CN114321181A - Aluminum profile treatment process, aluminum profile and precision guide rail - Google Patents
Aluminum profile treatment process, aluminum profile and precision guide rail Download PDFInfo
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- CN114321181A CN114321181A CN202111595092.9A CN202111595092A CN114321181A CN 114321181 A CN114321181 A CN 114321181A CN 202111595092 A CN202111595092 A CN 202111595092A CN 114321181 A CN114321181 A CN 114321181A
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 189
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 189
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003878 thermal aging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004441 surface measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum profile treatment process, which comprises the following steps: (1) providing an aluminum profile: the outer contour of the aluminum profile is rectangular; (2) roughly machining the outer surface of the aluminum profile; (3) removing the residual stress of the aluminum profile; (4) finely machining the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side surface and the rear side surface of the aluminum profile; (5) and coating wear-resistant layers on the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side and the rear side of the aluminum profile. By adopting the aluminum profile treatment process provided by the invention, the residual stress of the aluminum profile can be effectively reduced, the dimensional stability of the aluminum profile is improved, the aluminum profile is prevented from being easily cracked and deformed, and the use performance of the aluminum profile is improved; the processing technology simultaneously improves the processing precision of the aluminum profile and provides quality guarantee for the processed product of the rear-end aluminum profile; the processing technology improves the wear resistance of the aluminum profile and prolongs the service life of the aluminum profile, and the invention also provides the aluminum profile and the precision guide rail manufactured by the aluminum profile processing technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aluminum profile treatment process, an aluminum profile and a precision guide rail.
Background
The aluminum profile has excellent machinability, products with different forms can be processed by processes such as extrusion, stretching and the like, the mechanical properties (such as residual stress), processing precision and other factors of the aluminum profile greatly influence the service performance of the aluminum profile, for example, the aluminum profile with high residual stress has poor dimensional stability and is easy to crack and deform, and the aluminum profile with low processing precision can cause disqualification and even rejection of the products; and the existing aluminum profile has generally low wear resistance, and the existing process of the aluminum profile particularly applied to the precise guide rail cannot meet the requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the aluminum profile treatment process, which can effectively reduce the residual stress of the aluminum profile and improve the processing precision of the aluminum profile, and also provides the aluminum profile prepared by adopting the aluminum profile treatment process.
The invention adopts a technical scheme that: the aluminum profile treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) providing an aluminum profile: the outer contour of the aluminum profile is rectangular;
(2) roughly machining the outer surface of the aluminum profile;
(3) removing the residual stress of the aluminum profile;
(4) finely machining the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side surface and the rear side surface of the aluminum profile;
(5) and coating wear-resistant layers on the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side and the rear side of the aluminum profile.
As an improvement to the above, the step of roughly machining the outer surface of the aluminum profile includes roughly grinding each outer surface of the aluminum profile in sequence, and removing burrs, sand holes, and flashes on each outer surface of the aluminum profile.
As an improvement to the above scheme, the step of removing the residual stress of the aluminum profile comprises:
a. heating: placing the roughly processed aluminum profile into an aging furnace, and heating to 178-185 ℃;
b. and (3) heat preservation: keeping the temperature of the aluminum profile in the furnace at 178-185 ℃ for 8-8.5 h;
c. cooling: cooling the aluminum profile in the furnace to 45-50 ℃;
d. and (3) cooling: cooling the aluminum profile to room temperature in air.
In the step a, the heating time is set to be 25-35 min, and the aluminum profile is heated to 185 ℃.
As an improvement to the scheme, in the step b, the aluminum profile is kept warm in the furnace for 8.5 hours at the temperature of 185 ℃.
In the step c, the temperature in the aluminum profile furnace is reduced to 48 ℃, and the time for reducing the temperature is set to be 8.5-9 hours.
In the step (4), after finish machining, the planeness of the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side surface and the rear side surface of the aluminum profile is 0.003-0.004 mm, the verticality of the two intersecting surfaces is not more than 0.01mm, and the parallelism of the two opposite surfaces is not more than 0.01 mm.
