CN114335897A - Diaphragm and lithium ion battery comprising same - Google Patents
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- CN114335897A CN114335897A CN202111657671.1A CN202111657671A CN114335897A CN 114335897 A CN114335897 A CN 114335897A CN 202111657671 A CN202111657671 A CN 202111657671A CN 114335897 A CN114335897 A CN 114335897A
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Abstract
The invention provides a separator and a lithium ion battery comprising the same. The diaphragm comprises a diaphragm base material and a coating, wherein the coating contains a high polymer material, and the high polymer material contains-COOLi groups; the lithium ion content in the coating is 0.0092 wt% -0.58 wt%; at least one side of the separator substrate contains the coating layer. According to the invention, the high polymer material with-COOLi groups is introduced into the diaphragm, so that the lithium ion conduction rate of the diaphragm is obviously improved, and the quick charge and quick charge capabilities of the lithium ion battery are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of batteries, and particularly relates to a diaphragm and a lithium ion battery comprising the diaphragm.
Background
The diaphragm is an important component of the lithium ion battery, and in order to improve the ionic conductivity and other properties of the diaphragm, a modified coating is usually coated on the surface of the diaphragm. The binder in the modified coating is one of important factors influencing the ionic conductivity and other properties of the diaphragm, and the selection of the binder with more excellent properties is an important way for improving the performance of the diaphragm.
The binder commonly used for the diaphragm in the lithium ion battery at present comprises styrene butadiene rubber obtained by copolymerizing butadiene and styrene and modified materials thereof, such as SBR modified or copolymerized by acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, butyronitrile and acrylate. Although the adhesion performance and the ionic conductivity of the coating can be improved by modifying the pure styrene-butadiene rubber, the improvement of the electrical performance of the lithium ion battery is still not satisfactory.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a diaphragm, which comprises a diaphragm base material and a coating, wherein the coating contains a high polymer material, and the high polymer material contains-COOLi groups; the lithium ion content in the coating is 0.0092 wt% -0.58 wt%.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the-COOLi group has a structural formula shown in the following formula 1,
according to an embodiment of the invention, at least one side of the separator substrate comprises the coating.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymeric material is selected from polymeric materials in which at least part of the recurring units have side chains with-COOLi groups.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in order to increase the concentration of-COOLi in the coating layer, the polymer material is selected from a polymer of a compound containing lithium polybasic carboxylate represented by the following formula 2:
R(COOLi)nin the formula (2), the first and second groups,
wherein n is more than 1 and less than or equal to 12, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12;
r is selected from aromatic hydrocarbon group or aliphatic group containing double bonds.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the lithium ion content in the polymer material is 0.01 to 15 wt%, specifically 0.05 to 15 wt%, for example 0.01 wt%, 0.05 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 11 wt%, 12 wt%, 13 wt%, 14 wt%, 15 wt%.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the polymer material may be at least one of a carboxymethyl cellulose-based polymer having a-COOLi group in a side chain of at least a part of the repeating units, a (meth) acrylic polymer having a-COOLi group in a side chain of at least a part of the repeating units, a styrene-butadiene rubber-based polymer having a-COOLi group in a side chain of at least a part of the repeating units, a (meth) acrylate-based polymer having a-COOLi group in a side chain of at least a part of the repeating units, a (meth) acrylonitrile-based polymer having a-COOLi group in a side chain of at least a part of the repeating units, and an epoxy resin-based polymer having a-COOLi group in a side chain of at least a part of the repeating units.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the polymeric material is selected from lithium carboxymethyl cellulose. Specifically, in order to increase the lithium ion content in the high polymer material, the d.s substitution degree of the lithium carboxymethyl cellulose is above 0.9, that is, the lithium ion content in the lithium carboxymethyl cellulose is not less than 2 wt%. In the present invention, the D.S. degree of substitution refers to the average amount of substances in which the active hydroxyl groups (-OH) in the cellulose molecule are substituted with-COOLi. Illustratively, the lithium ion content in the lithium carboxymethyl cellulose is 2 wt% to 4.0 wt%, and specifically may be 2.0 wt%, 2.1 wt%, 2.2 wt%, 2.3 wt%, 2.4 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 2.6 wt%, 2.7 wt%, 2.9 wt%, 3.0 wt%, 3.1 wt%, 3.2 wt%, 3.3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 3.6 wt%, 3.7 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.9 wt%, or 4.0 wt%.
