CN114335349A

CN114335349A - Efficient ternary organic solar cell capable of being used as power generation window and power generation window

Info

Publication number: CN114335349A
Application number: CN202111657254.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李昌治; 王迪
Original assignee: Zhejiang University ZJU
Current assignee: Zhejiang University ZJU
Priority date: 2021-12-30
Filing date: 2021-12-30
Publication date: 2022-04-12

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency ternary organic solar cell capable of being used as a power generation window and the power generation window. The semitransparent type solar cell comprises a substrate, an anode modification layer, a ternary active layer, a cathode modification layer and a cathode which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein the semitransparent type solar cell also comprises an optical turn-back layer arranged on the cathode, and the ternary active layer is composed of an electron donor and a blend film consisting of two non-fullerene alloy receptors with similar structures. The invention adopts BO-4Cl and m-BTP-PhC6 alloy to realize controllable adjustment of energy level and morphology, and realizes 18.61% energy conversion efficiency (PCE) in opaque devices. In addition, after the corresponding semitransparent organic solar cell adopts means of optimizing the proportion of the donor and the acceptor, increasing an optical turn-back layer and the like, indexes of efficiency over 11%, infrared thermal insulation coefficient (IRR)0.90, Color Rendering Index (CRI)90 and human eye visible transmittance (AVT) 32% are obtained, and the semitransparent organic solar cell meets the performance requirements of a visible transparent power generation window.

Description

Efficient ternary organic solar cell capable of being used as power generation window and power generation window

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of solar cells, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency ternary organic solar cell capable of being used as a power generation window and the power generation window.

Background

Organic Solar Cells (OSCs), which employ solution processable, adjustable light absorbing organic active layers, are a clean energy technology of great interest, which can be applied to new integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) buildings, such as power generating windows. This is a promising but unrealized BIPV scenario, in which a translucent organic solar cell (ST-OSC) is used instead of architectural glass, and power can be generated in sunlight while ensuring that the ST-OSC has the same aesthetics as architectural glass (nat. energy 2,17104 (2017)).

In recent years, great progress has been made in improving the energy conversion efficiency (PCE) and the visibility function of ST-OSC, the highest index of PCE can exceed 10% at 40% Average Visible Transparency (AVT) (proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a.117,21147-21154 (2020)). However, the demands on architectural aesthetics are not only equal to the AVT parameters, but also require high fidelity, i.e. excellent Color Rendering Index (CRI) for different colors (Adv. Mater.31,1807159 (2019); Adv. Mater.31,1903173 (2019)). In addition to optical properties, a high efficiency ST-OSC as a power generating window needs to have a function of high efficiency infrared photon reflection (IRR) for energy saving and thermal insulation (adv. mater.32,2001621 (2020)). To obtain a balance of power generation performance and aesthetic index, the use of different donor-acceptor ratios and the addition of optical fold-back layers are some of the commonly used strategies (adv. funct. mater.30,2002181 (2020)). However, the indexes of building aesthetics (AVT, CRI), thermal Insulation (IRR) and efficient power generation (PCE) which are necessary for power generation windows meeting practical application are complex mutual restriction relations, and at present, a relatively ideal balance is difficult to achieve. Therefore, designing multifunctional ST-OSCs still presents significant challenges.

Based on the situation, the high-efficiency semitransparent organic solar cell with heat preservation, heat insulation and building aesthetics is constructed through proper optical regulation, and the organic solar cell has important research and application values.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a high-efficiency ternary organic solar cell which can be used as a power generation window and the power generation window.

The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:

in a first aspect, the invention provides a high-efficiency ternary organic solar cell capable of being used as a power generation window, wherein the solar cell is opaque and comprises a substrate, an anode modification layer, a ternary active layer, a cathode modification layer and a cathode which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top; the ternary active layer is composed of a blended film consisting of an electron donor and a non-fullerene alloy acceptor (consisting of two non-fullerene acceptors), and the thickness of the cathode is 60-200 nm.

Preferably, the thickness of the ternary active layer is 100-300 nm.

In a second aspect, the invention provides a high-efficiency ternary organic solar cell capable of being used as a power generation window, wherein the solar cell is semitransparent and comprises a substrate, an anode modification layer, a ternary active layer, a cathode modification layer, a cathode and an optical turn-back layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top; the ternary active layer is composed of a blended film consisting of an electron donor and a non-fullerene alloy acceptor, and the thickness of the cathode is 10-20 nm.

