CN114323547A - Device and method for measuring pneumatic load of wind tunnel test - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring pneumatic load of wind tunnel test Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of wind tunnel tests, in particular to a device and a method for measuring pneumatic load of a wind tunnel test, wherein the device comprises an installation module, a spherical ball model, an image acquisition module and a data processing module; the installation module is installed on the wind tunnel test section and used for suspending the spherical ball model in a flow field area of the wind tunnel test section through a suspension wire; the image acquisition module is used for horizontally shooting an image of the spherical ball model from one side of the flow field; the data processing module is connected with the image acquisition module and used for acquiring images at different moments, determining the position of the spherical ball model, fitting a curve changing along with time and calculating the pneumatic load of the spherical ball model in a flow field. The invention can realize non-contact measurement of the pneumatic load in the wind tunnel flow field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind tunnel tests, in particular to a device and a method for measuring a pneumatic load of a wind tunnel test.
Background
In wind tunnel tests, the aerodynamic loading of the model is one of the most common and important measurement items. At present, the aerodynamic load of a model in a wind tunnel is usually obtained by direct measurement means such as a wind tunnel balance, and the aerodynamic coefficient of the model is calculated by combining parameters such as dynamic pressure of a flow field, a model reference area and a reference length. The mode model is in direct contact with the balance, the balance or the balance support rod is positioned in the flow field, certain influence is caused on the wind tunnel flow field, and for pneumatic load measurement of the simple appearance model, the mode based on wind tunnel balance measurement has a more complicated process and higher cost.
Therefore, in order to overcome the above disadvantages, it is necessary to provide a device and a method for measuring the pneumatic load of a non-contact wind tunnel test more simply and conveniently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome at least part of defects, and provides a non-contact wind tunnel test pneumatic load measuring device and method based on image processing, so that interference caused by contact measurement is avoided, and the pneumatic load measuring process is simplified.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a wind tunnel test pneumatic load measuring device, comprising: the device comprises an installation module, a sphere model, an image acquisition module and a data processing module;
the installation module is installed on the wind tunnel test section and used for suspending the spherical ball model in a flow field area of the wind tunnel test section through a suspension wire;
the image acquisition module is used for horizontally shooting an image of the spherical ball model from one side of the flow field;
the data processing module is connected with the image acquisition module and used for acquiring images at different moments, determining the position of the spherical ball model, fitting a curve changing along with time and calculating the pneumatic load of the spherical ball model in a flow field.
Optionally, the mounting module comprises a fixing frame and a supporting frame; wherein,
the support frame is fixed on a spray pipe of the wind tunnel test section and is positioned outside the flow field;
the fixing frame is movably arranged on the supporting frame, is positioned above the flow field and is used for suspending the spherical ball model through a suspension wire.
Optionally, the support frame comprises two parallel support rods, and both support rods are provided with mounting grooves for adjustment;
two ends of the fixing frame are respectively penetrated into the mounting grooves of the supporting rods and can slide along the mounting grooves, and the middle section of the fixing frame is used for setting a suspension wire.
Optionally, the spherical ball model has a gravity greater than the pneumatic load to be measured.
Optionally, the diameter of the spherical ball model meets the requirement of the flow field blockage degree of the wind tunnel test section.
Optionally, the device further comprises a background plate;
the background plate is arranged on one side of the flow field and used for enhancing the contrast of the image of the spherical ball model shot by the image acquisition module.
Optionally, the image acquisition module is arranged outside the wind tunnel, and images of the spherical ball model are shot through an observation window arranged in the wind tunnel test section.
The invention also provides a wind tunnel test pneumatic load measuring method which is realized by adopting the wind tunnel test pneumatic load measuring device, and the method comprises the following steps:
determining the weight and the diameter of the spherical ball model;
suspending the spherical ball model in a wind tunnel test section, recording the length of a suspension line before the spray pipe is opened and the initial position of the spherical ball model, and shooting an image;
opening the spray pipe, and shooting images of the spherical ball model at different moments;
determining the positions of the spherical ball model at different moments based on the shot images;
fitting a curve of the position of the spherical ball model changing along with time in at least one complete period by adopting a sine function, and determining the balance position of the spherical ball model;
calculating a pneumatic load based on the length of the suspension wire and the weight, diameter, initial position, and equilibrium position of the sphere model.
