CN114329852B - Design method of cement-based sound absorption metal sound barrier unit plate - Google Patents
Design method of cement-based sound absorption metal sound barrier unit plate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a design method of a cement-based sound absorption metal sound barrier unit plate, wherein the cement-based sound absorption metal sound barrier unit plate comprises a porous sound absorption layer, a perforated sound insulation layer and a rear air layer which are arranged along the sound source transmission direction, and the perforated sound insulation layer comprises the following design steps: s1: presetting the perforation radius of the perforated sound insulation layerr(ii) a S2: at a predetermined perforation radiusrNext, the perforation rate is determined for the frequency range of interest for sound absorption
(ii) a S3: determination of perforation rate
Weighted sound insulationR c(ii) a S4: and judging according to the judgment condition Rc which is larger than or equal to the design standard limit value. The invention can realize the common optimization of the sound absorption and sound insulation performance of the structural design of the cement-based sound absorption material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sound absorption plates of metal sound barriers, and particularly relates to a cement-based sound absorption metal sound barrier unit plate with excellent low-frequency sound absorption performance and a design method thereof.
Background
The metal sound barrier is widely applied to the prevention and treatment of outdoor noise of highway, railway, site construction and the like. The cavity formed by the metal shell and the sound absorption material embedded in the cavity form a unit plate which is a core acoustic member of the sound barrier. At present, the sound absorption material applied to the metal sound barrier mainly takes inorganic fiber sound absorption materials as main materials, but the performance of the materials is reduced after the materials are affected with damp, and meanwhile, the materials are soft, crisp and easy to break, and dust pollution is easy to generate. The cement-based sound absorption material using lightweight inorganic materials such as ceramsite and volcanic particles as aggregate has the characteristics of low cost, easy process realization, excellent weather resistance, excellent high-frequency sound absorption performance and the like, and gradually becomes a research hotspot in recent years.
The acoustic member of the railway sound barrier (TB/T3122-2019) specifies the sound absorption coefficient and the weighting sound insulation quantity of each frequency band (125 Hz-4000 Hz) of the sound barrier unit plate. The cement-based porous sound absorption material is used as one of porous material sound absorption materials, and the common porous sound absorption material has the advantages of large high-frequency sound absorption coefficient, small specific gravity and the like, but the low-frequency sound absorption coefficient (0-400 Hz) is poor, and the weighting sound insulation quantity is small; the resonance sound absorption structure can improve the sound absorption coefficient of the concerned frequency, but the sound absorption frequency band is narrow and the processing is difficult; the combined structure of the porous sound absorption material and the resonance sound absorption structure can obtain better acoustic performance, but the cost is high and the processing is difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the structure of the cement-based sound-absorbing material and ensure that the unit panel formed by embedding the cement-based sound-absorbing material into the metal casing has excellent low-frequency sound-absorbing performance and weighted sound insulation.
For the design of an acoustic member, sound absorption and sound insulation are two different performance requirements, and can be respectively reflected by two indexes of a sound absorption coefficient and a weighted sound insulation quantity. When the cement-based sound absorption material is structurally designed, two performance indexes cannot be considered, and the common optimization of sound absorption and sound insulation performance is difficult to obtain. In addition, the structure design method of the existing acoustic member has great hysteresis, after design is finished according to the requirement of one performance index (such as sound absorption coefficient), another performance index (such as sound insulation performance) is verified by methods of actual measurement or evaluation and the like, and if the other performance index does not meet the design requirement, rework and redesign are needed, so that the structure design efficiency is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the existing metal sound barrier, the invention provides a method for designing a cement-based sound absorption metal sound barrier unit plate with excellent low-frequency sound absorption performance, which can realize the joint optimization of the sound absorption and sound insulation performance of the structural design of a cement-based sound absorption material.
Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a design method of a cement-based sound absorption metal sound barrier cell plate, wherein the cement-based sound absorption metal sound barrier cell plate comprises a porous sound absorption layer, a perforated sound insulation layer and a rear air layer which are arranged along the sound source propagation direction, and the perforated sound insulation layer comprises the following design steps:
step S1: presetting the perforation radius of the perforated sound insulation layerr；
Step S2: at a predetermined perforation radiusrNext, the perforation rate is determined for the frequency range of interest for sound absorption
；
Step S3: determination of perforation Rate
Weighted sound insulationR c；
Step S4: judging according to the judgment condition Rc which is larger than or equal to the design standard limit value, and if the judgment condition is met, determining the preset perforation radiusrDesigning aperture for perforating the sound insulation layer, and if the judgment condition is not met, resetting perforation radiusrAnd returning to and repeating the steps S1-S4 until the judgment condition is met.
Wherein, in the step S1, the perforation radius
For the centre frequency in the sound absorption frequency range of interestfThe corresponding wavelength.
Wherein, in the step S2, the perforation rate
Determined by the following equation
Wherein L is the hole center distance of the through holes of the through-hole sound insulation layer,
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,ffor the center frequency in the sound absorption frequency range of interest,d2 is the thickness of the sound insulation layer with holes,d3 is the thickness of the rear air layer;
further, the thickness of the porous sound absorption layer is set tod1, thickness of the sound insulation layer for perforationd2 anddthe relationship of 1 is that,d1 isd2 is 3-5 times.
Wherein, in the step S3, the sound insulation amount is weightedR cIs obtained by the following steps:
step S31: calculating the basic weighting sound insulation amount when the perforated sound insulation layer is not perforatedR 0，
Wherein k is a constant and takes a value of 22,
step S32: calculating the basic transmission coefficient when the perforated sound-insulating layer is not perforated
：
Step S33: calculating the transmission coefficient of the perforated sound insulation layer after perforation
：
Step S34: calculating weighting sound insulation quantity after the perforation sound insulation layer is perforatedR c：
In step S4, the determination condition is that Rc ≧ 17 dB.
In the cement-based sound absorption metal sound barrier unit plate, the porous sound absorption layer is made of lightweight aggregate with the particle size of 1.18-4.75 mm, a cementing material and water in a weight ratio of 5-6: 1: 0.5-0.7; the perforated sound insulation layer is made of lightweight aggregate with the grain size of 0-1.8 mm and the grain size of not 0, a cementing material and water in a weight ratio of 4-5: 1: 0.5-0.7.
The cement-based sound absorption metal sound barrier unit plate comprises an outer frame and a cement-based sound absorption and insulation member, wherein the outer frame is used for installing and fixing the cement-based sound absorption and insulation member, the cement-based sound absorption and insulation member is fixed in the outer frame, the cement-based sound absorption and insulation member comprises a porous sound absorption layer and a perforated sound insulation layer along a sound source transmission direction, and the rear air layer is arranged behind the cement-based sound absorption and insulation member along the sound source transmission direction; the outer frame for installing and fixing the cement-based sound absorption and insulation member is formed by enclosing a metal panel and a metal back plate which are oppositely arranged, a top member and a bottom member which are oppositely arranged, and a pair of side sealing plates which are oppositely arranged, and the cement-based sound absorption and insulation member is fixed in the outer frame through the top member and the bottom member; the rear air layer is formed by the space between the perforated sound insulation layer and the metal back plate.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
in the cement-based sound absorption metal sound barrier unit plate with excellent low-frequency sound absorption performance, compared with the traditional fiber sound absorption material for the metal sound barrier, the cement-based sound absorption material has superior weather resistance and long service life, the porous sound absorption layer of the cement-based sound absorption and insulation plate ensures the medium-high frequency sound absorption performance of the whole unit plate, the perforated sound insulation layer ensures the sound insulation performance of the whole unit plate, and the perforated sound insulation layer and the rear air layer are combined to form the low-frequency resonator to ensure the low-frequency (below 400 Hz) sound absorption performance of the whole unit plate. By providing the optimized design method of the perforated sound insulation layer and associating the design parameters of sound absorption and sound insulation performance together by adopting the association parameters, a one-step design scheme for simultaneously optimizing sound absorption and sound insulation is formed, the design efficiency is improved, the calculated amount is reduced, and the problem of design hysteresis of the structure of the conventional acoustic member is solved. The acoustic defect of the metal sound barrier unit plate with the cement-based material as the embedded sound absorption material is overcome, and the noise reduction requirement of noise sources such as high-speed railways, urban rail transit, highways, construction sites and the like is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cement-based sound-absorbing metal sound barrier cell plate with excellent low-frequency sound-absorbing performance according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of sound absorption coefficient (25-1600 Hz) for example 4 and comparative example 4.
