CN114320499A - Full low temperature gas bearing turbo expander - Google Patents
Full low temperature gas bearing turbo expander Download PDFInfo
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- CN114320499A CN114320499A CN202011075832.1A CN202011075832A CN114320499A CN 114320499 A CN114320499 A CN 114320499A CN 202011075832 A CN202011075832 A CN 202011075832A CN 114320499 A CN114320499 A CN 114320499A
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- gas bearing
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- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 111
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005288 electromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006757 chemical reactions by type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a full low-temperature gas bearing turboexpander, which comprises: expansion wheel, rotor, low temperature gas bearing and stopper, one side of rotor is connected with the rotor journal, the expansion wheel passes through the rotor journal with the rotor is connected, the opposite side of rotor is connected the stopper, be fixed with the rotor thrust dish in the pivot of rotor with the regional being provided with that the rotor thrust dish formed low temperature gas bearing, low temperature gas bearing the stopper with the rotor also all is in with the little low temperature state of expansion wheel temperature difference, consequently the difference in temperature at rotor journal both ends is compared traditional expander and is reduced a lot, and then great reduction the heat leakage of expansion wheel through the journal, has improved the thermodynamic efficiency of expander.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of refrigeration, in particular to a full-low-temperature gas bearing turboexpander.
Background
The low temperature turbo expander is a key part in hydrogen-helium liquefying device and air separation device, and it utilizes the speed change of working medium during flowing to convert energy, and the working medium expands in the through-flow part of the turbo expander to obtain kinetic energy and the expansion wheel outputs work outwards, so that the internal energy and temperature of the working medium at the outlet of the expander are reduced. At present, the single-stage radial-axial flow reaction type turbo expander with a semi-open working wheel structure is widely applied, and has the characteristics of simple structure, high allowable rotating speed, large stage enthalpy drop and high thermal efficiency.
Because the low-temperature turbo expander has a high operation speed, the expander generally adopts a gas bearing as a support of a rotor, and the gas bearing of the existing low-temperature turbo expander operates in a normal-temperature environment, so that the normal-temperature gas bearing leaks heat to an impeller working in the low-temperature environment through a journal of the rotor, thereby reducing the thermodynamic efficiency of the whole turbo expander.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide an all-low temperature gas bearing turboexpander that can improve the thermodynamic efficiency of the turboexpander.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an all cryogenic gas bearing turboexpander comprising: the expansion wheel is connected with a rotor journal, the expansion wheel is connected with the rotor journal through the rotor journal, the other side of the rotor is connected with the brake, a rotor thrust disc is fixed on a rotating shaft of the rotor, the rotating shaft of the rotor and an area formed by the rotor thrust disc are provided with the low-temperature gas bearing, the low-temperature gas bearing and the rotor are arranged in a gap, a gas film is formed in the gap, and under the action of the gas film, the low-temperature gas bearing is in a suspension state, so that the low-temperature gas bearing is separated from the surface of the rotating shaft.
In some embodiments, the low-temperature gas bearing is a low-temperature static-pressure gas bearing, the low-temperature static-pressure gas bearing uses a low-temperature gas working medium as a lubricating medium, low-temperature high-pressure gas enters the gap, a layer of lubricating gas film with bearing and rigidity is formed in the gap, and the low-temperature static-pressure gas shaft is in a suspension state by virtue of the lubricating and supporting effect of the lubricating gas film.
In some of these embodiments, the low-temperature static-pressure gas bearing is plural.
In some embodiments, the low-temperature gas bearing is a low-temperature gas dynamic bearing, the low-temperature gas dynamic bearing continuously brings low-temperature gas with viscosity into the gap by using the rotating shaft, a gas film force is generated due to compression of the low-temperature gas in the gap sucked by the rotating shaft in a rotating process, and when the gas film force is enough to balance an external load in a load direction, a complete pressure gas film is formed between the rotating shaft and the low-temperature gas dynamic bearing, so that the low-temperature gas dynamic bearing is separated from the surface of the rotating shaft, and pure gas friction is formed.
In some of these embodiments, the low temperature hydrodynamic gas bearing is plural.
In some of these embodiments, the rotor thrust disk is disposed intermediate the shaft.
In some embodiments, the rotor thrust disk is disposed on a side adjacent to the shaft.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:
according to the full low-temperature gas bearing turboexpander provided by the invention, the low-temperature gas bearing is arranged in the area formed by the rotating shaft of the rotor and the rotor thrust disc, and the low-temperature gas bearing, the brake and the rotor are also in a low-temperature state with little temperature difference with the expansion wheel, so that the temperature difference between two ends of the rotor journal is greatly reduced compared with that of the traditional expander, further, the heat leakage of the expansion wheel through the journal is greatly reduced, and the thermodynamic efficiency of the expander is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention or in the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an all-low-temperature gas bearing turboexpander provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-low-temperature gas bearing turboexpander provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of a full cryogenic gas bearing turboexpander according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an expansion wheel 110, a rotor 120, a cryogenic gas bearing 130, and a brake 140. The connection relationship between the respective components is described in detail below.