Preferably, the thickness of the ternary active layer is 30 to 150 nm.

Preferably, the optical folding layer comprises a first molybdenum trioxide layer, a lithium fluoride layer and a second molybdenum trioxide layer which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top; the thickness of the first molybdenum trioxide layer, the lithium fluoride layer and the second molybdenum trioxide layer is 30 (0-200): 200-0), the unit is nm, and the preferable thickness is 30:130: 60.

Preferably in either the first or second aspect, the electron donor is a wide bandgap polymer donor (PM6) and the non-fullerene alloy acceptor is composed of BO-4Cl and m-BTP-PhC 6; the chemical structures of PM6, BO-4Cl and m-BTP-PhC6 are as follows:

further, the weight ratio of PM6, BO-4Cl and m-BTP-PhC6 is 1:0.36:0.84, the thickness of the ternary active layer of the opaque solar cell (as described in the first aspect) is about 100nm, and the thickness of the cathode is 100 nm; the thickness of the ternary active layer of the semi-transparent solar cell (as described in the second aspect) is about 70nm and the cathode thickness is 16 nm.

Preferably, in the ternary active layer according to the first or second aspect, the weight ratio of the electron donor to the non-fullerene alloy acceptor is 1:0.8 to 1: 3.

Preferably, the additive chloroform solvent is added to the ternary active layer to facilitate spin coating of the material on the anode modification layer, wherein the volume of the additive is 0.4% of the volume of the solution of the ternary active layer.

Preferably, the ternary active layer is spin-coated on the anode modification layer, and then annealing is performed at 25-100 ℃ for 8-50 min.

As the optimization of the first aspect or the second aspect, the substrate material is glass, the anode material is indium tin oxide, the anode modification layer material is PEDOT: PSS-TA, the cathode modification layer material is Bis-FIMG, and the cathode is silver. Wherein, the PEDOT PSS-TA is prepared by adding 0.7mg/ml Tyramine (TA) into the PEDOT PSS with the batch number of Baytron P AI 4083. Bis-FIMG can be prepared according to the document org.chem.Front.5, 2845-2851(2018).

Preferably, in the first aspect or the second aspect, the thickness of the anode is 80 to 200nm, the thickness of the anode modification layer is 10 to 30nm, the thickness of the cathode modification layer is 5 to 20nm, and the thickness of the cathode is 10nm to 200 nm.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides a power generating window comprising at least one high efficiency ternary organic solar cell as in the first or second aspect. For example, a pattern design may be performed over a large area using a translucent solar cell as described in the second aspect, or using an opaque solar cell as described in the first aspect.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the two non-fullerene receptors BO-4Cl and m-BTP-PhC6 adopted by the invention have excellent compatibility, and can realize controllable regulation on the non-fullerene receptors in the aspects of energy level, crystallinity, aggregation behavior and the like during blending. The ternary system obtained by blending the two with the wide-bandgap polymer donor material PM6 can have the advantages of higher hole transfer speed, more balanced hole/electron migration ratio, less recombination and better phase morphology.

The ternary organic solar cell prepared by the invention and adopting the donor-acceptor weight ratio of 1:1.2 can realize the high efficiency of 18.61% (the open-circuit voltage is 0.868V, and the short-circuit current density is 26.99 mA/cm)²The fill factor is 79.49% and the PCE is 18.61%). Is obviously superior to the corresponding binary organic solar cell (PM6: m-BTP-PhC6, the open-circuit voltage is 0.876V, and the short-circuit current density is 25.27mA/cm²The fill factor was 79.83% and the PCE was 17.65%), the efficiency of this ternary device was also certified at the kyoto metrological academy of sciences, with an efficiency of 18.3%. The slight difference in efficiency of the devices described above is due to the difference in the measurement sites of the devices, but it can still be seen that the devices of the present invention have excellent effects.

