CN114336022A - Circularly polarized antenna unit and antenna three-dimensional array thereof - Google Patents
Circularly polarized antenna unit and antenna three-dimensional array thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a circularly polarized antenna unit which comprises a high-frequency dielectric plate, a radiation patch arranged at the center of a first surface of the high-frequency dielectric plate, an antenna reflection aluminum plate arranged at a second surface of the high-frequency dielectric plate, and an SMA connector arranged at the center of a second surface of the antenna reflection aluminum plate. The invention also discloses an antenna three-dimensional array which comprises a support frame, a circularly polarized antenna unit and a switching layer. The supporting frame comprises a top surface and a plurality of supporting beams, the top surface is a plane, the supporting beams are distributed around the top surface in an equiaxial mode, the supporting beams are of a multi-section bending structure, the first section is connected to the edge of the top surface, the Nth section is connected to the mounting flange, and normal vectors of the sections do not intersect in the first section to the Nth-1 section. The circularly polarized antenna unit is arranged on the top surface and the first section to the (N-1) th section of the supporting beam to form a multilayer antenna structure. The switching layer is arranged on the Nth section of the support beam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aerospace, in particular to a circularly polarized antenna unit and an antenna three-dimensional array thereof.
Background
For a constellation satellite, the size and number of data, pictures or videos to be transmitted between constellations and between the satellite and the ground are increased by orders of magnitude compared to a single satellite. The requirements of massive data, picture and video transmission on the satellite communication rate and the channel capacity are increasingly increased. The rate and channel capacity of satellite communications are generally closely related to the gain and wide angle coverage of the satellite and ground terminal antennas. For a satellite-borne antenna, high gain and wide coverage of the antenna are required to be realized under the condition of limited power consumption. On the other hand, ground terminal products need to achieve high gain and full coverage of a nearly hemisphere on the premise of achieving miniaturization. In summary, satellite and ground terminals in satellite communication both put high gain and wide coverage requirements on the antenna.
However, high gain and wide coverage are two conflicting characteristics for conventional antenna technology. For example, although the conventional single microstrip antenna and element antenna can realize the near-hemispherical coverage of antenna beams, the antenna gain is very low, and the requirement of satellite-ground high-speed communication is difficult to meet; by adopting the planar phased array antenna, the gain of the antenna can be improved by increasing the number of the antenna array elements, and the coverage range of communication can be increased by scanning antenna beams, but with the increase of the scanning angle of the antenna, the mutual coupling of the antenna array elements is enhanced, the maximum scanning range of the antenna can only reach below +/-60 degrees, and the requirement of near-hemispherical full coverage of satellite communication is difficult to meet completely.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve some or all of the problems in the prior art and enable a satellite communication antenna to simultaneously meet the requirements of high gain and wide coverage, the invention provides a circularly polarized antenna unit, which comprises:
a high-frequency dielectric plate;
the radiation patch is arranged at the center of the first surface of the high-frequency dielectric plate, and the area of the radiation patch is smaller than that of the high-frequency dielectric plate;
the antenna reflection aluminum plate is arranged on the second surface of the high-frequency dielectric plate, and the area of the antenna reflection aluminum plate is equal to that of the high-frequency dielectric plate; and
and the SMA connector is arranged on the second surface of the antenna reflection aluminum plate.
Further, the radiation patch is a ceramic microstrip antenna.
Furthermore, the radiation patch is square, and rectangular grooves are formed in the four corner gaps and the middle of the radiation patch.
Based on the circularly polarized antenna unit, another aspect of the present invention provides an antenna array, including:
a support frame, comprising:
a top surface that is planar;
the supporting beams are distributed around the top surface in an equiaxial mode and are of an N-section bending structure, the first section is connected to the edge of the top surface, the Nth section is connected to the mounting flange, and normal vectors of the sections do not intersect in the first section to the Nth-1 section;
the circularly polarized antenna unit is arranged on the top surface and the first section to the (N-1) th section of the supporting beam to form a multilayer antenna structure; and
and the switching layer is arranged on the Nth section of the supporting beam.
Further, the top surface of the support frame includes:
a high-frequency dielectric plate;
the antenna reflection aluminum plate is arranged on the second surface of the high-frequency dielectric plate;
the plurality of radiation patches are arranged on the first surface of the high-frequency dielectric plate, one of the radiation patches is arranged at the center of the high-frequency dielectric plate, and the rest radiation patches are distributed around the radiation patches at the center in an equiaxial manner; and
and the SMA connector corresponds to the plurality of radiation patches one to one and is arranged on the second surface of the antenna reflection aluminum plate.
Further, the antenna stereo array comprises three layers of antennas, wherein:
the second layer of antenna is arranged on the first section of the supporting beam, wherein two opposite sides of each circularly polarized antenna unit are respectively arranged on two adjacent supporting beams; and
and the third layer of antenna is arranged on the second section of the supporting beam, wherein two opposite sides of each circularly polarized antenna unit are respectively arranged on two adjacent supporting beams.
