CN114336888B - Energy storage unit parallel operation control method, battery management system and battery energy storage system - Google Patents
Energy storage unit parallel operation control method, battery management system and battery energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses an energy storage unit parallel operation control method, a battery management system and a battery energy storage system, so as to avoid the formation of a larger circulation after the energy storage unit is integrated into the system. The method comprises the following steps: before the parallel operation of each energy storage unit, the open-circuit voltage of each energy storage unit is sampled, and one pair of energy storage units is selected from two schemes to control: in the scheme 1, the energy storage units are connected in parallel and charged one by one according to the sequence from low to high of the open-circuit voltage, and in the scheme 2, the energy storage units are connected in parallel and discharged one by one according to the sequence from high to low of the open-circuit voltage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery energy storage, in particular to an energy storage unit parallel operation control method, a battery management system and a battery energy storage system.
Background
In order to meet the capacity expansion requirement of the battery energy storage system, a certain number of energy storage units are connected in parallel to the system in the prior art. However, due to the different delivery capacity, delivery time and the like of the battery, the voltages of the energy storage units cannot be completely consistent, and when the pressure difference between the energy storage units is too large, various problems (such as large circulation between the energy storage units) can be caused after the energy storage units are simultaneously combined into a system (called parallel operation for short), so that the normal operation of the battery energy storage system is influenced, and even faults can be reported.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an energy storage unit parallel operation control method, a battery management system and a battery energy storage system to realize safe parallel operation of the energy storage units.
An energy storage unit parallel operation control method comprises the following steps:
sampling the open-circuit voltage of each energy storage unit before the parallel operation of each energy storage unit in the battery energy storage system;
and selecting one pair of energy storage units from two schemes to control: in the scheme 1, the energy storage units are connected in parallel and charged one by one according to the sequence from low to high of the open-circuit voltage, and in the scheme 2, the energy storage units are connected in parallel and discharged one by one according to the sequence from high to low of the open-circuit voltage.
Optionally, the selecting one pair of energy storage units from two schemes to control includes:
calculating the average value of all open circuit voltages;
counting the number M of the energy storage units with open-circuit voltage smaller than the average value 1 And the number M of energy storage units with open-circuit voltage greater than the average value 2 ；
If M 1 ＜M 2 The energy storage units are controlled by adopting the scheme 1;
if M 1 ＞M 2 The energy storage units are controlled by adopting the scheme 2;
if M 1 ＝M 2 And adopting the scheme 1 or the scheme 2 to control each energy storage unit.
Optionally, the scheme 1 specifically includes:
sequencing all the energy storage units according to the sequence from low open-circuit voltage to high open-circuit voltage, controlling the parallel operation of the energy storage units arranged at the 1 st position, and then requesting an energy storage converter in a battery energy storage system to enter a charging mode;
after the energy storage units arranged at the ith position are connected in parallel, when the pressure difference between the connected energy storage units and the energy storage units arranged at the (i+1) th position reaches the pressure difference allowable range, controlling the energy storage units arranged at the (i+1) th position to be connected in parallel, wherein i=1, 2, …, S-1 and S are the maximum arrangement.
Optionally, the scheme 2 specifically includes:
sequencing all energy storage units according to the sequence from high to low of open-circuit voltage, controlling the energy storage units arranged at the 1 st position to be connected in parallel, and then requesting the energy storage converter to enter a discharging mode;
after the energy storage units arranged at the ith position are connected in parallel, when the pressure difference between the connected energy storage units and the energy storage units arranged at the (i+1) th position reaches the pressure difference allowable range, controlling the energy storage units arranged at the (i+1) th position to be connected in parallel, wherein i=1, 2, …, S-1 and S are the maximum arrangement.
Optionally, the scheme 1 includes: the energy storage units are idle-load and parallel-machine and charge one by one according to the sequence from low open-circuit voltage to high open-circuit voltage;
the scheme 2 includes: and enabling all the energy storage units to be unloaded and connected in parallel and discharged one by one according to the sequence from high to low of the open-circuit voltage.
Optionally, the making each energy storage unit idle load and parallel to charge one by one according to the order of low to high open circuit voltage includes:
sequencing all the energy storage units according to the sequence from low open-circuit voltage to high open-circuit voltage, and controlling the parallel operation of the energy storage units arranged at the 1 st position;
after the energy storage units arranged at the ith position are connected in parallel, requesting the energy storage converter to enter a charging mode, when the pressure difference between the energy storage units connected in parallel and the energy storage units arranged at the (i+1) th position is larger than a first preset value, requesting the energy storage converter to stop charging, and when the pressure difference reaches a pressure difference allowable range, controlling the energy storage units connected in parallel at the (i+1) th position; where i=1, 2, …, S-1, S is the maximum rank.
