CN114329889B - Method for explaining three-dimensional spreading and attribute of hydraulic fracture network of tight sandstone gas reservoir - Google Patents
Method for explaining three-dimensional spreading and attribute of hydraulic fracture network of tight sandstone gas reservoir Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method, a device, a medium and equipment for explaining three-dimensional distribution and properties of a hydraulic fracture network of a tight sandstone gas reservoir, which comprise the following steps: s10: analyzing the spatial distribution of the volume fracturing cracks of the tight sandstone gas reservoir and the basic characteristics of seepage parameters, classifying and three-dimensionally representing different types of cracks; s20: establishing a well testing analysis physical model of the three-dimensional spreading and the attribute of the hydraulic fracture network of the tight sandstone gas reservoir; s30: establishing a mathematical model of a well test analysis model of the hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional spreading and attribute of the tight sandstone gas reservoir according to the well test analysis physical model; s40: solving the mathematical model to obtain a dimensionless bottom hole pressure solution; s50: obtaining a well test interpretation double-logarithm theoretical template curve of the three-dimensional spreading and the attribute of the hydraulic fracture network of the tight sandstone gas reservoir based on dimensionless bottom hole pressure solution; s60: fitting the well test interpretation double-log theoretical template curve with the measured data, and performing well test interpretation to obtain the reservoir and fracture key seepage parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for explaining three-dimensional spreading and attributes of hydraulic fracture networks of tight sandstone gas reservoirs, in particular to a method, a device, a medium and equipment for explaining well testing of the three-dimensional spreading and attributes of the hydraulic fracture networks of the tight sandstone gas reservoirs, and belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field development.
Background
The tight sandstone gas reservoir has low matrix permeability and poor physical properties, and the industrial exploitation of the tight sandstone gas reservoir cannot be carried out by long horizontal wells and large-scale hydraulic fracturing technology. Because of the development of micro-cracks of the compact sandstone reservoir, the types of cracks are increased and the space spreading is more complicated after the net is reformed. The method for well testing interpretation of the hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional spreading and attributes of the tight sandstone gas reservoir is established on the premise that the fracture network is optimally designed for fracturing and the tight sandstone gas is efficiently developed, and has great significance for understanding the seepage rule of the fracture network and the dynamic change rule of bottom hole pressure.
At present, the horizontal well fracturing technology at home and abroad is mature, however, the basic seepage theory research is lagged, the characteristic of a fracture network of a volume fracturing horizontal well and the unstable seepage rule are not known clearly, and the development theory after the volume fracturing of a tight sandstone gas horizontal well is insufficient. The current tight sandstone gas fracturing horizontal well seepage model mainly comprises an SRV model and a discrete fracture model, wherein the SRV model generally simplifies a complex manual fracture network into double-wing symmetrical fractures and areas with high seepage capability, namely, each volume fracturing section is considered to have a main fracture, other fractures are uniformly simplified into high seepage areas, the high seepage areas are equivalent to single-hole media or double media, and the method cannot accurately describe the space layout form of the complex fracture network due to the fact that the description of the fracture characteristics is too simplified; the discrete fracture model mainly carries out explicit treatment on each fracture in the artificial fracture network, carries out seepage parameter assignment, and then adopts the thought of dimension reduction to simplify the number of fracture grids, so that the treatment can greatly simplify the complexity and the grid division number of the model, and the description of three-dimensional fracture seepage characteristics lacks reality due to the fact that the spatial distribution form of the fracture and the flow of fluid in the fracture are limited to two-dimensional problems. Therefore, it is needed to propose a three-dimensional accurate characterization method of different types of cracks, further approximate the real states of various types of cracks in a reservoir, and establish a well test interpretation method of the three-dimensional distribution and properties of a hydraulic fracture network of a tight sandstone gas reservoir. The method has important significance for accurately describing the characteristics of the tight sandstone gas reservoir fracture network, revealing the unstable seepage rule, acquiring the fracture network form, the diversion capacity and other key parameters.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a well test interpretation method, device, medium and equipment for the three-dimensional distribution and attribute of a hydraulic fracture network of a tight sandstone gas reservoir, which are considered to be more in line with the actual three-dimensional distribution and attribute of the hydraulic fracture network, so that key parameters such as the form, the flow conductivity and the like of the fracture network can be more accurately obtained.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A method for explaining the three-dimensional distribution and properties of a hydraulic fracture network of a tight sandstone gas reservoir comprises the following steps:
Step S10: analyzing the spatial distribution of the volume fracturing cracks of the tight sandstone gas reservoir and the basic characteristics of seepage parameters, classifying and three-dimensionally representing different types of cracks;
Step S20: based on basic characteristics of the compact sandstone gas reservoir volume fracturing reconstruction fracture network, extracting a typical spreading mode of a three-dimensional discrete fracture network, and establishing a well test analysis physical model of the compact sandstone gas reservoir hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional spreading and attribute;
Step S30: establishing a mathematical model of a well test analysis model of the hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional spreading and attribute of the tight sandstone gas reservoir according to the well test analysis physical model;
Step S40: solving a mathematical model of a well test analysis model of the hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional distribution and attribute of the tight sandstone gas reservoir by using a semi-analytical method to obtain a dimensionless bottom hole pressure solution;
Step S50: obtaining a well test interpretation double-logarithm theoretical template curve of the three-dimensional spreading and the attribute of the hydraulic fracture network of the tight sandstone gas reservoir based on dimensionless bottom hole pressure solution;
Step S60: fitting the well test interpretation double-log theoretical template curve with the measured data, and performing well test interpretation to obtain the reservoir and fracture key seepage parameters.
