CN114335201A

CN114335201A - Solar panel

Info

Publication number: CN114335201A
Application number: CN202210032177.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 洪敬榔; 吕绍平
Original assignee: AU Optronics Corp
Current assignee: AU Optronics Corp
Priority date: 2021-04-01
Filing date: 2022-01-12
Publication date: 2022-04-12
Anticipated expiration: 2042-01-12
Also published as: CN114335201B

Abstract

A solar panel comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a photoelectric conversion structure, a first electrode, a second electrode and a third electrode. The second substrate is arranged opposite to the first substrate. The photoelectric conversion structure is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate and is provided with a light receiving surface facing the first substrate. The first electrode and the second electrode are arranged on at least one side of the photoelectric conversion structure, and at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is electrically connected with the photoelectric conversion structure. The third electrode is disposed between the photoelectric conversion structure and the second substrate, and is electrically insulated from the first electrode and the second electrode. The orthographic projections of the first electrode and the second electrode on the light receiving surface are completely overlapped with the orthographic projection of the third electrode on the light receiving surface.

Description

Solar panel

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a solar panel, and more particularly, to a solar panel with an antenna structure.

Background

With the commercialization of the fifth generation mobile communication technology (5G), applications such as telemedicine, VR live broadcast, 4K image live broadcast, smart home and the like have new development opportunities. Since 5G has high data rate, reduced latency, reduced energy, reduced cost, increased system capacity, and increased large-scale device connectivity, manufacturers in different fields can also perform cross-border alliances to jointly create a new generation of 5G ecochains. In order to increase the coverage of 5G millimeter waves, a reflective antenna is widely used.

Conventional reflective antennas can be classified into passive array antennas and active array antennas. The passive array antenna has a fixed electromagnetic wave receiving angle and an emitting angle due to a fixed antenna size. On the contrary, since the active array antenna has the phase modulation capability of the electromagnetic wave, the receiving angle and the emitting angle of the electromagnetic wave can be adjusted. However, both active and passive array antennas require a stable power supply, which increases the difficulty of power distribution, wiring and maintenance when such reflective antennas are installed in sparsely populated areas such as high buildings or remote mountainous areas.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a solar panel with an antenna structure, which has better erection elasticity and lower maintenance cost.

The solar panel comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a photoelectric conversion structure, a first electrode, a second electrode and a third electrode. The second substrate is arranged opposite to the first substrate. The photoelectric conversion structure is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate and is provided with a light receiving surface facing the first substrate. The first electrode and the second electrode are arranged on at least one side of the photoelectric conversion structure, and at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is electrically connected with the photoelectric conversion structure. The third electrode is disposed between the photoelectric conversion structure and the second substrate, and is electrically insulated from the first electrode and the second electrode. The orthographic projections of the first electrode and the second electrode on the light receiving surface are completely overlapped with the orthographic projection of the third electrode on the light receiving surface.

In view of the above, in the solar panel according to an embodiment of the present invention, two of the first electrode and the second electrode disposed on at least one side of the photoelectric conversion structure and the third electrode disposed between the photoelectric conversion structure and the second substrate may be used as connection electrodes for the photoelectric conversion structure and the external storage battery, and at least two of the electrodes may be used as antenna structures adapted to reflect electromagnetic waves. The antenna structure and the solar panel can be integrated through the arrangement of the electrodes, so that the power supply problem when the antenna structure is erected at a high place or a remote place of a building is solved. In other words, the antenna structure integrated with the solar panel has better installation flexibility and lower maintenance cost.

Drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is an enlarged partial view of the solar panel of figure 1.

Figure 3 is a perspective view of the solar panel of figure 2.

Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 6 is an enlarged partial view of the solar panel of figure 5.

Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to a ninth embodiment of the invention.

Figure 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the solar panel of figure 12.

Figure 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to a tenth embodiment of the invention.

Figure 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the solar panel of figure 14.

