CN114329346A - Reasonable well spacing calculation and well arrangement method for three-dimensional development well pattern - Google Patents
Reasonable well spacing calculation and well arrangement method for three-dimensional development well pattern Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reasonable well spacing calculation and well arrangement method for a three-dimensional development well pattern. The method comprises the following steps: s1, dividing development units in the longitudinal direction according to the basic physical properties of the target reservoir, wherein each development unit is overlapped and the seepage fields are mutually independent; s2, obtaining the well spacing suitable for the individual development units according to the following steps; s3, repeating the step S2 aiming at each individual development unit to obtain the reasonable well spacing of all the development units in the three-dimensional well pattern, and realizing the calculation of the well spacing of the three-dimensional development well pattern; s4, deploying horizontal wells according to the reasonable well spacing corresponding to each development unit in the three-dimensional well pattern, and achieving the reasonable well spacing calculation and well arrangement of the three-dimensional development well pattern, wherein the horizontal wells in two adjacent development units are arranged in a staggered mode in the longitudinal direction. The method can overcome the difficulty and the defect that the well spacing limit of the cost bottom line is difficult to obtain quickly and whether the method is feasible or not in the conventional well spacing calculation method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a reasonable well spacing calculation and well arrangement method for a three-dimensional development well pattern, and belongs to the field of oil and gas field development engineering research.
Background
In the development process of the compact reservoir, a method for performing horizontal well three-dimensional well spacing needs to be developed so as to achieve the maximum and optimal development effect. However, the field design and development parameters are numerous, and how to synthesize various geological, engineering and economic parameters and determine the well pattern and the well spacing in the development scheme to achieve the optimal parameter combination is an important engineering problem. When the well pattern well spacing is designed, a series of problems such as geological conditions, engineering conditions, economic conditions and the like need to be comprehensively optimized, and the association rules in the problems are clarified. And further taking the overall benefit as an optimization direction, developing the research of a multivariate collaborative optimization method of the three-dimensional development well pattern, providing guidance for realizing the global optimization and the efficient development of the three-dimensional development well pattern, and providing support and suggestion for the efficient development of the oil reservoir.
At present, in the actual design and construction process of a development site, a common method mainly refers to continuous iterative updating and optimization of adjacent block parameters, site development tests, site experience and numerical simulation. However, various parameter combination methods are very numerous, complete traversal is difficult, time consumption is long, economic cost is high in field practice, and it is difficult to find a globally optimal well pattern and well spacing and parameter combination to achieve an optimal development target. Therefore, a set of well spacing calculation method for three-dimensional development well pattern needs to be provided to provide guidance for subsequent design and development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a well spacing calculation method for a three-dimensional development well pattern, which provides guidance for subsequent development.
The invention provides a reasonable well spacing calculation and well arrangement method for a three-dimensional development well pattern, which comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing development units in the longitudinal direction according to the basic physical properties of a target reservoir, wherein the development units are overlapped and the seepage fields are mutually independent;
s2, obtaining the well spacing applicable to the individual development units according to the following steps:
a) calculating the total cost of the single well;
the total cost of the single well is the sum of the well construction cost and the maintenance cost;
the well construction costs include surface engineering, well drilling completion and fracturing costs;
the maintenance cost comprises all expenses of normal operation and reconstruction construction of the maintenance well after the well is built and before the well is abandoned;
b) single well control reserve N for calculating unit stratum thicknessuni_well_H；
c) Calculating effective seam height H of single welluni_well，
d) Determining a reasonable well spacing boundary under constraint based on cost inverse calculation;
e) judging whether the control reserve discrimination coefficient beta is satisfied1Not less than 1 and well spacing feasibility coefficient beta2The fracturing main body process is more than or equal to 1, if the fracturing main body process is not satisfied, the development cost cannot be offset by the existing fracturing main body process, the scheme is not feasible, and if the fracturing main body process is satisfied, the scheme is feasible;
f) when the scheme is feasible, obtaining the reasonable well spacing of a single development unit according to the following formula;
in the formula, LwellIndicating the well spacing, Nuni_well_HRepresenting single well control reserves, Huni_wellRepresenting the effective seam height of a single well, R representing the planned recovery ratio, SHIndicating reserve abundance of a single layer system, LHRepresents the design average horizontal well length, HlayerRepresents the minor layer thickness;
s3, repeating the step S2 aiming at each individual development unit to obtain the reasonable well spacing of all the development units, and realizing the calculation of the reasonable well spacing of the three-dimensional development well pattern;
s4, deploying horizontal wells according to the reasonable well spacing corresponding to each development unit in the three-dimensional well pattern, and achieving the reasonable well spacing calculation and well arrangement of the three-dimensional development well pattern, wherein the horizontal wells in two adjacent development units are arranged in a staggered mode in the longitudinal direction.
