CN114321181A - Aluminum profile processing technology, aluminum profiles and precision guide rails - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an aluminum profile processing process. The aluminum profile processing process includes the following steps: (1) providing an aluminum profile: the outer contour of the aluminum profile is rectangular; (2) rough machining the outer surface of the aluminum profile; (3) Remove the residual stress of the aluminum profile; (4) Finish the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side and the back side of the aluminum profile; (5) Coat the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side and the back side of the aluminum profile Grinding layer. The aluminum profile treatment process provided by the present invention can effectively reduce the residual stress of the aluminum profile, improve the dimensional stability of the aluminum profile, prevent the aluminum profile from being easily cracked and deformed, and improve the use performance of the aluminum profile; the treatment process simultaneously improves the aluminum profile. The processing accuracy of the aluminum profile provides quality assurance for the processed products of the back-end aluminum profile; the treatment process improves the wear resistance of the aluminum profile and prolongs the service life of the aluminum profile. The present invention also provides a processing technology using the aluminum profile The prepared aluminum profiles and precision guide rails.

Description

Aluminum profile processing technology, aluminum profiles and precision guide rails

technical field

The invention relates to an aluminum profile processing technology, an aluminum profile and a precision guide rail.

Background technique

Aluminum profiles have excellent machinability, and can be processed into different shapes through extrusion, stretching and other processes. The mechanical properties of aluminum profiles (such as their residual stress), processing accuracy and other factors have a greater impact on the performance of aluminum profiles. , For example, aluminum profiles with high residual stress have poor dimensional stability, easy to crack and deform, and aluminum profiles with low machining accuracy will lead to unqualified products or even scrap; and the existing aluminum profiles are generally low in wear resistance, especially for applications The existing technology of aluminum profiles on precision guide rails cannot meet the requirements.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an aluminum profile processing process, which can effectively reduce the residual stress of the aluminum profile and improve the processing accuracy of the aluminum profile. The obtained aluminum profile.

A technical solution adopted in the present invention is to provide an aluminum profile treatment process, comprising the following steps:

(1) Provide aluminum profiles: the outer contour of the aluminum profiles is rectangular;

(2) rough machining the outer surface of the aluminum profile;

(3) Remove the residual stress of aluminum profiles;

(4) Finishing the upper surface, lower surface, front side and rear side of the aluminum profile;

(5) Coat the wear-resistant layer on the upper surface, lower surface, front side and rear side of the aluminum profile.

As an improvement to the above solution, the step of roughing the outer surface of the aluminum profile includes sequentially rough grinding the outer surfaces of the aluminum profile to remove burrs, blisters and flashes on the outer surfaces of the aluminum profile. .

As an improvement to the above solution, the step of removing the residual stress of the aluminum profile includes:

a. Heating: put the rough-processed aluminum profile into an aging furnace and heat it to 178-185°C;

b. Heat preservation: at a temperature of 178 to 185 ° C, the aluminum profile is kept in the furnace for 8 to 8.5 hours;

c. Cooling down: cooling the aluminum profile furnace to 45-50°C;

d. Cooling: Cool the aluminum profile to room temperature in air.

As an improvement to the above scheme, in step a, the heating time is set to 25-35 min, and the aluminum profile is heated to 185°C.

As an improvement to the above scheme, in step b, at a temperature of 185° C., the aluminum profile is kept in the furnace for 8.5 hours.

As an improvement to the above scheme, in step c, the temperature in the aluminum profile furnace is lowered to 48° C., and the cooling time is set to 8.5-9 hours.

As an improvement to the above scheme, in step (4), after finishing, the flatness of the upper surface, lower surface, front side and rear side of the aluminum profile is 0.003-0.004mm, and the perpendicularity of the two intersecting surfaces does not exceed 0.01 mm, the parallelism of the opposite sides shall not exceed 0.01mm.

As an improvement to the above scheme, in step (5), ceramic coating is thermally sprayed on the upper surface, lower surface, front side and rear side of the aluminum profile to form a ceramic coating, and the particle size of the sprayed ceramic coating is 15～15 90 μm, and the thickness of the ceramic coating is 0.12-0.35 mm.

The present invention also provides an aluminum profile, the aluminum profile is prepared by the above-mentioned aluminum profile processing process.

The present invention also provides a precision guide rail prepared from the above-mentioned aluminum profile.