In the figure: 1. a metal panel; 2. a front air layer; 31. a porous sound absorbing layer; 32. perforating the sound insulation layer; 4. a rear air layer; 5. a metal back plate; 6. a top member; 7. a base member.
Detailed Description
The cement-based sound absorption metal sound barrier unit plate with excellent low-frequency sound absorption performance of the invention is explained in detail by combining the attached drawings as follows:
referring to fig. 1, the metal sound barrier unit panel using a cement-based sound absorption and insulation material as a core material and having excellent low-frequency sound absorption performance of the present invention includes an outer frame for mounting and fixing a cement-based sound absorption and insulation member, and the cement-based sound absorption and insulation member fixed in the outer frame, wherein the cement-based sound absorption and insulation member includes a porous sound absorption layer 31 and a perforated sound insulation layer 32 along a sound source propagation direction, and a rear air layer 4 is provided behind the cement-based sound absorption and insulation member along the sound source propagation direction.
The outer frame for installing and fixing the cement-based sound absorption and insulation member can be formed by enclosing a pair of oppositely arranged side sealing plates, a top member 6 and a bottom member 7 which are oppositely arranged, and the cement-based sound absorption and insulation member is fixed in the outer frame through the top member 6 and the bottom member 7. The rear air layer 4 may be formed by a space between the perforated sound-insulating layer 32 and the metal backplate 5.
The cement-based sound absorption and insulation component is a double-layer cement-based sound absorption and insulation material with a perforated back, is a cellular board acoustic core component, and mainly comprises two different structural layers, namely a porous sound absorption layer 31 and a perforated sound insulation layer 32. The porous sound absorption layer 31 mainly ensures the medium-high frequency sound absorption coefficient of the whole unit plate, and the perforated sound insulation layer 32 mainly ensures the weighted sound insulation quantity and the low frequency (0-400 Hz) sound absorption coefficient of the whole unit plate.
The porous sound absorption layer 31 is produced by lightweight aggregate (such as ceramsite, volcanic rock particles, sandstone particles and the like) with larger particle size, a cementing material and water, wherein the particle size of the lightweight aggregate is 1.18-4.75 mm, the cementing material is mainly composed of cement, in order to ensure the strength and the freeze-thaw resistance of the formed plate, a small amount of additional materials such as fiber, a water reducing agent, a thickening agent and the like can be added, and the weight proportions of the components are generally the lightweight aggregate: and (3) cementing materials: water = 5-6: 1: 0.5-0.7.
The perforated sound insulation layer 32 is produced by lightweight aggregate (such as ceramsite, volcanic rock particles, sandstone particles and the like) with small particle size (relative to the lightweight aggregate with large particle size, the lightweight aggregate with small particle size), a cementing material and water, wherein the particle size of the lightweight aggregate is 0-1.8 mm (the particle size is not 0), the cementing material is mainly composed of cement, in order to ensure the strength and the freeze-thaw resistance of the formed plate, a small amount of additional materials such as fiber, a water reducing agent, a thickening agent and the like can be added, and the weight proportion of each component is generally as follows: lightweight aggregate: and (3) cementing materials: water = 4-5: 1: 0.5-0.7.
As some preferred examples, the cement used in the porous sound absorbing layer 31 and the perforated sound insulating layer 32 has a designation of at least 42.5. The perforated sound-insulating layer 32 is formed to have a uniform perforated structure, and the hole diameter, pitch and perforation rate are determined by the following design method.