According to an exemplary aspect of the present invention, the polymer material is selected from lithium (meth) acrylate- (meth) acrylic acid-based polymers. Specifically, the weight average molecular weight of the lithium (meth) acrylate- (meth) acrylic polymer is about 10 to 100 ten thousand (which may be any point within a range of 10 ten thousand, 20 ten thousand, 30 ten thousand, 40 ten thousand, 50 ten thousand, 60 ten thousand, 70 ten thousand, 80 ten thousand, 90 ten thousand, 100 ten thousand, or a combination of two or more thereof, for example). Specifically, the lithium ion content in the lithium (meth) acrylate- (meth) acrylic acid-based polymer is 2.0 to 15.0 wt% (ICP test); and may illustratively be 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 8.2, 8.4, 8.6, 8.8, 9.0, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0, 13.0, 14.0, or 15.0 wt%.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the polymer material is selected from styrene-butadiene rubber-based polymers having-COOLi groups in side chains of at least a part of the repeating units, and lithium-rich lithium polycarboxylic acid is copolymerized in the styrene-butadiene rubber-based polymers. Specifically, the content of lithium ions in the styrene-butadiene rubber polymer is 0.05-1.0 wt% (ICP test); and may illustratively be 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, or 1.0 wt%.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in the polymer material, a repeating unit having a-COOLi group in a side chain may be introduced by using a monomer having a-COOLi group as a comonomer; alternatively, repeating units having a-COOLi group in the side chain can be introduced by further neutralization with Li with a-COOH group-containing monomer as a comonomer; alternatively, when the main body of the polymer material contains-COOH (e.g., a carboxymethyl cellulose-based polymer, a (meth) acrylic polymer) or the like in the side chain, a repeating unit having a-COOLi group in the side chain may be introduced directly by partially substituting a hydrogen atom in-COOH with Li.
Among them, in order to make the-COOLi group more easily ionized, a-COOLi group-containing monomer having an electron-withdrawing group is generally selected as a comonomer. The electron-withdrawing group in the present invention is not particularly limited, and an electron-withdrawing group known in the art, for example, nitro group (-NO), may be used2) Trihalomethyl (-CX)3X ═ F, Cl), cyano group (-CN), sulfonic acid group (-SO)3H) Formyl (-CHO), acyl (-COR), carboxyl (-COOH), etc.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the separator substrate is selected from a single-layer or a multi-layer composite separator. Preferably, the separator substrate is selected from PP and/or PE. Illustratively, the separator substrate is selected from PE separator substrates.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the separator substrate is 3 μm to 20 μm, for example 4um, 5um, 6um, 7um, 8um, 9um, 10 μm, 11 μm, 12 μm, 13 μm, 14 μm, 15 μm, 16 μm, 17 μm, 18 μm, 19 μm, 20 μm.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the coating further comprises at least one of a binder, a thickener, a dispersant, a wetting agent or a filler. The binder, thickener, dispersant, wetting agent or filler in the present invention is not particularly limited, and those known in the art may be selected as long as the desired coating can be obtained.
Illustratively, the filler is selected from BaTiO3Hafnium oxide, SrTiO3、SnO2、CeO2、MgO、NiO、CaO、ZnO、ZrO2、Y2O3、Al2O3Boehmite, TiO2Or SiC.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the diaphragm, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing a coating raw material and a solvent to obtain a coating slurry, and uniformly coating the coating slurry on at least one surface of a diaphragm base material to obtain the diaphragm;
wherein the coating raw material at least comprises the high polymer material.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the coating material further comprises at least one of a binder, a thickener, a dispersant, a wetting agent or a filler.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the binder, thickener, dispersant, wetting agent or filler is as defined above.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the solvent is selected from water.
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery, which comprises the diaphragm.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides a diaphragm and a lithium ion battery comprising the diaphragm, and the diaphragm is introduced with a high polymer material with-COOLi groups, so that the lithium ion conductivity of the diaphragm is obviously improved, and the quick charge and quick charge capabilities of the lithium ion battery are improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the following examples are only illustrative and explanatory of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All the technologies realized based on the above-mentioned contents of the present invention are covered in the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise indicated, the raw materials and reagents used in the following examples are all commercially available products or can be prepared by known methods.
