CN114330734A - Quantum random number detection method and system - Google Patents
Quantum random number detection method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114330734A CN114330734A CN202111674829.6A CN202111674829A CN114330734A CN 114330734 A CN114330734 A CN 114330734A CN 202111674829 A CN202111674829 A CN 202111674829A CN 114330734 A CN114330734 A CN 114330734A
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Abstract
The application discloses a quantum random number detection method and system. Firstly, acquiring a random number sequence generated by a quantum random number generator; then, respectively carrying out statistical bias detection on the random number sequences to determine a first detection result; performing first-order correlation coefficient detection on the random number sequence to determine a second detection result; performing pseudo-random number standard packet detection on the random number sequence to determine a third detection result; and finally, determining the randomness detection result of the random number sequence according to the first detection result, the second detection result and the third detection result. Therefore, the quantum random number sequence is sequentially subjected to statistical bias detection, first-order correlation coefficient detection and pseudo-random number detection, so that quantum random number detection is completed, and a detection result is given.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of random number detection, in particular to a quantum random number detection method and system.
Background
Random numbers have important application values in the fields of information security and the like, and the initial steps of various encryption algorithms are to generate high-quality random numbers. The random number is divided into a pseudo random number and a true random number, generally, the pseudo random number is a random number obtained by a mathematical method, a regular electronic circuit or other physical methods, and has the defects of limited length, regularity, repeatability, predictability and the like; true random numbers have completely reliable randomness, and quantum random numbers are representative thereof.
At present, pseudo-random number detection methods are rich and have multiple standards and test software, but with the generation of highly reliable and high-quality random numbers such as quantum random numbers, the conventional pseudo-random number detection methods are not satisfactory and cannot support the detection evaluation requirements of the higher-quality random numbers. Due to the limitation of manual experiments and implementation means, the quality of the quantum random number is different at present, so that the generated quantum random number needs to be strictly detected, but the existing pseudo-random number detection method is not enough to support quantum random number detection, and the detection effect of the existing method on the quantum random number is not good.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, the embodiment of the application provides a quantum random number detection method and system, which complete quantum random number detection and improve the detection effect of quantum random numbers through statistical bias detection, first-order correlation coefficient detection and pseudo-random number detection packets.
In a first aspect, a quantum random number detection method is provided, which includes:
acquiring a random number sequence generated by a quantum random number generator;
performing statistical bias detection on the random number sequence to determine a first detection result;
performing first-order correlation coefficient detection on the random number sequence to determine a second detection result;
performing pseudo-random number standard packet detection on the random number sequence to determine a third detection result;
and determining the randomness detection result of the random number sequence according to the first detection result, the second detection result and the third detection result.
Optionally, performing statistical bias detection on the random number sequence, including:
calculating the probability average value of all random numbers and the variance and standard deviation when the random number is 1 according to the random number sequence;
and determining a first detection result according to the standard deviation of the probability of the random number being 1.
Optionally, performing first-order correlation coefficient detection on the random number sequence, including:
defining a first order correlation coefficient of the random number;
and obtaining the standard deviation of the first-order correlation coefficient, and determining a second detection result according to the standard deviation of the first-order correlation coefficient.
Optionally, the defining a first order correlation coefficient of the random number includes:
defining a first order correlation coefficient of a random number according to a first formula, wherein the first formula specifically comprises:
wherein, a1Representing first order correlation coefficients, n representing the amount of data, xiDenotes the value of the ith random number, and p (1) is the proportion of 1 in the current data volume.
Optionally, performing statistical bias detection on the random number sequence, and determining a first detection result, includes:
setting detection intervals of the random number sequence, and performing statistical bias detection on each detection interval;
obtaining the detection passing results of all detection intervals;
and when the proportion of the detection passing results is not lower than the first threshold value, determining that the first detection result is passing.