Further, a rotor journal 150 is connected to one side of the rotor 120, the expansion wheel 110 is connected to the rotor 120 through the rotor journal 150, the other side of the rotor 120 is connected to the brake 140, a rotor thrust disk 160 is fixed to a rotating shaft of the rotor 120, and the low-temperature gas bearing 130 is disposed in a region formed by the rotating shaft of the rotor 120 and the rotor thrust disk 160.
Specifically, there is a gap between the low-temperature gas bearing 130 and the rotor 120, and a gas film is formed in the gap, and under the action of the gas film, the low-temperature gas bearing 130 is in a suspended state, so that the low-temperature gas bearing 130 is out of contact with the surface of the rotating shaft.
In some embodiments, the low temperature gas bearing 130 is a two-low temperature static pressure gas bearing, each distributed on both sides of the rotor thrust disk 160 and each providing radial and axial support. Preferably, the rotor thrust disk 160 is disposed in the middle of the rotating shaft.
It can be understood that the low-temperature static-pressure gas bearing utilizes a low-temperature gas working medium as a lubricating medium, adopts low-temperature high-pressure gas to enter the gap, forms a layer of lubricating gas film with bearing and rigidity in the gap, and enables the low-temperature static-pressure gas shaft to be in a suspension state by virtue of the lubricating and supporting action of the lubricating gas film.
Because the embodiment adopts the low-temperature static pressure gas bearing, the bearing gas of the low-temperature static pressure gas bearing selects the gas working medium of the same type as the expansion wheel, thereby avoiding the bearing gas of different mediums polluting the gas in the expansion wheel; in addition, the bearing gas inlet is cooled to a low-temperature state, the cooling exchange medium of the bearing gas inlet is preferably an external cooling medium, and the embodiment selects liquid nitrogen for cooling instead of a normally circulating cooling medium in the refrigeration system so as to improve the overall refrigerating capacity of the refrigeration system.
It can be understood that the material selected for the low-temperature static pressure gas bearing can bear the low-temperature environment and is not easy to crack; and when the low-temperature static pressure gas bearing is tightly matched by selecting various materials, the thermal expansion condition at low temperature is considered, and the influence on normal operation caused by loose matching is avoided.
In addition, when parameters of the low-temperature static pressure gas bearing are selected during design, the thermal expansion condition at low temperature is considered, and the parameters such as gaps are prevented from changing at low temperature.
In this embodiment, the brake 140 is also in a low temperature state, and it mainly brakes the rotor 120, thereby consuming the shaft work on the expansion wheel.
Further, the brake 140 may be classified into: the low-temperature fan brake and the low-temperature electromagnetic brake can be used in the device as long as the brake can stably run in a low-temperature state.
Wherein, adopt low temperature fan brake to have following several advantages: the low-temperature fan brake drives the fan wheel in a low-temperature state to rotate by using the shaft, and compresses fluid in the fan wheel to do work; the circulating gas working medium in the low-temperature fan brake is preferably the same type of gas working medium as the expansion wheel, so that the gas in the expansion wheel is prevented from being polluted by the bearing gas of different media; the heat productivity of the circulating gas circuit in the low-temperature fan brake needs to be taken away by external cooling media (such as liquid nitrogen, liquefied natural gas and the like), and the waste cold energy is preferably recycled by the cooling media.
The low-temperature electromagnetic brake has the following characteristics: the low-temperature electromagnetic brake utilizes a shaft to drive a magnet or a coil in a low-temperature state to rotate, and shaft work is converted into electric energy through an electromagnetic effect, so that a braking effect is generated; the generated electric energy can be transmitted to the normal temperature environment through the conducting wire, and the electric energy is utilized or dissipated.
The brake 140 in the embodiment adopts a low-temperature fan for braking, and the working medium in the fan is the same as that in the expansion wheel, so that pollution is avoided; the fan compresses the gas, the gas is cooled by the heat exchanger, the working medium cooled by the heat exchanger is cooled by liquid nitrogen, and the cooled low-temperature high-pressure gas is decompressed by the throttle valve and returns to the inlet of the fan to continue circulation.
According to the full low-temperature gas bearing turboexpander provided by the invention, the low-temperature gas bearing is arranged in the area formed by the rotating shaft of the rotor and the rotor thrust disc, and the low-temperature gas bearing, the brake and the rotor are also in a low-temperature state with little temperature difference with the expansion wheel, so that the temperature difference between two ends of the rotor journal is greatly reduced compared with that of the traditional expander, further, the heat leakage of the expansion wheel through the journal is greatly reduced, and the thermodynamic efficiency of the expander is improved.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2, a schematic structural diagram of a full cryogenic gas bearing turboexpander according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an expansion wheel 210, a rotor 220, a cryogenic gas bearing 230, and a brake 240. The connection relationship between the respective components is described in detail below.