Example 1
The high molecular material with-COOLi groups is selected from carboxymethyl cellulose lithium (CMC-Li), the weight average molecular weight of the high molecular material is about 40 ten thousand, the D.S substitution degree is about 0.9, and the content of lithium ions is 2.9 wt% through ICP test;
uniformly premixing filler alumina, water, ethanol and the carboxymethyl cellulose lithium according to the mass ratio of 31:63:4: 2; adding 2 wt% of methyl acrylate and 0.05 wt% of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) according to the total mass of the coating slurry, and uniformly mixing to obtain the coating slurry; uniformly coating the prepared coating slurry on one surface of a PE polyethylene diaphragm base material with the thickness of 12 microns by a diaphragm coating machine, baking the PE polyethylene diaphragm base material in a three-stage oven at 40 ℃/45 ℃/45 ℃ for 30s to remove water in the coating, and finally rolling and slitting to obtain the diaphragm 1.
Example 2
The high molecular material with-COOLi groups is selected from carboxymethyl cellulose lithium (CMC-Li), the weight average molecular weight of the high molecular material is about 40 ten thousand, the D.S substitution degree is about 1.0, and the content of lithium ions is 3.2 wt% according to ICP test;
uniformly premixing filler alumina, water, ethanol and carboxymethyl cellulose lithium according to the mass ratio of 31:63:4: 2; adding 2 wt% of methyl acrylate and 0.05 wt% of PVP according to the total mass of the coating slurry, and uniformly mixing to obtain the coating slurry; and uniformly coating the prepared coating slurry on one surface of a PE polyethylene diaphragm base material with the thickness of 12 microns by using a diaphragm coating machine, baking the PE polyethylene diaphragm base material for 30s by using a three-stage oven at the temperature of 40 ℃/45 ℃/45 ℃, removing water in the coating, and finally rolling and slitting to obtain the diaphragm 2.
Example 3
The high molecular material with-COOLi groups is selected from carboxymethyl cellulose lithium (CMC-Li), the weight average molecular weight of the high molecular material is about 40 ten thousand, the D.S substitution degree is about 1.2, and the content of lithium ions is 3.6 wt% according to ICP test;
uniformly premixing filler alumina, water, ethanol and carboxymethyl cellulose lithium according to the mass ratio of 31:63:4: 2; adding 2 wt% of methyl acrylate and 0.05 wt% of PVP according to the total mass of the coating slurry, and uniformly mixing to obtain the coating slurry; uniformly coating the prepared coating slurry on one surface of a PE polyethylene diaphragm base material with the thickness of 12 microns by a diaphragm coating machine, baking the PE polyethylene diaphragm base material in a three-stage oven at 40 ℃/45 ℃/45 ℃ for 30s to remove water in the coating, and finally rolling and slitting to obtain a diaphragm 3.
Example 4
The polymer material with-COOLi group is selected from lithium polyacrylate (PAA-Li); wherein the weight average molecular weight of the PAA-Li is about 60 ten thousand, and the content of lithium ions is 8.4 wt% through ICP test;
uniformly premixing filler alumina, water, ethanol and lithium polyacrylate according to the mass ratio of 31:63:4: 2; adding 2 wt% of methyl acrylate and 0.05 wt% of PVP according to the total mass of the coating slurry, and uniformly mixing to obtain the coating slurry; and uniformly coating the prepared coating slurry on one surface of a PE polyethylene diaphragm base material with the thickness of 12 microns by using a diaphragm coating machine, baking the PE polyethylene diaphragm base material for 30s by using a three-stage oven at the temperature of 40 ℃/45 ℃/45 ℃, removing water in the coating, and finally rolling and slitting to obtain the diaphragm 4.
Comparative example 1
The high molecular material is sodium carboxymethylcellulose without lithium ions, the weight average molecular weight is 40 ten thousand, and the D.S substitution degree is 0.9;
uniformly premixing alumina, water and ethanol according to the mass ratio of 31:65: 4; adding 2 wt% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding 2 wt% of methyl acrylate and 0.05 wt% of PVP, and mixing uniformly to obtain coating slurry; and uniformly coating the prepared coating slurry on one surface of a PE polyethylene diaphragm base material with the thickness of 12 microns by using a diaphragm coating machine, baking the PE polyethylene diaphragm base material for 30s by using a three-stage oven at the temperature of 40 ℃/45 ℃/45 ℃, removing water in the coating, and finally rolling and slitting to obtain the diaphragm 5.