Optionally, the determining the position of the sphere model at different times based on the captured images includes:
determining the pixel diameter of the spherical ball model and the pixel positions of the spherical center at different moments based on the shot images;
and determining the positions of the spherical ball model at different moments based on the diameter of the spherical ball model, the pixel diameter and the pixel position of the spherical center.
Optionally, the expression for calculating the aerodynamic load is:
wherein,Fthe pneumatic load is represented by the pressure of the pneumatic load,Gthe gravity of the spherical ball model is represented,Dthe diameter of the spherical ball model is represented,Lthe length of the suspension wire is shown,ΔX balancingRepresenting the amount of coordinate change of the equilibrium position of the spherical ball model relative to the initial position on the x-axis along the flow field direction,ΔY balancingRepresenting the amount of coordinate change of the equilibrium position of the spherical ball model relative to the initial position on the y-axis in the direction of gravity.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages: the invention provides a wind tunnel test pneumatic load measuring device and method, wherein a spherical model is suspended in a flow field of a wind tunnel, relevant images are shot, the balance position of the spherical model performing simple pendulum-like motion in the wind tunnel test is determined by processing the images, and the pneumatic load caused by the flow field of the wind tunnel is calculated based on the balance position.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a wind tunnel test pneumatic load measuring device in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a wind tunnel test pneumatic load measuring device in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a suspension sphere model of an installation module in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a mounting module in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pendulum-like motion of the spherical ball model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic step diagram of a wind tunnel test aerodynamic load measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 11: a support frame; 12: a fixed mount; 13: a suspension wire; 2: a spherical ball model; 3: a background plate; 4: an image acquisition module; 5: an observation window; 6: a wind tunnel test section; 61: and (4) a spray pipe.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
As described above, generally, the pneumatic load of the wind tunnel model is obtained by a direct measurement means such as a wind tunnel balance, and the model is in direct contact with the balance, the balance or a balance support rod is located in the flow field, which has a certain influence on the wind tunnel flow field, and for the pneumatic load measurement of a simple appearance model, the process of the wind tunnel balance-based measurement method is complicated and the cost is high. With the development of vision measurement or image recognition measurement technology, non-contact measurement means based on image acquisition has more applications. The image-based non-contact measurement technology has the advantages of small interference to the model, high repeatability and the like. Currently, there is no way to directly compute the aerodynamic loading of the model based on images. In view of the above, the invention provides a device and a method for measuring pneumatic load by using a simple pendulum motion law of a spherical ball model, which are used for obtaining the position change condition of the spherical ball model in a wind tunnel test process through image acquisition, performing stress analysis and calculating the pneumatic load borne by the spherical ball model.
Specific implementations of the above concepts are described below.
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 5, a wind tunnel test pneumatic load measuring device (referred to as the device for short) provided by the embodiment of the invention includes an installation module, a sphere model 2, an image acquisition module 4 and a data processing module; specifically, wherein:
the installation module is installed in the wind tunnel test section 6 and used for suspending the spherical ball model 2 in a flow field area of the wind tunnel test section 6 through suspension wires 13. After the spray pipe 61 is opened, air is blown to the flow field area to form a wind tunnel required by the test. The position of the suspension above the suspension wires 13 is preferably adjustable in order to measure aerodynamic loads at different positions in the flow field. The spherical ball model 2 is preferably positioned close to the center line of the flow field in order to ensure that the aerodynamic load applied during the measurement is more stable.
The image acquisition module 4 is used for horizontally shooting the image of the spherical ball model 2 from one side of the flow field of the wind tunnel test section 6. The ball model 2 is shot from one side of the flow field along the horizontal direction, and the ball model 2 does simple pendulum-like motion in the plane vertical to the lens of the image acquisition module 4, namely the image plane, so that the position of the ball model 2 can be accurately identified when the image is processed. The image resolution of the image acquisition module 4 influences the measurement result of the pneumatic load, and the higher the image resolution is, the more accurate the position positioning of the spherical ball model 2 is, and the higher the precision of the measured pneumatic load is. The image capturing module 4 may be a visible light camera, etc. in the prior art, and will not be described herein.