During production, raw materials of the porous sound absorption layer 31 and the perforated sound insulation layer 32 are respectively proportioned and stirred uniformly, a vibration pressing or pouring process is adopted, two layers of cloth are formed, when the perforated sound insulation layer 32 is formed firstly, a bottom forming tray can be customized according to the design aperture, the hole pitch, the number of holes and the thickness of the perforated sound insulation layer, and when the perforated sound insulation layer 32 is formed later, a secondary pressing pressure head can be designed according to the design aperture, the hole pitch, the number of holes and the thickness of the perforated sound insulation layer. And placing the molded mixture in a curing area for curing after the molded mixture is pressed, and demolding the molded mixture after the strength is reached to form the integral cement-based sound absorption and insulation member.
The metal panel 1, the metal back plate 5, the top member 6, the bottom member 7 and the side sealing plates can form an outer frame in the modes of rivets, bolts, fastening, integral bending forming, integral stamping forming and the like, and the outer frame is an integral framework of the metal sound barrier unit plate. The connection mode is determined according to the application scene and the design strength requirement of the unit board. The metal panel 1, the metal back plate 5, the top member 6, the bottom member 7 and the side sealing plates can be formed separately or partially integrally, for example, the metal panel 1 and the metal back plate 5 can be integrally formed into a U-shaped plate, or the metal back plate 5, the top member 6 and the bottom member 7 can be integrally formed into a C-shaped plate; or the metal panel 1, the top member 6 and the bottom member 7 are integrally molded into an inverted C-shaped plate, and the finally and respectively molded members are connected by rivets, bolts and fasteners to form an outer frame.
The metal panel 1 is the metal panel facing to the sound source side, and for having certain percent opening, the percent opening is generally not less than 25%, and the exemplary type of opening is generally evenly distributed, the diameter is 6~8 mm's round hole or the width is 6~8 mm's strip hole, can make radiated noise (especially high frequency noise) not by the complete reflection, and most energy gets into and is absorbed by sound absorbing material in the metal cavity.
Maintenance shaping cement base is inhaled sound insulation member and is fixed the back through draw-in groove on top component 6 and the bottom component 7, constitutes the unit board jointly with the frame, and metal decking 1 inhales the preceding air bed 2 that exists between the sound insulation member with cement base and receives the standard requirement influence that metal decking 1 and top component 6 junction connecting piece apart from the plate edge, generally gets the standard limit value, can compress its space as far as possible during the design in order to increase the thickness of back air bed 4.
The perforated sound insulation layer 32 is relatively compact and serves as a sound insulation layer, and forms a sound insulation unit together with the rear air layer 4 and the metal back plate 5, so that the unit plate is ensured to have high sound insulation performance.
The perforated sound insulation layer 32 and the rear air layer 4 form a low-frequency sound absorption unit, any one of the holes and the rear air layer 4 uniformly divided along the center of the hole and the boundary of the adjacent holes form a low-frequency resonator, all the perforated sound insulation layers 32 are parallel to the rear air layer 4 for the low-frequency resonators with the number of the holes, and the perforated sound insulation layer has a remarkable improvement effect on the sound absorption coefficient of the targeted frequency (0-400 Hz).
The method for designing the perforated sound insulation layer 32 specifically comprises the following steps:
I. determining the thickness of the porous sound absorption layer 31d1 (m) thickness of the perforated sound-insulating layer 32d2 (m) and the thickness of the rear air layer 4d3 (m); in existing designs, in generald1>0.025m，d1 isd2 is 3-5 times.