Comparative example 2
The high molecular material is selected from sodium polyacrylate without lithium ions and conventional styrene butadiene rubber, and the weight average molecular weight of polyacrylic acid PAA-Na is 40 ten thousand;
uniformly premixing filler alumina, water and ethanol according to the mass ratio of 31:65: 4; adding 2 wt% of sodium polyacrylate according to the total mass of the coating slurry, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding 2 wt% of methyl acrylate and 0.05 wt% of PVP, and mixing uniformly to obtain the coating slurry; and uniformly coating the prepared coating slurry on one surface of a PE polyethylene diaphragm base material with the thickness of 12 microns by using a diaphragm coating machine, baking the PE polyethylene diaphragm base material for 30s by using a three-stage oven at the temperature of 40 ℃/45 ℃/45 ℃, removing water in the coating, and finally rolling and slitting to obtain the diaphragm 6.
Test example 1
Preparing a lithium ion battery: the separators 1 to 6 of the above examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were used as separators of lithium ion batteries, respectively, and the batteries were prepared by the following method, specifically, the operations were as follows:
preparing a positive plate: adding a positive electrode active substance (lithium cobaltate), a conductive agent (super-p) and a binder (PVDF) into N-methyl pyrrolidone according to the mass ratio of 97:2:1, uniformly mixing, coating on a positive electrode current collector (aluminum foil), drying at 90 ℃, rolling by using a roller press, cutting into pieces, cutting, drying in vacuum, and welding electrode lugs to obtain a positive electrode piece;
preparing a negative plate: preparing artificial graphite, a conductive agent super-P, CMC-Na and conventional Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) into water system slurry according to the mass ratio of 96:1.0:1.5:1.5, coating the water system slurry on a current collector copper foil, and drying and rolling to obtain a negative plate;
preparing an electrolyte: uniformly mixing Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), Propyl Propionate (PP) and Ethyl Propionate (EP) according to the volume ratio of 15:15:10:60, and adding LiPF6Preparing 1mol/L electrolyte, and adding 2 wt% of Vinylene Carbonate (VC) and 5 wt% of fluoroethylene carbonate as additives to prepare the final electrolyte;
and (3) sequentially superposing and winding the negative plate, the diaphragm and the positive plate into a battery core, filling an aluminum plastic film, injecting an electrolyte, and forming to obtain batteries, respectively marked as batteries 1-6, for electrical property testing, wherein the testing method comprises the following steps:
1. multiplying power discharge:
placing the battery in an environment of (25 +/-3) DEG C, standing for 0.5 hour, and carrying out a multiplying power discharge test on the battery according to the following steps when the battery core body reaches (25 +/-3) DEG C:
(1) charging 3C to 4.25V, charging 2.5C to 4.35V, charging 1.0C to 4.45V, charging 0.7C to 4.48V, charging 4.48V to cut-off current at constant voltage, discharging at 0.5C to 3.0V, and recording initial discharge capacity Q0;
(2) the battery was fully charged according to the above procedure (1), then discharged to 3.0V at 3C, and the first discharge capacity Q1 was recorded, and the 3C rate performance was calculated according to the 3C rate capacity retention (%) being (Q0-Q1)/Q0 × 100%.
2. Cycle performance:
placing the battery in an environment of (25 +/-3) DEG C, standing for 0.5 hour, and carrying out charge-discharge cycle test on the battery according to the following steps when the battery core body reaches (25 +/-3) DEG C:
(1) charging 3C to 4.25V, charging 2.5C to 4.35V, charging 1.0C to 4.45V, charging 0.7C to 4.48V, charging 4.48V to cut-off current at constant voltage, discharging at 0.5C to 3.0V, and recording initial discharge capacity Q0;
(2) after the battery was repeatedly cycled for 500T according to the above procedure (1), the 500 th discharge capacity Q1 was recorded, and the 500T capacity retention rate was calculated as (Q0-Q1)/Q0 × 100%).