The data processing module is connected with the image acquisition module 4 and used for acquiring images shot by the image acquisition module 4 at different moments, determining the positions of the ball model 2 at different moments based on the images shot by the image acquisition module 4, fitting a curve of the positions of the ball model 2 changing along with time, and calculating the pneumatic load of the ball model 2 in a flow field based on the curve of the positions of the ball model 2 changing along with time.
Fig. 1 shows a front view of the wind tunnel test pneumatic load measuring device viewed horizontally from one side of the flow field of the wind tunnel test section 6, and fig. 2 shows a top view of the device. When the device is used, when the wind tunnel is not blown, the spherical ball model 2 is vertically suspended in front of the outlet of the spray pipe 61, after the wind tunnel blows and forms a stable flow field, the spherical ball model 2 is subjected to the resultant force of gravity and pneumatic load, the position in the flow field is changed in a reciprocating mode to carry out periodic pendulum-like motion, the balance position of the spherical ball model 2 in the pendulum-like motion can be determined by determining the positions of the spherical ball model 2 at different moments and fitting a curve (namely a position-time curve) of which the position changes along with time, and further the pneumatic load of the spherical ball model 2 can be calculated according to the stress analysis of the balance position.
The method adopts an image processing technology to realize the non-contact measurement of the pneumatic load in the wind tunnel flow field, the scheme is simple and easy to implement, the interference of a measuring instrument on a model and the flow field environment is avoided, the measurement precision can be improved by improving the image recognition precision, the pneumatic load at different positions in the flow field area can be conveniently measured, and the method can also be applied to flow field calibration, for example, the pneumatic load of a round ball obtained by measurement based on the method can be compared with the pneumatic load of a round ball obtained by numerical calculation simulation (such as a CFD method), and the method is used for verifying the accuracy of the wind tunnel flow field.
Optionally, the mounting module comprises a fixed frame 12 and a supporting frame 11; the support frame 11 is fixed at the spray pipe 61 of the wind tunnel test section 6, is positioned outside the flow field, and is used for arranging the fixed frame 12 above the spray pipe 61; the fixing frame 12 is movably arranged at the support frame 11, is located above the flow field, and is used for suspending the spherical ball model 2 through a suspension wire 13, that is, the lower end of the suspension wire 13 is connected with the spherical ball model 2, and the upper end is connected with the fixing frame 12. The terms "upper" and "lower" in this section refer to an orientation relative to the ground.
Further, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the supporting frame 11 includes two parallel supporting rods, the two supporting rods are horizontally erected above the spraying pipe 61 of the wind tunnel test section 6, one end of the supporting rod is fixedly connected with the spraying pipe 61, the other end of the supporting rod is used for setting the fixing frame 12, and the two supporting rods are all provided with mounting grooves for adjustment. Two ends of the fixing frame 12 are respectively arranged in the mounting grooves of the two support rods in a penetrating mode and can slide along the mounting grooves, and the middle section of the fixing frame 12 is used for arranging the suspension wire 13. Preferably, in order to ensure that the position of the upper end of the suspension wire 13 does not change, both ends of the fixing frame 12 may be fixed to the fixing frame 12 by means of screw fastening or the like. The length of the suspension wire 13 and the position of the suspension wire 13 arranged on the fixing frame 12 can be adjusted according to actual needs, and preferably, the center of the sphere of the spherical ball model 2 is close to the central line of the spray pipe 61. After the suspension wire 13 and the spherical ball model 2 are fixed, the distance between the spherical ball model 2 and the outlet of the spray pipe 61 can be changed by adjusting the fixed position of the fixing frame 12 in the mounting groove, so that the pneumatic loads at different positions can be measured.
To match the pneumatic load to be measured, it is ensured that the spherical ball model 2 is not blown off to influence the determination of the equilibrium position, optionally the gravity of the spherical ball model 2 is greater than the pneumatic load to be measured. When the weight of the spherical ball model 2 is large enough, the spherical ball model 2 can perform regular pendulum-like motion, otherwise the spherical ball model can irregularly flutter in a flow field.