The invention also applies the ternary system to the field of translucency, 1) the efficiency of 13.05% (open circuit voltage is 0.878V, short circuit current density is 19.35 mA/cm) can be prepared by adopting the processing with the weight ratio of 1:1.2 of donor to acceptor²A semi-transparent device with a fill factor of 76.90%, PCE of 13.05%) 19.32% AVT, a CRI of 73, and an IRR of 0.88; 2) a modification of the weight ratio of 1:1.5 to the acceptor (BO-4Cl content remains 30% of the total amount of acceptor) made it possible to obtain an efficiency of 12.78% (open circuit voltage 0.872V, short circuit current density 18.72 mA/cm)²A translucent device with a fill factor of 78.44%, PCE of 12.78%) AVT of 21.00%, CRI of 73, IRR of 0.88; 3) correction for 1:1.5 by weight of acceptor (BO-4Cl content remains 30% of the total amount of acceptor) while increasing MoO₃/LiF/MoO₃The efficiency of the folded layer (thickness: 30nm:130nm:60nm) was 11.18% (open circuit voltage: 0.849V, short circuit current density: 16.96 mA/cm)²Fill factor of 78.24%, PCE of 11.18%) AVT of 32.07%, CRI of 90, IRR of 0.90.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a current-voltage curve of the binary and ternary organic solar cells in example 1 under illumination.

Fig. 2 is an EQE spectrum of the binary and ternary organic solar cell in example 1.

Fig. 3 is a current-voltage curve of the ternary organic solar cell obtained in example 2 under illumination.

FIG. 4 is a graph of the efficiency of the light absorbing and opaque ternary device of example 3 with the donor to acceptor ratio.

FIG. 5 is a current-voltage curve for the ternary semitransparent solar cell of example 4 using different weight ratios of donor to acceptor (1: 1.2; 1: 1.5; 1: 1.8).

FIG. 6 is a graph of EQE spectrum of the ternary semitransparent solar cell of example 4 using different weight ratios of donor to acceptor (1: 1.2; 1: 1.5; 1:1.8) when BO-4Cl accounts for 30% of the total acceptor content.

Fig. 7 is a current-voltage curve of the ternary translucent solar cell of example 5.

FIG. 8 shows the EQE and QUE spectra of the ternary translucent solar cell of example 5.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further elucidated and described with reference to the drawings and the detailed description. The technical features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined correspondingly without mutual conflict.

Example 1

In this embodiment, two binary solar cells and one ternary solar cell (opaque) are prepared to prove the superiority of the ternary solar cell of the present invention, which is specifically as follows:

sequentially carrying out ultrasonic oscillation cleaning on transparent conductive glass with strip-shaped ITO (anode) etched on the surface by using a cleaning agent, deionized water, acetone and isopropanol, drying, and then carrying out ultraviolet ozone treatment for 15 minutes; then, a layer of PEDOT, PSS-TA, 10nm thick was spin-coated on the surface of the conductive glass at 4500rpm, and then annealed at 170 ℃ for 20 minutes. Then the tablets were transferred to a glove box and a binary system (PM6: BO-4Cl and PM6: m-BTP-PhC6) with a weight ratio of 1:1.2 and a ternary system (PM6: m-BTP-PhC6: BO-4Cl) with a weight ratio of 1:0.36:0.84 were added to give a total acceptor concentration of 17.5mg/mL with 0.4% Chloronaphthalene (CN) or 0.25% 1, 8-Diiodooctane (DIO) to prepare Chloronaphthalene (CN)And (3) carrying out spin coating on the solvent-imitated mixed solution at the rotating speed of 3000rpm for 40 seconds to respectively obtain a binary or ternary active layer with the thickness of 100 nm. The active layers were annealed at 85 ℃ for 8 min. Then, a 10nm thick Bis-FIMG transmission layer (cathode modification layer) was spin-coated on the active layer with 1mg/mL Bis-FIMG methanol solution. Finally, a layer of 100nm thick Ag electrode (cathode) is evaporated by an evaporator, so that three effective areas of 9.25mm are obtained²The organic solar cell (two of which are binary organic solar cells and one is a ternary organic solar cell) is matched with 5.979mm in test²And testing the mask.

The illumination intensity is 100mW/cm²The current-voltage curves of the three devices are tested under the simulated sunlight irradiation of the AM1.5 shown in the figure 1. Wherein the thickness of the active layer of the PM6: m-BTP-phC6 binary battery and the PM6: BO-4Cl binary battery is about 100nm, and the donor in the active layer is as follows: the total weight ratio of acceptors was 1: 1.2. The thickness of the active layer of the ternary battery is about 100nm, and the total weight ratio of PM6 to BO-4Cl to m-BTP-phC6 in the active layer is 1:0.36: 0.84. The ternary battery of PM6: m-BTP-phC6 and PM6: BO-4Cl: m-BTP-phC6 was prepared by adding Chloronaphthalene (CN) accounting for 0.4 percent of the volume of the solution of the active layer. PM6 BO-4Cl binary battery is prepared by adding 1, 8-Diiodomethane (DIO) accounting for 0.25 percent of the volume of the solution of the active layer. All three batteries were annealed at 85 ℃ for 8 min.

