupler 13 in fig. 1 has an input terminal, a through terminal and a coupling terminal, and then the directional coupler 13 receives the gain signal generated by the gain module 12 through the input terminal and outputs a radio frequency output signal and a feedback signal obtained by performing power distribution on the gain signal through the through terminal and the coupling terminal, respectively.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the feedback loop 14 includes a feedback-enabled gain control module 141, a power detector 142, and an error amplifier 143, each described below.
The feedback gain control module 141 is connected to the directional coupler 13, and the feedback gain control module 141 is configured to perform gain adjustment on a feedback signal generated by the directional coupler 13 to obtain an initial control signal. It is understood that the feedback gain control module 141 may perform gain adjustment on the feedback signal by signal amplification or signal attenuation, and is not limited herein.
The power detector 142 is connected to the feedback gain control module 141, and the power detector 142 is used for converting the power of the initial control signal generated by the feedback gain control module 141 into a dc level signal. The power detector 142 is a device that detects some useful information in the fluctuating signal (e.g., the initial control signal) and can be used to identify the power of the wave, oscillation, or signal presence or change, and thereby extract the power information carried. Here, the power detector 142 is used for converting the power of the initial control signal into a dc level signal, and a specific transfer function relationship is presented between the two signals; since the detection range of the power detector 142 is smaller than the attenuation adjustment range of the electrically tunable attenuator 11, it is difficult to meet the power dynamic requirement (close to linear or logarithmic function relationship) of the rf microwave signal generator, so the power detector 142 needs to be used in cooperation with the feedback gain control module 141.
The error amplifier 143 is connected to the power detector 142, and the error amplifier 143 is configured to perform error amplification on the dc level signal and the reference signal to obtain a dc control signal. The obtained direct current control signal is transmitted to the electrically-adjusted attenuator. The error amplifier 143 may be a general amplifier except that it inputs a signal one of which is a given reference signal and the other of which is a dc level signal generated from the power detector 142. The error amplifier 143 is one of the important devices of the ALC loop, and has a decisive effect on the feedback response speed, the larger the dc gain of the loop is, the better the load regulation rate is, the larger the phase margin is, the more stable the system is, the larger the bandwidth is, the faster the response speed of the system is, but the dc gain, the phase margin and the bandwidth have a close mutual constraint relationship, and need to be reasonably selected according to the actual needs.
The feedback gain control module 141 is an ultra-wideband microwave signal adjustable gain module, and may be a combination of an amplifier and an attenuator, or a separate configuration of an attenuator.
In one particular embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the feedback gain control module 141 includes an amplifier 1411 and an attenuator 1412 connected in series. The amplifier 1411 may be a general amplifier, and is configured to perform gain adjustment on the feedback signal generated by the directional coupler 13 in a signal amplification manner to obtain an amplified signal; the attenuator 1412 may adopt a general attenuator, and is configured to perform gain adjustment on the amplified signal generated by the amplifier 1411 in a signal attenuation manner, so as to obtain an initial control signal. It should be noted that the amplifier 1411 has a fixed gain, and the attenuator 1412 can be a digitally controlled attenuator, such as a digitally controlled attenuator with fixed step controlled by a digital interface, for example, a digitally controlled attenuator with total attenuation of 31.5dB, 0.5dB step, and 5bit wide band.
It should be noted that the numerical control attenuator can be a fixed attenuator with several groups of different attenuation amounts integrated inside, and which attenuators are controlled to be switched in through a number; the smallest step of the digitally controlled attenuator is the smallest of the fixed attenuators, e.g., a plurality of fixed attenuators with steps of 0.5db, 1db, 2db, 4db, 8db, 16db, the smallest step being 0.5db, and the largest attenuation being the sum of all values, i.e., 31.5 db. In fig. 1, the attenuator 1412 is connected to the controller 16 by a signal, and is controlled by the controller 16, so that the attenuation of the attenuator 1412 can be flexibly arranged.
In another embodiment, the feedback gain control module 141 may only include the attenuator 1412, that is, the attenuator 1412 directly performs a gain adjustment in a signal attenuation manner on the feedback signal generated by the directional coupler 13, thereby generating the initial control signal.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the ultra-wideband microwave signal generator 1 further comprises a reference signal generation module 15. The reference signal generating module 15 is connected to the error amplifier 143, and the reference signal generating module 15 is configured to generate a reference signal and transmit the reference signal to the error amplifier 143.
Further, referring to fig. 1, the ultra-wideband microwave signal generator 1 further comprises a controller 16. The controller 16 is connected to the reference signal generating module 15, and configured to send a control instruction to the reference signal generating module 15, and adjust the voltage of the reference signal generated by the reference signal generating module 15 according to the control instruction.