Figure 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to an eleventh embodiment of the invention.

Figure 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the solar panel of figure 16.

Description of reference numerals:

10. 10A, 20A, 20B, 30A, 30B, 40A, 50A, 60A: solar panel

101: first substrate

102: second substrate

103: third substrate

105: low dielectric loss substrate

110P: a first electrode

120P: second electrode

111. 111A, 111B: a first strip electrode

111p 1: the first part

111p 2: the second part

112. 121, 121A, 121B: second strip-shaped electrode

123. 141: third strip electrode

125: strip-shaped electrode

150. 150A, 150B: photoelectric conversion structure

150 r: light-receiving surface

152. 152A: first type semiconductor layer

154. 154A: second type semiconductor layer

170: encapsulation layer

190. 190A: anti-reflection layer

190 OP: opening of the container

200: external storage battery

250: side frame

CL1, CL1A, CL1B, CL1C, CL 1D: first conductive layer

CL2, CL2A, CL2B, CL2C, CL 2D: second conductive layer

CL3, CL 3A: third conductive layer

CL 4: a fourth conductive layer

D1, D2, D3: direction of rotation

E1, E2: electric field

INS, INS-A, INS-B: insulating layer

LC: liquid crystal molecules

LCL, LCL-A, LCL-B, LCL-C: liquid crystal layer

I. II: region(s)

Detailed Description

As used herein, "about", "approximately", "essentially", or "substantially" includes the stated value and the average value within an acceptable range of deviation of the specified value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, taking into account the measurement in question and the specified amount of error associated with the measurement (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, "about" can mean within one or more standard deviations of the stated value, or within, for example, ± 30%, ± 20%, ± 15%, ± 10%, ± 5%. Further, as used herein, "about", "approximately", "essentially", or "substantially" may be selected with respect to measured properties, cutting properties, or other properties, to select a more acceptable range of deviation or standard deviation, and not to apply one standard deviation to all properties.

In the drawings, the thickness of layers, films, panels, regions, etc. have been exaggerated for clarity. It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to as being "on" or "connected to" another element, it can be directly on or connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on" or "directly connected to" another element, there are no intervening elements present. As used herein, "connected" may refer to physical and/or electrical connections. Further, "electrically connected" may mean that there are other elements between the two elements.

Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts.

Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is an enlarged partial view of the solar panel of figure 1. Figure 3 is a perspective view of the solar panel of figure 2. Fig. 2 and 3 correspond to region I of fig. 1. Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a solar panel 10 includes a first substrate 101, a second substrate 102, a first conductive layer CL1, a second conductive layer CL2, a third conductive layer CL3, and a photoelectric conversion structure 150. The first substrate 101 is disposed opposite to the second substrate 102. The photoelectric conversion structure 150 is disposed between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102, and has a light-receiving surface 150r facing the first substrate 101. That is, light enters solar panel 10 from the side of light receiving surface 150r of photoelectric conversion structure 150. In the embodiment, the first substrate 101 is, for example, a back plate with certain stiffness, and the second substrate 102 is, for example, a glass substrate or other suitable transparent substrate, but not limited thereto.

In this embodiment, the first conductive layer CL1 is provided on the side of the photoelectric conversion structure 150 facing the first substrate 101, and includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrodes are a plurality of first strip electrodes 111, and the second electrodes are a plurality of second strip electrodes 112. The first stripe electrodes 111 and the second stripe electrodes 112 are alternately arranged along the direction D1 and extend toward the direction D3. For example, the photoelectric conversion structure 150 may include a first type semiconductor layer 152 and a second type semiconductor layer 154, and the second type semiconductor layer 154 may be embedded in the first type semiconductor layer 152. The first type semiconductor layer 152 and the second type semiconductor layer 154 are, for example, a P type semiconductor layer and an N type semiconductor layer, but not limited thereto. In the present embodiment, the first electrode and the second electrode may be electrically connected to the first type semiconductor layer 152 and the second type semiconductor layer 154, respectively, and the first electrode and the second electrode may be electrically connected to an external storage cell 200. That is, the photoelectric conversion structure 150, the first electrode, the second electrode, and the external storage cell 200 may constitute one solar cell.

