CN114335953A - Transition structure and application thereof, and dual-mode resonant waveguide excitation method - Google Patents
Transition structure and application thereof, and dual-mode resonant waveguide excitation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides a transition structure based on grounded coplanar waveguide-rectangular waveguide, comprising: a rectangular waveguide; the dielectric substrate is positioned on the rectangular waveguide, metal layers are respectively coated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate to form a grounding coplanar waveguide upper grounding layer and a grounding coplanar waveguide lower grounding layer, and the grounding coplanar waveguide upper grounding layer, the dielectric substrate and the grounding coplanar waveguide lower grounding layer form a grounding coplanar waveguide; wherein, ground connection coplanar waveguide connects the stratum down, includes: the U-shaped diaphragm is arranged in the coupling window and used for generating a waveguide transmission signal of a double-resonance mode; a grounded coplanar waveguide upper ground plane comprising: open branches for quasi-TEM mode and TE10Power conversion between modes. The present disclosure also provides a method for forming a waveguide based on a grounded coplanar waveguideA dual-mode resonant waveguide excitation method of a transition structure of a rectangular waveguide and application thereof are provided.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of terahertz systems, in particular to a transition structure and application thereof, and a dual-mode resonant waveguide excitation method.
Background
Micromechanical packaging is the best choice for developing terahertz multi-pixel heterodyne array instruments and other advanced terahertz systems. The rectangular waveguide is considered to be the most suitable interface for the terahertz package due to the advantages of excellent durability and low insertion loss. Conventional cnc metalworking can still be used for assembly and simple single pixel receiver fabrication, but is not sufficient when a highly compact and integrated system is required. Vertical mounting of circuit components is a viable solution because the local oscillator and intermediate frequency paths can be moved to the vertical dimension, which can provide higher circuit density for these waveguide-based front-end receiver components (e.g., frequency multipliers and mixers).
In these vertical structures of active and passive modules, the interconnection between the rectangular waveguide interface and the planar active circuit plays a crucial role in transmission performance. Grounded coplanar waveguides have found wide application in planar microwave circuits due to their low high frequency radiation losses. Therefore, the vertical connection and transition from the grounded coplanar waveguide planar circuit to the rectangular waveguide solid component is critical to the entire terahertz module or system. The conventional grounded coplanar waveguide-rectangular waveguide vertical transition mainly includes probe/antenna feed, ridge waveguide transition and slot coupling. The microstrip probe excitation is the most common transition structure at present, the bandwidth and the transition efficiency are improved by using a short resonant cavity, and the complexity of the terahertz waveband micro-assembly process is increased. Ridge waveguide transitions employ a metal ridge in the waveguide that must be mounted inside the waveguide, resulting in complex manufacturing and micro-assembly processes. The slot-coupled excitation approach couples the electromagnetic length from the grounded coplanar waveguide to the rectangular waveguide using a slot on the ground, which results in some radiation loss when the excitation is used for broadband applications. Therefore, a vertical transition structure which reduces the difficulty of micro-assembly and has low loss needs to be developed in the terahertz frequency band, and the high-efficiency transmission of the terahertz grounding coplanar waveguide planar circuit and the waveguide device is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present disclosure provides a transition structure based on a grounded coplanar waveguide and a rectangular waveguide, an application thereof, and a dual-mode resonant waveguide excitation method, wherein the transition structure adopts a circular or sector open-circuit stub to convert an electromagnetic field between the grounded coplanar waveguide and the rectangular waveguide. Meanwhile, the U-shaped diaphragm is embedded into the waveguide port of the waveguide to excite two resonance modes, so that the transmission bandwidth is improved, and the transition structure has the advantages of high efficiency, convenience in manufacturing, broadband transmission and the like.
A first aspect of the present disclosure provides a transition structure based on a grounded coplanar waveguide-rectangular waveguide, comprising: a rectangular waveguide; the dielectric substrate is positioned on the rectangular waveguide, wherein metal layers are respectively coated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate to form an upper grounding layer of the grounded coplanar waveguide and a lower grounding layer of the grounded coplanar waveguide, and the upper grounding layer of the grounded coplanar waveguide, the dielectric substrate and the lower grounding layer of the grounded coplanar waveguide form the grounded coplanar waveguide; wherein, ground connection coplanar waveguide connects the stratum down, includes: the U-shaped diaphragm is arranged in the coupling window and used for generating a waveguide transmission signal of a double-resonance mode; a grounded coplanar waveguide upper ground plane comprising: open branches for quasi-TEM mode and TE10Power conversion between modes.