Optionally, the making each energy storage unit idle load and parallel machine and discharge one by one according to the order of the open-circuit voltage from high to low includes:
sequencing all the energy storage units according to the sequence from high open-circuit voltage to low open-circuit voltage, and controlling the parallel operation of the energy storage units arranged at the 1 st position;
after the energy storage units arranged at the ith position are connected in parallel, requesting the energy storage converter to enter a discharging mode, when the pressure difference between the energy storage units arranged at the (i+1) th position and the connected energy storage units is larger than a first preset value, requesting the energy storage converter to stop discharging, and when the pressure difference reaches a pressure difference allowable range, controlling the energy storage units arranged at the (i+1) th position to be connected in parallel; where i=1, 2, …, S-1, S is the maximum rank.
Optionally, the parallel operation control method of the energy storage units is implemented by separately operating and cooperatively executing control units configured independently for each energy storage unit, wherein one control unit is used as a master machine, and the rest is a slave machine.
Optionally, one of the control units is selected randomly in advance as a host; after all the energy storage units are ordered according to the magnitude of the open-circuit voltage, the role of the host is transferred to the control unit corresponding to the energy storage unit arranged at the 1 st position.
Optionally, under either scheme 1 or scheme 2, the method further comprises:
before the parallel operation of the energy storage units arranged at the 1 st position, a pre-charging loop is opened to pre-charge the direct current bus capacitor of the energy storage converter, and the pre-charging loop is cut off after the pre-charging is completed.
Optionally, under either scheme 1 or scheme 2, the method further comprises: the precharge circuit takes power from the energy storage unit arranged in the 1 st bit.
Optionally, before and/or during the parallel operation of all the energy storage units in the battery energy storage system, the method further comprises:
and performing self-checking on each energy storage unit, removing the energy storage unit with faults, and controlling only the normal energy storage unit.
Optionally, when the sorting is performed under the scheme 1 or the scheme 2, the energy storage units with the open-circuit voltage difference not exceeding the allowable range of the voltage difference are regarded as a whole and then arranged in the same position, and the energy storage units arranged in the same position are simultaneously connected in parallel.
A battery management system configured in a battery energy storage system, wherein a program is stored on the battery management system, and when the program is executed by a processor, the program implements any of the energy storage unit parallel operation control methods disclosed above.
A battery energy storage system comprising an energy storage unit, an energy storage converter and any of the battery management systems as disclosed above.
According to the technical scheme, when the pressure difference between the energy storage units is overlarge, one pair of energy storage units is selected from the following two schemes to control the energy storage units: one is to make each energy storage unit parallel and charge one by one according to the order of the open-circuit voltage from low to high, and the other is to make each energy storage unit parallel and discharge one by one according to the order of the open-circuit voltage from high to low. The two schemes reduce the pressure difference between the energy storage units by charging/discharging the energy storage units, thereby being beneficial to realizing the safe parallel operation of the energy storage units.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art disclosed battery energy storage system;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a parallel operation control method of an energy storage unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of another method for controlling parallel operation of energy storage units according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of another method for controlling parallel operation of energy storage units according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for controlling a host from a boot mode to a self-test mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a control method for a host from a self-test mode to an operation mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method for controlling charge and discharge after a host enters an operation mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart of a control method for a slave from entering a self-checking mode to an operation mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses an energy storage unit parallel operation control method, which is used for realizing safe parallel operation of an energy storage unit and avoiding the formation of larger circulating current after the energy storage unit is integrated into a battery energy storage system.
The battery energy storage system stores electric energy by using a battery, and mainly comprises an energy storage unit, an energy storage converter and a BMS (Battery Management System ). In the battery energy storage system, N (N is more than or equal to 2) energy storage units are connected in parallel to a direct current bus, and a switching device is arranged on a main loop of each energy storage unit and used for switching on/off the connection between the energy storage unit and the direct current bus; the energy storage converter is used for controlling the charging and discharging processes of the energy storage unit integrated with the direct current bus; the BMS is used for improving the utilization rate of the battery, preventing the battery from being overcharged and overdischarged, prolonging the service life of the battery, monitoring the state of the battery and the like. The energy storage unit is integrated into a battery energy storage system, namely the energy storage unit is integrated into a direct current bus, and the energy storage unit is also called as an integrated machine.
The energy storage units are commonly known in the industry as battery clusters, each battery cluster is formed by connecting a plurality of battery packs in series, and each battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of single battery cells in series. Battery energy storage systems also typically provide a dc power distribution cabinet between the battery cluster and the energy storage converter, such as shown in fig. 1. BMS configured in a battery energy storage system can be divided into three levels of architecture: a bottom BMU (Battery Management Unit ), a middle CMU (Cluster Management Unit, battery cluster management unit), and an upper SMU (System Management Unit ); the BMU is configured in the battery pack and has the functions of sampling the voltage and the temperature of the battery core, passively balancing the battery core and the like; the CMU is configured in the battery cluster and has the functions of SOC calculation, communication with each BMU in the battery cluster, control on-off of a main power circuit of the battery cluster and the like; the SMU is configured in the direct current power distribution cabinet and has the functions of communicating with the energy storage converter controller and the CMU, controlling the on-off of a main power circuit in the direct current power distribution cabinet and the like. In some battery energy storage systems, the dc power distribution cabinet and SMU are sometimes omitted, where the CMU communicates directly with the energy storage converter controller.