II, determining 1/3 octave central frequency needing to improve sound absorption coefficientf(Hz); 1/3 the setting of frequency doubling can meet the corresponding requirements of the standard TB/T3122-2019;
determining the center frequencyfCorresponding wavelength
340/f；
Presetting a perforated half of the perforated sound-insulating layer 32Diameter of piper(m) in general
The aperture radius range of the composite cement-based sound absorption material under the acoustic standard requirement is favorable for reducing the calculated amount;
v. calculating the hole center distance of the perforation of the perforated sound-insulating layer 32L(m)：
Calculating the penetration ratio of the penetrating sound-insulating layer 32
：
VII, calculating the basic weighting sound insulation amount when the perforated sound insulation layer 32 is not perforatedR 0Since the influence of the change of the material components on the weighted sound insulation quantity in the range of the component proportion of the cement-based sound absorption material is small and can be basically ignored, the weighted sound insulation quantity can be considered to be related to the thickness of the cement-based sound absorption material, a constant term k can be a standard term of standard thickness, and can be a value of 22, namely the weighted sound insulation quantity tested according to laboratory measurement (GB19889.3-2005-T) for measuring the air sound insulation of the part 3 building components by the sound insulation of the acoustic building and building components under the condition that a sound insulation layer produced by the cement-based sound absorption material with the thickness of 10mm is not perforated, and the basic weighted sound insulation quantityR 0The calculation is as follows:
calculating the basic transmission coefficient of the perforated sound-insulating layer 32 without perforation
：
IX. calculating the transmission coefficient of the perforated sound-proof layer 32 after perforation
：
X. calculating the weighted sound insulation amount of the perforated sound insulation layer 32 after perforationR c：
XI, if Rc is greater than or equal to the design standard limit, determining step IVrDesign of perforation radius (pore diameter) for perforating sound-insulating layerrOtherwise, further reducing the r value, and repeating the steps IV to XI until the design requirement of the step is met. The design standard limit can be determined according to the design requirement or standard requirement, the general requirement of the standard TB/T3122-2019 on the cell board is more than 30dB, and the minimum design standard limit can be 17 bB.
In the design process, the acoustic characteristics of the cement-based sound absorption material are taken as the basis, reasonable design parameters are determined according to the standard TB/T3122-2019, and the parameters of the sound absorption performance and the sound insulation performance are related by taking the perforation rate as the related parameter, so that the performance indexes of the sound absorption and the sound insulation can be considered simultaneously in the design process, and the purpose of simultaneous optimization is achieved.
The concrete-based sound-absorbing metal sound barrier cell panel having excellent low-frequency sound-absorbing performance according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following specific examples.
Assuming that the thickness d1 of the porous sound absorption layer 31 is 0.05mm, the thickness d2=0.01mm of the perforated sound insulation layer 32, the thickness d3=0.0545mm of the rear air layer 4, the center frequency of sound absorption of low frequency of interestfIs 250Hz。
Through calculation, the following results are obtained: low frequency noise of interest corresponds to a wavelength of
Get it
。
Distance between centers of holes
；
Rate of perforation
；
The basis for the case where the sound-insulating layer 32 is not perforated is weighted,
；
basic transmission coefficient of punched sound insulation layer without punching
；
The transmission coefficient of the perforated sound-insulating layer 32 after perforation,
；
the weighted sound insulation amount of the perforated sound insulation layer 32 after perforation,
and the sound insulation requirement is met, so that the aperture is determined to be 0.002 m.
The test results of the specific frequency sound absorption coefficient and the sound insulation quantity of the plate part embodiment of the cement-based sound absorption metal sound barrier unit designed according to the design method of the invention and having excellent low-frequency sound absorption performance and the comparative example (the comparative example is the corresponding comparative example if the sound insulation layer 32 is not perforated under each working condition) are shown in table 1. Therefore, the cement-based sound absorption metal sound barrier unit plate provided by the design method can be greatly improved in sound absorption and sound insulation performance.
The actual measurement results and theoretical calculated values of the sound absorption coefficient and weighted sound insulation quantity of the plate part embodiment of the cement-based sound absorption metal sound barrier unit designed according to the design method of the invention and having excellent low-frequency sound absorption performance are compared in a table 2. It can be seen that the design value of the invention is basically consistent with the measured value, and the design method of the invention has higher accuracy.
Fig. 2 is a diagram representing example 4 and comparative example 4, which shows the sound absorption performance of the cell plate subjected to the design method of the present invention at different frequencies, and it can be seen that the design of the present invention has a significant improvement in the low frequency range.