In the above-mentioned well spacing calculation and well spacing method, when the variation interval [ V1, Vn ] of the input parameter V is known]And probability function F (V) occurring in intervalThe maximum likelihood estimation value of the parameter V in the interval is calculated by a statistical algorithm
The maximum likelihood estimation value is used
The value of the parameter V is input, the step is carried into the steps S1 to S4, and the obtained reasonable well spacing L is obtainedwellI.e. the input parameter V is in the interval [ V1, Vn]The optimal reasonable well spacing;
the parameter V represents any input parameter from steps S1-S4, such as calculating the well spacing LwellIn time, the input parameter is single well control reserve Nuni_well_HEffective gap height H of single welluni_wellPlanned recovery R, reserve abundance of Single-layer System SHDesign average horizontal well length LHSmall layer thickness Hlayer(ii) a Calculating Nuni_well_H＝2n1α3LfLLHfSHThe input parameter is the influence coefficient alpha of the oil drainage radius3Average effective support half-seam length L of the crackfLEffective reconstruction factor n1(defined as the ratio of the cumulative length of the active frac reconstruction zone to the cumulative length of the frac reconstruction zone in the horizontal interval length direction, as estimated by the fracturing process and the experience of the adjacent wells in the same formation or adjacent platforms or historical wells), the reserve abundance S of a single-layer systemHCumulative length L of fracturing modification section of single horizontal well along well path directionHf。
In the above well spacing calculation and well placement method, in step S2a), the well construction cost is obtained according to the following formula:
Cuni_well_d＝α1(CvLv+CHLH+CHfLHf)
in the formula, CvRepresents the vertical well drilling completion cost per kilometer in the longitudinal direction, CHRepresents the cost of drilling and completing a horizontal well per kilometer, CHfRepresenting the total construction cost of each kilometer of fracturing section; l isv,LH,LHfRespectively representing design average vertical wellLength, design average horizontal well length and cumulative length of fracture modification section of single horizontal well along well path direction, wherein LH＞LHf(ii) a C caused by difference of actual conditions of site constructionv,CH,CHfAre respectively connected with Lv,LH,LHfWhen the relation is not strictly linear, a piecewise accumulation algorithm is used, namely:
wherein m is1,m2,m3The numbers of the sections split in the vertical well section, the horizontal section and the reconstruction section are respectively, and each parameter corner mark i represents each parameter of the ith section; alpha is alpha1The coefficient generated by reducing the cost caused by intensive operation is expressed and is related to the number of wells of the three-dimensional development well pattern and the process improvement;
the maintenance cost is obtained according to the following formula:
Cuni_well_m＝α2Cuni_well_d
in the formula, alpha2A maintenance cost factor is represented whose value is derived from experience with adjacent wells or adjacent landings or historical wells.