The energy storage unit parallel operation control method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention is loaded into the BMS for execution. Referring to fig. 2, the energy storage unit parallel operation control method includes:
step S101: sampling the open-circuit voltage of each energy storage unit before the parallel operation of each energy storage unit in the battery energy storage system;
step S102: and selecting one pair of energy storage units from two schemes to control: in the scheme 1, the energy storage units are connected in parallel and charged one by one according to the sequence from low to high of the open-circuit voltage, and in the scheme 2, the energy storage units are connected in parallel and discharged one by one according to the sequence from high to low of the open-circuit voltage.
The two schemes reduce the pressure difference between the energy storage units by charging/discharging the energy storage units, and are beneficial to realizing safe parallel operation of the energy storage units, thereby solving the problems existing in the prior art.
Alternatively, the scheme shown in fig. 2 may specifically adopt the manner shown in fig. 3, including:
step S01: before the parallel operation of each energy storage unit in the battery energy storage system, the open-circuit voltage of each energy storage unit is sampled, and then the average value of all open-circuit voltages is calculated.
Step S02: counting the number M of the energy storage units with open-circuit voltage smaller than the average value 1 And the number M of energy storage units with open-circuit voltage greater than the average value 2 。
Step S03: will M 1 And M is as follows 2 Is relatively large and small, when M 1 ＜M 2 When the open circuit voltage is lower than the average value, the energy storage units are less than the energy storage units with the open circuit voltage higher than the average value, and the step S04 is performed; when M 1 ＞M 2 When the open circuit voltage is higher than the average value, the energy storage units are less than the energy storage units with the open circuit voltage lower than the average value, and the step S05 is performed; when M 1 ＝M 2 In the case of the step S04 or the step S05, only M is shown in FIG. 3 1 ＝M 2 Step S05 is taken as an example, but not limited thereto.
Specifically, assuming that in the case of a, there are three energy storage units in the battery energy storage system, the open circuit voltages thereof are 30V, 90V and 100V, respectively, the average value thereof is (30v+90v+100v)/3≡73V, m 1 ＝1，M 2 =2, less energy storage cells with a lower open circuit voltage than energy storage cells with a higher open circuit voltage. Assuming that in the B scenario, there are three energy storage units in the battery energy storage system, and the open circuit voltages are 30V, 50V and 100V, respectively, the average value is (30v+50v+100v)/3=60v, m 1 ＝2，M 2 =1, the energy storage cells with higher open circuit voltage are fewer than the energy storage cells with lower open circuit voltage.
Step S04: and enabling the energy storage units to be connected in parallel and charged one by one according to the sequence of low open-circuit voltage to finish the control of the current wheel.
Optionally, the step S04 specifically includes: all energy storage units are sequenced from low to high according to the sequence of open-circuit voltage, and then the following charge equalization strategy is adopted: the energy storage units arranged at the 1 st position are controlled to be connected in parallel, and then an energy storage converter in a battery energy storage system is requested to enter a charging mode; after the energy storage units arranged at the ith position are connected in parallel, when the pressure difference between the connected energy storage units and the energy storage units arranged at the (i+1) th position reaches the pressure difference allowable range, controlling the energy storage units arranged at the (i+1) th position to be connected in parallel, wherein i=1, 2, …, S-1 and S are the maximum arrangement.
The ideal allowable range of the pressure difference is 0V, and the pressure difference is slightly deviated from 0V in practical application, for example, the maximum allowable deviation is +/-2V.
Still to illustrate below, a scenario a in which the maximum rank s=3 is performed, the step S04 is performed, and: the energy storage unit with the open-circuit voltage of 30V is controlled to be connected in parallel, and then an energy storage converter in a battery energy storage system is requested to enter a charging mode to charge the connected energy storage unit; then the voltage at two ends of the one energy storage unit which is connected in parallel gradually charges up, and when the voltage is charged to be equal to or approximately equal to 90V, the energy storage unit with the open-circuit voltage of 90V is controlled to be connected in parallel; the voltage at two ends of the two energy storage units which are connected in parallel gradually charges up, and when the voltage is charged to be equal to or approximately equal to 100V, the energy storage units with the open-circuit voltage of 100V are controlled to be connected in parallel. Therefore, the voltage of all the energy storage units is basically consistent after the parallel operation, and no larger circulation current is generated.
Step S05: and enabling the energy storage units to be connected in parallel and discharged one by one according to the sequence from high to low of the open-circuit voltage, and ending the control of the current wheel.
Optionally, the step S05 specifically includes: all energy storage units are sequenced from high to low according to the sequence of open-circuit voltage, and then the following discharge equalization strategy is adopted: the energy storage units arranged at the 1 st position are controlled to be connected in parallel, and then the energy storage converter is requested to enter a discharging mode; after the energy storage units arranged at the ith position are connected in parallel, when the pressure difference between the connected energy storage units and the energy storage units arranged at the (i+1) th position reaches the pressure difference allowable range, controlling the energy storage units arranged at the (i+1) th position to be connected in parallel, wherein i=1, 2, …, S-1 and S are the maximum arrangement.