Furthermore, the open-circuit branch is a circular open-circuit branch or a fan-shaped open-circuit branch.
Further, the grounding layer on the grounding coplanar waveguide further comprises: and the tail end of the transmission line is used for converting the electromagnetic waves into a main transmission mode of the rectangular waveguide through slot coupling.
Further, the coupling window is the same size as the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide.
Further, the dielectric substrate includes: the plurality of first through holes are positioned on the outer side of the dielectric substrate corresponding to the waveguide port of the rectangular waveguide, and the second through holes are positioned at the symmetrical positions of the plurality of first through holes and above the central position of the U-shaped diaphragm.
Further, the second via is a metallized matching via for adjusting the operating frequency of the transition structure.
Further, the frequency of the double resonance mode generated by the U-shaped diaphragm and the width w of the U-shaped diaphragmiAnd length of both sides liAnd presents negative correlation.
Further, the metal layer is made of a copper layer or a gold layer.
A second aspect of the present disclosure provides a dual-mode resonant waveguide excitation method based on the transition structure provided in the first aspect of the present disclosure, including: inputting a single-mode transmission signal on a rectangular waveguide; converting a single-mode transmission signal into a waveguide transmission signal of a double-resonance mode through a U-shaped diaphragm; the waveguide transmission signal of the double-resonance mode is output after sequentially passing through the medium substrate and the grounding layer on the grounding coplanar waveguide.
A third aspect of the present disclosure provides an application of the transition structure based on the grounded coplanar waveguide-rectangular waveguide provided in the first aspect of the present disclosure to a radio frequency front end of a terahertz wireless system.
The transition structure is fed by the grounded coplanar waveguide, not only has low-loss transmission performance, but also has broadband characteristics and low assembly process requirements. The transition structure provided by the present disclosure is suitable for broadband high-efficiency high-integration interconnection in monolithic microwave integrated circuits, solid waveguide components and antenna feed applications.
Drawings
For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 schematically illustrates a perspective view of a grounded coplanar waveguide-rectangular waveguide based transition structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2A and 2B respectively schematically illustrate top views of a transition structure based on a grounded coplanar waveguide-rectangular waveguide according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a mode transition diagram according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams schematically illustrating a comparison of simulation results of a transition structure based on grounded coplanar waveguide-rectangular waveguide according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 schematically shows a flow chart of a dual mode resonant waveguide excitation method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is illustrative only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the disclosure. It may be evident, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present disclosure.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. The terms "comprises," "comprising," and the like, as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.
All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art unless otherwise defined. It is noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with the context of this specification and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense.
The present disclosure provides a transition structure based on grounded coplanar waveguide-rectangular waveguide, comprising: a rectangular waveguide; the dielectric substrate is positioned on the rectangular waveguide, metal layers are respectively coated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate to form a grounding coplanar waveguide upper grounding layer and a grounding coplanar waveguide lower grounding layer, and the grounding coplanar waveguide upper grounding layer, the dielectric substrate and the grounding coplanar waveguide lower grounding layer form a grounding coplanar waveguide; wherein, ground connection coplanar waveguide connects the stratum down, includes: a coupling window and a U-shaped diaphragm arranged in the coupling window for generating a dual resonanceA waveguide transmission signal of a mode; a grounded coplanar waveguide upper ground plane comprising: open branches for quasi-TEM mode and TE10Power conversion between modes.
The transition structure provided by the embodiment of the disclosure is fed by the grounded coplanar waveguide, and not only has low-loss transmission performance, but also has broadband characteristics and low assembly process requirements. The transition structure provided by the present disclosure is suitable for broadband high-efficiency high-integration interconnection in monolithic microwave integrated circuits, solid waveguide components and antenna feed applications.
The technical solution of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the schematic structural diagrams of a power combiner, an equivalent circuit and a power amplifier based on a slotline-grounded coplanar waveguide structure in a specific embodiment of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the transition structure based on grounded coplanar waveguide-rectangular waveguide, the structure of each component and the simulation result shown in fig. 1 to 4 are only exemplary to help those skilled in the art understand the technical solution of the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a perspective view of a transition structure based on a grounded coplanar waveguide-rectangular waveguide according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, the transition structure based on the grounded coplanar waveguide-rectangular waveguide comprises: the waveguide structure comprises a rectangular waveguide 1, a grounded coplanar waveguide lower grounding layer 2, a dielectric substrate 3 and a grounded coplanar waveguide upper grounding layer 4 which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top and are in a plate-shaped structure. Wherein the transition structure is a left-right symmetrical structure (as shown in fig. 1, the transition structure is symmetrical about the x-axis).