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the binary device PM6 m-BTP-PhC6 has an open circuit voltage of 0.876V and a short circuit current density of 25.27mA/cm²The fill factor is 79.83%, and the PCE is 17.65%. The binary device PM6 BO-4Cl has an open-circuit voltage of 0.845V and a short-circuit current density of 27.18mA/cm²The fill factor is 77.64%, and the PCE is 17.83%. The open-circuit voltage of the ternary device is 0.868V, and the short-circuit current density is 26.99mA/cm²The fill factor is 79.49% and the PCE is 18.61%. Therefore, the related performance of the ternary solar cell is superior to that of two binary solar cells.

FIG. 2 shows the three devices at an illumination intensity of 100mW/cm²AM1.5 of (a) simulates the external quantum efficiency curve under solar radiation. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the EQE response of the ternary device is higher than that of the binary deviceAnd (3) a component. Therefore, the ternary device has the possibility of higher efficiency.

Example 2

Ternary solar cells (opaque) with different BO-4Cl ratios (the ratio of BO-4Cl in a non-fullerene alloy acceptor is changed from 15% to 80%) were prepared in this example to investigate the effect of the BO-4Cl content on the performance of the ternary solar cells, and the specific steps are as follows:

sequentially carrying out ultrasonic oscillation cleaning on transparent conductive glass with strip-shaped ITO (anode) etched on the surface by using a cleaning agent, deionized water, acetone and isopropanol, drying, and then carrying out ultraviolet ozone treatment for 15 minutes; then, a layer of PEDOT, PSS-TA, 10nm thick was spin-coated on the surface of the conductive glass at 4500rpm, and then annealed at 170 ℃ for 20 minutes. Then, the sheet was transferred to a glove box, and a chloroform solvent mixture prepared by adding 0.4% Chloronaphthalene (CN) to 17.5mg/mL of a ternary system of PM6: m-BTP-PhC6: BO-4Cl in which the total weight ratio of the acceptor is 1:1.2 (wherein the ratio of BO-4Cl in the non-fullerene alloy acceptor is changed from 15% to 80%) and the total concentration of the acceptor was 17.5mg/mL was spin-coated at 3000rpm for 40 seconds to obtain an active layer having a thickness of 100 nm. The active layer was annealed at 850 ℃ for 8 min. Then, a 10nm thick Bis-FIMG transmission layer was spin-coated on the active layer with 1mg/mL Bis-FIMG methanol solution. Finally, a 100nm thick Ag electrode (cathode) was evaporated using an evaporator to obtain an effective area of 9.25mm²The organic solar cell is matched with 5.979mm in test²And testing the mask.

The illumination intensity is 100mW/cm²The current-voltage curve of the device is tested under the simulated sunlight irradiation, and is shown in fig. 3. The thickness of an active layer of the battery is about 100nm, Chloronaphthalene (CN) accounting for 0.4 percent of the volume of the solution of the active layer is added during preparation, the total weight ratio of PM6 to non-fullerene alloy acceptors (BO-4Cl and m-BTP-phC6) in the active layer is 1:1.2, wherein the ratio of BO-4Cl in the non-fullerene alloy acceptors is changed from 15 percent to 80 percent, and the battery is subjected to annealing treatment at 85 ℃ for 8 min.

As can be seen from FIG. 3, the open circuit voltage of ternary PM6: m-BTP-PhC6: BO-4Cl (15%) is 0.869V, and the short circuit current density is 26.16mA/cm²The fill factor is 80.66% and the PCE is 18.31%. The open-circuit voltage of the ternary device PM6: m-BTP-PhC6: BO-4Cl (50%) is 0.861V, and the short-circuit current density is 26.62mA/cm²The fill factor is 79.12%, and the PCE is 18.13%. The open-circuit voltage of the ternary device PM6: m-BTP-PhC6: BO-4Cl (80%) is 0.847V, and the short-circuit current density is 27.37 mA/cm²The fill factor is 77.98%, and the PCE is 18.08%. It can be seen that different amounts of BO-4Cl in the acceptor have an effect on the performance of the solar cell, and the best performance is obtained when BO-4Cl is 30% of the acceptor (i.e., the total weight ratio of PM6: BO-4Cl: m-BTP-phC6 as described in example 1 is 1:0.36:0.84) in combination with the performance of the solar cell obtained in example 1.