In the well spacing calculation and well arrangement method, in step S2b), the single-well control reserve N per unit formation thickness is obtained according to the following formulauni_well_H：
Nuni_well_H＝2n1α3LfLLHfSH
In the formula, alpha3The influence coefficient of the drainage radius is expressed and defined as alpha3＝RfL/LfLWherein R isfLDenotes the average half-crack length of the crack, LfLRepresents the mean effective propping half-slot length of the fracture, n1Representing an effective reformation coefficient, defined as the ratio of the cumulative length of the effective fracture reformation section to the cumulative length of the fracture reformation section in the direction along the length of the horizontal section, which value is estimated from the empirical values of the fracturing process and adjacent wells of the same formation or adjacent platforms or historical wells, SHIndicating reserve abundance of a single layer system, LHfRepresenting the cumulative length of the fracture modification zone along the well path direction for a single horizontal well.
In the well spacing calculation and well arrangement method, in step S2c), the effective seam height H of the single well is obtained according to the following formulauni_well：
Huni_well＝min(α4HfH,Hlayer)
In the formula, alpha4Representing the effective fracture height influence coefficient, defined as the ratio of the fracture height to the effective supporting fracture height, the value of which is estimated by the fracturing process and the experience value of the adjacent well or the adjacent platform or the historical well of the same stratum, HfHIndicating effective support gap height, HlayerRepresents the small layer thickness, and the operator min (a, B) represents taking the minimum of the variables a and B.
In the above-mentioned well spacing calculation method, in step S2d), the reasonable well spacing boundary under the constraint is determined according to the following steps:
1) obtaining single well controlled reserve N at the bottom line cost according to the following formulauni_well1；
Wherein R represents the average planned recovery ratio of a single well, and P represents the cost price of the crude oil bottom line;
2) obtaining a control reserve discrimination coefficient beta according to the following formula1；
In the formula, Nuni_well_HSingle well control reserve, N, representing unit formation thicknessuni_well1Single well control reserve representing unit formation thickness at bottom line cost;
3) obtaining the limit well spacing L under the condition of cost inverse calculation according to the following formulad_well；
In the formula, n1Representing effective transformation coefficients, determinedDefining the effective ratio of the cumulative length of the fracturing modification section to the cumulative length of the fracturing modification section in the length direction of the horizontal section, SHRepresenting the reserve abundance of the single layer system;
4) obtaining the limit drainage radius L according to the following formulad_well1；
Ld_well1＝2α3LfL
In the formula, alpha3The influence coefficient of the drainage radius is expressed and defined as alpha3＝RfL/LfLWherein R isfLDenotes the average half-crack length of the crack, LfLRepresents the average effective propping half-seam length of the fracture;
5) obtaining a well spacing feasibility coefficient beta according to the following formula2；
β2＝Ld_well1/Ld_well。
The basic principle of the method of the invention is as follows: and judging whether the scheme is feasible or not according to a cost inversion method, and finally obtaining a bottom limit value of the well spacing to realize the calculation of the reasonable well spacing of the three-dimensional well pattern. Specifically, starting from the total cost of a single well, the limit value of the estimated ultimate recoverable reserve (EUR) of the single well is obtained through the ratio of the total cost to the cost oil price, and then the limit value is divided by the planned recovery ratio, so that the control reserve required by the single well can be obtained. And then from the engineering perspective, obtaining the reserve which can be controlled by the single well through the product of the oil drainage area, the reserve abundance and the effective seam height controlled by the single well. When the reserves that can be controlled by a single well are greater than the reserves that need to be controlled by a single well, the development scheme is effective. Further, on the premise of ensuring that the development scheme is effective, the reserve can be controlled to be calculated reversely through a single well, and finally, a reasonable well spacing is obtained.
And when the oil price and the economic index of the bottom line cost are determined, the required single well balance EUR is calculated inversely according to the total life cycle cost of the horizontal well with the given horizontal segment length. Given the reserve abundance of the single development layer, the area required to be controlled under the condition of complete vertical exploitation and incomplete exploitation is inversely calculated according to the expected recovery rate of the scheme, and then the required well spacing to be achieved under the corresponding condition is calculated. Whether the vertical direction can be completely used is determined by the effective seam height and the effective seam height for use and is obtained by post-pressing evaluation. And meanwhile, determining an oil drainage radius influence coefficient and an effective oil drainage radius according to the half length of the effective supporting crack obtained by pilot production and systematic oil and gas reservoir engineering evaluation, thereby determining the actual effective well spacing under the actual fracturing modification effect condition.