It should be noted that the controller 16 may be a control circuit having a knob or a touch pad, and a control instruction may be generated by manual operation, so that the controller 16 may adjust the voltage of the reference signal through the control instruction, then the error amplifier 143 performs error amplification on the dc level signal and the reference signal, adjusts the proportional multiple of the signal attenuation of the electrically tunable attenuator 11 by using the obtained dc control signal, and further controls the output power of the radio frequency output signal by adjusting the proportional multiple of the signal attenuation of the electrically tunable attenuator.
Referring to fig. 1, the controller 16 may be operated manually to send a control instruction to the reference signal generating module 15, the reference signal generating module 15 may generate a reference signal corresponding to the control instruction, the dc control signal generated by the error amplifier 143 may be changed by adjusting the reference signal, and since the dc control signal participates in the adjustment of the signal attenuation ratio multiple of the electrically adjustable attenuator 11, the attenuation amount of the electrically adjustable attenuator 11 on the radio frequency input signal is changed, thereby affecting the output power of the radio frequency output signal generated by the directional coupler 13.
The structure of the ultra-wideband microwave signal generator 1 and the functions of the various components involved have been described above on the basis of fig. 1, and the control principle of the ultra-wideband microwave signal generator will be explained in detail below with reference to the structure illustrated in fig. 1.
In the embodiment of fig. 1, a feedback gain control module 141 is mainly added to the coupling end of the directional coupler 13 to increase the power dynamic adjustment range of the ALC loop, and in order to clearly illustrate the power dynamic adjustment range of the ALC loop, parameters of each component in the ultra-wideband microwave signal generator 1 are defined herein. For example, the power of the RF input signal is set to PinSetting the power of the RF output signal to PoutThe attenuation adjusting range of the electrically-adjustable attenuator is G0=[G0_min，G0_max]Setting the gain of gain block 12 to G1The through gain of the directional coupler 13 from the input side to the through side is set to G2Setting the coupling gain of the directional coupler 13 from the input terminal to the coupling terminal to G3The gain adjustment range of the feedback gain control module 141 is set to G4=[G4_min，G4_max]The power detection range of the power detector 142 is set to P1= [ P = [ P ]1_min，P1_max](ii) a Wherein, the [ alpha ], [ beta ] -a]Indicated by the closed interval, subscript minIs a minimum value and the subscript max indicates a maximum value.
In the first case, it is explained how to obtain the maximum output power of the ALC loop in the ultra-wideband microwave signal generator 1, and the process may include step 210 and step 240 in fig. 2.
In step 210, the gain of the feedback gain control module 141 is assumed to be the minimum value, i.e. G4_min。
Assuming that the adjustment reference voltage changes according to a first trend, for example, the controller 16 sends a control command to the reference signal generating module 15 to adjust the reference signal (V) with gradually decreasing voltage generated by the reference signal generating module 15 in step 220ref）。
In step 240, the gain change of the electrically-tuned attenuator 11 will affect the received radio frequency input signal, and the radio frequency output signal generated by the directional coupler 13 is affected step by the attenuation signal and the gain signal, so that the output power of the ALC loop (i.e. the power of the radio frequency output signal) is gradually increased until the power of the signal input to the power detector reaches the maximum value P of the power detector1_minWhen the ALC output power reaches the maximum value, the maximum output power is set to be Pout_max。
At this time, the ALC loop satisfies the following equation:
P1_max=Pin+G0´＋G3+G4_min；
Pout_max=Pin+G0'+G2；
then combining the two formulas to obtain Pout_max= P1_max- G3-G4_min +G2。
In the second case, it is described next how to obtain the minimum output power of the ALC loop in the ultra-wideband microwave signal generator 1, which may comprise step 310 and step 340 in fig. 3.