Considering that the requirements of different wind tunnel flow field blockage degrees are different, in order to avoid that the spherical ball model 2 is too large in damping in the flow field, so that the regularity of the pendulum-like motion is influenced, or too large interference is caused to the flow field distribution, the diameter of the spherical ball model 2 should meet the requirement of the wind tunnel test section on the flow field blockage degree.
After considering the weight and size (i.e. diameter) requirements of the spherical ball model 2, the specific material of the spherical ball model 2 can be selected according to the requirements, and is not further limited herein. The suspension wires 13 are preferably steel wires with a high elastic modulus and a high strength to ensure that the deformation is as small as possible during the measurement process, and other materials can be selected according to actual conditions.
Preferably, in order to improve the clarity of the photographed image so as to more accurately recognize the position of the spherical ball model 2, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the apparatus further includes a background plate 3; the background plate 3 is arranged on one side of the flow field and is respectively arranged on two sides of the spherical ball model 2 together with the image acquisition module 4, and the background plate 3 is used for enhancing the contrast of the image of the spherical ball model 2 shot by the image acquisition module 4. The background plate 3 is preferably mounted on the inner wall of the wind tunnel test section 6, and serves as a background for shooting the spherical model 2, and the color of the background plate can be adjusted according to the color of the spherical model 2, for example, when a black spherical model 2 is adopted, the background plate 3 with light color such as white can be selected so as to identify/observe the spherical model 2.
Optionally, the image acquisition module 4 is disposed outside the wind tunnel, and an image of the spherical ball model 2 is captured through an observation window 5 provided in the wind tunnel test section 6. In the embodiment, the image acquisition module 4 is arranged outside the wind tunnel, so that extra interference to the flow field can be avoided, and a more accurate image can be obtained.
As shown in fig. 6, the invention further provides a wind tunnel test pneumatic load measuring method, which is implemented by using the wind tunnel test pneumatic load measuring device according to any one of the above embodiments, and the method specifically includes the following steps:
Preferably, step 602 further includes adjusting the lens of the image capturing module 4 to be on the same horizontal line with the initial position of the spherical ball model 2, so as to capture the complete image of the spherical ball model 2.
Preferably, step 606 further comprises:
determining the pixel diameter of the spherical ball model 2 based on the photographed imageD 1And the pixel positions of the sphere center of the sphere model 2 at different moments (x,y）；
Diameter based on sphere model 2DPixel diameter of the sphere model 2D 1And the pixel position of the center of the sphere model 2x,y) Determining the position of the sphere model 2 at different times (X,Y）。
In this embodiment, the initial pixel position of the center of the sphere in the image can be expressed as (A)x 0 ,y 0 ) At different times, the relative position between the pixel position of the center of sphere and the initial pixel position is denoted as: (Δx, Δy) The initial position of the spherical model 2 in the actual wind tunnel is denoted by (X 0 , Y 0 ) At different times, the relative position between the position of the spherical ball model 2 and the initial position is represented by (ΔX, ΔY) Therein is disclosedΔX=Δx×D/D 1，ΔY=Δy×D/D 1 。
As shown in fig. 5, in step 608, a sine function is used to fit a curve of the position of the spherical ball model 2 in a complete cycle or multiple cycles along with time change, so as to obtain a balance position of the spherical ball model 2 during the pendulum-like motion, a solid line circle in fig. 5 represents a boundary position of the pendulum-like motion, a dotted line circle indicated by an arrow represents the balance position, and at the balance position, a resultant force of gravity and a pneumatic load of the spherical ball model 2 is along the direction of the suspension line 13. By recording the position change of the spherical ball model 2 in one or more periods and fitting the form of the sine function to solve, the position error caused by low image frame frequency can be reduced, and the position accuracy is improved.
Further, in step 610, the pneumatic load is calculated by the expression:
wherein,Fthe pneumatic load is represented by the pressure of the pneumatic load,Gthe gravity of the spherical ball model is represented,Dthe diameter of the spherical ball model is represented,Lthe length of the suspension wire is shown,ΔX balancingRepresenting the amount of coordinate change of the equilibrium position of the spherical ball model 2 with respect to the initial position on the x-axis in the direction of the flow field,ΔY balancingThe coordinate change amount of the equilibrium position of the spherical ball model 2 with respect to the initial position on the y-axis in the gravity direction is represented.