The influence coefficient of the drainage radius, the effective drainage radius or the average effective supporting half-crack length of the crack are parameters which are difficult to directly measure at present, and the empirical judgment can be carried out by combining systematic trial production with an oil reservoir engineering method. In addition, a well spacing feasibility or a well spacing feasibility coefficient beta is defined2＝Ld_well1/Ld_wellWhen is beta2When the number is less than 1, the current scheme cannot be realized under given conditions; when beta is2And when the value is larger than or equal to 1, the current scheme is feasible, the higher the value is, the higher the fault tolerance space is from the aspect of well spacing design only, and when the value corresponds to a higher recovery ratio, the feasibility of realizing the high recovery ratio by the reservoir under study needs to be analyzed from other aspects.
In addition, due to the influence of various conditions, there is a drainage radius influence coefficient alpha3Effective gap high influence coefficient alpha4And the values of the bottom line oil price and the like have uncertain parameters, for the parameters, a probability distribution function is established in the upper limit and the lower limit, the segmented interpolation is carried out and the weight value brought into the probability distribution function participates in the model calculation, the influence degree of the final result is further analyzed, the parameters with larger influence are selected to be mainly considered, the segmented interpolation is further refined, the calculation is repeated, the mapping relation is formed, and the foundation is laid for the subsequent analysis.
Aiming at the characteristics of three-dimensional well pattern development, the method can obtain the ultimate recoverable reserve (EUR) limit value of single well evaluation by starting from the total cost of single well and the ratio of the total cost to the cost oil price for each development unit, and then divide the ultimate recoverable reserve value by the planned recovery ratio to obtain the control reserve required by single well. And then from the engineering perspective, obtaining the reserve which can be controlled by the single well through the product of the oil drainage area, the reserve abundance and the effective seam height controlled by the single well. When the reserves that can be controlled by a single well are greater than the reserves that need to be controlled by a single well, the development scheme is effective. Further, on the premise of ensuring that the development scheme is effective, the reasonable well spacing is obtained after the reserve is controlled to be inverted through a single well. The calculation method has the advantages of simple steps, easily understood principle, easily obtained parameters and small calculation difficulty, can reversely calculate the threshold value of the reasonable well spacing by a cost reverse calculation method, realizes the calculation of the reasonable well spacing of each development unit, finally realizes the calculation of the reasonable well spacing of the integral three-dimensional well pattern development well pattern, and can overcome the difficulty and the defect that in the conventional well spacing calculation method, the well spacing boundary of a cost bottom line is difficult to quickly obtain and whether the method is feasible or not.
In addition, when the input parameters are unknown and only the rough range and the distribution probability can be obtained (for example, the oil price is influenced by a plurality of parameters, the rough variation range and the probability of the occurrence of the corresponding price can be known only through the prior known technical scheme and a mathematical model), the maximum likelihood estimation value of the parameters in the interval is obtained by using a probability statistical algorithm, and the maximum likelihood estimation value is taken as the value of the input parameters to be introduced into the method, so that the optimal reasonable well spacing in the given interval recommended by the invention can be quickly and effectively obtained, and the application range of the technical scheme provided by the invention is effectively expanded.
Detailed Description
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The method of the invention is used for carrying out rough and rapid analysis on a certain area, and a single development unit is taken as an example.
The basic parameters given are: the vertical depth is 3500m, the horizontal section length is 2000m, the single well construction cost is 3750 ten thousand yuan, the whole life cycle cost is 2 times of 7500 ten thousand yuan, and the reserve abundance is 80 ten thousand tons/km2The average reserve abundance of the single-layer system is 40 ten thousand tons/km2The average oil layer thickness was 15 m.