In the step (5), ceramic coating is thermally sprayed on the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side surface and the rear side surface of the aluminum profile to form a ceramic coating, the particle size of the ceramic coating is 15-90 micrometers, and the thickness of the ceramic coating is 0.12-0.35 mm.
The invention also provides an aluminum profile which is prepared by the aluminum profile treatment process.
The invention also provides a precision guide rail which is prepared from the aluminum profile.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the aluminum profile treatment process provided by the invention can effectively reduce the residual stress of the aluminum profile, improve the dimensional stability of the aluminum profile, prevent the aluminum profile from being easy to crack and deform and improve the service performance of the aluminum profile; the processing technology simultaneously improves the processing precision of the aluminum profile and provides quality guarantee for the processed product of the rear-end aluminum profile; the processing technology improves the wear resistance of the aluminum profile and prolongs the service life of the aluminum profile, and the invention also provides the aluminum profile and the precision guide rail manufactured by the aluminum profile processing technology.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It is to be noted that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Similarly, the following examples are only some but not all examples of the present invention, and all other examples obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides an aluminum profile treatment process, which is used for removing residual stress and performing surface processing treatment on an aluminum profile so as to effectively reduce the residual stress of the aluminum profile, improve the poor dimensional stability of the aluminum profile, improve the processing precision and the wear resistance of the aluminum profile and improve the service performance of the aluminum profile.
The aluminum profile treatment process provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) providing an aluminum profile, wherein the outer contour of the aluminum profile is rectangular:
the aluminum profile is an aluminum profile with a preset shape and size specifications, which is obtained after a stretching treatment process, in the embodiment, the longitudinal section of the aluminum profile is rectangular, square-shaped or square-shaped, or the like, the aluminum profile is provided with an upper surface, a lower surface, a front side surface and a rear side surface which are opposite, and the aluminum profile can be of a hollow structure or a solid structure.
It is understood that in other embodiments, the longitudinal section of the aluminum profile may also be i-shaped, H-shaped, or Z-shaped.
(2) Roughly processing the outer surface of the aluminum profile:
and carrying out rough machining on the aluminum profile to ensure that the aluminum profile meets the use requirements of finish machining and rear section machining.
Preferably, before the aluminum profile is subjected to rough machining, basic inspection is further performed, such as whether the aluminum profile is deformed or not, and whether the surface of the aluminum profile is obviously scratched or not, galling, bubbles, cracks, air holes and the like, so as to ensure that the aluminum profile meets the rough machining requirement.
(3) Removing the residual stress of the aluminum profile:
the aluminum profile is affected by various factors in the manufacturing process, and when the factors disappear, part of the factors still have the effect and influence to remain in the aluminum profile, namely the residual stress of the aluminum profile.
The residual stress has great negative effects on the fatigue strength, the dimensional stability and the service life of the aluminum profile, and in the actual production, the aluminum profile needs to be subjected to residual stress removal treatment to reduce the negative effects.
(4) The upper surface, the lower surface, the front side and the back side of the finish machining aluminum profile:
carry out finish machining through dedicated finish machining platform right the upper surface, lower surface, leading flank and the trailing flank of aluminium alloy carry out finish machining, in this step, through finish machining the plane degree of the upper surface, lower surface, leading flank and the trailing flank of aluminium alloy reaches 0.003 ~ 0.004mm, and the straightness that hangs down of crossing two sides is no longer than 0.01 ~ 0.015mm, and the depth of parallelism of relative two sides is no longer than 0.01 ~ 0.015 mm.
The aluminum profile after the residual stress is removed is subjected to finish machining, the dimensional stability of the aluminum profile is greatly improved, the finish machining precision can be further guaranteed, and the quality of the aluminum profile is improved.