The interpretation method, preferably, the step S10 includes the steps of:
Step S101: based on a volume fracture extension rule and microseism monitoring results, analyzing the spatial distribution and seepage parameter basic characteristics of the tight sandstone gas reservoir volume fracture;
step S102: based on basic characteristics of the volumetric fracture, classifying a fracture system into an artificial fracture, an induced fracture and a natural fracture from the aspects of fracture causative mechanism, development scale, distribution density and conductivity;
Step S103: based on basic characteristics of the volume fracture, the three-dimensional characterization is carried out on the artificial fracture by using a discrete medium method, and the characterization is carried out on the induced fracture and the natural fracture by using an equivalent continuous medium method.
In the interpretation method, preferably, the conditions for establishing the physical model for well testing analysis in step S20 include: the three-dimensional discrete fracture network spreading mode consists of complex staggered artificial fractures, induced fractures and natural fractures; the physical model hypothesis conditions include at least: the artificial cracks are vertical and penetrate through the reservoir, and only intersect with the perforation of the horizontal well, and other sections of the horizontal well are closed; the reservoir fluid flows into the production wellbore only through the artificial fractures, where it flows in two dimensions.
In the interpretation method, preferably, the establishing process of the mathematical model in the step S30 is as follows:
step S301: establishing a fluid seepage equation and boundary conditions in the artificial crack based on dimensionless parameters and definitions to obtain an artificial crack seepage model;
step S302: and establishing a fluid seepage equation and boundary conditions in the reservoir based on dimensionless parameters and definitions to obtain a reservoir seepage model.
The interpretation method, preferably, the step S40 includes the steps of:
Step S401: the artificial crack seepage model in the step S301 is solved by a semi-analytic method, and the specific steps are as follows:
Transforming the fluid seepage equation in the step S301 into a Laplace space seepage equation by utilizing Laplace transformation;
Dividing the artificial crack into a plurality of micro-elements, wherein each crack micro-element is a two-dimensional plane rectangle, dispersing each crack micro-element by using a finite difference method, and solving the intersection flow in the crack by using a star-delta transformation method to obtain a finite difference equation set of the flow of a discrete crack system.
The interpretation method, preferably, the step S40 further includes the steps of:
step S402: and solving the reservoir seepage model in the step S302 by using a semi-analytic method, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
Transforming the fluid seepage equation in the step 302 into a Laplace space seepage equation by utilizing Laplace transformation;
In a reservoir flow mathematical model, fracture infinitesimal is taken as a non-point source, the reservoir pressure is continuously reduced due to the fact that stratum fluid continuously flows into the fracture infinitesimal, and a matrix and a natural fracture seepage equation are solved by utilizing Fourier transformation and Laplace transformation, so that a Laplace space three-dimensional point source function solution is obtained;
Obtaining dimensionless pressure generated by any point in a reservoir by using Laplace space three-dimensional point source function solution, and obtaining dimensionless pressure generated by any point in the reservoir by N F fracture infinitesimal in a discrete fracture network by combining a superposition principle;
And taking the geometric center of the crack microcell as a calculation point to obtain dimensionless pressure of the crack microcell and applying the dimensionless pressure to all the crack microcells to obtain N F equation sets containing the pressure and the flow of the crack microcell.
The interpretation method, preferably, the step S60 further includes the steps of:
Step S601: converting the dimensionless pressure and the dimensionless pressure derivative curve in the log-log theoretical template curve into the dimensionless pressure and the dimensionless pressure derivative curve in the pressure recovery process, and obtaining a dimensionless pressure conversion formula by a superposition principle;
step S602: processing actual well testing pressure data, and drawing an actual measured pressure and pressure derivative curve by Matlab software;
Step S603: setting gas reservoir parameters and fluid parameters, inputting a group of fracture parameters, and drawing theoretical pressure and pressure derivative curves by Matlab software;
Step S604: automatically fitting the log-log theoretical template curve and the measured curve of well test interpretation by using a least square method to obtain a fitted curve, a reservoir and key seepage parameters of the fracture;
Step S605: and carrying out further fitting explanation by changing parameter values according to the fitting curve form and the flowing stage characteristics, and finally obtaining reliable fracture network form and conductivity parameters.