Optionally, performing first-order correlation coefficient detection on the random number sequence, and determining a second detection result, includes:
setting detection intervals of the random number sequence, and carrying out first-order correlation coefficient detection on each detection interval;
obtaining the detection passing results of all detection intervals;
and when the proportion of the detection passing results is not lower than the second threshold value, determining that the second detection result is passing.
In a second aspect, there is provided a quantum random number detection system, the system comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a random number sequence generated by the quantum random number generator;
the first detection module is used for carrying out statistical bias detection on the random number sequence and determining a first detection result;
the second detection module is used for detecting the first-order correlation coefficient of the random number sequence and determining a second detection result;
the third detection module is used for carrying out pseudo-random number standard packet detection on the random number sequence and determining a third detection result;
and the determining module is used for determining the randomness detection result of the random number sequence according to the first detection result, the second detection result and the third detection result.
Optionally, performing statistical bias detection on the random number sequence, including:
calculating the probability average value of all random numbers and the variance and standard deviation when the random number is 1 according to the random number sequence;
and determining a first detection result according to the standard deviation of the probability of the random number being 1.
Optionally, performing first-order correlation coefficient detection on the random number sequence, including:
defining a first order correlation coefficient of the random number;
and obtaining the standard deviation of the first-order correlation coefficient, and determining a second detection result according to the standard deviation of the first-order correlation coefficient.
In the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, firstly, a random number sequence generated by a quantum random number generator is obtained; then, respectively carrying out statistical bias detection on the random number sequences to determine a first detection result; performing first-order correlation coefficient detection on the random number sequence to determine a second detection result; performing pseudo-random number standard packet detection on the random number sequence to determine a third detection result; and finally, determining the randomness detection result of the random number sequence according to the first detection result, the second detection result and the third detection result. The invention designs a statistical bias and first-order correlation coefficient detection method, combines a pseudo-random number detection package, constructs a quantum random number detection method and a system, and a quantum random number sequence with detection sequentially passes through the statistical bias detection, the first-order correlation coefficient detection and the pseudo-random number detection package, thereby completing the quantum random number detection and giving a detection result.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a quantum random number detection method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a quantum random number detection process provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of a quantum random number detection system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present application relates to a random number detection technology, and more particularly, to a quantum random number detection method and system. Aiming at the characteristics of randomness, statistical bias and the like of the quantum random number, detection methods such as a correlation coefficient, the statistical bias and the like are designed, and an integrated quantum random number detection system is designed by combining a pseudo-random number detection packet.
Specifically, please refer to fig. 1, which shows a flowchart of a quantum random number detection method provided in an embodiment of the present application, and the method may include the following steps:
In the embodiment of the application, the random number in the random number sequence is binary, namely "0" or "1", the random number sequence of the quantum random number generator is obtained in real time, and the sequence length is not less than 100M bits.
In the embodiment of the application, the probability average value of all random numbers and the variance and standard deviation when the random number is 1 are calculated according to the random number sequence; and determining a first detection result according to the standard deviation of the probability of the random number being 1.
Specifically, the quantum random number statistical bias method is designed as follows:
in a random sequence of length nbit, there are a total of 2nIn a possible case, the probability of the mean x/n of the random code is:
p(x/n)＝n！/[2nx！(n-x)！]
the variance of the number x of occurrences of a "1" can be calculated as:
where n is the length (number of bits), E (x)2) Is x2E (x) is a desire for x.
x follows a standard normal distribution, thus:
thus, the standard deviation of the probability p (1) of the occurrence of "1" is:
in an optional embodiment of the present application, a detection interval of the random number sequence may also be set, and statistical bias detection is performed on each detection interval;
obtaining the detection passing results of all detection intervals;
when the ratio of the detection passing results is not lower than the first threshold value (the passing ratio is not lower than 96%), the first detection result is determined to be passing.
And 103, performing first-order correlation coefficient detection on the random number sequence, and determining a second detection result.