Still further, the B scenario is exemplified, in which the maximum rank s=3, and in which the step S05 is performed, there are: the energy storage unit with the open-circuit voltage of 100V is controlled to be connected in parallel, then the energy storage converter is requested to enter a discharging mode, and the connected energy storage unit is discharged; then the voltage at two ends of the one energy storage unit which is connected in parallel gradually decreases, and when the voltage decreases to be equal to or approximately equal to 50V, the energy storage unit with 50V open-circuit voltage is controlled to be connected in parallel; the voltage across the two energy storage units which are connected in parallel is gradually reduced, and when the voltage is reduced to be equal to or approximately equal to 30V, the energy storage units with the open-circuit voltage of 30V are controlled to be connected in parallel. Therefore, the voltage of all the energy storage units is basically consistent after the parallel operation, and no larger circulation current is generated.
The charge equalization scheme in the step S04 and the discharge equalization scheme in the step S05 can realize the voltage equalization of the energy storage unit and the safe parallel operation of the voltage of the energy storage unit, when M 1 ≠M 2 When the embodiment of the invention is based on M 1 And M 2 The size relation of the voltage balancing circuit is matched with a corresponding balancing scheme, so that voltage balancing is saved, namely parallel operation is realized, and the voltage balancing circuit is specifically described as follows: when the energy storage cells having an open circuit voltage lower than the average value are smaller than the energy storage cells having an open circuit voltage higher than the average value, the energy storage cells having an open circuit voltage lower than the highest open circuit voltage are charged one by one to be equal to or approximately equal to the highest open circuit voltage (see step S04), and the energy storage cells having an open circuit voltage higher than the lowest open circuit voltage are discharged one by one to be equal to or approximately equal to the lowest open circuit voltage (see step S05), for a shorter period of time; when the energy storage cells having an open circuit voltage higher than the average value are smaller than the energy storage cells having an open circuit voltage lower than the average value, the energy storage cells having an open circuit voltage higher than the lowest open circuit voltage are discharged one by one to be equal to or approximately equal to the lowest open circuit voltage (see step S05), and the energy storage cells having an open circuit voltage lower than the highest open circuit voltage are charged one by one to be equalAt or approximately equal to the highest open circuit voltage (see step S04), the time taken is shorter. In order to further save time, the energy storage units with substantially equal open circuit voltages (e.g., the open circuit voltage difference is not more than 2V) may be regarded as a whole and simultaneously connected in parallel.
When the scheme shown in fig. 2 or fig. 3 is loaded into the BMS to be executed, the scheme may be specifically executed by the control unit (e.g., CMU in fig. 1) configured independently for each energy storage unit in a split-work mode, where one control unit serves as a master, and the rest is slaves.
Optionally, one of the control units is selected randomly in advance as a host; after all the energy storage units are ordered according to the magnitude of the open-circuit voltage, the role of the host is transferred to the control unit corresponding to the energy storage unit arranged at the 1 st position. In the scheme shown in fig. 3, the division of work and cooperation modes are as follows:
one of the control units is selected as a master machine in advance randomly, and the rest are slaves; the master and slave are responsible for collecting the open-circuit voltage of the self energy storage unit;
the host is also responsible for acquiring the open-circuit voltages acquired by all the slaves, calculating the average value of the open-circuit voltages of all the energy storage units, and counting M 1 And M 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If M 1 ＜M 2 Sequencing all the energy storage units according to the sequence from low open-circuit voltage to high open-circuit voltage, and transferring the role of a host to a slave arranged in the 1 st energy storage unit; if M 1 ＞M 2 Sequencing all the energy storage units according to the sequence from high to low of open-circuit voltage, and transferring the role of a host to a slave arranged in the 1 st energy storage unit;
the new host computer transferred by the host computer role is responsible for controlling the own energy storage unit to be connected and sending corresponding requests to the energy storage converter controller (the time for sending the requests and the request content are described by referring to fig. 3); the slave machine is also responsible for controlling the own energy storage unit to be connected in parallel when detecting that the pressure difference between the energy storage unit connected in parallel and the own energy storage unit reaches the allowable pressure difference range.
In the division cooperation mode, the division of the work of the master machine and the slave machine is clear, the running load of the master machine and the slave machine is balanced in best effort, and the overall running efficiency of the BMS is higher. Of course, the parallel operation control method of the energy storage unit is not limited to the above-mentioned division of work cooperation mode when being loaded into the BMS for execution.
In addition, considering that in the schemes shown in fig. 2 to 3, except the energy storage units arranged at the 1 st position, all the remaining energy storage units are in parallel operation under load (i.e. the parallel operation is performed in the working state of the energy storage converter, and current exists on the direct current bus at this time), and the service life of the switching device configured on the main loop of the energy storage unit is damaged by the parallel operation under load, the following scheme of no-load parallel operation is further provided in the embodiment of the present invention, see fig. 4:
step S11: before the parallel operation of each energy storage unit in the battery energy storage system, the open-circuit voltage of each energy storage unit is sampled, and then the average value of all open-circuit voltages is calculated.