Claims (7)
1. A method of designing a cement-based sound-absorbing metallic sound barrier cell panel comprising a porous sound-absorbing layer (31), a perforated sound-insulating layer (32) and a rear air layer (4) arranged along a sound source propagation direction, wherein the perforated sound-insulating layer (32) comprises the following design steps:
step S1: presetting the perforation radius of the perforated sound-insulating layer (32)r；
Step S2: at a predetermined perforation radiusrNext, the perforation rate is determined for the frequency range of interest for sound absorption
；
Step S3: determination of perforation rate
Weighted sound insulationR c；
Step S4: judging according to the judgment condition Rc which is larger than or equal to the design standard limit value, and if the judgment condition is met, determining the preset perforation radiusrThe design aperture of the sound-insulating layer (32) is perforated, and if the determination condition is not met, the perforation radius is resetrReturning to and repeating the steps S1-S4 until the judgment condition is met;
in the step S2, the perforation rate
Is determined by
Wherein L is the hole center distance of the through holes of the through-hole sound insulation layer (32),
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,ffor the center frequency in the sound absorption frequency range of interest,d2 is the thickness of the perforated sound insulation layer (32),d3 is the thickness of the rear air layer (4);
in the step S3, the sound insulation amount is weightedR cIs obtained by the following steps:
step S31: calculating the basic weighting sound insulation amount when the perforated sound insulation layer (32) is not perforatedR 0，
Wherein k is a constant and takes a value of 22,
step S32: calculating the basic transmission coefficient when the perforated sound-insulating layer (32) is not perforated
：
Step S33: calculating the transmission coefficient of the perforated sound-insulating layer (32) after perforation
：
Step S34: calculating the weighted sound insulation amount of the perforated sound insulation layer (32) after perforationR c：
2. The method for designing a cement-based sound absorbing metal sound barrier cell plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the perforation radius is set at step S1
For the center frequency in the sound absorption frequency range of interestfThe corresponding wavelength.
3. The method for designing a cement-based sound-absorbing metallic sound barrier cell plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the porous sound-absorbing layer (31) is formed to have a thickness ofd1, thickness of said perforated sound-insulating layer (32)d2 anddthe relationship of 1 is that,d1 isd2 is 3-5 times.
4. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the condition of Rc ≧ 17dB is determined in step S4.
5. The design method of the cement-based sound absorption metal sound barrier unit plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the cement-based sound absorption metal sound barrier unit plate, the porous sound absorption layer (31) is made of lightweight aggregate with the particle size of 1.18-4.75 mm, a cementing material and water in a weight ratio of 5-6: 1: 0.5-0.7; the perforated sound insulation layer (32) is made of lightweight aggregate with the grain size of 0-1.8 mm and the grain size of not 0, a cementing material and water in a weight ratio of 4-5: 1: 0.5-0.7.
6. The design method of the cement-based sound absorption metal barrier cell plate is characterized in that the cement-based sound absorption metal barrier cell plate comprises an outer frame for installing and fixing a cement-based sound absorption and insulation member and the cement-based sound absorption and insulation member fixed in the outer frame, the cement-based sound absorption and insulation member comprises the porous sound absorption layer (31) and the perforated sound insulation layer (32) along the sound source propagation direction, and the rear air layer (4) is arranged behind the cement-based sound absorption and insulation member along the sound source propagation direction; the outer frame for installing and fixing the cement-based sound absorption and insulation component is formed by enclosing a metal panel (1) and a metal back plate (5) which are arranged oppositely, a top component (6) and a bottom component (7) which are arranged oppositely and a pair of side sealing plates which are arranged oppositely, and the cement-based sound absorption and insulation component is fixed in the outer frame through the top component (6) and the bottom component (7); the rear air layer (4) is formed by the space between the perforated sound-insulating layer (32) and the metal back plate (5).
7. A cement-based sound absorbing metallic sound barrier cell panel obtained by the design method as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 6.
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