In the embodiment of the application, a first-order correlation coefficient of a random number is defined; and obtaining the standard deviation of the first-order correlation coefficient, and determining a second detection result according to the standard deviation of the first-order correlation coefficient.
Specifically, the quantum random number first order correlation coefficient method is designed as follows:
the first order correlation coefficient of the random number is defined as a first formula, specifically:
wherein, a1Representing first order correlation coefficients, n representing the amount of data, xiA value (0 or 1) indicating the ith random number, and p (1) is a proportion of 1 in the current data amount.
Similar to the derivation procedure above, E (a) can be obtained1) 0 and E (a)1 2) 1/n, then the variance is:
according to the central limit theorem, when n approaches infinity, the first-order correlation coefficient also satisfies the standard normal distribution:
the standard deviation of the first order correlation coefficient can be estimated as:
in an optional embodiment of the present application, a detection interval of the random number sequence may also be set, and first-order correlation coefficient detection is performed on each detection interval;
obtaining the detection passing results of all detection intervals;
when the ratio of the detection passing results is not lower than the second threshold value (the passing ratio is not lower than 96%), it is determined that the second detection result is a pass.
And 104, performing pseudo-random number standard packet detection on the random number sequence, and determining a third detection result.
And 105, determining a randomness detection result of the random number sequence according to the first detection result, the second detection result and the third detection result.
In this embodiment of the application, when all of the first detection result, the second detection result, and the third detection result passes the detection, it is determined that the randomness detection result of the random number sequence passes, and if any one of the first detection result, the second detection result, and the third detection result does not pass, it is determined that the randomness detection result of the random number sequence does not pass.
Referring to fig. 2, a block diagram of a quantum random number detection process provided by the embodiment of the present application is provided, and in an optional embodiment of the present application, in addition to the above statistical bias detection on the random number sequence, the first-order correlation coefficient detection is performed on the random number sequence, and the pseudo random number standard packet detection is performed on the random number sequence. Other tests may also be performed on the random number sequence and the randomness test results determined.
An alternative embodiment for applying the method is given below, in particular:
(1) starting up the quantum random number generator to be tested, and starting a random number sequence acquisition program at the same time;
(2) acquiring a random number sequence of a quantum random number generator in real time, wherein the sequence length is not less than 100M bits;
(3) carrying out statistical bias detection on the obtained quantum random number sequence, wherein the statistical length interval is not less than 10 kbit;
(4) calculating the 0 and 1 statistical bias of the quantum random number sequence in each statistical interval, wherein the deviation of the proportion of 0 and 1 is not more than 0.1, and the passing proportion is not less than 96%;
(3) carrying out first-order correlation coefficient detection on the obtained quantum random number sequence, wherein the detection length interval is not less than 10 kbit;
(4) calculating a first-order correlation coefficient of the quantum random number sequence in each statistical interval, wherein the passing proportion is not lower than 96%;
(5) carrying out pseudo-random number standard packet detection aiming at the obtained quantum random number sequence;
(6) a detection report is generated giving a conclusion as to whether the quantum random number passed the detection, and the percent passage, with the minimum passage typically set at 96%.
Referring to fig. 3, a block diagram of a quantum random number detection system 200 according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. As shown in fig. 3, the apparatus 200 may include: the device comprises an acquisition module 201, a first detection module 202, a second detection module 203, a third detection module 204 and a determination module 205.
An obtaining module 201, configured to obtain a random number sequence generated by a quantum random number generator;
a first detection module 202, configured to perform statistical bias detection on the random number sequence, and determine a first detection result;
the second detection module 203 is configured to perform first-order correlation coefficient detection on the random number sequence to determine a second detection result;
a third detection module 204, configured to perform pseudo-random number standard packet detection on the random number sequence, and determine a third detection result;
a determining module 205, configured to determine a randomness detection result of the random number sequence according to the first detection result, the second detection result, and the third detection result.