On the other hand, the third conductive layer CL3 is provided over the first substrate 101, and the first conductive layer CL1 is located between the third conductive layer CL3 and the photoelectric conversion structure 150. The second conductive layer CL2 is disposed between the first conductive layer CL1 and the third conductive layer CL3, and is electrically insulated from the first conductive layer CL 1. That is, an insulating layer INS is further provided between the first conductive layer CL1 and the second conductive layer CL 2. Here, the overlapping relationship means that projections of the two conductive layers along the direction D2 overlap. If not mentioned in the following paragraphs, the overlapping relationship between the two components is also defined by the direction D2, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

In this embodiment, the third conductive layer CL3 may be a full-surface electrode (i.e., a third electrode) covering the surface of the first substrate 101, but is not limited thereto. In particular, the second conductive layer CL2, the third conductive layer CL3, and the liquid crystal layer LCL may constitute an antenna structure for reflecting electromagnetic waves (e.g., millimeter waves) in a specific wavelength range, and the sides of the antenna structure facing the second substrate 102 are a receiving side and a radiating side of the electromagnetic waves. For example, the phase of the electromagnetic wave reflected by the antenna structure may depend on the distance between the second conductive layer CL2 and the third conductive layer CL3 along the direction D2, and the frequency thereof may depend on the size of the front projection area of the occupied area of the second conductive layer CL2 on the light receiving surface 150 r. In the present embodiment, the orthographic projections of the first conductive layer CL1 and the second conductive layer CL2 on the light receiving surface 150r completely overlap the orthographic projection of the third conductive layer CL3 on the light receiving surface 150r, and the orthographic areas of the first conductive layer CL1 and the second conductive layer CL2 are smaller than the orthographic area of the third conductive layer CL 3.

Further, the second conductive layer CL2 includes a plurality of stripe electrodes 125 disposed between the first conductive layer CL1 and the liquid crystal layer LCL. The strip electrodes 125 are respectively overlapped with the first strip electrodes 111 (i.e., first electrodes) and the second strip electrodes 112 (i.e., second electrodes). In order to make the antenna structure have the adjustability of the phase and frequency of the reflected electromagnetic wave, a liquid crystal layer LCL may be further disposed between the second conductive layer CL2 and the third conductive layer CL3, and the electric field E1 generated between the strip-shaped electrodes 125 of the second conductive layer CL2 and the third conductive layer CL3 may be used to drive a plurality of liquid crystal molecules LC of the liquid crystal layer LCL to rotate.

When electromagnetic waves (e.g., millimeter waves) irradiate the antenna structure of the solar panel 10 from one side of the second substrate 102, an induced current having a specific resonant frequency is generated in the induction loop formed by the second conductive layer CL2 and the third conductive layer CL 3. Since the liquid crystal layer LCL disposed between the second conductive layer CL2 and the third conductive layer CL3 can be electrically driven to change its effective dielectric constant, the length of the current path of the induced current can be electrically controlled to change, and thus the frequency and phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated (or reflected) by the antenna structure can be modulated. In the present embodiment, the third conductive layer CL3 is, for example, a metal conductive layer with a ground potential (ground), and the metal conductive layer can increase the reflectivity of the antenna structure to electromagnetic waves.

Specifically, the strip-shaped electrodes 125 of the second conductive layer CL2 can be electrically connected to the external storage battery 200. That is, the power stored by solar panels 10 can be used as a power source for the operation of the antenna structure. Therefore, the power supply problem when the antenna structure is erected at a high place or a remote place of a building can be solved, for example: the power supply, wiring and maintenance are difficult. Therefore, the antenna structure integrated with the solar panel 10 can have better installation flexibility and lower maintenance cost.