Beneficial effects: different from the prior art, the aluminum profile treatment process provided by the present invention can effectively reduce the residual stress of the aluminum profile, improve the dimensional stability of the aluminum profile, prevent the aluminum profile from being easily cracked and deformed, and improve the usability of the aluminum profile. The processing technology improves the processing accuracy of the aluminum profiles at the same time, and provides quality assurance for the processed products of the back-end aluminum profiles; the processing technology improves the wear resistance of the aluminum profiles and prolongs the service life of the aluminum profiles. The invention also provides An aluminum profile and a precision guide rail obtained by adopting the aluminum profile processing technology are provided.

Detailed ways

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", etc. is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or It is implied that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It is particularly pointed out that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention, but do not limit the scope of the present invention. Likewise, the following embodiments are only some rather than all embodiments of the present invention, and all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides an aluminum profile processing process, which is used for removing residual stress and surface processing of the aluminum profile, so as to effectively reduce the residual stress of the aluminum profile, improve the poor dimensional stability of the aluminum profile, and improve the processing accuracy and resistance of the aluminum profile. Grinding, improve the performance of aluminum profiles.

The aluminum profile processing process provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

(1) Provide aluminum profiles, the outer contour of which is rectangular:

The aluminum profile is an aluminum profile with a predetermined shape and size specification obtained after a stretching process. In this embodiment, the longitudinal section of the aluminum profile is a rectangle, a square, a mouth shape or a field shape, a Japanese shape, etc. The aluminum profile has opposite upper and lower surfaces, front and rear sides, and the aluminum profile can be a hollow structure or a solid structure.

It can be understood that, in other embodiments, the longitudinal section of the aluminum profile can also be I-shaped, H-shaped, or Z-shaped.

(2) Rough machining the outer surface of the aluminum profile:

Rough machining is performed on the aluminum profile to ensure that the aluminum profile meets the requirements for use in finishing and post-processing.

Preferably, before the rough machining of the aluminum profile, basic inspection is also required, such as whether the aluminum profile is deformed, and whether the surface has obvious scratches, scratches, bubbles, cracks, pores, etc., to ensure the Aluminum profiles meet rough machining requirements.

(3) Remove the residual stress of aluminum profiles:

During the manufacturing process of the aluminum profile, it is affected by various factors. When these factors disappear, there are still some effects and influences remaining in the aluminum profile, which is the residual stress of the aluminum profile.

Residual stress has a great negative impact on the fatigue strength, dimensional stability and service life of aluminum profiles. In actual production, it is necessary to remove residual stress on aluminum profiles to alleviate the negative effects.

(4) The upper surface, lower surface, front side and rear side of finishing aluminum profiles:

The upper surface, the lower surface, the front side and the rear side of the aluminum profile are processed by a special finishing platform. In this step, the upper surface, the lower surface and the front side of the aluminum profile after finishing The flatness with the rear side reaches 0.003-0.004mm, the perpendicularity of the two intersecting sides does not exceed 0.01-0.015mm, and the parallelism of the opposite sides does not exceed 0.01-0.015mm.

The dimensional stability of the aluminum profile is greatly improved, and the machining accuracy of its finishing can be further guaranteed, and the quality of the aluminum profile is improved.

(5) Coat the wear-resistant layer on the upper surface, lower surface, front side and rear side of the aluminum profile:

The outer surface of the finished aluminum profile is coated with a wear-resistant layer to improve the wear resistance of the aluminum profile and prolong the service life of the aluminum profile.

Further, in the above-mentioned step (2), the step of rough machining the outer surface of the aluminum profile material includes processing the outer surfaces (upper surface, lower surface, front side surface, rear side surface, left side and right side of the aluminum profile) of the aluminum profile. ) sequentially perform rough grinding to remove burrs, blisters and flashes on the outer surfaces of the aluminum profiles.

Further, in the above step (3), the step of removing the residual stress of the aluminum profile includes:

a. Heating: put the rough-processed aluminum profile into an aging furnace and heat it to 178-185°C;

Further, the heating time is set to 25-35 min, and the aluminum profile is heated to 185°C. Preferably, the heating time is set to 30-35 min.

b. Heat preservation: at a temperature of 178 to 185 ° C, the aluminum profile is kept in the furnace for 8 to 8.5 hours;

Further, at a temperature of 185° C., the aluminum profile is kept in the furnace for 8.5 hours.

c. Cooling down: cooling the aluminum profile furnace to 45-50°C;

Further, the temperature in the aluminum profile furnace is lowered to 48° C., and the cooling time is set to 8.5-9 hours.