According to monitoring and comprehensive analysis, the effective supporting seam half length is 65m and the effective supporting seam height is 10m after fracturing in the area, and assuming that the effective seam height influence coefficient and the oil drainage radius influence coefficient are both 1.5, the effective oil drainage seam height and the effective oil drainage radius are respectively: 15m and 97.5 m. An average oil layer thickness of 15m indicates that the example is fully used vertically.
And according to the length of the horizontal segment, the effective oil drainage radius and the vertical effective utilization coefficient, the obtained real utilization reserve of the single well is 11.7 ten thousand tons. The reverse single well equilibrium EUR is 3.75 ten thousand tons, depending on the baseline oil price and 8% internal yield requirements. Assuming that the planned primary recovery rate is 15% -40%, the inverted single well needs to control the geological reserve and the single well needs to control the area, the obtained inverted well spacing is 313-117 m, and the effective oil drainage radius is 97.5m, the well spacing of the reasonable three-dimensional development well pattern is calculated to be 188 m-117 m, the feasibility coefficient of the well spacing is 1.04-1.66 at the moment, the correspondingly planned primary recovery rate is 25% -40%, and the scheme is feasible.
TABLE 1 reasonable well spacing calculation results for different planned recovery rates
| Planned recovery | 15％ | 20％ | 25％ | 30％ | 35％ | 40％ |
| Single well controlled reserve | 25.00 | 18.75 | 15.00 | 12.50 | 10.71 | 9.38 |
| Area control requirement for single well | 0.63 | 0.47 | 0.38 | 0.31 | 0.27 | 0.23 |
| Inverse well spacing | 313 | 234 | 188 | 156 | 134 | 117 |
| Well spacing feasibility | 0.62 | 0.83 | 1.04 | 1.25 | 1.46 | 1.66 |
Claims (6)
1. A reasonable well spacing calculation and well arrangement method for a three-dimensional development well pattern comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing development units in the longitudinal direction according to the basic physical properties of a target reservoir, wherein the development units are overlapped and the seepage fields are mutually independent;
s2, obtaining the well spacing applicable to the individual development units according to the following steps:
a) calculating the total cost of the single well;
the total cost of the single well is the sum of the well construction cost and the maintenance cost;
the well construction costs include surface engineering, well drilling completion and fracturing costs;
the maintenance cost comprises all expenses of normal operation and reconstruction construction of the maintenance well after the well is built and before the well is abandoned;
b) single well control reserve N for calculating unit stratum thicknessuni_well_H；
c) Calculating effective seam height H of single welluni_well，
d) Determining a reasonable well spacing boundary under constraint based on cost inverse calculation;
e) judging whether the control reserve discrimination coefficient beta is satisfied1Not less than 1 and well spacing feasibility coefficient beta2The fracturing main body process is more than or equal to 1, if the fracturing main body process is not satisfied, the development cost cannot be offset by the existing fracturing main body process, the scheme is not feasible, and if the fracturing main body process is satisfied, the scheme is feasible;
f) when the scheme is feasible, obtaining the reasonable well spacing of a single development unit according to the following formula;
in the formula, LwellIndicating the well spacing, Nuni_well_HRepresenting single well control reserves, Huni_wellRepresenting the effective seam height of a single well, R representing the planned recovery ratio, SHIndicating reserve abundance of a single layer system, LHRepresents the design average horizontal well length, HlayerRepresents the minor layer thickness;
s3, repeating the step S2 aiming at each individual development unit to obtain the reasonable well spacing of all the development units in the three-dimensional well pattern, and realizing the calculation of the reasonable well spacing of the three-dimensional development well pattern;
s4, deploying horizontal wells according to the reasonable well spacing corresponding to each development unit in the three-dimensional well pattern, and achieving the reasonable well spacing calculation and well arrangement of the three-dimensional development well pattern, wherein the horizontal wells in two adjacent development units are arranged in a staggered mode in the longitudinal direction.