Further, the circularly polarized antenna unit is fixedly connected to the support beam in a threaded connection manner.
Further, the first section of the support beam makes an angle of 30 ° with the top surface, and/or
The second section of the supporting beam and the top surface form an included angle of 61.9 degrees.
Further, the X-band three-dimensional array antenna comprises 12 supporting beams, the first layer of antenna comprises 7 circularly polarized antenna units, the second layer of antenna comprises 12 circularly polarized antenna units, and the third layer of antenna comprises 12 circularly polarized antenna units.
Furthermore, the X-band three-dimensional array antenna also comprises an antenna wave control plate which is arranged inside the support frame and connected with the circularly polarized antenna unit through a flexible cable.
According to the X-waveband three-dimensional array antenna provided by the invention, the antenna units are arranged on the supporting frame of a multilayer structure in a multilayer arrangement mode, and the directions of the antennas at all layers are different, so that the smooth change of beams and the coverage of beams at large angles are realized. Meanwhile, the antenna adopts a ceramic microstrip antenna form, has a simple structure and low cost, and can meet the requirement of a satellite communication antenna on low section.
Drawings
To further clarify the above and other advantages and features of embodiments of the present invention, a more particular description of embodiments of the present invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts will be denoted by the same or similar reference numerals for clarity.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional array of antennas according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 illustrates a bottom view of a three-dimensional array of antennas in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a support frame of a three-dimensional array of antennas according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a bottom view of a support frame of a three-dimensional array of antennas according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a circularly polarized antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of top-side circularly polarized antenna elements according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the radiation directions of a circularly polarized antenna unit in the E-plane and the H-plane of 8.04GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the gain and circular polarization axial ratio of a three-dimensional array of antennas at different scanning angles according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a graph showing a scanning angle and a gain variation of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention at 8.04 GHz; and
fig. 10 shows a scan angle versus axial ratio variation curve of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention at 8.04 GHz.
Detailed Description
In the following description, the present invention is described with reference to examples. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the embodiments may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other alternative and/or additional methods, materials, or components. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the invention. Similarly, for purposes of explanation, specific numbers, materials and configurations are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. However, the invention is not limited to these specific details. Further, it should be understood that the embodiments shown in the figures are illustrative representations and are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "the embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
It is further noted herein that in embodiments of the present invention, only a portion of the components or assemblies may be shown for clarity and simplicity, but those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that, given the teachings of the present invention, required components or assemblies may be added as needed in a particular scenario.
It is also noted herein that, within the scope of the present invention, the terms "same", "equal", and the like do not mean that the two values are absolutely equal, but allow some reasonable error, that is, the terms also encompass "substantially the same", "substantially equal". By analogy, in the present invention, the terms "perpendicular", "parallel" and the like in the directions of the tables also cover the meanings of "substantially perpendicular", "substantially parallel".
The invention provides a circularly polarized antenna unit and an antenna three-dimensional array thereof, in particular to an X-waveband three-dimensional array antenna, aiming at providing a high-gain and wide-coverage phased array antenna which can be applied to satellites and ground terminals and aiming at solving the technical problems of high gain and wide coverage of the conventional antenna. The antenna units are arranged on the supporting frame of the multilayer structure in a multilayer mode, the directions of the antennas on all layers are different, and accordingly gentle beam change and large-angle beam coverage are achieved. Meanwhile, the antenna adopts a ceramic microstrip antenna form, has a simple structure and low cost, and can meet the requirement of a satellite communication antenna on low section. The solution of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of embodiments.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a circularly polarized antenna unit of an X-band three-dimensional array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 5, the circular polarization antenna unit includes a high frequency dielectric plate 202, a radiation patch 201, an antenna reflection aluminum plate 203, and an SMA connector 204. The radiation patch 201 is disposed at the center of the first surface of the high-frequency dielectric plate 202, and the area of the radiation patch 201 is smaller than that of the high-frequency dielectric plate 202. In one embodiment of the present invention, the radiation patch 201 is square, with four notches and a rectangular slot in the middle. The antenna reflection aluminum plate 203 is disposed on the second surface of the high-frequency dielectric plate 202, and has an area equal to that of the high-frequency dielectric plate 202. And the SMA connector 204 is connected to the second surface of the antenna reflector aluminum plate 203, for example, by an SMA mount 241, and also includes a feed pin 242 disposed on the radiation patch 201.