On the other hand, the third conductive layer CL3 (i.e., the third electrode) of the antenna structure can also serve as a reflective layer for external light (e.g., sunlight). Therefore, the provision of the third conductive layer CL3 can also improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photoelectric conversion structure 150B.

In the present embodiment, the solar panel 10 may further include an encapsulation layer 170 filled between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102, and the encapsulation layer 170 covers the photoelectric conversion structure 150, the first conductive layer CL1, the insulating layer INS, the second conductive layer CL2, and the third conductive layer CL 3. The material of the encapsulation layer 170 is, for example, Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA), but not limited thereto. Solar panel 10 may further include a frame 250 to hold all of the aforementioned structures, but not limited thereto.

It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the number of the photoelectric conversion structures 150 and the number of the antenna structures are exemplarily illustrated by taking one as an example, and the present invention is not limited by the disclosure of the drawings. In other embodiments, not shown, the number of the photoelectric conversion structures and the antenna structures of the solar panel can be adjusted according to the actual application requirements, for example: a plurality of photoelectric conversion structures and a plurality of antenna structures arranged in an array.

The present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to other embodiments, wherein like components are denoted by like reference numerals, and descriptions of the same technical content are omitted, and reference is made to the foregoing embodiments for omitting details.

Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 4, the solar panel 10A of the present embodiment is different from the solar panel 10 of fig. 2 in that: the first electrode and the second electrode are configured differently. In the present embodiment, the first electrode and the second electrode of the solar panel 10A may belong to different layers. For example: the first electrode and the second electrode are formed on the first conductive layer CL1A and the second conductive layer CL2A, respectively. Unlike the solar panel 10 of fig. 2, the first electrode (i.e., the plurality of first stripe electrodes 111A) of the first conductive layer CL1A of the present embodiment is embedded in the first type semiconductor layer 152 of the photoelectric conversion structure 150, and the second electrode (i.e., the plurality of second stripe electrodes 121) of the second conductive layer CL2A is electrically connected to the second type semiconductor layer 154 of the photoelectric conversion structure 150.

In this embodiment, solar panel 10A further includes a plurality of third strip electrodes 123 formed on second conductive layer CL 2A. The second stripe electrodes 121 and the third stripe electrodes 123 are alternately arranged along the direction D1. The third stripe electrodes 123 are overlapped with the first stripe electrodes 111A, and are electrically independent from the first stripe electrodes 111A through the insulating layer INS. The third stripe electrodes 123, as well as the first stripe electrodes 111A and the second stripe electrodes 121, are electrically connected to the external storage cell 200. In the present embodiment, the liquid crystal layer LCL-a is disposed between the second stripe electrodes 121 and the third stripe electrodes 123, and the electric field E2 generated between the second stripe electrodes 121 and the third stripe electrodes 123 can be used to drive the liquid crystal molecules LC of the liquid crystal layer LCL-a to rotate.

Specifically, the photoelectric conversion structure 150, the first electrode, the second electrode and the external storage cell 200 may constitute one solar cell, and the plurality of second strip electrodes 121 (i.e., the second electrodes), the plurality of third strip electrodes 123, the third conductive layer CL3 and the liquid crystal layer LCL-a may constitute one antenna structure. The third strip electrodes 123 of the second conductive layer CL2 can be electrically connected to the external storage cell 200. Thus, the power stored by solar panel 10A can be used as a power source for the operation of the antenna structure. Therefore, the power supply problem when the antenna structure is erected at a high place or a remote place of a building can be solved, for example: the power supply, wiring and maintenance are difficult. Therefore, the antenna structure integrated with the solar panel 10A can have better installation flexibility and lower maintenance cost. On the other hand, since the plurality of second strip-shaped electrodes 121 of the present embodiment can be used as the N-type electrode of the solar cell and the antenna electrode of the antenna structure at the same time, the circuit routing of the solar panel 10A can be saved.

Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 is an enlarged partial view of the solar panel of figure 5. Fig. 6 corresponds to region II of fig. 5. Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the solar panel 20 of the present embodiment is different from the solar panel 10A of fig. 4 in that: the solar cell and the antenna structure are configured differently and the photoelectric conversion structure is different.

In the present embodiment, the photoelectric conversion structure 150A is disposed between the second conductive layer CL2B and the third conductive layer CL3A, and is a stacked structure of the first-type semiconductor layer 152A and the second-type semiconductor layer 154A. The plurality of second stripe electrodes 121A (i.e., second electrodes) of the second conductive layer CL2B are embedded in the second type semiconductor layer 154A of the photoelectric conversion structure 150A and electrically connected to the second type semiconductor layer 154A to serve as N-type electrodes of the photoelectric conversion structure 150A. The third conductive layer CL3A is an electrode pattern that entirely covers the first-type semiconductor layer 152A of the photoelectric conversion structure 150A. Unlike the previous embodiments, the third conductive layer CL3A of the present embodiment can be electrically connected to the external storage cell 200 and serves as a P-type electrode of the photoelectric conversion structure 150A.

On the other hand, the partial electrode of the antenna structure of the present embodiment is disposed on the light receiving surface 150r side of the photoelectric conversion structure 150A. For example: first conductive layer CL1B is provided on second substrate 102. In order to ensure the electrical independence between the first conductive layer CL1B and the second conductive layer CL2B, the encapsulation layer 170 further fills between the two conductive layers. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the surface of the second stripe electrodes 121B of the second conductive layer CL2C of the solar panel 20A facing the first conductive layer CL1B may be covered with the insulating layer INS-A, and the first conductive layer CL1B and the liquid crystal layer LCL-B may be directly disposed on the insulating layer INS-A (as shown in fig. 7). In yet another embodiment, a third substrate 103 (shown in fig. 8) can be disposed between the second conductive layer CL2C and the first conductive layer CL1B of the solar panel 20B. The material of the third substrate 103 includes, for example, glass or other suitable transparent plate.

Referring to fig. 6, in the present embodiment, the first stripe electrodes of the first conductive layer CL1B can be divided into a first portion 111p1 and a second portion 111p 2. The first strip electrodes of the first portion 111p1 and the first strip electrodes of the second portion 111p2 are alternately arranged along the direction D1. The liquid crystal layer LCL-B is arranged between the first strip electrodes, and an electric field E2 generated between any two adjacent first strip electrodes can be used for driving a plurality of liquid crystal molecules LC of the liquid crystal layer LCL-B to rotate so as to change the effective dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer LCL-B. Accordingly, the frequency and phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated (or reflected) by the antenna structure can be changed.

Specifically, the photoelectric conversion structure 150A, the second electrode, the third conductive layer CL3A, and the external storage cell 200 may constitute one solar cell, and the first and second portions 111p1 and 111p2 of the plurality of first strip-shaped electrodes (i.e., the first electrodes), the third conductive layer CL3A, and the liquid crystal layer LCL-B may constitute one antenna structure. The first strip electrodes of the first conductive layer CL1B can be electrically connected to the external storage battery 200. Thus, the power stored by the solar panels 20 can be used as a power source for the operation of the antenna structure. Therefore, the power supply problem when the antenna structure is erected at a high place or a remote place of a building can be solved, for example: the power supply, wiring and maintenance are difficult. Therefore, the antenna structure integrated with the solar panel 20 can have better installation flexibility and lower maintenance cost.

On the other hand, since the third conductive layer CL3A of the present embodiment can be used as both the P-type electrode of the solar cell and the antenna electrode of the antenna structure, the circuit trace of the solar panel 20 can be saved. In addition, the phase of the electromagnetic wave reflected by the antenna structure of the solar panel 20 may depend on the distance between the second conductive layer CL2B and the third conductive layer CL3A along the direction D2.

Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 9, the solar panel 30 of the present embodiment and the solar panel 20 of fig. 6 are mainly different in that: the liquid crystal layer of the antenna structure is driven in different ways. In the present embodiment, the liquid crystal layer LCL-C is disposed between the first conductive layer CL1C and the second conductive layer CL 2B. More specifically, the liquid crystal layer LCL-C is disposed between any two adjacent ones of the first strip-shaped electrodes 111B (i.e., the first electrodes) and the second strip-shaped electrodes 121A (i.e., the second electrodes), and the electric field E1 generated between the first strip-shaped electrodes 111B and the second strip-shaped electrodes 121A is used to drive the liquid crystal molecules LC of the liquid crystal layer LCL-C to rotate, so as to change the effective dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer LCL-C. Accordingly, the frequency and phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated (or reflected) by the antenna structure can be changed.

On the other hand, the solar panel 30 may further include a plurality of third strip electrodes 141 overlapping the plurality of second strip electrodes 121A. These third strip electrodes 141 are formed in the fourth conductive layer CL4 between the first conductive layer CL1C and the second conductive layer CL2B, and directly contact the second conductive layer CL 2B. That is, the second conductive layer CL2B and the fourth conductive layer CL4 of the present embodiment are at the same potential and electrically coupled to the external storage battery 200. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, a surface of the second stripe electrodes 121B of the second conductive layer CL2C of the solar panel 30A facing the fourth conductive layer CL4 may be covered with the insulating layer INS-B, and the fourth conductive layer CL4 may be directly disposed on the insulating layer INS-B (as shown in fig. 10). In yet another embodiment, a third substrate 103 (shown in fig. 11) can be disposed between the second conductive layer CL2C and the first conductive layer CL1C of the solar panel 30B. The material of the third substrate 103 includes, for example, glass or other suitable transparent plate.

With reference to fig. 9, it should be understood that, in another embodiment of the solar panel 30, which is not shown, the second strip-shaped electrode 121A and the third strip-shaped electrode 141 overlapping each other may also be integrated. Alternatively, the solar panel may omit the fourth conductive layer CL4, and the second conductive layer CL2B may be used as both the antenna electrode of the antenna structure and the N-type electrode of the solar cell. Therefore, circuit wiring of the solar panel is saved.

Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to a ninth embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 12, the solar panel 40 of the present embodiment is mainly different from the solar panel 10 of fig. 2 in that: the solar panel 40 does not have the liquid crystal layer LCL and the second conductive layer CL2 of fig. 2. More specifically, the antenna structure of the solar panel 40 of the present embodiment is composed of only the first conductive layer CL1 and the third conductive layer CL 3. Therefore, the phase and frequency of the electromagnetic wave reflected by the antenna structure of the present embodiment cannot be electrically controlled and modulated. That is, unlike the reflective antenna structure of fig. 2 in which the antenna structure is active, the antenna structure of the present embodiment is a passive reflective antenna structure. On the other hand, in order to reduce the reflection of external light (e.g., sunlight) on the light-receiving surface 150r of the photoelectric conversion structure 150B, the solar panel 40 may further optionally include an anti-reflection layer 190 covering the light-receiving surface 150r, but not limited thereto.

On the other hand, the third conductive layer CL3 (i.e., the third electrode) of the antenna structure can serve as a reflective layer for external light (e.g., sunlight). Therefore, the provision of the third conductive layer CL3 can also improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photoelectric conversion structure 150B.

Further, based on the structure of the solar panel 40 shown in fig. 12, a low dielectric loss substrate 105 (as shown in the solar panel 40A shown in fig. 13) may be further disposed between the first conductive layer CL1 and the third conductive layer CL3, and the low dielectric loss substrate 105 includes, for example, a Rogers substrate. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. According to other embodiments, the low dielectric loss substrate 105 may also be replaced with an air gap (air gap).