2. The well spacing calculation and well placement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the variation interval [ V1, Vn ] of the input parameter V is known]And when the probability function F (V) appears in the interval, the maximum likelihood estimated value of the parameter V in the interval is obtained by using a probability statistical algorithm
The maximum likelihood estimation value is used
The value of the parameter V is input, the step is carried into the steps S1 to S4, and the obtained reasonable well spacing L is obtainedwellI.e. the input parameter V is in the interval [ V1, Vn]The optimal reasonable well spacing;
the parameter V represents an arbitrary input parameter in steps S1 to S4.
3. The well spacing calculation and well placement method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in step S2a), the well construction cost is obtained according to the following formula:
Cuni_well_d＝α1(CvLv+CHLH+CHfLHf)
in the formula, CvRepresents the vertical well drilling completion cost per kilometer in the longitudinal direction, CHRepresents the cost of drilling and completing a horizontal well per kilometer, CHfRepresenting the total construction cost of each kilometer of fracturing section; l isv,LH,LHfRespectively representing the designed average vertical well length, the designed average horizontal well length and the accumulated length of the fracturing modification section of the single horizontal well along the well path direction, wherein LH＞LHf；α1The coefficient generated by reducing the cost caused by intensive operation is expressed and is related to the number of wells of the three-dimensional development well pattern and the process improvement;
the maintenance cost is obtained according to the following formula:
Cuni_well_m＝α2Cuni_well_d
in the formula, alpha2A maintenance cost factor is represented whose value is derived from experience with adjacent wells or adjacent landings or historical wells.
4. A well spacing calculation and well placement method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized by: in the step S2b), the single well control reserve N of the unit stratum thickness is obtained according to the following formulauni_well_H：
Nuni_well_H＝2n1α3LfLLHfSH
In the formula, alpha3The influence coefficient of the drainage radius is expressed and defined as alpha3＝RfL/LfLWherein R isfLDenotes the average half-crack length of the crack, LfLRepresents the mean effective propping half-slot length of the fracture, n1Representing an effective transformation coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of the effective cumulative length of the fracturing transformation section to the cumulative length of the fracturing transformation section in the length direction of the horizontal section, SHIndicating reserve abundance of a single layer system, LHfRepresenting the cumulative length of the fracture modification zone along the well path direction for a single horizontal well.
5. The well spacing calculation and well placement method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein: in the step S2c), the effective seam height H of the single well is obtained according to the following formulauni_well：
Huni_well＝min(α4HfH,Hlayer)
In the formula, alpha4Representing the effective gap height influence coefficient, defined as the ratio of the gap height to the effective supporting gap height, HfHIndicating effective support gap height, HlayerRepresents the small layer thickness, and the operator min (a, B) represents taking the minimum of the variables a and B.
6. The well spacing calculation and well placement method according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein: step S2d), determining a reasonable well spacing boundary under constraint according to the following steps:
1) is obtained according to the following formulaSingle well controlled reserve N at line costuni_well1；
Wherein R represents the average planned recovery ratio of a single well, and P represents the cost price of the crude oil bottom line;
2) obtaining a control reserve discrimination coefficient beta according to the following formula1；
In the formula, Nuni_well_HSingle well control reserve, N, representing unit formation thicknessuni_well1Single well control reserve representing unit formation thickness at bottom line cost;
3) obtaining the limit well spacing L under the condition of cost inverse calculation according to the following formulad_well；
In the formula, n1Representing an effective transformation coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of the effective cumulative length of the fracturing transformation section to the cumulative length of the fracturing transformation section in the length direction of the horizontal section, SHRepresenting the reserve abundance of the single layer system;
4) obtaining the limit drainage radius L according to the following formulad_well1；
Ld_well1＝2α3LfL
In the formula, alpha3The influence coefficient of the drainage radius is expressed and defined as alpha3＝RfL/LfLWherein R isfLDenotes the average half-crack length of the crack, LfLRepresents the average effective propping half-seam length of the fracture;
5) obtaining a well spacing feasibility coefficient beta according to the following formula2；
β2＝Ld_well1/Ld_well。
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