Based on the circularly polarized antenna unit, the antenna stereo array can be formed by a support frame with a specific structure. To form a multi-layered antenna structure, in one embodiment of the present invention, the supporting frame includes a top surface and a plurality of supporting beams. Wherein the top surface should be planar to form or mount the first layer antenna. The supporting beams are distributed around the top surface in an equiaxial mode and are of N-section bending structures, the first section is connected to the edge of the top surface, the Nth section is connected to the mounting flange, and normal vectors of the sections do not intersect in the first section to the Nth-1 section. The first section to the N-1 section of the support beam are used for installing circular polarization antenna units to form 2 nd to N-2 nd layers of antennas. As the normal vectors of the sections are not intersected in the first section to the N-1 section, the orientation of each layer of antenna can be ensured to be not intersected. And the Nth section of the support beam is used for installing the switching layer.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a support frame of an X-band three-dimensional array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 4 is a bottom view illustrating the support frame of the X-band three-dimensional array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment shown in the drawings, a specific structure of the support frame is described by taking a support frame for mounting a three-layer antenna as an example. As shown, the support frame includes a top surface 101, a support beam 102, and a mounting flange 103.
The top surface 101 is a plane, in one embodiment of the present invention, in order to facilitate disposing a first layer antenna, the top surface 101 is directly used as an antenna layer as a whole, and specifically, as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 6, the top surface 101 includes:
a high-frequency dielectric plate 111 on which a plurality of through holes 1111' can be provided;
an antenna reflection aluminum plate 112 disposed on the second surface of the high-frequency dielectric plate 111, wherein the through hole 1111 penetrates through the antenna reflection aluminum plate 112;
a plurality of radiation patches 113 disposed on the first surface of the high-frequency dielectric plate 111, wherein one of the radiation patches is disposed at the center of the high-frequency dielectric plate 111, and the remaining radiation patches are equiaxed around the radiation patch at the center; in the embodiment shown, a total of 7 radiating patches are included, but it should be understood that in other embodiments of the invention, the number of radiating patches may be greater or less; and
The plurality of support beams 102 are equiaxed around the top surface, and in the embodiment shown in the figures, the support beams 102 are three-segment bent structures. Wherein a first segment is connected to the edge of the top surface 101, which in one embodiment of the invention is actually the second surface edge of the antenna reflector aluminum plate 112 fixed to the top surface by e.g. flat head fixing screws, as illustrated in fig. 4. The third segment ends are connected to the mounting flange by means of, for example, grub set screws or the like. In addition, in order to ensure that the directions of the antennas of the layers are not intersected, the normal vectors of the first section and the second section are used.
Based on the support frame and the circularly polarized antenna unit, fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 shows a bottom view of the three-dimensional antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the antenna array includes three layers of antennas 211, 212, 213 and a transition layer 003. It should be understood that in other embodiments of the present invention, the antenna array may include more or less antenna layers, and it is only necessary to ensure that the antennas are not mutually directed.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the first layer antenna 211 is located on the top surface of the X-band three-dimensional array antenna, which may be formed by arranging a plurality of radiating patches and other corresponding structures on a single high-frequency dielectric plate, as described above.
The second layer antenna 212 includes a plurality of circularly polarized antenna elements, the plurality of circularly polarized antenna elements are equiaxed around the first layer antenna 211, a first edge of each circularly polarized antenna in the second layer antenna is connected to an edge of the first layer antenna 211, and a second edge and a third edge opposite to the first edge are respectively connected to adjacent circularly polarized antenna elements. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the second side and the third side of each of the circularly polarized antennas in the second layer of antennas are respectively connected to the first sections of the two adjacent support beams by, for example, screws or the like.
The third layer antenna 213 also comprises a plurality of circularly polarized antenna elements, and the first side of each circularly polarized antenna element in the third layer antenna is connected to the fourth side of each circularly polarized antenna element in the second layer antenna. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the second edge and the third edge of each circularly polarized antenna in the third layer of antennas are respectively connected to the second sections of the two adjacent support beams by, for example, screws.
Meanwhile, a first included angle exists between the second-layer antenna and the first-layer antenna, and a second included angle exists between the third-layer antenna and the first-layer antenna, and in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the first included angle is preferably smaller than the second included angle. The adapting layer 003 is disposed below the third layer antenna 213 and fixed to the mounting flange 103. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the adaptor layer is also composed of a plurality of adaptor plates, and a first side of each adaptor plate is connected to the fourth pass of the third-layer antenna, and a second side and a third side of each adaptor plate are respectively connected to the third sections of two adjacent support beams by screws or the like. A third included angle exists between the transition layer 003 and the first layer antenna, and in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the third included angle is preferably smaller than the second included angle.
To better illustrate the technical effects of the present invention, a specific antenna array will be taken as an example to describe the related technical features.
First, in the antenna stereo array, the circularly polarized antenna unit is adopted. Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the radiation directions of a circularly polarized antenna unit in the E-plane and the H-plane of 8.04GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen that the axial ratios of the circularly polarized antenna elements are less than 4dB in the scanning range of 0 to 80 °, and have excellent circular polarization characteristics.