In step 310, assume that the gain of the feedback gain control module 141 is at a maximum value, i.e., G4_max。
In step 320, assuming that the adjustment reference voltage changes according to the second trend, for example, the controller 16 sends a control command to the reference signal generating module 15 to adjust the reference signal (V) with gradually increasing voltage generated by the reference signal generating module 15ref）。
In step 340, the gain change of the electrically-tuned attenuator 11 will affect the received rf input signal, and the rf output signal generated by the directional coupler 13 is affected step by the attenuation signal and the gain signal, so that the output power of the ALC loop (i.e. the power of the rf output signal) will gradually decrease until the power of the signal input to the power detector reaches the minimum value P of the power detector1_minWhen the ALC output power reaches the minimum value, the minimum output power is set to be Pout_min。
At this time, the ALC loop satisfies the following equation:
P1_min=Pin+G0´＋G3+G4_max；
Pout_min=Pin+G0´+G2；
then combining the two formulas to obtain Pout_min= P1_min- G3-G4_max+G2。
It will be appreciated that in combination with the first case described above, the maximum output power P of the ALC loop can be obtainedout_max= P1_max- G3-G4_min +G2In combination with the first case described above, the minimum output power P of the ALC loop is obtainedout_min= P1_min- G3-G4_max+G2. The power dynamic adjustment range of the ALC loop output may then be represented by the following equation:
Pout = Pout_max- Pout_min
= (P1_max - G3-G4_min+G2) – (P1_min - G3 - G4_max + G2)
= (P1_max - P1_min) + (G4_max - G4_min)
= P1 + G4。
it should be noted that, as can be seen from the above formula, the scheme is to make the power dynamic adjustable range of the ALC loop output become P by setting the feedback gain control block 141 in the feedback loop 141 + G4However, the lack of the feedback gain control module 414 in the conventional ALC loop results in the dynamic power adjustment range being only the power detection range P of the power detector1. In the embodiment of fig. 1, the feedback gain control module 141 adopts a combination structure of an amplifier and an attenuator, which can increase the gain of more than 30db, thereby well increasing the dynamic power adjustment range of the ALC loop and meeting the ultra-wideband requirement of the ultra-wideband microwave signal generator 1.
Note that the power dynamic adjustment range P is due to the ALC loopout = P1 + G4The final adjusting effect is achieved through the electrically adjustable attenuator 11, so that the attenuation adjusting range G of the electrically adjustable attenuator 110Should be greater than the power dynamic adjustment range of the ALC loop, i.e., greater than the power detection range P1 of the power detector 142 and the gain adjustment range G of the feedback gain control block 1414The sum of (1). Of course, in order to satisfy the attenuation adjusting range G of the electrically adjustable attenuator 110The structure of the electrically tunable attenuator 11 can be constructed in a diode cascade mode, so that the attenuation adjusting range of the electrically tunable attenuator 11 is greatly increased.
In one embodiment, according toAs can be understood from the above description of the principle, if the power of the RF input signal received by the input terminal of the electrically tunable attenuator 11 is set to PinThe attenuation of the electrically tunable attenuator 11 from the input end to the output end of the radio frequency input signal is set to GoAnd a through gain of the directional coupler 13 from the input terminal to the through terminal for the gain signal is set to G ″2The output power of the RF output signal can be expressed as Pin+G0´+G2。
In one embodiment, the radio frequency output signal output by the directional coupler 13 has a preset power dynamic adjustment range, i.e., the power dynamic adjustment range of the ALC loop, with respect to the radio frequency input signal received by the electrically-tuned attenuator 11. Then, for the feedback gain control module 141 and the power detector 142, if the gain adjustment range of the feedback gain control module 141 is set to G4The power detection range of the power detector 142 is set to P1The dynamic power adjustment range will be denoted as P1+G4. It can be understood that, for the electrically adjustable attenuator 11, if the attenuation adjustment range of the electrically adjustable attenuator 11 is set to G0Then G should be satisfied0Greater than P1+G4。
It should be noted that, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the dynamic power adjustment range of the ALC loop output is the core of the power adjustment of the ultra-wideband microwave signal generator 1, so the problem of the small dynamic power range of the ALC loop caused by the insufficient power detection range of the power detector 142 in the ALC loop is solved by adding the feedback gain control module 141 to the feedback loop 14, thereby the dynamic power adjustment range of the ALC loop is greatly expanded, and the original P is used as the power adjustment range of the ALC loop1Extension to P1+G4。
It should be noted that, in the above embodiment, the feedback loop 14 is used to perform gain adjustment and error amplification on the feedback signal, so that the dc control signal finally fed back to the electrically-tuned attenuator 11 can perform fine adjustment on the proportional multiple of signal attenuation, and the power dynamic adjustment capability of the radio frequency input signal in the gain adjustment process is also greatly improved, and thus, by this way, the problem of narrow power dynamic adjustment range caused by the limited detection range of the power detector in the conventional ALC can be solved, the dynamic adjustment range of the output power of the ALC circuit is obviously increased, and the product market competitiveness of the ultra-wideband microwave signal generator is improved.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the functions of the various methods in the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by computer programs. When all or part of the functions of the above embodiments are implemented by a computer program, the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the storage medium may include: a read only memory, a random access memory, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a hard disk, etc., and the program is executed by a computer to realize the above functions. For example, the program may be stored in a memory of the device, and when the program in the memory is executed by the processor, all or part of the functions described above may be implemented. In addition, when all or part of the functions in the above embodiments are implemented by a computer program, the program may be stored in a storage medium such as a server, another computer, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a flash disk, or a removable hard disk, and may be downloaded or copied to a memory of a local device, or may be version-updated in a system of the local device, and when the program in the memory is executed by a processor, all or part of the functions in the above embodiments may be implemented.