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the rectangular waveguide 1 may employ a standard WR4 waveguide. The dielectric substrate 3 may be a quartz dielectric substrate with a thickness of 100 μm and a dielectric constant of 3.82. A grounding coplanar waveguide upper grounding layer 4 and a grounding coplanar waveguide lower grounding layer 2 are respectively formed by coating good conductor metal layers on the upper surface and the lower surface of a dielectric substrate 3, wherein the grounding coplanar waveguide lower grounding layer 2, the dielectric substrate 3 and the grounding coplanar waveguide upper grounding layer 4 form a grounding coplanar waveguide. The good conductor metal layer is a metal layer with good conductivity, and preferably, the good conductor metal layer is a gold layer, a copper layer, a platinum layer or the like.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the grounded coplanar waveguide lower ground layer 2 includes: a coupling window 21 and a U-shaped diaphragm 22 disposed within the coupling window 21, the U-shaped diaphragm 22 being configured to generate a dual-resonant mode waveguide transmission signal. Wherein the size of the coupling window 21 is the same as the size of the waveguide port 11 of the rectangular waveguide 1.
As shown in FIG. 2A, let the width of the U-shaped membrane 22 be wiThe length of the left and right sides is liCan be adjusted by adjusting wi、liParameters to adjust the dual-mode resonant frequency of the transition structure for improved transition bandwidth and impedance matching, andithe length of the narrow side of the waveguide port 11 of the rectangular waveguide 1 should be less to avoid the U-shaped diaphragm 22 from exceeding the range of the waveguide port 11.
Specifically, the width w of the U-shaped diaphragm 22iAnd length of the narrow-walled membraneiTwo resonance modes, w, which together determine a double resonance modeiThe larger the resonant frequency of the lower frequency, and liThe larger the higher the resonant frequency, the more the high frequency will also shift to the lower frequency band. Thus, the frequency of the dual resonant modes generated by the U-shaped diaphragm 22 and the width w of the U-shaped diaphragm 22iAnd length of both sides liAnd presents negative correlation.
A grounded coplanar waveguide upper ground layer 4 comprising: an open stub 41, a transmission line 42 connected to the open stub 41, and a slot 43 located outside the open stub 41 and the transmission line 42. As shown in fig. 2B, the open stub 41 is located right above the waveguide port 11 of the rectangular waveguide 1, and the structure formed by the two is a bilateral symmetry structure. Open stubs 41 for quasi-TEM mode and TE10Low loss switching of power between modes. The end of the transmission line 42 is used to couple and convert the electromagnetic wave into the main transmission mode of the rectangular waveguide 1 through the slot 43.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2B, the open stub 41 may be a circular open stub or a fan-shaped open stub. Let d be the distance from the center of the open-circuit branch 41 to the long side of the waveguide port 11 of the rectangular waveguide 1sThe radius of the round branch is rsThen r iss+dsShould be small in sizeThe length of the narrow side of the waveguide port 11. Preferably, rs+dsThe size is half of the narrow side of the waveguide aperture 11 so that the electromagnetic mode of the grounded coplanar waveguide 2, 4 is converted into the main transmission mode of the rectangular waveguide 1.
Preferably, the longer side of the U-shaped patch 22 coincides completely with the longer side of the waveguide port 11 and is arranged symmetrically with respect to the transmission line 42 of the upper grounded coplanar waveguide 4.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the dielectric substrate 3 includes a plurality of first through holes 31 and a plurality of second through holes 32, the plurality of first through holes 31 are located on the outer side of the dielectric substrate 3 corresponding to the waveguide ports 11 and the transmission lines 42 of the rectangular waveguide 1, and the second through holes 32 are located above the central position of the U-shaped diaphragm 22 and at symmetrical positions of the plurality of first through holes 31. The first through holes 31 and the second through holes 32 are metalized through holes, and the first through holes 31 are common metalized through holes and are used for preventing electromagnetic waves from generating a parallel plate mode between the upper metal surface and the lower metal surface of the quartz substrate 3 to cause energy leakage. The second via 32 is a metallized matching via that is used to tune the operating frequency of the transition structure.