The second aspect of the invention also provides an interpretation device for the three-dimensional distribution and properties of the hydraulic fracture network of the tight sandstone gas reservoir, which comprises:
The first processing unit is used for analyzing the spatial distribution of the tight sandstone gas reservoir volume fracture and the basic characteristics of seepage parameters, classifying and three-dimensionally representing different types of fractures;
The second processing unit is used for extracting a typical spreading mode of the three-dimensional discrete fracture network based on basic characteristics of the compact sandstone gas reservoir volume fracturing reconstruction fracture network, and establishing a well test analysis physical model of the compact sandstone gas reservoir hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional spreading and attribute;
the third processing unit is used for establishing a mathematical model of a well test analysis model of the hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional spreading and attribute of the tight sandstone gas reservoir according to the well test analysis physical model;
The fourth processing unit is used for solving a mathematical model of a well test analysis model of the three-dimensional distribution and attribute of the hydraulic fracture network of the tight sandstone gas reservoir by using a semi-analytic method to obtain a dimensionless bottom hole pressure solution;
The fifth processing unit is used for obtaining a well test interpretation double-logarithm theoretical template curve of the three-dimensional spreading and the attribute of the hydraulic fracture network of the tight sandstone gas reservoir based on dimensionless bottom hole pressure solution;
And the sixth processing unit is used for fitting the log-log theoretical template curve of well testing interpretation with the measured data and performing well testing interpretation to obtain the key seepage parameters of the reservoir and the cracks.
The third aspect of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-explained method.
The fourth aspect of the present invention also provides a computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps of the above explained method when executing the computer program.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. According to the invention, the seepage law of the medium-pressure fracture network and the dynamic change law of the bottom hole pressure of the tight sandstone gas reservoir are described by establishing physical and mathematical models, the physical models are considered to be more in line with the actual geometric form and key seepage parameters of the three-dimensional fracture network, the actual states of various fractures in the reservoir are further approximated, and the seepage law of fluid in the complex fracture network can be reflected more truly.
2. The invention calculates the dimensionless bottom hole pressure solution by using a semi-analytic method based on finite difference-three-dimensional source function, accurately describes the seepage rule of fluid in a three-dimensional slotted network and the dynamic change rule of bottom hole pressure, avoids the near-slotted grid and near-subarea boundary grid encryption technology in the traditional numerical simulation method, and has the advantages of high calculation speed and high simulation precision.
3. According to the invention, the generated compact sandstone gas reservoir hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional spreading and attribute well test interpretation double-logarithm theoretical template curve and the gas field actual well test data are utilized to carry out fitting interpretation, key parameters such as fracture network morphology, flow conductivity and the like are obtained, and the results can provide references and guidance for gas reservoir fracturing optimization design and efficient development.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for explaining the three-dimensional spreading and properties of hydraulic fracture network of tight sandstone gas reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a physical model of a tight sandstone gas reservoir volume fracturing horizontal well according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of a log-log theoretical template of a three-dimensional layout and properties of a hydraulic fracture network of a tight sandstone gas reservoir according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a well test interpretation double-log theoretical template curve fitted with measured well test data of the three-dimensional distribution and properties of hydraulic fracture network of tight sandstone gas reservoir provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, the step flow chart of the method for explaining the three-dimensional distribution and properties of the hydraulic fracture network of the tight sandstone gas reservoir provided by the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
Step S10: and analyzing the spatial distribution and seepage parameter basic characteristics of the tight sandstone gas reservoir volume fracture, finely classifying and three-dimensionally and accurately characterizing different types of fractures.
In the step, based on the understanding of the compact sandstone reservoir pressure fracture extension rule and microseism monitoring results, the fracture types are subdivided into artificial fractures, induced fractures and natural fractures according to the parameters such as the formation mechanism, the dimension, the distribution density, the flow conductivity and the like of the fractures; accurately representing the flow characteristics of each artificial crack by adopting a three-dimensional discrete medium method, wherein the geometric form and the seepage parameters are independently assigned; induced and natural fractures were characterized using equivalent continuous medium methods, including permeability tensor models and dual medium models (Warren-Root models, kazemi models, and De Swaan models).
Step S20: based on basic characteristics of the compact sandstone gas reservoir volume fracturing transformation fracture network, a typical spreading mode of a three-dimensional discrete fracture network is extracted, and a well testing analysis physical model of the compact sandstone gas reservoir hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional spreading and attribute is established.
In the step, based on basic characteristics of the artificial cracks, the induced cracks and the natural cracks, from the perspective of seepage mathematical model establishment, a complex crack system formed by the artificial cracks, the induced cracks and the natural cracks can be extracted into a three-dimensional discrete crack network spreading mode shown in fig. 2, so that a tight sandstone gas reservoir hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional spreading and attribute well testing analysis physical model is established.