In an optional embodiment of the present application, the performing, in the first detection module 202, statistical bias detection on the random number sequence specifically includes:
calculating the probability average value of all random numbers according to the random number sequence, and the variance and standard deviation when the random number is 1;
and determining a first detection result according to the standard deviation of the probability of the random number being 1.
In an alternative embodiment of the present application, the first-order correlation coefficient detection performed on the random number sequence in the second detection module 203 includes:
defining a first order correlation coefficient of the random number;
and obtaining the standard deviation of the first-order correlation coefficient, and determining a second detection result according to the standard deviation of the first-order correlation coefficient.
The quantum random number detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application is used for implementing the quantum random number detection method, and for specific limitations of the quantum random number detection system, reference may be made to the above limitations on the quantum random number detection method, which is not described herein again. The various components of the quantum random number detection system described above may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, and combinations thereof. The modules can be embedded in a hardware form or independent from a processor in the device, and can also be stored in a memory in the device in a software form, so that the processor can call and execute operations corresponding to the modules.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the claims. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for quantum random number detection, the method comprising:
acquiring a random number sequence generated by a quantum random number generator;
performing statistical bias detection on the random number sequence to determine a first detection result;
performing first-order correlation coefficient detection on the random number sequence to determine a second detection result;
performing pseudo-random number standard packet detection on the random number sequence to determine a third detection result;
and determining the randomness detection result of the random number sequence according to the first detection result, the second detection result and the third detection result.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein performing statistical bias detection on the sequence of random numbers comprises:
calculating the probability average value of all random numbers and the variance and standard deviation when the random number is 1 according to the random number sequence;
and determining a first detection result according to the standard deviation of the probability of the random number being 1.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein performing first order correlation coefficient detection on the random number sequence comprises:
defining a first order correlation coefficient of the random number;
and obtaining the standard deviation of the first-order correlation coefficient, and determining a second detection result according to the standard deviation of the first-order correlation coefficient.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the defining the first order correlation coefficient of the random number comprises:
defining a first order correlation coefficient of a random number according to a first formula, wherein the first formula specifically comprises:
wherein, a1Representing first order correlation coefficients, n representing the amount of data, xiDenotes the value of the ith random number, and p (1) is the proportion of 1 in the current data volume.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein performing a statistical bias test on the sequence of random numbers to determine a first test result comprises:
setting detection intervals of the random number sequence, and performing statistical bias detection on each detection interval;
obtaining the detection passing results of all detection intervals;
and when the proportion of the detection passing results is not lower than the first threshold value, determining that the first detection result is passing.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein performing a first order correlation coefficient detection on the random number sequence to determine a second detection result comprises:
setting detection intervals of the random number sequence, and carrying out first-order correlation coefficient detection on each detection interval;
obtaining the detection passing results of all detection intervals;
and when the proportion of the detection passing results is not lower than the second threshold value, determining that the second detection result is passing.
7. A quantum random number detection system, the system comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a random number sequence generated by the quantum random number generator;
the first detection module is used for carrying out statistical bias detection on the random number sequence and determining a first detection result;
the second detection module is used for detecting the first-order correlation coefficient of the random number sequence and determining a second detection result;
the third detection module is used for carrying out pseudo-random number standard packet detection on the random number sequence and determining a third detection result;
and the determining module is used for determining the randomness detection result of the random number sequence according to the first detection result, the second detection result and the third detection result.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein performing statistical bias detection on the sequence of random numbers comprises:
calculating the probability average value of all random numbers and the variance and standard deviation when the random number is 1 according to the random number sequence;
and determining a first detection result according to the standard deviation of the probability of the random number being 1.
9. The system of claim 7, wherein performing first order correlation coefficient detection on the random number sequence comprises:
defining a first order correlation coefficient of the random number;
and obtaining the standard deviation of the first-order correlation coefficient, and determining a second detection result according to the standard deviation of the first-order correlation coefficient.
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