Further, a rotor journal 250 is connected to one side of the rotor 220, the expansion wheel 210 is connected to the rotor 220 through the rotor journal 250, the other side of the rotor 220 is connected to the brake 240, a rotor thrust disk 260 is fixed to a rotating shaft of the rotor 220, and the low-temperature gas bearing 230 is disposed in a region formed by the rotating shaft of the rotor 220 and the rotor thrust disk 260.
Specifically, there is a gap between the low-temperature gas bearing 230 and the rotor 220, and a gas film is formed in the gap, and under the action of the gas film, the low-temperature gas bearing 230 is in a suspended state, so that the low-temperature gas bearing 230 is out of contact with the surface of the rotating shaft.
In some embodiments, the cryogenic gas bearing 230 is a cryogenic hydrodynamic gas bearing, and the cryogenic hydrodynamic gas bearings are three, wherein the radial bearings can provide radial support, the hybrid radial and axial bearings can provide radial support, and the thrust bearings can provide thrust support. Preferably, the rotor thrust disk 260 is disposed at a side close to the rotation shaft.
It can be understood that the low temperature dynamic pressure gas bearing continuously brings low temperature gas with viscosity into the gap by the rotating shaft, and when the low temperature gas is compressed in the process of the gap sucked by the rotating shaft, a complete pressure gas film is formed between the rotating shaft and the low temperature dynamic pressure gas bearing when the gas film force is enough to balance the external load in the load direction, so that the low temperature dynamic pressure gas bearing is separated from the surface of the rotating shaft, and pure gas friction is formed.
Because the low-temperature dynamic pressure gas bearing is adopted, the dynamic pressure bearing does not need bearing gas, but wind resistance friction heating under high-speed rotation of the rotor needs to be considered, cooling gas is introduced or a heat anchor (anchor) is added for heat dissipation according to actual conditions, and the bearing is kept in a low-temperature state; the structural form of the low-temperature dynamic pressure gas bearing can be one or a combination of a plurality of tilting pads, spiral grooves and foils, and the foil bearing is adopted in the embodiment;
the low-temperature dynamic pressure gas bearing can bear a low-temperature environment and is not easy to crack; the design of the low-temperature dynamic pressure gas bearing considers the change of the clearance between the bearing and the rotor along with the temperature; the design of the low-temperature dynamic pressure gas bearing considers the change of the viscosity and the density of the gas film fluid along with the temperature.
In this embodiment, the brake 240 is also in a low temperature state, and it mainly acts to brake the rotor 220, thereby consuming the shaft work on the expansion wheel.
Further, the brake 240 may be classified into: the low-temperature fan brake and the low-temperature electromagnetic brake can be used in the device as long as the brake can stably run in a low-temperature state.
Wherein, adopt low temperature fan brake to have following several advantages: the low-temperature fan brake drives the fan wheel in a low-temperature state to rotate by using the shaft, and compresses fluid in the fan wheel to do work; the circulating gas working medium in the low-temperature fan brake is preferably the same type of gas working medium as the expansion wheel, so that the gas in the expansion wheel is prevented from being polluted by the bearing gas of different media; the heat productivity of the circulating gas circuit in the low-temperature fan brake needs to be taken away by external cooling media (such as liquid nitrogen, liquefied natural gas and the like), and the waste cold energy is preferably recycled by the cooling media.
The low-temperature electromagnetic brake has the following characteristics: the low-temperature electromagnetic brake utilizes a shaft to drive a magnet or a coil in a low-temperature state to rotate, and shaft work is converted into electric energy through an electromagnetic effect, so that a braking effect is generated; the generated electric energy can be transmitted to the normal temperature environment through the conducting wire, and the electric energy is utilized or dissipated.
The brake in the embodiment adopts low-temperature power generation braking, the permanent magnet part of the generator is connected with the rotor and is in a low-temperature state, the coil part of the generator is fixed on the outer side of the permanent magnet, when the rotor rotates, the generator can generate current on the coil, the current is connected to the normal-temperature variable resistor through the lead, and the variable resistor is utilized to adjust the power of the generator so as to adjust the rotating speed of the rotor.
According to the full low-temperature gas bearing turboexpander provided by the invention, the low-temperature gas bearing is arranged in the area formed by the rotating shaft of the rotor and the rotor thrust disc, and the low-temperature gas bearing, the brake and the rotor are also in a low-temperature state with little temperature difference with the expansion wheel, so that the temperature difference between two ends of the rotor journal is greatly reduced compared with that of the traditional expander, further, the heat leakage of the expansion wheel through the journal is greatly reduced, and the thermodynamic efficiency of the expander is improved.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the preferred embodiments of the invention, and is presented merely for purposes of illustration and description of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the invention and other embodiments of the invention without the creative effort of those skilled in the art are included in the protection scope of the invention based on the explanation here.