Before the seepage mathematical model is built, the physical model assumption condition needs to be given first. Based on a typical spreading mode of a three-dimensional discrete fracture network, considering that the artificial fracture only intersects with the perforation of the horizontal well, and closing other sections of the horizontal well; the flow of fluids in an artificial fracture is a two-dimensional problem and the flow of fluids in a reservoir is a three-dimensional problem. The assumption conditions of the well test analysis physical model of the hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional distribution and attribute of the tight sandstone gas reservoir also comprise: (1) The stratum is homogeneous, equal in thickness, closed up and down and infinite in horizontal direction; (2) Properties of the matrix and the fracture, such as permeability and porosity, are constant; (3) Fluid flow within both the matrix and the fracture is subject to darcy seepage; (4) Taking into account the effects of horizontal wellbore reservoir effects and skin effects; (5) irrespective of the effects of gravity and capillary forces.
Step S30: and establishing a mathematical model of a well testing analysis model of the hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional spreading and attribute of the tight sandstone gas reservoir according to the well testing analysis physical model.
In the step, based on the physical model assumption conditions, the flow process in the production stage is divided into two parts of artificial crack flow and reservoir flow, and a seepage model of fluid flow of each part is respectively established, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
Step S301: considering the space spreading form of the three-dimensional cracks which is more in line with the reality, the internal flow of the cracks is not limited to the one-dimensional flow assumed by the conventional model, for the staggered cracks, the two-dimensional flow exists in the crack, and the intersection flow exists at the intersection of the cracks, and as the proportion of the micro-elements of the cracks with the intersection flow in the total micro-elements of the cracks is not large, the step firstly provides a seepage equation which does not consider the intersection of the cracks, and then the flow of the micro-elements of the intersection cracks is transformed by combining a star-delta transformation method, so that the actual seepage equation of the artificial crack system is obtained, and in order to simplify the form of the mathematical model, the dimensionless parameters are introduced and the dimensionless artificial crack seepage equation can be obtained by definition:
The boundary conditions are:
Wherein: p FD is dimensionless artificial crack pressure; epsilon D is the dimensionless length (artificial crack epsilon direction); xi D is the dimensionless length (artificial crack xi direction); h D is the dimensionless reservoir thickness; c FD is the dimensionless artificial crack flow conductivity; delta epsilon D is the infinitesimal length of the dimensionless crack in epsilon direction; Δζ D is the dimensionless crack trace length in the ζ direction; q FD is the dimensionless artificial crack flow; η FD is the dimensionless artificial fracture pressure coefficient; t D is dimensionless time; Δl FD is the dimensionless fracture length; Δh FD is dimensionless crack height; x wD,ywD,zwD is the dimensionless point source location coordinates; r eqD is the dimensionless effective well diameter; r wD is the dimensionless wellbore radius; p wD is dimensionless bottom hole flow pressure.
Step S302: taking an artificial fracture element as a non-point source, continuously flowing reservoir fluid into the fracture element to cause the reservoir pressure to continuously decrease, introducing dimensionless parameters and defining a dimensionless reservoir seepage equation, wherein the seepage equation comprises a matrix and a seepage equation of a natural fracture system, and in the step, the matrix system seepage equation is as follows:
the fluid seepage equation in the natural fracture-induced fracture is:
The boundary conditions are:
Wherein: omega f is the natural fracture storage capacity ratio; lambda mf is the coefficient of channeling of the matrix into the natural fracture; p fD is dimensionless natural fracture pressure; p mD is dimensionless matrix pressure; x D,yD,zD is the dimensionless length (x, y, z coordinate direction); omega f is the fracture storage capacity ratio; lambda mf is the matrix channeling coefficient to the natural fracture.
And S40, solving a mathematical model of a well testing analysis model of the three-dimensional distribution and attribute of the hydraulic fracture network of the tight sandstone gas reservoir by using a semi-analytic method to obtain a dimensionless bottom hole pressure solution.
In the step, a mathematical model of a tight sandstone gas reservoir hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional spreading and attribute well testing analysis model is solved by using a semi-analytic method to obtain a dimensionless bottom hole pressure solution, the adopted semi-analytic method only needs to divide the fracture into grids, the grid quantity is greatly reduced while flexible description of three-dimensional fracture spreading is ensured, the coupling solution method of matrix analytic solution and fracture numerical solution improves the precision of early flow simulation, laplace space solution is not limited by time steps, and the model calculation efficiency is high and the simulation precision is better due to the above points. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step S401: dividing an artificial crack into a plurality of infinitesimal, establishing Laplace space finite difference numerical solution, wherein each crack infinitesimal is a two-dimensional plane rectangle, dispersing each crack infinitesimal by using a finite difference method, solving intersection flow in the crack by using a star-delta transformation method, obtaining a discrete crack system flow finite difference equation set, and writing the equation set into the following matrix equation form:
wherein T is a coefficient matrix of conductivity between the infinitesimal cracks; i is an identity matrix of order N F×NF; is a dimensionless pressure vector of each crack infinitesimal in Lawster space; /(I) A dimensionless flow vector for the matrix flow direction of each fracture infinitesimal under the Lawster space; /(I)Is the dimensionless bottom hole pressure value in Lawster space; b is a constant vector; o is zero vector;
the boundary conditions of the horizontal well under the constant yield production condition are as follows:
Wherein u is a Laplace variable; b T is the transpose of vector b; b is the sum of the elements in vector b.