Secondly, the support frame of the antenna three-dimensional array comprises 12 support beams, the support beams are of three-section bending structures, the included angle between the first section and the top surface is 30 degrees, and the included angle between the second section of the support beam and the top surface is 61.9 degrees. Therefore, the first layer of antenna of the antenna stereo array comprises 7 circularly polarized antenna elements, the second layer of antenna comprises 12 circularly polarized antenna elements, and the third layer of antenna comprises 12 circularly polarized antenna elements, forming an X-band 31-element antenna stereo array.
The X-band 31 unit antenna three-dimensional array is tested and simulated, and the following results are obtained:
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the gain and circular polarization axial ratio of a three-dimensional array of antennas at different scanning angles according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a graph showing a scanning angle and a gain variation of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention at 8.04 GHz; and
fig. 10 shows a scan angle versus axial ratio variation curve of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention at 8.04 GHz.
As shown in the figure, the maximum gain of the X-waveband 31-unit antenna stereo array is up to 17dB, the gain in the beam width of 160 degrees is larger than 14dB, the beam gain curve is smooth, the sharp fluctuation of the gain is not generated, and the high gain of the wide beam is realized.
While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. It will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art that various combinations, modifications, and changes can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present invention disclosed herein should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A circularly polarized antenna unit, comprising:
a high-frequency dielectric plate;
the radiation patch is arranged at the center of the first surface of the high-frequency dielectric plate, the area of the radiation patch is smaller than that of the high-frequency dielectric plate, and a feed needle is arranged on the surface of the radiation patch;
the antenna reflection aluminum plate is arranged on the second surface of the high-frequency dielectric plate, and the area of the antenna reflection aluminum plate is equal to that of the high-frequency dielectric plate; and
and the SMA connector is arranged at the center of the second surface of the antenna reflection aluminum plate.
2. The circularly polarized antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the radiating patch is a ceramic microstrip antenna.
3. The circularly polarized antenna unit of claim 2, wherein the radiating patch is square, and the four corner notches of the radiating patch have a rectangular slot in the middle.
4. A volumetric array of antennas, comprising:
a support frame, comprising:
a top surface that is planar; and
the supporting beams are distributed around the top surface in an equiaxial mode and are of an N-section bending structure, the first section is connected to the edge of the top surface, the Nth section is connected to the mounting flange, and normal vectors of the sections do not intersect in the first section to the Nth-1 section;
the circularly polarized antenna unit of any one of claims 1 to 3, mounted on the top surface and the first to the (N-1) th sections of the supporting beam to form a multi-layered antenna structure; and
and the switching layer is arranged on the Nth section of the supporting beam.
5. The spatial array of antennas of claim 4, wherein the top surface of the support frame comprises:
a high-frequency dielectric plate;
the antenna reflection aluminum plate is arranged on the second surface of the high-frequency dielectric plate;
the plurality of radiation patches are arranged on the first surface of the high-frequency dielectric plate, one of the radiation patches is arranged at the center of the high-frequency dielectric plate, and the rest radiation patches are distributed around the radiation patches at the center in an equiaxial manner; and
and the SMA connector corresponds to the plurality of radiation patches one to one and is arranged on the second surface of the antenna reflection aluminum plate.
6. The spatial array of antennas of claim 5, wherein the spatial array of antennas comprises a three-layer antenna, wherein:
the second layer of antenna is arranged on the first section of the supporting beam, wherein two opposite sides of each circularly polarized antenna unit are respectively arranged on two adjacent supporting beams; and
and the third layer of antenna is arranged on the second section of the supporting beam, wherein two opposite sides of each circularly polarized antenna unit are respectively arranged on two adjacent supporting beams.
7. The anay of claim 6, wherein said circularly polarized antenna elements are fixedly attached to said support beam by a threaded connection.
8. The spatial array of antennas of claim 6, wherein the first section of the support beam is angled 30 ° from the top surface and/or
The second section of the supporting beam and the top surface form an included angle of 61.9 degrees.
9. The anay of claim 8, wherein the X-band anay comprises 12 support beams, a first tier of antennas comprises 7 circularly polarized antenna elements, a second tier of antennas comprises 12 circularly polarized antenna elements, and a third tier of antennas comprises 12 circularly polarized antenna elements.
10. The stereoscopic array of claim 4, further comprising an antenna wave control plate disposed inside the supporting frame and connected to the circularly polarized antenna unit through a flexible cable.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111630973.XA CN114336022A (en) | 2021-12-28 | 2021-12-28 | Circularly polarized antenna unit and antenna three-dimensional array thereof |
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| CN202111630973.XA CN114336022A (en) | 2021-12-28 | 2021-12-28 | Circularly polarized antenna unit and antenna three-dimensional array thereof |
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