Furthermore, the distance between adjacent metallized through holes is larger than or equal to the diameter of each through hole, so that the processing difficulty is reduced, and the manufacturing and processing yield is improved.
As shown in FIG. 2B, let d be the distance from the center of the metallized matching via 32 to the wide side of the waveguide port 11vAdjusting dvThe parameters can change the working frequency of the transition structure, so that the application range of the structure can be expanded to any working frequency band.
As shown in FIG. 1, the WR4 waveguide 1 is vertically terminated with the quartz substrate 3, and the coupling window 21 is formed by etching the WR4 waveguide 1 with the waveguide port 11 aligned with the upper surface of the quartz substrate 1.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the open stub 41 fed by the grounded coplanar waveguide is inserted above the center of the waveguide port 11 of the rectangular waveguide 1, and the electromagnetic wave at the end of the transmission line 42 is converted into the main transmission mode of the rectangular waveguide 1 by slot coupling, as shown in fig. 3, the quasi-TEM electromagnetic mode of the grounded coplanar waveguide and the TE of the rectangular waveguide10The entire power conversion process between modes.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, due to the arrangement of the open-circuit branch 41, the transition waveguide structure well realizes the quasi-TEM electromagnetic mode in the grounding layer 2 under the grounded coplanar waveguide and the grounding layer 4 on the grounded coplanar waveguide and the TE of the rectangular waveguide10Power conversion between modes.
Theoretically, the diaphragm loads on the wide and narrow walls of the U-shaped diaphragm 22 are equivalent to the parallel capacitance and parallel inductance, respectively, of the waveguide transmission line. The excitation structure achieves a dual resonant transmission mode by generating two resonant frequencies associated with the U-shaped diaphragm 22, which U-shaped diaphragm 22 can provide adequate capacitive and inductive compensation at low and high frequencies, respectively.
Specifically, it is shown from the electric field simulation results that the wide-walled diaphragm with capacitance of the U-shaped diaphragm 22 plays a dominant role at a lower frequency (187GHz), while the narrow-walled iris with inductance plays a dominant role at a higher frequency (229GHz), thereby generating a dual resonance mode.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the numerical value placement is performed both in the case of using the U-shaped diaphragm 22 and in the case of not using the U-shaped diaphragm 22 for the transition structure, and specifically, the simulation calculation is performed on the scattering parameter (i.e., S parameter). Fig. 4A and 4B schematically illustrate a comparison graph of simulation results of a transition structure based on a grounded coplanar waveguide-rectangular waveguide according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in FIG. 4A, when the U-shaped diaphragm is not used, the transition structure only has a single resonance frequency of 210GHz, an absolute working bandwidth of 24GHz and a relative working bandwidth of 11.5 percent, and the return loss S is within a frequency range of 197GHz to 221GHz11And return loss S22Are all better than 15dB and have insertion loss S21Below 0.35 dB.
As shown in FIG. 4B, the use of the U-shaped diaphragm can generate dual resonant modes with frequencies of 187GHz and 229GHz, respectively, and a return loss S in the frequency range of 184GHz to 231GHz11And return loss S22Are all better than 15dB and have insertion loss S21Below 0.35dB, the absolute operating bandwidth reaches 47GHz, the relative operating bandwidth is 22.7%, and the bandwidth is almost twice that of the case when the U-shaped diaphragm is not used. The simulation calculation result shows that the transition structureThe broadband transmission performance of the transition structure can be effectively improved by using the U-shaped diaphragm.
Fig. 5 schematically shows a flow chart of a bimodal resonant waveguide excitation method implemented based on the transition structure shown in fig. 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 5, the method for exciting a dual-mode resonant waveguide includes: s501 to S503.
S501, a single-mode transmission signal is input to the rectangular waveguide 1.
S502, the single-mode transmission signal is converted into a waveguide transmission signal of a dual-resonance mode through the U-shaped diaphragm 22.
And S503, the waveguide transmission signal in the double-resonance mode sequentially passes through the dielectric substrate 3 and the grounding layer 4 on the grounding coplanar waveguide and then is output.
In other embodiments, a single-mode transmission signal may also be input into the upper ground layer 4 of the grounded coplanar waveguide, and the single-mode transmission signal is converted into a waveguide transmission signal of a dual-resonance mode in the U-shaped diaphragm 22 after passing through the dielectric substrate 3, and then is output after sequentially passing through the lower ground layer 2 of the grounded coplanar waveguide and the rectangular waveguide 1. The input direction of the transition structure input signal is not limited by the embodiments of the present disclosure.
Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides an application of the transition structure based on the grounded coplanar waveguide-rectangular waveguide as shown in the above embodiments to a radio frequency front end of a terahertz wireless system. The waveguide device in the radio frequency front end is connected with the rectangular waveguide 1, and the planar circuit is connected with the upper grounding coplanar waveguide 4.
In other embodiments, the transition structure may also be used for broadband high-efficiency high-integration interconnects in monolithic microwave integrated circuits, solid waveguide components, and antenna feed applications.
It should be noted that, the above embodiments describe the transition structure provided in the present disclosure in detail, and it does not constitute a limitation of the transition structure of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and in other practical applications, some components in the transition structure may be replaced by other structures, for example, the open-circuit branches 41 include, but are not limited to, circular or fan-shaped open-circuit branches, and may also be rectangular open-circuit branches or open-circuit branches with other geometric shapes.
While the disclosure has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various combinations and/or combinations of features recited in the various embodiments and/or claims of the disclosure can be made to the extent not expressly recited in the disclosure. In particular, various combinations and/or combinations of the features recited in the various embodiments and/or claims of the present disclosure may be made without departing from the spirit or teaching of the present disclosure. All such combinations and/or associations are within the scope of the present disclosure.
While the disclosure has been shown and described with reference to certain exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure should not be limited to the above-described embodiments, but should be defined not only by the appended claims, but also by equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A transition structure based on grounded coplanar waveguide-rectangular waveguide, comprising:
a rectangular waveguide (1);
the dielectric substrate (3) is positioned on the rectangular waveguide (1), metal layers are coated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (3) respectively to form a grounding coplanar waveguide upper grounding layer (4) and a grounding coplanar waveguide lower grounding layer (2), and the grounding coplanar waveguide upper grounding layer (4), the dielectric substrate (3) and the grounding coplanar waveguide lower grounding layer (2) form a grounding coplanar waveguide; wherein,
the grounded coplanar waveguide lower ground layer (2) includes: a coupling window (21) and a U-shaped diaphragm (22) arranged in the coupling window (21), the U-shaped diaphragm (22) being used for generating a waveguide transmission signal of a double resonance mode;
the upper grounded layer (4) of the grounded coplanar waveguide comprises: an open stub (41), the open stub (41) for quasi-TEM mode and TE10Power conversion between modes.
2. The transition structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the open stub (41) is a circular open stub or a sector open stub.
3. The transition structure of claim 1, wherein the grounded coplanar waveguide upper ground layer (4) further comprises:
and the tail end of the transmission line (42) is used for coupling and converting the electromagnetic waves into a main transmission mode of the rectangular waveguide (1) through a gap (43).
4. The transition structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the coupling window (21) is the same size as the waveguide mouth (11) of the rectangular waveguide (1).
5. The transition structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the dielectric substrate (3) comprises: the waveguide structure comprises a plurality of first through holes (31) and a plurality of second through holes (32), wherein the first through holes (31) are located on the outer side, corresponding to waveguide ports (11) of the rectangular waveguide (1), of the dielectric substrate (3), and the second through holes (32) are located at symmetrical positions of the first through holes (31) and above the central position of the U-shaped diaphragm (22).
6. The transition structure of claim 5, wherein the second via (32) is a metallized matching via for tuning an operating frequency of the transition structure.
7. The transition structure of claim 1, characterized in that the frequency of the double resonance mode generated by the U-shaped diaphragm (22) and the width w of the U-shaped diaphragm (22) are such thatiAnd both sidesLength liAnd presents negative correlation.
8. The transition structure of claim 1, wherein the metal layer is comprised of a copper layer or a gold layer.
9. A dual-mode resonance waveguide excitation method based on the transition structure of any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising:
inputting a single-mode transmission signal on a rectangular waveguide (1);
the single-mode transmission signal is converted into a waveguide transmission signal of a double-resonance mode through a U-shaped diaphragm (22);
and the waveguide transmission signals in the double-resonance mode are output after sequentially passing through the dielectric substrate (3) and the grounding layer (4) on the grounding coplanar waveguide.
10. Use of the transition structure based on grounded coplanar waveguide-rectangular waveguide according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in the radio frequency front end of a terahertz wireless system.
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