Step S402: the fracture microelements can be used as a non-point source, the formation fluid continuously flows into the fracture microelements to cause the pressure of a reservoir to continuously decrease, and the matrix and the natural fracture seepage equation are solved by utilizing Fourier transformation and Laplace transformation, so that a Laplace space three-dimensional point source function solution is obtained:
yD1＝yeD-|yD-ymD|
yD2＝yeD-|yD+ymD|
Wherein: Is dimensionless natural fracture pressure in Lawster's space; k is a constant coefficient, and a positive integer is taken; epsilon k is an intermediate variable; y D1 is an intermediate variable; y D2 is an intermediate variable; n is a constant coefficient, and a positive integer is taken; epsilon kn is an intermediate variable; x eD,yeD,zeD is the dimensionless boundary length.
The dimensionless pressure generated by a certain fracture microelement (i, j) at any point M (x D,yD,zD) in a reservoir layer can be obtained by using Laplace space point source function basic solution:
In the above The Laplace space surface source function basic solution for the crack micro element (i, j) has the expression:
wherein: g is Laplace space three-dimensional point source function solution; the flow rate of the matrix to the fracture microelements (i, j) on the unit fracture surface; /(I) The dimensionless length of the fracture microelements (i, j); /(I)A dimensionless height that is the fracture bin (i, j); /(I)Is the dimensionless position coordinates of the fracture microelements (i, j).
The dimensionless pressure generated by N F(NF＝Nx×Ny fracture microelements in a discrete fracture network at any point in a reservoir can be obtained by combining the superposition principle:
In the method, in the process of the invention, Dimensionless pressure generated at any point in the reservoir for all fracture microelements.
Taking the geometric center of the crack micro element as a calculation point, and obtaining the dimensionless pressure of the crack micro element (i, j) as follows:
In the method, in the process of the invention, Is the dimensionless pressure of the fracture microelements (i, j).
Applying the dimensionless pressure solution of the fracture microcell (i, j) to all the fracture microcells to obtain N F equation sets containing the fracture microcell pressure and flow, and writing the equation sets into a matrix form:
wherein B is a coefficient matrix which is related to the space position of the crack and Laplace variable and has no relation with the flow conductivity of the crack; A dimensionless flow vector for matrix flow to natural fractures in Lawster's space; /(I) Is a dimensionless pressure vector of a natural fracture in Lawster's space.
Step S403: at the fracture wall, the flow rate of the reservoir is the same as the pressure and artificial fracture system:
In the method, in the process of the invention, Is the dimensionless pressure of the natural fracture at the junction of the Lawster space and the fracture infinitesimal (i, j); /(I)The dimensionless pressure of the fracture infinitesimal (i, j) under the Lawster's space; /(I)Is the dimensionless flow of the natural fracture at the junction of the Lawster space and the fracture infinitesimal (i, j); /(I)Is the dimensionless flow of fracture infinitesimal (i, j) under Lawster's space.
The steps S401, S402 and S403 form a mathematical model coupling solving matrix equation set of a tight sandstone gas reservoir hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional distribution and attribute well test analysis model, namely:
Where o T is the zero vector transpose.
The equation set has 2N F +1 unknowns and 2N F +1 equations, wherein the unknowns have N F fracture microcell pressuresN F crack infinitesimal flow/>1 Bottom hole flow pressure/>Therefore, the equation set is closed, and then the Matlab software is used for programming and solving, so that the dimensionless bottom hole pressure solution is finally obtained.
Step S50: obtaining a well test interpretation double-logarithm theoretical template curve of the three-dimensional spreading and the attribute of the hydraulic fracture network of the tight sandstone gas reservoir based on dimensionless bottom hole pressure solution of a well test analysis model;
In the step, a theoretical template curve of a well testing analysis model of the three-dimensional spreading and attribute of the hydraulic fracture network of the tight sandstone gas reservoir can be made by using dimensionless bottom hole pressure solution through setting gas reservoir parameters, fluid parameters and fracture parameters, and meanwhile, the flowing stage can be divided according to the morphological characteristics of the curve. Fig. 3 is a theoretical template curve of a three-dimensional distribution and attribute well test analysis model of a hydraulic fracture network of a tight sandstone gas reservoir in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the curve located at the upper part is a dimensionless pressure curve, the curve located at the lower part is a dimensionless pressure derivative curve, and the graph is drawn by adopting a double logarithmic coordinate and is divided into 9 main flow stages: (1) pure wellbore reservoir effect and skin effect phases; (2) a fracture first radial flow stage; (3) a bilinear streaming phase; (4) a matrix linear flow stage; (5) a fracture second radial flow stage; (6) inter-slot interference and excessive flow stage; (7) a system overall radial flow stage; (8) a matrix channeling stage to the natural fracture; (9) boundary control flow phase.