Preferably, the cooling time is set to 9h.

d. Cooling: Cool the aluminum profile to room temperature in air.

In the prior art, the methods for removing residual stress of aluminum profiles usually include the following:

①Natural aging method: To eliminate stress by natural placement, the aluminum profile needs to be exposed to the outdoors for several months or even several years to stabilize its dimensional accuracy. This method takes too long and is difficult to adapt to the needs of modern technology and production.

② Thermal aging method: The aluminum profile is placed in a thermal aging furnace for heat treatment, and the stress is slowly relieved. Since the thermal aging furnace needs to use electricity or natural gas as fuel, this method consumes a lot of energy and has low environmental protection.

③Vibration aging stress relief method: A complete set of stress relief equipment is formed by mechanical assembly, which can make the aluminum profile achieve the effect of stress relief in a short time. The frequency spectrum analysis is used to select five frequencies and the multi-mode treatment method is used to eliminate residual stress. For the purpose of vibration, the effect of stress relief can be achieved by clamping the exciter on the aluminum profile, but this method can only eliminate 23% of the residual stress.

The aluminum profile treatment process provided by the present invention greatly shortens the time-consuming step of removing the residual stress of the aluminum profile, and the energy consumption is relatively low. After the above-mentioned treatment for removing the residual stress of the aluminum profile, more than 50% of the aluminum profile can be eliminated. It can effectively reduce the residual stress of the aluminum profile, improve the dimensional stability of the aluminum profile, effectively prevent the aluminum profile from being easily cracked and deformed, improve the performance of the aluminum profile, and prolong the service life of the aluminum profile.

Further, after finishing the upper surface, lower surface, front side and rear side of the aluminum profile through the above step (4), the planes of the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side and the back side of the aluminum profile are The thickness is 0.003mm, the roughness is Ra0.3, the perpendicularity of the two intersecting sides is not more than 0.01mm, and the parallelism of the opposite sides is not more than 0.01mm.

The aluminum profile after finishing treatment has high machining accuracy, and after the residual stress is removed in the above step (3), the finishing process of step (4) is carried out, the dimensional stability of the aluminum profile is greatly improved, and the precision of the aluminum profile is greatly improved. The machining accuracy can also be further guaranteed, which improves the quality stability of the aluminum profile.

After the finishing treatment of each surface of the aluminum profile in the above step (4), the aluminum profile also has the defects of weak wear resistance, high temperature resistance and anti-corrosion performance. The aluminum profile is subjected to the wear-resistant layer spraying treatment of step (5), so as to improve the wear resistance, high temperature resistance and anti-corrosion performance of the aluminum profile, and further prolong the service life of the aluminum profile.

Further, in step (5), a ceramic coating is sprayed on the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side and the back side of the aluminum profile, and the wear-resistant layer formed on the outer surface of the aluminum profile is a ceramic coating. The wear resistance, high temperature resistance and anti-corrosion performance of the aluminum profile are improved, and the hardness of the aluminum profile is improved.

Further, the particle size of the ceramic coating is 15-90 μm, such as 15 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 45 μm, 55 μm, 60 μm, 65 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 85 μm, 90 μm, etc.; the thickness of the ceramic coating is 0.12- 0.35mm, such as 0.12mm, 0.23mm, 0.26mm, 0.3mm, 0.32mm, 0.35mm, etc.

In order to improve the adhesion, the particle size of the ceramic coating is 15-40 μm, such as 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, and the like.

After the wear resistance test, compared with the aluminum profile finished by the above step (4) without spraying the ceramic coating, the wear resistance of the aluminum profile sprayed with the ceramic coating in the present invention is improved by 18% % to 30%, the high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and hardness have also been improved.

The embodiment of the present invention also provides an aluminum profile, which is prepared by the aluminum profile processing process provided in the above-mentioned embodiment, and the aluminum profile can be used for back-end processing to make equipment hoods, brackets, and assembly lines. Tables, workshop safety fences, shelves and decorative industry doors and windows and curtain walls and other products.

Further, the flatness of the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side and the rear side of the aluminum profile reaches 0.003-0.004mm, the perpendicularity of the intersecting two sides does not exceed 0.01-0.015mm, and the parallelism of the opposite sides does not exceed 0.01-0.015 mm.

Further, the flatness of the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side and the rear side of the aluminum profile is 0.003mm, the roughness is Ra0.3, the perpendicularity of the two intersecting sides is not more than 0.01mm, and the parallelism of the opposite sides is not more than 0.01mm. more than 0.01mm.