Figure 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to a tenth embodiment of the invention. Figure 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the solar panel of figure 14. Referring to fig. 14, the solar panel 50 of the present embodiment is mainly different from the solar panel 40 of fig. 12 in that: the photoelectric conversion structure is different and the number of conductive layers is different. Specifically, the photoelectric conversion structure 150A of the solar panel 50 is a stacked structure of a first-type semiconductor layer 152A and a second-type semiconductor layer 154A, and the photoelectric conversion structure 150A is provided with a first conductive layer CL1D and a second conductive layer CL2D along two opposite sides of the direction D2. The second conductive layer CL2D is located between the photoelectric conversion structure 150A and the third conductive layer CL3 (i.e., the third electrode).

In the present embodiment, the first conductive layer CL1D and the second conductive layer CL2D are each a single patterned electrode (i.e., the first electrode 110P and the second electrode 120P). It is particularly noted that the first electrode 110P, the second electrode 120P and the third electrode are sequentially arranged from small to large in the orthographic projection area of the light-receiving surface 150r as the first electrode 110P, the second electrode 120P and the third electrode. Compared with an antenna structure with only a single electrode layer, the antenna structure formed by stacking a plurality of electrode layers with different sizes can have a wider bandwidth of reflection frequency. On the other hand, unlike the solar panel 40 of fig. 12, the anti-reflection layer 190A of the present embodiment may have an opening 190OP, and the first electrode 110P is disposed in the opening 190OP of the anti-reflection layer 190A. That is, the antireflection layer 190A covers only a part of the light-receiving surface 150r of the photoelectric conversion structure 150A.

Further, based on the structure of the solar panel 50 shown in fig. 14, a low dielectric loss substrate 105 (as shown in the solar panel 50A shown in fig. 15) may be further disposed between the second conductive layer CL2D and the third conductive layer CL3, and the low dielectric loss substrate 105 includes, for example, a Rogers substrate. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. According to other embodiments, the low dielectric loss substrate 105 may also be replaced with an air gap (air gap).

Figure 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar panel according to an eleventh embodiment of the invention. Figure 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the solar panel of figure 16.

Referring to fig. 16, the solar panel 60 of the present embodiment is different from the solar panel 50 of fig. 14 in that: the first electrode 110P of the solar panel 60 is embedded in the second-type semiconductor layer 154A of the photoelectric conversion structure 150A, thereby increasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photoelectric conversion structure 150A. More specifically, the first electrode 110P of the solar panel 60 is coplanar with the light receiving surface 150r of the photoelectric conversion structure 150A.

Further, based on the structure of the solar panel 60 shown in fig. 16, a low dielectric loss substrate 105 (as shown in the solar panel 60A shown in fig. 17) may be further disposed between the second conductive layer CL2D and the third conductive layer CL3, and the low dielectric loss substrate 105 includes, for example, a Rogers substrate. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. According to other embodiments, the low dielectric loss substrate 105 may also be replaced with an air gap (air gap).

In summary, in the solar panel according to an embodiment of the invention, two of the first electrode and the second electrode disposed on at least one side of the photoelectric conversion structure and the third electrode disposed between the photoelectric conversion structure and the second substrate can be used as connection electrodes for the photoelectric conversion structure and the external storage cell, and at least two of the electrodes can be used as antenna structures adapted to reflect electromagnetic waves. The antenna structure and the solar panel can be integrated through the arrangement of the electrodes, so that the power supply problem when the antenna structure is erected at a high place or a remote place of a building is solved. In other words, the antenna structure integrated with the solar panel has better installation flexibility and lower maintenance cost.