Step S60: fitting the theoretical template curve with the measured data and performing well testing explanation to obtain the reservoir and fracture key seepage parameters.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of fitting a log-log theoretical template curve and measured well test data of a tight sandstone gas reservoir hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional distribution and property test interpretation, and as shown in fig. 4, the specific process of this step is as follows:
step S601: converting the dimensionless pressure and the dimensionless pressure derivative curve in the theoretical template curve into the dimensionless pressure and the dimensionless pressure derivative curve in the pressure recovery process, and obtaining a dimensionless pressure conversion formula by a superposition principle, wherein the dimensionless pressure conversion formula comprises the following components:
ΔpD Conversion of (ΔtD)＝pD[(tp)D]-pD[(tp+Δt)D]+pD(ΔtD)
The dimensionless pressure derivative conversion formula is:
wherein: (t p)D is the dimensionless production time before shut-in; deltat D is the dimensionless shut-in pressure recovery time; p D is the theoretical model dimensionless pressure; deltap D Conversion of is the converted dimensionless pressure; deltap' D Conversion of is the converted dimensionless pressure derivative.
Step S602: processing the actual well test pressure data to delta p and delta pAnd drawing the actual measurement pressure and pressure derivative curve by Matlab software by taking deltat as an abscissa and taking deltat as an ordinate.
Step S603: setting gas reservoir parameters and fluid parameters, inputting a group of fracture parameters including artificial fracture morphology, number of strips, diversion capacity and the like, drawing theoretical pressure and pressure derivative curves by Matlab software by taking Deltap D Conversion of (ΔtD) and p' D Conversion of as ordinate and Deltat D as abscissa.
Step S604: and automatically fitting the theoretical template curve and the actual measurement curve by using a least square method to obtain the key seepage parameters of the reservoir and the fracture.
Step S605: and carrying out further fine fitting interpretation by changing parameter values according to the fitting curve form and the flowing stage characteristics, and finally obtaining the parameters such as the reliable fracture network form, the reliable diversion capacity and the like, wherein the parameters have important guiding effects on the optimization design and the development effect evaluation of the gas reservoir fracturing.
The following is a specific example of a well test interpretation method for the three-dimensional distribution and properties of hydraulic fracture network of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the present invention:
The example selects pressure drop data of a multistage fracturing horizontal well-X1 well of a compact sandstone gas reservoir of the Erdos basin, wherein the X1 well is a horizontal well of a gas field of the Erdos basin, the well section is 3223.6-4123.6 m, the well length of the horizontal well is 832m, the production is started in the 7 th month of 2016, and the pressure in the middle of a stratum is 27.9MPa. The well was subjected to 5-stage mixed water fracturing. A pressure recovery test was performed from 11/7/2020 to 21/2020, with an average gas production of 4.1X10 4m3/d before shut-in.
By adopting the well test interpretation method of the hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional spreading and the attribute of the tight sandstone gas reservoir to carry out well test interpretation on the X1 well, a fitted interpretation double-logarithmic graph version of a theoretical template curve and measured data of the gas field is obtained, and the fact that the measured curve only shows a shaft reservoir effect stage, a skin effect stage, a stratum linear flow stage and a short fracture radial flow stage is found, and the later flow stage is not shown due to the limited well closing time. The reservoir and fracture key parameters are obtained through further fine fitting interpretation, the results are shown in tables 1 and 2, and the fitting interpretation results are found to be consistent with the geological features of the gas reservoir and production reality through comparison, so that the obtained reservoir and fracture key seepage parameters have guiding significance for the optimization design and development effect evaluation of the fracturing of the gas reservoir.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
The second aspect of the invention also provides an interpretation device for the three-dimensional distribution and properties of the hydraulic fracture network of the tight sandstone gas reservoir, which comprises:
The first processing unit is used for analyzing the spatial distribution of the tight sandstone gas reservoir volume fracture and the basic characteristics of seepage parameters, classifying and three-dimensionally representing different types of fractures;
The second processing unit is used for extracting a typical spreading mode of the three-dimensional discrete fracture network based on basic characteristics of the compact sandstone gas reservoir volume fracturing reconstruction fracture network, and establishing a well test analysis physical model of the compact sandstone gas reservoir hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional spreading and attribute;
the third processing unit is used for establishing a mathematical model of a well test analysis model of the hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional spreading and attribute of the tight sandstone gas reservoir according to the well test analysis physical model;
The fourth processing unit is used for solving a mathematical model of a well test analysis model of the three-dimensional distribution and attribute of the hydraulic fracture network of the tight sandstone gas reservoir by using a semi-analytic method to obtain a dimensionless bottom hole pressure solution;
The fifth processing unit is used for obtaining a well test interpretation double-logarithm theoretical template curve of the three-dimensional spreading and the attribute of the hydraulic fracture network of the tight sandstone gas reservoir based on dimensionless bottom hole pressure solution;
And the sixth processing unit is used for fitting the log-log theoretical template curve of well testing interpretation with the measured data and performing well testing interpretation to obtain the key seepage parameters of the reservoir and the cracks.