The results of the above tests are reported in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Serial number | Li of polymer material+Content (wt.) | Ion conductivity/10-4S cm-1 | 3C Rate Performance% | 500T capacity retention ratio/%) |
| Example 1 | 2.90％ | 57.9 | 89.2 | 85.6 |
| Example 2 | 3.20％ | 71.2 | 89.9 | 85.5 |
| Example 3 | 3.60％ | 79.7 | 89.8 | 86 |
| Example 4 | 8.40％ | 135.4 | 92.1 | 86.2 |
| Comparative example 1 | Is free of | 1.56 | 85.5 | 84 |
| Comparative example 2 | Is free of | 3.46 | 86 | 84 |
The test results in table 1 show that the lithium ion conductivity of the separator is significantly improved and the quick charge capacity of the lithium ion battery is improved by introducing the polymer material with-COOLi groups into the separator.
The above description is directed to exemplary embodiments of the present invention. However, the scope of protection of the present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A diaphragm is characterized by comprising a diaphragm base material and a coating, wherein the coating contains a high polymer material which contains-COOLi groups; the lithium ion content in the coating is 0.0092 wt% -0.58 wt%; at least one side of the separator substrate contains the coating layer.
2. The separator according to claim 1, wherein the polymer material is selected from polymer materials in which at least a part of the repeating units have-COOLi groups in side chains.
3. The separator according to claim 2, wherein the polymer material is a polymer containing a compound of lithium polycarboxylic acid represented by the following formula 2:
r (COOLi) n is represented by the formula 2,
wherein n is more than 1 and less than or equal to 12; r is selected from aromatic hydrocarbon group or aliphatic group containing double bonds.
4. The separator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the polymer material contains lithium ions in an amount of 0.01 to 15 wt%.
5. A membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the polymer material is at least one selected from a carboxymethyl cellulose polymer with-COOLi groups on side chains of at least part of repeating units, a (meth) acrylic polymer with-COOLi groups on side chains of at least part of repeating units, a styrene-butadiene rubber polymer with-COOLi groups on side chains of at least part of repeating units, a (meth) acrylate polymer with-COOLi groups on side chains of at least part of repeating units, a (meth) acrylamide polymer with-COOLi groups on side chains of at least part of repeating units, a (meth) acrylonitrile polymer with-COOLi groups on side chains of at least part of repeating units, and an epoxy resin polymer with-COOLi groups on side chains of at least part of repeating units.
6. Separator according to claim 5, characterized in that the polymeric material is selected from lithium carboxymethyl cellulose; the lithium ion content in the carboxymethyl cellulose lithium is more than or equal to 2 wt%.
7. The separator according to claim 5, wherein the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of lithium (meth) acrylate- (meth) acrylic polymers; the lithium (meth) acrylate- (meth) acrylic polymer contains 2.0 to 15.0 wt% of lithium ions.
8. The separator according to claim 5, wherein the polymer material is selected from styrene-butadiene rubber-based polymers having-COOLi groups in side chains of at least a part of the repeating units, and lithium-rich lithium polycarboxylic acid is copolymerized in the styrene-butadiene rubber-based polymers; the content of lithium ions in the styrene-butadiene rubber polymer is 0.05-1.0 wt%.
9. The separator according to claim 1, wherein the separator substrate is selected from a single-layer or multi-layer composite separator;
and/or the separator substrate is selected from PP and/or PE;
and/or the thickness of the diaphragm substrate is 3-20 μm.
10. A lithium ion battery comprising the separator of any one of claims 1-9.
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| CN112234314A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-15 | 佛山市金辉高科光电材料股份有限公司 | Composite slurry, lithium battery diaphragm and preparation method and application of lithium battery diaphragm |
| CN112467309A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-03-09 | 惠州锂威新能源科技有限公司 | Diaphragm and electrochemical device |
| CN112688028A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-20 | 惠州锂威新能源科技有限公司 | Diaphragm for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104852006A (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2015-08-19 | 江苏华东锂电技术研究院有限公司 | Composite diaphragm and preparation method therefor, and lithium ion battery |
| CN109616604A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-04-12 | 珠海光宇电池有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of macroion conduction battery diaphragm and lithium ion battery containing the diaphragm |
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