CN114318099B - Metal matrix-diamond composite material for drilling hard rock and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Metal matrix-diamond composite material for drilling hard rock and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a metal matrix-diamond composite material for drilling hard rock, which is prepared from matrix powder and diamond particles, wherein the matrix powder comprises iron-copper prealloying powder and multi-element prealloying powder, and the components of the multi-element prealloying powder comprise iron, copper, zinc, titanium, zirconium, boron and silicon; the invention also discloses a preparation method of the metal matrix-diamond composite material for hard rock drilling, which sequentially comprises the steps of grinding, mixing, prepressing, hot-pressing sintering, and vacuum heat-preservation stress relief. The matrix powder adopts iron-copper pre-alloy powder and multi-element pre-alloy powder, has better compatibility, press formability and sinterability, can promote the densification of the matrix by matching with the activation of zirconium hydride, and improves the wear resistance and mechanical property of the matrix; the preparation process of the metal matrix-diamond composite material is simple and convenient to control, the grain size of the sintered matrix is small, the alloy elements are homogenized, and the metal matrix-diamond composite material is suitable for drilling hard rock objects with hardness and strong grindability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of powder metallurgy, and particularly relates to a metal matrix-diamond composite material for hard rock drilling and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of social economy, the demand of various underground mineral resources is increasing day by day. At present, most of shallow mineral resources are developed and utilized, and exploration to deeper strata is needed. However, deep stratum conditions are complex, exploration and development difficulties are increased, and requirements for drilling technology are increasing day by day. The diamond-impregnated bit is an important geological bit and is widely applied to drilling of hard formations. For diamond-impregnated bits, the matrix plays two main roles: firstly, the diamond is dispersedly held by the matrix through mechanical embedding, metallurgical bonding and other modes, and meanwhile, the wear rate matched with a working object is provided to ensure the cutting rate of the diamond during working, so that the working efficiency is ensured; secondly, the heat dissipation effect, the temperature in the working area can be sharply increased due to grinding in the drilling process, and the heat needs to be dispersed in time to avoid damaging the material. The characteristics of the matrix material such as the embedding capability, the cutting capability, the heat dissipation capability and the like directly determine the processing efficiency and the service life of the diamond drill bit.
The metal matrix mainly contains several types of phases such as high-melting-point solid phase binders (Co, Fe, Ni, Cu, etc.), low-melting-point liquid phase fillers (Sn, Zn, Cu-Sn alloys, etc.), high-melting-point hard additives (WC, etc.), micro-adjustment additives (rare earth, Fe3P, etc.). The high-melting-point solid phase adhesive is used as a framework supporting material, mainly plays roles of shaping, consolidation and wear resistance, is a main functional phase for consolidating and holding diamond abrasive particles and ensuring the effect of diamond, needs to be sintered, densified and alloyed at a higher temperature, is a basic guarantee for obtaining a high-performance sintered matrix, and is a key factor for determining the performance of a drill bit. The low-melting-point liquid phase filler is earlier melted in the sintering process, and a series of physicochemical changes in the sintering process such as densification and alloying can occur under the condition of lower temperature, so that the mixed sintered body of the diamond and the metal bond with expected functions can be obtained. At present, the WC-Co matrix-based diamond bit is most commonly used, and although Co has good alloying degree and mechanical property and good embedding force of Co on diamond, the Co-based diamond bit has good wear resistance, self-sharpening property and high-temperature performance, the Co is expensive and has few resources; meanwhile, the performance of the WC-Co based drill bit is difficult to regulate and control due to the large brittleness of WC, and the requirement of drilling various terranes cannot be met. Fe and Co are in the same subgroup, the structure and many properties of Fe are similar to those of Co, and the Fe is rich in resources and low in price, so that a plurality of geological drill workers in China are promoted to develop research for sintering the diamond-impregnated bit by using Fe powder instead of WC-Co powder.