(5) Coating wear-resistant layers on the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side and the rear side of the aluminum profile:
and the outer surface of the aluminum profile subjected to finish machining is coated with a wear-resistant layer, so that the wear resistance of the aluminum profile is improved, and the service life of the aluminum profile is prolonged.
Further, in the step (2), the step of roughly processing the outer surface of the aluminum profile includes roughly grinding each outer surface (upper surface, lower surface, front side, rear side, left side and right side) of the aluminum profile in sequence, and removing burrs, sand holes, flashes and the like on each outer surface of the aluminum profile.
Further, in the step (3), the step of removing the residual stress of the aluminum profile includes:
a. heating: placing the roughly processed aluminum profile into an aging furnace, and heating to 178-185 ℃;
furthermore, the heating time is set to be 25-35 min, and the aluminum profile is heated to 185 ℃. Preferably, the heating time is set to be 30-35 min.
b. And (3) heat preservation: keeping the temperature of the aluminum profile in the furnace at 178-185 ℃ for 8-8.5 h;
furthermore, the aluminum profile is insulated in a furnace for 8.5 hours at the temperature of 185 ℃.
c. Cooling: cooling the aluminum profile in the furnace to 45-50 ℃;
furthermore, the temperature in the aluminum profile furnace is reduced to 48 ℃, and the temperature reduction time is set to be 8.5-9 h.
Preferably, the cooling time is set to 9 h.
d. And (3) cooling: cooling the aluminum profile to room temperature in air.
In the prior art, methods for removing residual stress of aluminum profiles are generally as follows:
a natural aging method: stress is eliminated by natural placement, and the aluminum profile needs to be exposed outdoors for several months or even years, so that the dimensional precision of the aluminum profile is stable. The method is too long in time consumption and difficult to adapt to the requirements of modern science and technology and production.
② thermal aging method: the aluminum profile is placed into a thermal aging furnace for heat treatment, so that stress is slowly eliminated, and the thermal aging furnace needs electricity or natural gas as fuel, so that the method has extremely high energy consumption and low environmental protection degree.
The method for eliminating stress by vibration aging comprises the following steps: the stress relief device is formed by mechanical assembly, can enable an aluminum profile to achieve the effect of relieving stress in a short time, achieves the purpose of relieving residual stress by a multi-vibration type processing method of optimizing five frequencies through frequency spectrum analysis, and can achieve the effect of relieving stress by clamping a vibration exciter on the aluminum profile for vibration, but the method can only relieve 23% of the residual stress.
The aluminum profile treatment process provided by the invention has the advantages that the time consumption of the step of removing the residual stress of the aluminum profile is greatly shortened, the energy consumption is relatively low, more than 50% of the residual stress of the aluminum profile can be eliminated through the treatment of removing the residual stress of the aluminum profile, the residual stress of the aluminum profile is effectively reduced, the dimensional stability of the aluminum profile is improved, the aluminum profile can be effectively prevented from being easily cracked and deformed, the service performance of the aluminum profile is improved, and the service life of the aluminum profile is prolonged.
Further, after the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side surface and the back side surface of the aluminum profile are subjected to finish machining treatment in the step (4), the flatness of the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side surface and the back side surface of the aluminum profile is 0.003mm, the roughness of the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side surface and the back side surface of the aluminum profile is Ra0.3, the verticality of two intersecting surfaces is not more than 0.01mm, and the parallelism of two opposite surfaces is not more than 0.01 mm.
The aluminum profile after the finish machining treatment is high in machining precision, the finish machining in the step (4) is carried out after the residual stress is removed in the step (3), the dimensional stability of the aluminum profile is greatly improved, the finish machining precision can be further guaranteed, and the quality stability of the aluminum profile is improved.
After the finish machining treatment of the surfaces of the aluminum profile in the step (4), the aluminum profile also has the defects of poor wear resistance, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, so that the wear-resistant layer spraying treatment in the step (5) is carried out on the finish machined aluminum profile, the wear resistance, the high temperature resistance and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum profile are improved, and the service life of the aluminum profile is further prolonged.