Step S12: counting the number M of the energy storage units with open-circuit voltage smaller than the average value 1 And the number M of energy storage units with open-circuit voltage greater than the average value 2 。
Step S13: will M 1 And M is as follows 2 Is relatively large and small, when M 1 ＜M 2 At that time, the process advances to step S14; when M 1 ＞M 2 At that time, step S15 is entered; when M 1 ＝M 2 In the case of the step S14 or the step S15, only M is shown in FIG. 4 1 ＝M 2 Step S15 is taken as an example, but not limited thereto.
Step S14: and enabling the energy storage units to be idle and parallel-connected and charged one by one according to the sequence from low open-circuit voltage to high, and ending the control of the current wheel.
Optionally, the step S14 specifically includes: all energy storage units are sequenced from low to high according to the sequence of open-circuit voltage, and then the following charge equalization strategy is adopted: the energy storage units arranged at the 1 st position are controlled to be connected in parallel; after the energy storage units arranged at the ith position are connected in parallel, requesting the energy storage converter to enter a charging mode, when the pressure difference between the energy storage units connected in parallel and the energy storage units arranged at the (i+1) th position is larger than a first preset value (for example, the pressure difference is larger than 5V), requesting the energy storage converter to stop charging, and when the pressure difference reaches a pressure difference allowable range, controlling the energy storage units connected in parallel at the (i+1) th position.
Still further, the example is described using the a scene, assuming that the first preset value is 5V, the step S14 is performed in the a scene, where: the energy storage unit with the open-circuit voltage of 30V is controlled to be connected in parallel, and then an energy storage converter in a battery energy storage system is requested to enter a charging mode to charge the connected energy storage unit; then the voltage at two ends of the energy storage unit which is connected in parallel is gradually increased, and when the voltage is increased to 95V, the energy storage converter is requested to stop charging; the voltage at two ends of the energy storage units which are connected in parallel after the energy storage converter stops charging can be gradually reduced, when the voltage is reduced to be equal to or approximately equal to 90V, the energy storage units with the open-circuit voltage of 90V are controlled to be connected in parallel, and no current exists in the direct current bus at the moment, so that no-load parallel operation is realized. Then, the energy storage converter is requested to enter a charging mode again, the voltage at two ends of the two energy storage units which are connected in parallel is gradually increased, and when the voltage is increased to 105V, the energy storage converter is requested to stop charging again; the voltage at two ends of the two energy storage units which are connected in parallel after the energy storage converter stops charging again is gradually reduced, when the voltage is reduced to be equal to or approximately equal to 100V, the energy storage units with the open-circuit voltage of 100V are controlled to be connected in parallel, and no current exists in the direct current bus at the moment, so that no-load parallel operation is realized.
Wherein, the value of the first preset value needs to be ensured: and in a period from the time when the energy storage converter stops charging to the time when the next energy storage unit to be connected is connected, the voltage at two ends of the connected energy storage unit is not reduced too low, and the pressure difference between the connected energy storage unit and the next energy storage unit to be connected exceeds the pressure difference allowable range. For example, the value of the first preset value may be determined according to the product of the voltage falling speed and time in a short time.
Step S15: and (3) enabling each energy storage unit to be idle-load and parallel-machine and discharge one by one according to the sequence from high to low of the open-circuit voltage, and ending the control of the current wheel.
Optionally, the step S15 specifically includes: all energy storage units are sequenced from high to low according to the sequence of open-circuit voltage, and then the following discharge equalization strategy is adopted: the energy storage units arranged at the 1 st position are controlled to be connected in parallel; after the energy storage units arranged at the ith position are connected in parallel, requesting the energy storage converter to enter a discharging mode, when the pressure difference between the energy storage units arranged at the (i+1) th position and the connected energy storage units is larger than a first preset value (for example, the pressure difference is larger than 5V), requesting the energy storage converter to stop discharging, and when the pressure difference reaches a pressure difference allowable range, controlling the energy storage units arranged at the (i+1) th position to be connected in parallel.
Still exemplified along with the B scenario, in which the step S15 is performed, there are: the energy storage unit with the open-circuit voltage of 100V is controlled to be connected in parallel, then the energy storage converter is requested to enter a discharging mode, and the connected energy storage unit is discharged; then the voltage at two ends of the energy storage unit which is connected in parallel gradually decreases, and when the voltage decreases to 45V, the energy storage converter is requested to stop discharging; after the energy storage converter stops discharging, the voltage at two ends of the energy storage unit which is connected in parallel gradually rises, when the voltage rises to be equal to or approximately equal to 50V, the energy storage unit with 50V open-circuit voltage is controlled to be connected in parallel, and no current exists in the direct current bus at the moment, so that no-load connection is realized. Then, requesting the energy storage converter to enter a discharging mode again, gradually reducing the voltage at two ends of the two energy storage units which are connected in parallel, and requesting the energy storage converter to stop discharging again when the voltage is reduced to 25V; the voltage at two ends of the two energy storage units which are connected in parallel after the energy storage converter stops charging again gradually rises, when the voltage rises to be equal to or approximately equal to 30V, the energy storage units with the open-circuit voltage of 30V are controlled to be connected in parallel, and no current exists in the direct current bus at the moment, so that no-load parallel operation is realized.