Claims

1. A solar panel, comprising:

a first substrate;

a second substrate arranged opposite to the first substrate;

the photoelectric conversion structure is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate and is provided with a light receiving surface facing the first substrate;

a first electrode and a second electrode disposed on at least one side of the photoelectric conversion structure, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is electrically connected to the photoelectric conversion structure; and

and a third electrode disposed between the photoelectric conversion structure and the second substrate and electrically insulated from the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein an orthographic projection of the first electrode and the second electrode on the light-receiving surface completely overlaps an orthographic projection of the third electrode on the light-receiving surface.

2. The solar panel of claim 1, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode belong to a first conductive layer and are located between the photoelectric conversion structure and the third electrode, and the first electrode and the second electrode are electrically connected to the photoelectric conversion structure.

3. The solar panel of claim 2, wherein an air gap or a low dielectric loss substrate is disposed between the first conductive layer and the third electrode.

4. The solar panel of claim 2, further comprising:

a liquid crystal layer arranged between the first conductive layer and the third electrode; and

and a plurality of strip electrodes arranged between the first conductive layer and the liquid crystal layer and electrically insulated from the first conductive layer, wherein the strip electrodes are respectively overlapped with the first electrode and the second electrode, an electric field generated between the strip electrodes and the third electrode is used for driving a plurality of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer to rotate, and the orthographic projection of the strip electrodes on the light receiving surface is completely overlapped with the orthographic projection of the third electrode on the light receiving surface.

5. The solar panel according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are located on opposite sides of the photoelectric conversion structure, the second electrode is located between the photoelectric conversion structure and the third electrode, and the first electrode, the second electrode, and the third electrode are arranged in order of size from small to large in an orthographic projection area of the light-receiving surface.

6. The solar panel of claim 5, wherein an air gap or a low dielectric loss substrate is disposed between the third electrode and the second electrode.

7. The solar panel of claim 5, wherein the first electrode is coplanar with the light-receiving face of the photoelectric conversion structure.

8. The solar panel of claim 1, wherein the first electrode is a plurality of first stripe electrodes, the second electrode is a plurality of second stripe electrodes, and the first stripe electrodes and the second stripe electrodes are alternately arranged and electrically connected to the photoelectric conversion structure, the solar panel further comprising:

a plurality of third strip electrodes which are alternately arranged with the second strip electrodes and are respectively overlapped with the first strip electrodes, wherein the second electrodes and the third strip electrodes are the same film layer; and

and the liquid crystal layer is arranged between the second electrode and the third strip-shaped electrodes, and an electric field generated between each of the third strip-shaped electrodes and the second electrode is used for driving a plurality of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer to rotate.

9. The solar panel of claim 1, further comprising:

a liquid crystal layer disposed between the photoelectric conversion structure and the first substrate, wherein the second electrode is disposed between the first electrode and the photoelectric conversion structure, the second electrode and the third electrode are disposed on opposite sides of the photoelectric conversion structure and electrically connected to the photoelectric conversion structure, the first electrode is a plurality of first strip electrodes, the second electrode is a plurality of second strip electrodes, the first strip electrodes are respectively overlapped with the second strip electrodes, and the liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first strip electrodes.

10. The solar panel of claim 9, wherein the first stripe-shaped electrode regions are a first portion and a second portion, and an electric field generated between the first portion and the second portion is used for driving a plurality of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer to rotate.

11. The solar panel of claim 10, further comprising a third substrate disposed between the first electrode and the photoelectric conversion structure.

12. The solar panel of claim 9, wherein the liquid crystal layer is further disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electric field generated between the first electrode and the second electrode is used to drive the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer to rotate.

13. The solar panel of claim 9, further comprising:

a plurality of third strip electrodes disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and respectively overlapped with the first strip electrodes, wherein an electric field generated between each of the third strip electrodes and the first electrode is used for driving a plurality of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer to rotate; and

an insulating layer disposed between each of the third strip electrodes and the second electrode.

14. The solar panel of claim 13, further comprising a third substrate disposed between the third strip electrodes and the photoelectric conversion structure.