Further, in the step (5), ceramic paint is sprayed on the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side surface and the rear side surface of the aluminum profile, the wear-resistant layer formed on the outer surface of the aluminum profile is a ceramic coating, and the hardness of the aluminum profile is improved while the wear resistance, the high temperature resistance and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum profile are improved.
Furthermore, the particle size of the ceramic coating is 15-90 μm, such as 15 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 45 μm, 55 μm, 60 μm, 65 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 85 μm, 90 μm, and the like; the thickness of the ceramic coating is 0.12-0.35 mm, such as 0.12mm, 0.23mm, 0.26mm, 0.3mm, 0.32mm, 0.35mm and the like.
In order to improve the adhesive force, the particle size of the ceramic coating is 15-40 μm, such as 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm and the like.
Through the detection of wear resistance, compared with the aluminum profile which is not sprayed with the ceramic coating and is obtained through finish machining in the step (4), the aluminum profile sprayed with the ceramic coating has the advantages that the wear resistance is improved by 18-30%, and the high temperature resistance, the corrosion resistance and the hardness are improved.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an aluminum profile, which is prepared by the aluminum profile treatment process provided by the embodiment, and the aluminum profile can be used for rear end processing to prepare equipment hoods, supports, assembly line workbenches, workshop safety fences, goods shelves, doors, windows, curtain walls and other products in the decoration industry.
Furthermore, the flatness of the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side surface and the rear side surface of the aluminum profile reaches 0.003-0.004 mm, the verticality of two intersecting surfaces does not exceed 0.01-0.015 mm, and the parallelism of two opposite surfaces does not exceed 0.01-0.015 mm.
Furthermore, the flatness of the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side surface and the rear side surface of the aluminum profile is 0.003mm, the roughness is Ra0.3, the verticality of the two intersecting surfaces is not more than 0.01mm, and the parallelism of the two opposite surfaces is not more than 0.01 mm.
The aluminum profile is high in machining precision, high in residual stress removal rate and stable in size, the ceramic coating is coated on the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side face and the rear side face of the aluminum profile, the hardness of the aluminum profile is improved while the wear resistance, the high temperature resistance and the corrosion resistance are improved, the aluminum profile requirements of outdoor application are particularly met, and meanwhile the application on a precision guide rail can be met.
The definition and measurement method of terms/parameters/indexes related in the invention are as follows:
flatness degree: refers to the amount of variation of the measured actual surface to its ideal plane. The measurement can be carried out by adopting a flat-crystal interference method, a surface measurement method, a light beam plane method or a laser flatness measurement method.
Roughness: refers to the small pitch and small peak-to-valley unevenness of the machined surface. The measurement can be carried out by a comparison method or a contact pin method.
Perpendicularity: the index is an index for limiting the amount of fluctuation of the actual element in the vertical direction to the reference plane, and is the distance between two planes which are perpendicular to the reference plane and are the farthest from each other and which include the point on the plane to be measured. The detection can be performed by using a verticality measuring instrument or a three-coordinate measuring instrument.
Parallelism: the degree of parallelism of two planes refers to the maximum allowable error value of the parallelism of one plane relative to the other plane, and specifically refers to the distance between the two planes which are parallel to the reference plane and contain the plane to be measured and have the closest distance. The detection can be carried out by adopting a deflection instrument, a dial indicator, a data acquisition instrument, an image measuring instrument or a three-coordinate measuring instrument.
Wear resistance: the wear resistance is a measurement variable in frictional wear tests. The wear resistance of a material is often expressed in terms of wear rate G, which is calculated by the formula:
G＝(m1-m2)/A
wherein G is the wear rate of the material, G/cm 2;
m1, m2 — mass loss before and after material wear, g;
a-area of material specimen worn, cm 2.