The third aspect of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-explained method.
The fourth aspect of the present invention also provides a computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps of the above explained method when executing the computer program.
The present invention is described in terms of flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments. It will be understood that each flowchart and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flowcharts and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks. Memory may include physical means for storing information, typically by digitizing the information before storage in a medium using electrical, magnetic or optical means. The memory according to the present embodiment may further include: means for storing information by means of electrical energy, such as RAM, ROM, etc.; devices for storing information by magnetic energy, such as hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic tape, magnetic core memory, bubble memory, and USB flash disk; devices for storing information optically, such as CDs or DVDs. Of course, there are other ways of storing, such as quantum storing, graphene storing, etc. In this embodiment, the processor may be implemented in any suitable manner. For example, the processor may take the form of, for example, a microprocessor or processor, and a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable program code (e.g., software or firmware) executable by the (micro) processor, logic gates, switches, application SPECIFIC INTEGRATED Circuits (ASICs), programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers, etc. The specific functions implemented by the processor and the memory of the server provided in the embodiments of the present specification can be explained in contrast to the previous embodiments in the present specification.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for explaining the three-dimensional distribution and the attribute of the hydraulic fracture network of the tight sandstone gas reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step S10: analyzing the spatial distribution of the volume fracturing cracks of the tight sandstone gas reservoir and the basic characteristics of seepage parameters, classifying and three-dimensionally representing different types of cracks;
Step S20: based on basic characteristics of the compact sandstone gas reservoir volume fracturing reconstruction fracture network, extracting a typical spreading mode of a three-dimensional discrete fracture network, and establishing a well test analysis physical model of the compact sandstone gas reservoir hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional spreading and attribute;
Step S30: establishing a mathematical model of a well test analysis model of the hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional spreading and attribute of the tight sandstone gas reservoir according to the well test analysis physical model;
Step S40: solving a mathematical model of a well test analysis model of the hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional distribution and attribute of the tight sandstone gas reservoir by using a semi-analytical method to obtain a dimensionless bottom hole pressure solution;
Step S50: obtaining a well test interpretation double-logarithm theoretical template curve of the three-dimensional spreading and the attribute of the hydraulic fracture network of the tight sandstone gas reservoir based on dimensionless bottom hole pressure solution;
Step S60: fitting the well test interpretation double-log theoretical template curve with the measured data and performing well test interpretation to obtain a reservoir and fracture key seepage parameters;
the establishing process of the mathematical model in the step S30 is as follows: step S301: establishing a fluid seepage equation and boundary conditions in the artificial crack based on dimensionless parameters and definitions to obtain an artificial crack seepage model; step S302: establishing a fluid seepage equation and boundary conditions in the reservoir based on dimensionless parameters and definitions to obtain a reservoir seepage model;
The step S40 includes the steps of: step S401: the artificial crack seepage model in the step S301 is solved by a semi-analytic method, and the specific steps are as follows: transforming the fluid seepage equation in the step S301 into a Laplace space seepage equation by utilizing Laplace transformation; dividing an artificial crack into a plurality of infinitesimal, wherein each infinitesimal is a two-dimensional plane rectangle, dispersing each infinitesimal by using a finite difference method, solving the intersection flow in the crack by using a star-delta transformation method, and obtaining a finite difference equation set of the flow of a discrete crack system;
The step S40 further includes the steps of: step S402: and solving the reservoir seepage model in the step S302 by using a semi-analytic method, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: transforming the fluid seepage equation in the step 302 into a Laplace space seepage equation by utilizing Laplace transformation; in a mathematical model, fracture infinitesimal is taken as a non-point source, formation fluid continuously flows into the fracture infinitesimal to cause the pressure of a reservoir to continuously decrease, and matrix and natural fracture seepage equations are solved by utilizing Fourier transformation and Laplace transformation to obtain Laplace space three-dimensional point source function solutions; obtaining dimensionless pressure generated by any point in a reservoir by using Laplace space three-dimensional point source function solution, and obtaining dimensionless pressure generated by any point in the reservoir by N F fracture infinitesimal in a discrete fracture network by combining a superposition principle; and taking the geometric center of the crack microcell as a calculation point to obtain dimensionless pressure of the crack microcell and applying the dimensionless pressure to all the crack microcells to obtain N F equation sets containing the pressure and the flow of the crack microcell.
2. The interpretation method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the step S10 includes the steps of:
Step S101: based on a volume fracture extension rule and microseism monitoring results, analyzing the spatial distribution and seepage parameter basic characteristics of the tight sandstone gas reservoir volume fracture;
step S102: based on basic characteristics of the volumetric fracture, classifying a fracture system into an artificial fracture, an induced fracture and a natural fracture from the aspects of fracture causative mechanism, development scale, distribution density and conductivity;
Step S103: based on basic characteristics of the volume fracture, the three-dimensional characterization is carried out on the artificial fracture by using a discrete medium method, and the characterization is carried out on the induced fracture and the natural fracture by using an equivalent continuous medium method.