Wherein, the value of the first preset value needs to be ensured: and in a period from the time when the energy storage converter stops discharging to the time when the next energy storage unit to be connected is connected, the voltage at two ends of the connected energy storage unit cannot rise too high, and the pressure difference between the connected energy storage unit and the next energy storage unit to be connected exceeds the pressure difference allowable range. For example, the value of the first preset value may be determined according to the product of the voltage rising speed and time in a short time.
The scheme shown in fig. 4 can also be executed by the division cooperation of the control unit configured independently for each energy storage unit, at this time, the slave in the division cooperation mode corresponding to the scheme shown in fig. 3 is also responsible for controlling the own energy storage unit to be replaced by the slave when detecting that the pressure difference between the parallel-connected energy storage unit and the own energy storage unit reaches the pressure difference allowable range, and controlling the own energy storage unit to be connected when detecting that the pressure difference between the parallel-connected energy storage unit and the own energy storage unit reaches the pressure difference allowable range and no current exists on the direct current bus, and in addition, the time and the request content of the master for sending a request to the energy storage converter controller need to be adjusted based on the scheme shown in fig. 4.
Furthermore, based on any of the embodiments disclosed above, either under the scheme of charge equalization or discharge equalization, the method further comprises: before the parallel operation of the energy storage units arranged at the 1 st position, a pre-charging loop is opened to pre-charge the direct current bus capacitor of the energy storage converter, and the pre-charging loop is cut off after the pre-charging is completed. Therefore, the impact on the direct current bus capacitor caused by the parallel operation moment of the energy storage units arranged at the 1 st position when the direct current bus voltage is far lower than the voltage of the energy storage units arranged at the 1 st position is avoided.
Optionally, under the scheme of charge equalization or discharge equalization, the method further comprises: the precharge circuit takes power from the energy storage unit arranged in the 1 st bit.
Optionally, based on any embodiment disclosed above, before and/or during the parallel operation of each energy storage unit in the battery energy storage system, the method further includes: and performing self-checking on each energy storage unit, removing the energy storage unit with faults, and controlling only the normal energy storage unit.
The method comprises the following steps: the energy storage unit parallel operation control method further comprises the following steps: before the parallel operation of each energy storage unit in the battery energy storage system, the self-checking is carried out on each energy storage unit, the energy storage unit with faults does not participate in the calculation of the average value, the sequencing and the parallel operation (namely, the original standby or shutdown state is kept). Under each equalization strategy, further comprising: and carrying out self-checking on each energy storage unit, and when any energy storage unit fails, skipping the failed energy storage unit to continue to carry out an equalization strategy, wherein the failed energy storage unit is not allowed to be connected.
Under the above-mentioned scheme of master-slave division, the control flow from the boot mode to the self-checking mode of the host may be as shown in fig. 5, which includes:
step S21: after the battery energy storage system is started, judging whether the running time of the system is smaller than a threshold value (for example, 2 minutes) by randomly selected one host computer, if not, determining that all the host computers and the slave computers are powered on, entering step S28, and if yes, entering step S22;
step S22: judging whether the open-circuit voltages acquired by all the slaves are received, if yes, entering step S23; if not, returning to the step S21;
step S23: calculating the average value of the open circuit voltages of all the energy storage units, and entering step S24;
step S24: counting the number M of the energy storage units with open-circuit voltage smaller than the average value 1 And the number M of energy storage units with open-circuit voltage greater than the average value 2 ；
Step S25: judging whether or not M is satisfied 1 ＞M 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If yes, go to step S26; if not, go to step S27;
step S26: and transferring the host role to the control unit corresponding to the energy storage unit with the highest open-circuit voltage, and returning to the step S21.
Step S27: and transferring the host role to the control unit corresponding to the energy storage unit with the lowest open circuit voltage, and returning to the step S21.
Step S28: and entering a self-checking mode, and ending the control of the present wheel.
Under the above-mentioned scheme of master-slave division, the control flow from the self-checking mode to the running mode of the host may be as shown in fig. 6, which includes:
step S30: judging whether a shutdown command is received, if so, entering a step S31, and if not, entering a step S32;
step S31: and entering a shutdown mode, and ending the control of the present wheel.
Step S32: judging whether a first fault exists, if so, proceeding to step S31, otherwise, proceeding to step S33;
step S33: judging whether a starting command is received, if so, entering step S34; if not, go to step S35;
step S34: and entering a starting mode, and ending the control of the present wheel.
Step S35: judging whether the communication-free duration exceeds a preset duration (for example, 20 minutes), if so, entering step S34; if not, go to step S36;
step S36: judging whether a second fault exists, wherein the first fault is a fault level more serious than the second fault; if yes, go to step S37; if not, go to step S38
Step S37: and entering a fault mode, and ending the control of the present wheel. The difference between the fault mode and the shutdown mode is that the main circuit of the host is disconnected in the fault mode, but the control circuit, the communication circuit and the like are not powered off, and the main circuit, the control circuit, the communication circuit and the like of the host are powered off in the shutdown mode.