Example 3

In this example, ternary solar cells (opaque) with different donor-acceptor ratios (1: 1.2; 1: 1.5; 1:1.8) were prepared to investigate the influence of different donor-acceptor ratios on the light absorption and power generation performance of the ternary solar cells, which is as follows:

directly on a glass substrate, adding 0.4% Chloronaphthalene (CN) into a chloroform solvent mixed solution prepared by adding a ternary system of PM6: m-BTP-PhC6: BO-4Cl, wherein the weight ratio of a donor to an acceptor is 1:1.2, 1:1.5 and 1:1.8, and the total concentration is 17.5mg/mL, and spin-coating at the rotating speed of 4000rpm for 40 seconds to obtain an active layer with the thickness of 90nm (which is the absorption change diagram prepared in the preparation of figure 4 and does not need to be made into a device).

In UV absorption testing of spin-coated films (glass substrates) of different donor masses, it was found that the peak at 625nm (mainly donor absorption) in the active layer decreases with increasing mass fraction of the acceptor in the active layer (from 1:1.2 to 1: 1.8).

In addition, after the transparent conductive glass with the strip-shaped ITO (anode) etched on the surface is sequentially cleaned by ultrasonic oscillation by using a cleaning agent, deionized water, acetone and isopropanol, the transparent conductive glass is dried and then treated by ultraviolet ozone for 15 minutes; then, a layer of PEDOT, PSS-TA, 10nm thick was spin-coated on the surface of the conductive glass at 4500rpm, and then annealed at 170 ℃ for 20 minutes. The sheets were then transferred to a glove box and the ternary system PM6: m-BTP-PhC6: BO-4Cl was added in a donor to acceptor mass ratio of 1:1.2, 1:1.5, 1:1.8, adding 0.4% Chloronaphthalene (CN) into a chloroform solvent mixed solution with the total receptor concentration of 17.5mg/mL, and spin-coating at the rotating speed of 4000rpm for 40 seconds to obtain an active layer with the thickness of 100 nm. The active layer was then annealed at 85 ℃ for 8 min. Then, a 10nm thick Bis-FIMG transmission layer was spin-coated on the active layer with 1mg/mL Bis-FIMG methanol solution. Finally, a 100nm thick Ag electrode (cathode) was evaporated using an evaporator to obtain an effective area of 9.25mm²The organic solar cell is matched with 5.979mm in test²And testing the mask.

The illumination intensity is 100mW/cm²AM1.5 of (1) test the efficiency of the light absorbing and opaque ternary device of the active layer as a function of the ratio of donor to acceptor, as shown in fig. 4. As can be seen from the graph, the current-voltage curve of the device was tested to give a 1:1.2 mass ratio of acceptor, with an open circuit voltage of 0.868V and a short circuit current density of 26.99mA/cm²The fill factor is 79.49% and the PCE is 18.61%. The current-voltage curve of the device with the mass ratio of the donor to the acceptor being 1:1.5 is tested, the open-circuit voltage is 0.869V, and the short-circuit current density is 27.06mA/cm²The fill factor is 78.31% and the PCE is 18.32%. The current-voltage curve of the device with the mass ratio of the donor to the acceptor being 1:1.8 is tested, the open-circuit voltage is 0.864V, and the short-circuit current density is 26.54mA/cm²The fill factor is 79.41% and the PCE is 18.13%.

The above results show that increasing the acceptor ratio increases the transmission of visible light but slightly reduces the efficiency of the device.

Example 4

In this example, ternary solar cells (semi-transparent) with different donor-acceptor ratios (1: 1.2; 1: 1.5; 1:1.8) were prepared to investigate the effect of different donor-acceptor ratios on the performance of the ternary solar cells, as follows:

sequentially carrying out ultrasonic oscillation cleaning on transparent conductive glass with strip-shaped ITO (anode) etched on the surface by using a cleaning agent, deionized water, acetone and isopropanol, drying, and then carrying out ultraviolet ozone treatment for 15 minutes; then, a layer of PEDOT, PSS-TA, 10nm thick was spin-coated on the surface of the conductive glass at 4500rpm, and then annealed at 170 ℃ for 20 minutes. Is connected withThen the sheet was transferred to a glove box, and a 70nm thick active layer was obtained by adding 0.4% Chloronaphthalene (CN) to a chloroform solvent mixture of a ternary system of PM6: m-BTP-PhC6: BO-4Cl at a donor-acceptor mass ratio of 1:1.2, 1:1.5, and 1:1.8 and a donor-acceptor total concentration of 16mg/mL for 40 seconds at 4500 rpm. The active layer was then annealed at 85 ℃ for 8 min. Then, a 10nm thick Bis-FIMG transmission layer was spin-coated on the active layer with 1mg/mL Bis-FIMG methanol solution. Finally, a 16nm thick Ag electrode (cathode) was evaporated using an evaporator to obtain an effective area of 4mm²A translucent organic solar cell.

The illumination intensity is 100mW/cm²The efficiency of the semitransparent solar cell device is tested under the simulated sunlight irradiation of the AM1.5, and the result is shown in FIG. 5. The thickness of the active layer of the battery is about 70nm, Chloronaphthalene (CN) accounting for 0.4% of the volume of the solution of the active layer is added during preparation, 8min of annealing treatment at 85 ℃ is carried out, and the thickness of the ultrathin silver is 16 nm.

As can be seen from the graph, in order to give the current-voltage curve of the device at the acceptor mass ratio of 1:1.2, the open-circuit voltage is 0.878V, and the short-circuit current density is 19.35mA/cm²The fill factor is 76.90%, and the PCE is 13.05%. The test was carried out to give a current-voltage curve of the device at a mass ratio of 1:1.5 of the acceptor, an open-circuit voltage of 0.872V and a short-circuit current density of 18.72mA/cm²The fill factor is 78.44% and the PCE is 12.78%. The current-voltage curve of the device with the mass ratio of the donor to the acceptor being 1:1.8 is tested, the open-circuit voltage is 0.851V, and the short-circuit current density is 17.04mA/cm²The fill factor is 73.29% and the PCE is 10.61%.

FIG. 6 shows the illumination intensity of 100mW/cm for the corresponding device²AM1.5 of (a) simulates the external quantum efficiency curve under solar radiation. As can be seen from the figure, the higher the acceptor ratio, the higher the relative response degree in the near infrared region, and the lower the relative response in the visible region. It follows that different donor to acceptor ratios affect the efficiency and transmission of the semitransparent device.

Example 5

The ternary solar cell (semi-transparent) with the optical turn-back layer is prepared by the embodiment, and has high efficiency and high light transmission, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:

sequentially carrying out ultrasonic oscillation cleaning on transparent conductive glass with strip-shaped ITO (anode) etched on the surface by using a cleaning agent, deionized water, acetone and isopropanol, drying, and then carrying out ultraviolet ozone treatment for 15 minutes; then, a layer of PEDOT, PSS-TA, 10nm thick was spin-coated on the surface of the conductive glass at 4500rpm, and then annealed at 170 ℃ for 20 minutes. Then the sheet was transferred to a glove box, and a chloroform solvent mixture prepared by adding 0.4% Chloronaphthalene (CN) to a ternary system of PM6: m-BTP-PhC6: BO-4Cl at a donor-acceptor mass ratio of 1:1.5 and a donor-acceptor total concentration of 16mg/mL was spin-coated at 4500rpm for 40 seconds to obtain an active layer having a thickness of 70 nm. The active layer was then annealed at 85 ℃ for 8 min. Then, a 10nm thick Bis-FIMG transmission layer was spin-coated on the active layer with 1mg/mL Bis-FIMG methanol solution. Then, an Ag electrode (cathode) having a thickness of 16nm was deposited by an evaporation apparatus. Finally, 30nmMoO is evaporated on the ultrathin silver in sequence₃130nm LiF and 60nm MoO₃Thereby obtaining an effective area of 4mm²A translucent organic solar cell.

The illumination intensity is 100mW/cm²The current-voltage curve of the device is tested under the simulated sunlight irradiation, and is shown in fig. 7. Wherein, the mass ratio of the donor to the acceptor is 1:1.5, the thickness of the active layer of the battery is about 70nm, Chloronaphthalene (CN) accounting for 0.4 percent of the volume of the solution of the active layer is added during the preparation, the annealing treatment is carried out at 85 ℃ for 8min, the thickness of the ultrathin silver is 16nm, and MoO with the thickness of 30nm, 130nm and 60nm is added on the ultrathin silver₃/LiF/MoO₃A fold-back layer.