The lower the wear rate G value of the material, the better the wear resistance of the material.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The aluminum profile treatment process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) providing an aluminum profile: the outer contour of the aluminum profile is rectangular;
(2) roughly machining the outer surface of the aluminum profile;
(3) removing the residual stress of the aluminum profile;
(4) finely machining the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side surface and the rear side surface of the aluminum profile;
(5) and coating wear-resistant layers on the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side and the rear side of the aluminum profile.
2. The aluminum profile treatment process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of roughly machining the outer surface of the aluminum profile comprises the step of roughly grinding each outer surface of the aluminum profile in sequence to remove burrs, sand holes and flashes on each outer surface of the aluminum profile.
3. The aluminum profile treatment process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of removing the residual stress of the aluminum profile comprises the following steps:
a. heating: placing the roughly processed aluminum profile into an aging furnace, and heating to 178-185 ℃;
b. and (3) heat preservation: keeping the temperature of the aluminum profile in the furnace at 178-185 ℃ for 8-8.5 h;
c. cooling: cooling the aluminum profile in the furnace to 45-50 ℃;
d. and (3) cooling: cooling the aluminum profile to room temperature in air.
4. The aluminum profile treatment process according to claim 3, wherein in the step a, the heating time is set to be 25-35 min, and the aluminum profile is heated to 185 ℃.
5. The aluminum profile treatment process as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step b, the aluminum profile is kept warm in a furnace at 185 ℃ for 8.5 h.
6. The aluminum profile treatment process according to claim 3, wherein in the step c, the temperature of the aluminum profile in the furnace is reduced to 48 ℃, and the temperature reduction time is set to be 8.5-9 h.
7. The aluminum profile treatment process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), after the finish machining, the flatness of the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side surface and the rear side surface of the aluminum profile is 0.003-0.004 mm, the verticality of the two intersecting surfaces is not more than 0.01mm, and the parallelism of the two opposite surfaces is not more than 0.01 mm.
8. The aluminum profile treatment process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), ceramic coatings are thermally sprayed on the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side surface and the rear side surface of the aluminum profile to form ceramic coatings, the particle size of the sprayed ceramic coatings is 15-90 μm, and the thickness of the ceramic coatings is 0.12-0.35 mm.
9. An aluminum profile, characterized in that the aluminum profile is prepared by the aluminum profile treatment process of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A precision guide rail, characterized in that it is produced from the aluminum profile of claim 9.
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| CN202111595092.9A CN114321181A (en) | 2021-12-24 | 2021-12-24 | Aluminum profile treatment process, aluminum profile and precision guide rail |
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| CN103071965A (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2013-05-01 | 东莞市安利通用机械设备有限公司 | Aluminum product processing method |
| CN104233125A (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2014-12-24 | 无锡市森信精密机械厂 | Thin-wall aluminum alloy material tube-shell part cutting processing heat treatment process |
| CN105200359A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2015-12-30 | 江苏豪然喷射成形合金有限公司 | Heat treatment method capable of reducing stress of spray-formed 7000 series aluminum alloy products |
| CN107186437A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-09-22 | 江苏苏铃精工机械有限公司 | Three coordinate aluminium section bar processing technologys |
| CN108115360A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-06-05 | 天门市燎原环保装饰材料股份有限公司 | Processing aluminum product |
-
2021
- 2021-12-24 CN CN202111595092.9A patent/CN114321181A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103071965A (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2013-05-01 | 东莞市安利通用机械设备有限公司 | Aluminum product processing method |
| CN103056615A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2013-04-24 | 贵州航天南海科技有限责任公司 | Processing process of array panel of array face frame parts |
| CN104233125A (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2014-12-24 | 无锡市森信精密机械厂 | Thin-wall aluminum alloy material tube-shell part cutting processing heat treatment process |
| CN105200359A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2015-12-30 | 江苏豪然喷射成形合金有限公司 | Heat treatment method capable of reducing stress of spray-formed 7000 series aluminum alloy products |
| CN107186437A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-09-22 | 江苏苏铃精工机械有限公司 | Three coordinate aluminium section bar processing technologys |
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