Step S38: judging whether an operation command is received, if so, entering step S39; if not, returning to the step S30;
step S39: whether the precharge is completed or not is judged, if yes, the process proceeds to step S40, and if not, the process proceeds to step S37.
Step S40: an operational mode is entered.
Under the above-mentioned scheme of master-slave machine division, the charge-discharge control flow after the host machine itself enters the operation mode may be as shown in fig. 7, which includes:
step S51: judging the open circuit voltage V of the host Host machine If the value is the maximum value, the process proceeds to step S52, and if the value is not the maximum value, the process proceeds to step S56;
step S52: calculating the maximum value Vmax of the open circuit voltage in the slave machine which is not in parallel, and then entering step S53;
step S53: the host requests the PCS of the energy storage converter to discharge, and then the step S54 is carried out;
step S54: judging Vmax-V Host machine If the current value is greater than the first preset value (for example, 5V), the step S55 is entered, and if not, the step S53 is returned;
step S55: requesting PCS to stop discharging until the control of the present wheel is finished;
step S56: judgment of V Host machine If the value is the minimum value, the step S57 is entered, if not, the control of the present round is ended;
step S57: calculating the maximum value of the open circuit voltage in the slave machine which is not connected, and then entering step S58;
step S58: the host requests PCS discharge, and then proceeds to step S59;
step S59: judgment of V Host machine -if Vmin is greater than said first preset value, if so, go to step S60, if not, return to step S58;
step S60: the PCS is requested to stop charging until this round of control ends.
Under the above-mentioned scheme of master-slave division, the control flow from the slave to the self-checking mode to the running mode may be as shown in fig. 8, which includes:
step S61: judging whether a shutdown command is received, if so, entering a step S62, and if not, entering a step S63;
step S62: entering a shutdown mode; this is the end of the present round of control.
Step S63: judging whether a first fault exists, if so, proceeding to step S62, otherwise, proceeding to step S64;
step S64: judging whether the host is in a starting state, if so, entering step S65; if not, go to step S66;
step S65: and entering a starting mode, and ending the control of the present wheel.
Step S66: judging whether a second fault exists, wherein the first fault is a fault level more serious than the second fault; if yes, go to step S67, if no, go to step S68;
step S67: and entering a fault mode, and ending the control of the present wheel. The fault mode is different from the shutdown mode in that the slave machine main circuit is disconnected in the fault mode, the control circuit, the communication circuit and the like are not powered off, and the slave machine main circuit, the control circuit, the communication circuit and the like are powered off in the shutdown mode.
Step S68: judging whether the host is in an operation mode, if so, entering step S69; if not, go to step S61;
step S69: judging whether the bus current of the system is zero, if so, entering step S70; if not, go to step S61;
step S70: judging whether the pressure difference between the parallel-connected energy storage unit and the own energy storage unit reaches the pressure difference allowable range, if so, entering step S71; if not, go to step S61;
step S71: judging whether the pre-charging of the direct current bus capacitor of the energy storage converter is finished or not, if yes, entering step S72; if not, go to step S73;
step S72: and entering an operation mode, and ending the control of the present wheel.
Step S73: delaying for a certain time, judging whether the delay time is up, if so, returning to the step S71; if not, the process proceeds to step S61.
Corresponding to the method embodiment, the embodiment of the invention also discloses a battery management system, wherein the battery management system is configured in a battery energy storage system, a program is stored on the battery management system, and the program is executed by a processor to realize any energy storage unit parallel operation control method disclosed above.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a battery energy storage system which comprises an energy storage unit, an energy storage converter and any battery management system disclosed above.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the battery management system and the battery energy storage system disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple because the battery management system and the battery energy storage system correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, and relevant parts only need to be described in the method section, so that the description is omitted.
The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims and in the above-described figures, are used for distinguishing between similar different objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises an element.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the embodiments of the invention. Thus, the present embodiments are not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (14)
1. The parallel operation control method of the energy storage unit is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
sampling the open-circuit voltage of each energy storage unit before the parallel operation of each energy storage unit in the battery energy storage system;
and selecting one pair of energy storage units from two schemes to control: in the scheme 1, the energy storage units are connected in parallel and charged one by one according to the sequence from low open-circuit voltage to high, and in the scheme 2, the energy storage units are connected in parallel and discharged one by one according to the sequence from high open-circuit voltage to low open-circuit voltage;
wherein, select a pair of each energy storage unit to control from two schemes, include:
calculating the average value of all open circuit voltages;
counting the number M of the energy storage units with open-circuit voltage smaller than the average value 1 And the number M of energy storage units with open-circuit voltage greater than the average value 2 ；
If M 1 ＜M 2 The energy storage units are controlled by adopting the scheme 1;
if M 1 ＞M 2 The energy storage units are controlled by adopting the scheme 2;
if M 1 ＝M 2 And adopting the scheme 1 or the scheme 2 to control each energy storage unit.