In summary, the invention provides a wind tunnel test pneumatic load measuring method, and the pneumatic load measurement under different wind tunnel states and different pneumatic loads can be realized by replacing the spherical ball model. Meanwhile, the method adopts a mode of fitting data points by a sine function, so that the measurement error is reduced, and the measurement accuracy of the pneumatic load is improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A wind tunnel test pneumatic load measuring device is characterized by comprising: the device comprises an installation module, a sphere model, an image acquisition module and a data processing module;
the installation module is installed on the wind tunnel test section and used for suspending the spherical ball model in a flow field area of the wind tunnel test section through a suspension wire;
the image acquisition module is used for horizontally shooting an image of the spherical ball model from one side of the flow field;
the data processing module is connected with the image acquisition module and used for acquiring images at different moments, determining the position of the spherical ball model, fitting a curve changing along with time and calculating the pneumatic load of the spherical ball model in a flow field.
2. The wind tunnel test pneumatic load measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mounting module comprises a fixed frame and a supporting frame; wherein,
the support frame is fixed on a spray pipe of the wind tunnel test section and is positioned outside the flow field;
the fixing frame is movably arranged on the supporting frame, is positioned above the flow field and is used for suspending the spherical ball model through a suspension wire.
3. The wind tunnel test pneumatic load measuring device according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the supporting frame comprises two parallel supporting rods, and mounting grooves for adjustment are formed in the supporting rods;
two ends of the fixing frame are respectively penetrated into the mounting grooves of the supporting rods and can slide along the mounting grooves, and the middle section of the fixing frame is used for setting a suspension wire.
4. The wind tunnel test pneumatic load measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the gravity of the spherical ball model is larger than the pneumatic load to be measured.
5. The wind tunnel test pneumatic load measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the diameter of the spherical ball model meets the requirement of the flow field blockage degree of the wind tunnel test section.
6. The wind tunnel test pneumatic load measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device further comprises a background plate;
the background plate is arranged on one side of the flow field and used for enhancing the contrast of the image of the spherical ball model shot by the image acquisition module.
7. The wind tunnel test pneumatic load measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the image acquisition module is arranged on the outer side of the wind tunnel, and images of the spherical ball model are shot through an observation window arranged in the wind tunnel test section.
8. A wind tunnel test pneumatic load measuring method is characterized by being realized by the wind tunnel test pneumatic load measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and comprising the following steps of:
determining the weight and the diameter of the spherical ball model;
suspending the spherical ball model in a wind tunnel test section, recording the length of a suspension line before the spray pipe is opened and the initial position of the spherical ball model, and shooting an image;
opening the spray pipe, and shooting images of the spherical ball model at different moments;
determining the positions of the spherical ball model at different moments based on the shot images;
fitting a curve of the position of the spherical ball model changing along with time in at least one complete period by adopting a sine function, and determining the balance position of the spherical ball model;
calculating a pneumatic load based on the length of the suspension wire and the weight, diameter, initial position, and equilibrium position of the sphere model.
9. The wind tunnel test pneumatic load measuring method according to claim 8, wherein the determining the positions of the spherical ball model at different times based on the shot images comprises:
determining the pixel diameter of the spherical ball model and the pixel positions of the spherical center at different moments based on the shot images;
and determining the positions of the spherical ball model at different moments based on the diameter of the spherical ball model, the pixel diameter and the pixel position of the spherical center.
10. The wind tunnel test aerodynamic load measurement method according to claim 8, wherein the expression for calculating aerodynamic load is:
wherein,Fthe pneumatic load is represented by the pressure of the pneumatic load,Gthe gravity of the spherical ball model is represented,Dthe diameter of the spherical ball model is represented,Lthe length of the suspension wire is shown,ΔX balancingRepresenting the amount of coordinate change of the equilibrium position of the spherical ball model relative to the initial position on the x-axis along the flow field direction,ΔY balancingRepresenting the amount of coordinate change of the equilibrium position of the spherical ball model relative to the initial position on the y-axis in the direction of gravity.
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Application publication date: 20220412 |