3. The interpretation method of claim 1, wherein the conditions for the physical model establishment of the well test analysis in step S20 include: the three-dimensional discrete fracture network spreading mode consists of complex staggered artificial fractures, induced fractures and natural fractures; the physical model hypothesis conditions include at least: the artificial cracks are vertical and penetrate through the reservoir, and only intersect with the perforation of the horizontal well, and other sections of the horizontal well are closed; the reservoir fluid flows into the production wellbore only through the artificial fractures, where it flows in two dimensions.
4. The interpretation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S60 further comprises the steps of:
Step S601: converting the dimensionless pressure and the dimensionless pressure derivative curve in the log-log theoretical template curve into the dimensionless pressure and the dimensionless pressure derivative curve in the pressure recovery process, and obtaining a dimensionless pressure conversion formula by a superposition principle;
step S602: processing actual well testing pressure data, and drawing an actual measured pressure and pressure derivative curve by using software;
step S603: setting gas reservoir parameters and fluid parameters, inputting a group of fracture parameters, and drawing theoretical pressure and pressure derivative curves by using software;
Step S604: automatically fitting the log-log theoretical template curve and the measured curve of well test interpretation by using a least square method to obtain a fitted curve, a reservoir and key seepage parameters of the fracture;
Step S605: and carrying out further fitting explanation by changing parameter values according to the fitting curve form and the flowing stage characteristics, and finally obtaining reliable fracture network form and conductivity parameters.
5. The utility model provides a compact sandstone gas reservoir hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional exhibition and attribute's well test interpretation device which characterized in that includes:
The first processing unit is used for analyzing the spatial distribution of the tight sandstone gas reservoir volume fracture and the basic characteristics of seepage parameters, classifying and three-dimensionally representing different types of fractures;
The second processing unit is used for extracting a typical spreading mode of the three-dimensional discrete fracture network based on basic characteristics of the compact sandstone gas reservoir volume fracturing reconstruction fracture network, and establishing a well test analysis physical model of the compact sandstone gas reservoir hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional spreading and attribute;
the third processing unit is used for establishing a mathematical model of a well test analysis model of the hydraulic fracture network three-dimensional spreading and attribute of the tight sandstone gas reservoir according to the well test analysis physical model;
The fourth processing unit is used for solving a mathematical model of a well test analysis model of the three-dimensional distribution and attribute of the hydraulic fracture network of the tight sandstone gas reservoir by using a semi-analytic method to obtain a dimensionless bottom hole pressure solution;
The fifth processing unit is used for obtaining a well test interpretation double-logarithm theoretical template curve of the three-dimensional spreading and the attribute of the hydraulic fracture network of the tight sandstone gas reservoir based on dimensionless bottom hole pressure solution;
the sixth processing unit is used for fitting a log-log theoretical template curve of well testing interpretation with measured data and performing well testing interpretation to obtain key seepage parameters of the reservoir and the cracks;
The mathematical model in the third processing unit is established as follows: step S301: establishing a fluid seepage equation and boundary conditions in the artificial crack based on dimensionless parameters and definitions to obtain an artificial crack seepage model; step S302: establishing a fluid seepage equation and boundary conditions in the reservoir based on dimensionless parameters and definitions to obtain a reservoir seepage model;
The fourth processing unit includes the steps of: step S401: the artificial crack seepage model in the step S301 is solved by a semi-analytic method, and the specific steps are as follows: transforming the fluid seepage equation in the step S301 into a Laplace space seepage equation by utilizing Laplace transformation; dividing an artificial crack into a plurality of infinitesimal, wherein each infinitesimal is a two-dimensional plane rectangle, dispersing each infinitesimal by using a finite difference method, solving the intersection flow in the crack by using a star-delta transformation method, and obtaining a finite difference equation set of the flow of a discrete crack system;
The fourth processing unit further includes the steps of: step S402: and solving the reservoir seepage model in the step S302 by using a semi-analytic method, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: transforming the fluid seepage equation in the step 302 into a Laplace space seepage equation by utilizing Laplace transformation; in a mathematical model, fracture infinitesimal is taken as a non-point source, formation fluid continuously flows into the fracture infinitesimal to cause the pressure of a reservoir to continuously decrease, and matrix and natural fracture seepage equations are solved by utilizing Fourier transformation and Laplace transformation to obtain Laplace space three-dimensional point source function solutions; obtaining dimensionless pressure generated by any point in a reservoir by using Laplace space three-dimensional point source function solution, and obtaining dimensionless pressure generated by any point in the reservoir by N F fracture infinitesimal in a discrete fracture network by combining a superposition principle; and taking the geometric center of the crack microcell as a calculation point to obtain dimensionless pressure of the crack microcell and applying the dimensionless pressure to all the crack microcells to obtain N F equation sets containing the pressure and the flow of the crack microcell.
6. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the computer program, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the interpretation method as claimed in any one of claims 1-4.
7. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the interpretation method as claimed in any one of claims 1-4 when the computer program is executed by the processor.
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