2. The energy storage unit parallel operation control method according to claim 1, wherein the scheme 1 specifically includes:
sequencing all the energy storage units according to the sequence from low open-circuit voltage to high open-circuit voltage, controlling the parallel operation of the energy storage units arranged at the 1 st position, and then requesting an energy storage converter in a battery energy storage system to enter a charging mode;
after the energy storage units arranged at the ith position are connected in parallel, when the pressure difference between the connected energy storage units and the energy storage units arranged at the (i+1) th position reaches the pressure difference allowable range, controlling the energy storage units arranged at the (i+1) th position to be connected in parallel, wherein i=1, 2, …, S-1 and S are the maximum arrangement.
3. The parallel operation control method of the energy storage unit according to claim 1, wherein the scheme 2 specifically includes:
sequencing all energy storage units according to the sequence from high to low of open-circuit voltage, controlling the energy storage units arranged at the 1 st position to be connected in parallel, and then requesting the energy storage converter to enter a discharging mode;
after the energy storage units arranged at the ith position are connected in parallel, when the pressure difference between the connected energy storage units and the energy storage units arranged at the (i+1) th position reaches the pressure difference allowable range, controlling the energy storage units arranged at the (i+1) th position to be connected in parallel, wherein i=1, 2, …, S-1 and S are the maximum arrangement.
4. The energy storage unit parallel operation control method according to claim 1, wherein the scheme 1 includes: the energy storage units are idle-load and parallel-machine and charge one by one according to the sequence from low open-circuit voltage to high open-circuit voltage;
the scheme 2 includes: and enabling all the energy storage units to be unloaded and connected in parallel and discharged one by one according to the sequence from high to low of the open-circuit voltage.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step of causing the energy storage units to be idle-loaded and charged one by one in the order of low open-circuit voltage comprises:
sequencing all the energy storage units according to the sequence from low open-circuit voltage to high open-circuit voltage, and controlling the parallel operation of the energy storage units arranged at the 1 st position;
after the energy storage units arranged at the ith position are connected in parallel, requesting the energy storage converter to enter a charging mode, when the pressure difference between the energy storage units connected in parallel and the energy storage units arranged at the (i+1) th position is larger than a first preset value, requesting the energy storage converter to stop charging, and when the pressure difference reaches a pressure difference allowable range, controlling the energy storage units connected in parallel at the (i+1) th position; where i=1, 2, …, S-1, S is the maximum rank.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the step of enabling each energy storage unit to be idle-loaded and discharged one by one in the order of high open-circuit voltage comprises the steps of:
sequencing all the energy storage units according to the sequence from high open-circuit voltage to low open-circuit voltage, and controlling the parallel operation of the energy storage units arranged at the 1 st position;
after the energy storage units arranged at the ith position are connected in parallel, requesting the energy storage converter to enter a discharging mode, when the pressure difference between the energy storage units arranged at the (i+1) th position and the connected energy storage units is larger than a first preset value, requesting the energy storage converter to stop discharging, and when the pressure difference reaches a pressure difference allowable range, controlling the energy storage units arranged at the (i+1) th position to be connected in parallel; where i=1, 2, …, S-1, S is the maximum rank.
7. The energy storage unit parallel operation control method according to claim 1, wherein the energy storage unit parallel operation control method is executed by the control units configured independently for each energy storage unit separately and cooperatively, wherein one control unit is used as a master, and the rest is used as slaves.
8. The energy storage unit parallel operation control method according to claim 7, wherein one of the control units is selected as a host at random in advance; after all the energy storage units are ordered according to the magnitude of the open-circuit voltage, the role of the host is transferred to the control unit corresponding to the energy storage unit arranged at the 1 st position.
9. The energy storage unit parallel operation control method according to claim 1, further comprising, under either scheme 1 or scheme 2:
before the parallel operation of the energy storage units arranged at the 1 st position, a pre-charging loop is opened to pre-charge the direct current bus capacitor of the energy storage converter, and the pre-charging loop is cut off after the pre-charging is completed.
10. The energy storage unit parallel operation control method according to claim 9, further comprising, under either scheme 1 or scheme 2: the precharge circuit takes power from the energy storage unit arranged in the 1 st bit.
11. The energy storage unit parallel operation control method according to claim 1, wherein before and/or during the parallel operation of all the energy storage units in the battery energy storage system, the method further comprises:
and performing self-checking on each energy storage unit, removing the energy storage unit with faults, and controlling only the normal energy storage unit.
12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the energy storage units with the open-circuit voltage difference not exceeding the allowable range of the voltage difference are regarded as a whole and then arranged in the same position, and the energy storage units arranged in the same position are simultaneously connected in parallel, regardless of the ordering under the scheme 1 or the scheme 2.
13. A battery management system configured in a battery energy storage system, wherein the battery management system has a program stored thereon, which when executed by a processor, implements the energy storage unit parallel operation control method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
14. A battery energy storage system comprising an energy storage unit, an energy storage converter and the battery management system of claim 13.
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