Claims (7)
1. An all cryogenic gas bearing turboexpander, comprising: the expansion wheel is connected with a rotor journal, the expansion wheel is connected with the rotor journal through the rotor journal, the other side of the rotor is connected with the brake, a rotor thrust disc is fixed on a rotating shaft of the rotor, the rotating shaft of the rotor and an area formed by the rotor thrust disc are provided with the low-temperature gas bearing, the low-temperature gas bearing and the rotor are arranged in a gap, a gas film is formed in the gap, and under the action of the gas film, the low-temperature gas bearing is in a suspension state, so that the low-temperature gas bearing is separated from the surface of the rotating shaft.
2. The full-cryogenic gas bearing turboexpander of claim 1, wherein the cryogenic gas bearing is a low-temperature static-pressure gas bearing, the low-temperature static-pressure gas bearing uses a low-temperature gas working medium as a lubricating medium, low-temperature high-pressure gas enters the gap, a layer of lubricating gas film with bearing and rigidity is formed in the gap, and the low-temperature static-pressure gas shaft is in a suspended state by virtue of the lubricating and supporting effects of the lubricating gas film.
3. The full cryogenic gas bearing turboexpander of claim 2, wherein said aerostatic gas bearing is plural.
4. The all-low-temperature gas bearing turboexpander according to claim 1, wherein the low-temperature gas bearing is a low-temperature dynamic-pressure gas bearing which continuously introduces low-temperature gas having viscosity into the gap by the rotating shaft, and a gas film force is generated due to compression of the low-temperature gas in the gap sucked by rotation of the rotating shaft, and when the gas film force is sufficient to balance an external load in a load direction, a complete pressure gas film is formed between the rotating shaft and the low-temperature dynamic-pressure gas bearing, so that the low-temperature dynamic-pressure gas bearing is out of contact with a surface of the rotating shaft, and pure gas friction is formed.
5. The all-low temperature gas bearing turboexpander of claim 4, wherein said low temperature dynamic pressure gas bearing is plural.
6. The all cryogenic gas bearing turboexpander of claim 2 or 4 wherein said rotor thrust disk is disposed intermediate said shaft.
7. The all cryogenic gas bearing turboexpander of claim 2 or 4, wherein said rotor thrust disk is disposed on a side adjacent to said shaft.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011075832.1A CN114320499A (en) | 2020-10-10 | 2020-10-10 | Full low temperature gas bearing turbo expander |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011075832.1A CN114320499A (en) | 2020-10-10 | 2020-10-10 | Full low temperature gas bearing turbo expander |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114320499A true CN114320499A (en) | 2022-04-12 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011075832.1A Pending CN114320499A (en) | 2020-10-10 | 2020-10-10 | Full low temperature gas bearing turbo expander |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN86103011A (en) * | 1986-04-29 | 1987-11-18 | 西安交通大学 | All-dynamic pressured gas bearing hypothermia boost pressure-decompressor |
| JPH01121501A (en) * | 1987-10-31 | 1989-05-15 | Shimadzu Corp | Gas rotary machine using dynamic pressure gas bearing together with static pressure used |
| JPH0694032A (en) * | 1992-09-09 | 1994-04-05 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Turbine type expander and its static pressure thrust gas bearing |
| US20080038109A1 (en) * | 2006-08-12 | 2008-02-14 | Heiko Sandstede | Turbomachine |
| CN203823326U (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-09-10 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Universal gas supply joint for static pressure gas bearing turbine expander |
| CN209569035U (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-11-01 | 北京恒泰洁能科技有限公司 | A kind of air-bearing expanding machine |
-
2020
- 2020-10-10 CN CN202011075832.1A patent/CN114320499A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN86103011A (en) * | 1986-04-29 | 1987-11-18 | 西安交通大学 | All-dynamic pressured gas bearing hypothermia boost pressure-decompressor |
| JPH01121501A (en) * | 1987-10-31 | 1989-05-15 | Shimadzu Corp | Gas rotary machine using dynamic pressure gas bearing together with static pressure used |
| JPH0694032A (en) * | 1992-09-09 | 1994-04-05 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Turbine type expander and its static pressure thrust gas bearing |
| US20080038109A1 (en) * | 2006-08-12 | 2008-02-14 | Heiko Sandstede | Turbomachine |
| CN203823326U (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-09-10 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Universal gas supply joint for static pressure gas bearing turbine expander |
| CN209569035U (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-11-01 | 北京恒泰洁能科技有限公司 | A kind of air-bearing expanding machine |
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