The aluminum profile has high machining accuracy, high residual stress removal rate and stable size. The upper surface, lower surface, front side and rear side are coated with ceramic coating, which improves wear resistance, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance at the same time. , The hardness of the aluminum profile has also been improved, especially to meet the requirements of aluminum profiles for outdoor applications, and to meet the application on precision guide rails.

The terms/parameters/index definitions and measurement methods involved in the present invention are as follows:

Flatness: Refers to the variation of the actual surface to be measured to its ideal plane. It can be measured by the flat crystal interferometry method, the meter measurement method, the beam plane method or the laser flatness measurement method.

Roughness: refers to the small spacing and the unevenness of small peaks and valleys on the machined surface. The comparison method and the stylus method can be used for measurement.

Perpendicularity: It is an index that limits the vertical variation of the actual feature to the datum plane. It refers to the distance between the two planes that are perpendicular to the datum plane and are the farthest and contain points on the measured plane. The verticality measuring instrument or the three-coordinate measuring instrument can be used for detection.

Parallelism: It is the degree of parallelism between two planes, which refers to the maximum allowable value of the error of one plane being parallel to the other plane. Specifically, it refers to the distance between the two closest planes that are parallel to the reference plane and include the measured plane. It can be detected with a pendulum instrument, dial indicator, data acquisition instrument, image measuring instrument or three-coordinate measuring instrument.

Wear Resistance: Wear resistance is a measured parameter in friction and wear testing. The wear resistance of the material is often expressed as the wear rate G, and its calculation formula is:

G=(m1-m2)/A

In the formula, G——the wear rate of the material, g/cm2;

m1, m2——mass loss before and after material wear, g;

A——Abrasion area of material test piece, cm2.

The lower the wear rate G value of the material, the better the wear resistance of the material.

The above descriptions are only the embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the contents of the description and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technologies Fields are similarly included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. an aluminum profile processing technique, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: (1) Provide aluminum profiles: the outer contour of the aluminum profiles is rectangular; (2) rough machining the outer surface of the aluminum profile; (3) Remove the residual stress of aluminum profiles; (4) Finishing the upper surface, lower surface, front side and rear side of the aluminum profile; (5) Coat the wear-resistant layer on the upper surface, lower surface, front side and rear side of the aluminum profile. 2 . The aluminum profile processing process according to claim 1 , wherein the step of roughing the outer surface of the aluminum profile comprises roughly grinding each outer surface of the aluminum profile in order to remove the aluminum profile. 3 . Burrs, blisters and flashes on each outer surface. 3. The aluminum profile processing process according to claim 1, wherein the step of removing the residual stress of the aluminum profile comprises: a. Heating: put the rough-processed aluminum profile into an aging furnace and heat it to 178-185°C; b. Heat preservation: at a temperature of 178 to 185 ° C, the aluminum profile is kept in the furnace for 8 to 8.5 hours; c. Cooling down: cooling the aluminum profile furnace to 45-50°C; d. Cooling: Cool the aluminum profile to room temperature in air. 4 . The aluminum profile processing process according to claim 3 , wherein, in step a, the heating time is set to 25-35 min, and the aluminum profile is heated to 185° C. 5 . 5 . The aluminum profile processing process according to claim 3 , wherein, in step b, at a temperature of 185° C., the aluminum profile is kept in a furnace for 8.5 hours. 6 . 6 . The aluminum profile processing process according to claim 3 , wherein in step c, the temperature in the aluminum profile furnace is lowered to 48° C., and the cooling time is set to 8.5-9 hours. 7 . 7. The aluminum profile processing process according to claim 1, wherein in step (4), after finishing, the flatness of the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side and the back side of the aluminum profile is 0.003～ 0.004mm, the perpendicularity of the two intersecting sides does not exceed 0.01mm, and the parallelism of the opposite sides does not exceed 0.01mm. 8. The aluminum profile treatment process according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), ceramic coating is thermally sprayed on the upper surface, lower surface, front side and rear side of the aluminum profile to form a ceramic coating, The particle size of the sprayed ceramic coating is 15-90 μm, and the thickness of the ceramic coating is 0.12-0.35 mm. 9 . An aluminum profile, characterized in that, the aluminum profile is prepared by the aluminum profile treatment process according to any one of claims 1 to 8 . 10 . A precision guide rail, characterized in that, the precision guide rail is prepared from the aluminum profile of claim 9 .