As can be seen from the graph, the open-circuit voltage of the battery was 0.849V, and the short-circuit current density was 16.96mA/cm²The fill factor is 78.24% and the PCE is 11.18%.

It follows that adding a foldback layer slightly reduces the efficiency of the semitransparent device.

FIG. 8 shows the illumination intensity of 100mW/cm for the corresponding device²AM1.5 simulated external quantum efficiency and total quantum efficiency (external quantum efficiency plus transmission) curves under solar radiation. As can be seen from fig. 8, the addition of the foldback layer effectively regulates the light transmission of the device. Therefore, the semitransparent device prepared by the turn-back layer can simultaneously obtain high efficiency and high light transmission performance.

To further explore example 4 (giving an acceptor mass ratio of 1:1.2, 16nm ultra-thin silver) and example 5 (acceptor mass ratio of 1:1.5, 16nm ultra-thin silver, with MoO)₃/LiF/MoO₃Turning layer), and also taking pictures through the devices by using a common camera and an infrared camera, wherein the results are as follows:

the result of photographing with a general camera shows that: the device obtained in example 4 exhibited a distinct cyan color for the natural photograph, while the device obtained in example 5 exhibited a higher fidelity for the natural photograph.

The results of the shooting with the infrared camera show that: the device obtained in the embodiment 5 has high infrared light blocking capability and can play a role in heat preservation and heat insulation.

The above examples show that the present invention using BO-4Cl and m-BTP-PhC6 alloys can achieve controllable adjustment of energy levels and morphology to achieve 18.61% energy conversion efficiency (PCE) in opaque devices. In addition, after the corresponding semitransparent organic solar cell adopts means of optimizing the proportion of the donor and the acceptor, increasing an optical turn-back layer and the like, indexes of efficiency over 11%, infrared thermal insulation coefficient (IRR)0.90, Color Rendering Index (CRI)90 and human eye visible transmittance (AVT) 32% are obtained, and the semitransparent organic solar cell meets the performance requirements of a visible transparent power generation window.

The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which should not be construed as limiting the invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the technical scheme obtained by adopting the mode of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation is within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency ternary organic solar cell capable of being used as a power generation window is characterized by comprising a substrate, an anode modification layer, a ternary active layer, a cathode modification layer and a cathode which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top; the ternary active layer is composed of a blended film consisting of an electron donor and a non-fullerene alloy acceptor, and the thickness of the cathode is 60-200 nm.

2. A high efficiency ternary organic solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of said ternary active layer is 80-300 nm.

3. A high-efficiency ternary organic solar cell capable of being used as a power generation window is characterized by comprising a substrate, an anode modification layer, a ternary active layer, a cathode modification layer, a cathode and an optical turn-back layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top; the ternary active layer is composed of a blended film consisting of an electron donor and a non-fullerene alloy acceptor, and the thickness of the cathode is 10-20 nm.

4. A high efficiency ternary organic solar cell according to claim 3, characterized in that the thickness of said ternary active layer is 30-150 nm.

5. The efficient ternary organic solar cell according to claim 3, wherein the optical folding layer comprises a first molybdenum trioxide layer, a lithium fluoride layer and a second molybdenum trioxide layer which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top; the thickness of the first molybdenum trioxide layer, the lithium fluoride layer and the second molybdenum trioxide layer is 30 (0-200): (200-0), unit is nm.

6. A high efficiency ternary organic solar cell according to claim 1 or 3 wherein the electron donor is PM6 and the non-fullerene alloy acceptor consists of BO-4Cl and m-BTP-PhC 6; the chemical structures of PM6, BO-4Cl and m-BTP-PhC6 are as follows:

7. a high efficiency ternary organic solar cell according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the weight ratio of electron donor to non-fullerene alloy acceptor in the ternary active layer is 1: 0.8-1: 3.

8. The efficient ternary organic solar cell according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the ternary active layer is spin-coated on the anode modification layer, and then annealing is performed at a temperature of 25-100 ℃ for 8-50 min.

9. The efficient ternary organic solar cell of claim 1 or 3, wherein the substrate material is glass, the anode material is indium tin oxide, the anode modification layer material is PEDOT: PSS-TA, the cathode modification layer material is Bis-FIMG, and the cathode is silver.

10. A power generating window comprising at least one high efficiency ternary organic solar cell of claim 1 or 3.