The present invention has been described in terms of specific examples, which are provided to aid understanding of the invention and are not intended to be limiting. For a person skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions, modifications or substitutions may be made according to the idea of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ultra-wideband microwave signal generator, comprising:
the electrically-tuned attenuator is used for receiving a radio frequency input signal and attenuating the radio frequency input signal to a preset proportion multiple to obtain an attenuated signal;
the gain module is connected with the electrically-tuned attenuator and used for performing gain amplification on the attenuation signal to obtain a gain signal;
the directional coupler is connected with the gain module and used for distributing power of the gain signal according to a preset proportion, directly connecting a part of power to obtain a radio frequency output signal, and coupling the other part of power to obtain a feedback signal;
the feedback loop is connected with the directional coupler and the electrically-tuned attenuator and is used for performing gain adjustment on the feedback signal, performing power detection on the signal after gain adjustment, and performing error amplification on the signal after power detection and a reference signal to obtain a direct-current control signal; the direct current control signal is used for feeding back to the electrically-adjusted attenuator so as to adjust the proportion multiple of signal attenuation in the electrically-adjusted attenuator.
2. The ultra-wideband microwave signal generator of claim 1, wherein the feedback loop comprises a feedback gain control module, a power detector, and an error amplifier;
the feedback gain control module is connected with the directional coupler and used for carrying out gain adjustment on the feedback signal to obtain an initial control signal;
the power detector is connected with the feedback gain control module and used for converting the power of the initial control signal into a direct-current level signal;
the error amplifier is connected with the power detector and used for carrying out error amplification on the direct current level signal and the reference signal to obtain the direct current control signal.
3. The ultra-wideband microwave signal generator of claim 2, wherein the feedback gain control module comprises an attenuator; the attenuator is used for carrying out gain adjustment on the feedback signal in a signal attenuation mode to obtain an initial control signal.
4. The ultra-wideband microwave signal generator of claim 2, wherein the feedback gain control module comprises an amplifier and an attenuator in series;
the amplifier is used for carrying out gain adjustment on the feedback signal in a signal amplification mode to obtain an amplified signal;
the attenuator is used for carrying out gain adjustment on the amplified signal in a signal attenuation mode to obtain the initial control signal.
5. The ultra-wideband microwave signal generator of claim 2, further comprising a reference signal generation module; the reference signal generating module is connected with the error amplifier and used for generating the reference signal and transmitting the reference signal to the error amplifier.
6. The ultra-wideband microwave signal generator of claim 5, further comprising a controller; the controller is connected with the reference signal generating module and used for sending a control instruction to the reference signal generating module so as to adjust the voltage of the reference signal generated by the reference signal generating module;
the controller adjusts the voltage of the reference signal through the control instruction, the error amplifier amplifies the error of the direct current level signal and the reference signal, and the obtained direct current control signal adjusts the proportion multiple of the signal attenuation of the electrically-adjustable attenuator so as to control the output power of the radio frequency output signal.
7. The ultra-wideband microwave signal generator of claim 6,
the electrically-adjustable attenuator is provided with an input end, an output end and a control end; the electrically-tuned attenuator receives the radio frequency input signal and the direct current control signal through an input end and a control end respectively, and outputs an attenuation signal obtained after signal attenuation through an output end;
the directional coupler is provided with an input end, a straight-through end and a coupling end, receives the gain signal through the input end, and respectively outputs the radio frequency output signal and the feedback signal obtained after power distribution is carried out on the gain signal through the straight-through end and the coupling end.
8. The ultra-wideband microwave signal generator of claim 7, wherein the power of the radio frequency input signal received at the input of the electrically tunable attenuator is set to PinSetting the attenuation of the electrically-tuned attenuator to the radio-frequency input signal from the input end to the output end as GoAnd setting a pass-through gain of the directional coupler from an input end to a pass-through end for the gain signal to G ″2Then the output power of the RF output signal is represented as Pin+G0´+G2。
9. The ultra-wideband microwave signal generator of claim 6, wherein the radio frequency output signal output by the directional coupler has a preset power dynamic adjustment range with respect to the radio frequency input signal received by the electrically tunable attenuator;
setting a gain adjustment range of the feedback gain control module to G for the feedback gain control module and the power detector4Setting the power detection range of the power detector to be P1Then the dynamic power adjustment range is represented as P1+G4。
10. The ultra-wideband microwave signal generator of claim 9, wherein for the electrically tunable attenuator, an attenuation adjustment range of the electrically tunable attenuator is set to G0Then satisfy G0Greater than P1+G4。
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