The Fe-based matrix has good wettability and proper mechanical property, low thermal expansion coefficient and small crack tendency; however, the Fe-based matrix has poor formability, high sintering temperature, narrow controllable process range and poorer wear resistance than the WC-based matrix, and diamond is easy to generate thermal damage to generate graphitization under the condition of high temperature, thereby weakening the mosaic effect of the matrix on the diamond, and influencing the sharpness, drilling efficiency and service life of a drill bit. To improve the performance of the Fe-based matrix, the formula of the Fe-based matrix can be optimized. According to different matrix formulas, a research is carried out to manufacture the Fe-based diamond drill bit suitable for a stratum with stronger abrasiveness by adding a small amount of P and adding P-Fe alloy powder; it is also studied to enhance the compactness of the matrix and improve the strength of the matrix by doping a proper amount of rare earth elements. For a Fe-based matrix, the core technical difficulty of the current research is how to improve the sintering activity of the iron-based powder, and simultaneously, the problems of high-temperature oxidation and uneven components of the Fe-based matrix are solved, so that the Fe-based matrix can effectively wet diamond, and the graphitization on the surface of the diamond in the sintering process is reduced and avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the metal matrix-diamond composite material for drilling hard rock, which improves the compactness, the wear resistance, the mechanical property and the holding force on diamond of a matrix by compounding the iron-copper prealloying powder and the multi-element prealloying powder. The invention also provides a preparation method of the metal matrix-diamond composite material for hard rock drilling.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the metal matrix-diamond composite material for drilling hard rock is prepared from matrix powder and diamond particles, wherein the matrix powder comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-60 parts of iron-copper prealloying powder and 40-55 parts of multi-element prealloying powder;
wherein the mass ratio of copper to iron in the iron-copper pre-alloy powder is 3: 7-17; the multi-element pre-alloyed powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: copper (Cu): 10-30%, zinc (Zn): 20-40%, titanium (Ti): 2-6%, zirconium (Zr): 0.5 to 1.5%, boron (B): 0.005 to 0.025%, silicon (Si): 0.4-2%, and the balance of iron (Fe) and inevitable impurity elements.
Preferably, zirconium hydride is further added into the matrix powder, and the addition amount of the zirconium hydride is 0.2-0.6% of the total weight of the matrix powder.
Preferably, the diamond particles have a particle size of 60-100 meshes, and the diamond concentration in the metal matrix-diamond composite material is 45-75%.
The preparation method of the metal matrix-diamond composite material for drilling hard rock comprises the following steps:
weighing each component raw material of the multi-element pre-alloyed powder according to the mass percentage to prepare the multi-element pre-alloyed powder; weighing the raw materials of the matrix powder according to the parts by weight, grinding, uniformly mixing, adding diamond particles, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material;
prepressing the mixed material obtained in the step one at 15-30 MPa for 3-5 minutes to obtain a pressed blank;
step three, under vacuum or protective atmosphere, carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the pressed blank obtained in the step two at the temperature of 700-850 ℃ for 5-10 minutes under the pressure of 30-60 MPa, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a sintered blank;
step four, placing the sintered blank obtained in the step three into a vacuum heating furnace, and vacuumizing until the pressure in the furnace is less than 2 multiplied by 10 -2 And Pa, heating to 300-500 ℃, keeping for 1-2 hours, stopping heating, taking out and cooling to room temperature when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to below 90 ℃, thus obtaining the product.
Preferably, the multi-element prealloyed powder in step one is prepared by the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials of each component, wherein boron iron powder with boron content of 1-20 wt% is used as a boron raw material for boron of the component, ferrosilicon powder with silicon content of 40-80 wt% is used as a silicon raw material for silicon of the component, and copper-zinc alloy powder is used as a copper raw material and a zinc raw material for copper and zinc of the component; weighing the raw materials according to the mass percentage;
(2) under a protective atmosphere, mixing and ball-milling copper, zinc, iron, zirconium and titanium raw materials for 2-4 hours to obtain intermediate alloy powder;
(3) heating the intermediate alloy powder obtained in the step (2) to be completely melted under a protective atmosphere, adding a boron raw material and a silicon raw material, heating to 1000-1200 ℃ at a speed of 3-10 ℃/min, stirring for 2-5 minutes, standing for 2-5 minutes under heat preservation, and removing slag to obtain an intermediate alloy liquid;
(4) and (4) heating the intermediate alloy liquid obtained in the step (3) to 1300-1500 ℃ for pouring, atomizing the intermediate alloy liquid into powder by high-pressure steam, drying, reducing the powder for 3-5 hours at 400-500 ℃ in a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed atmosphere, preserving the heat for 2-3 hours at 200-300 ℃, cooling to room temperature, and screening to obtain the multielement pre-alloy powder with the particle size of 500-600 meshes.
Preferably, the ball-material ratio during ball milling in the step (2) is 8-20: 1, absolute ethyl alcohol is used as a grinding aid, the ball milling rotation speed is 300-600 r/min, and drying is carried out at 60-90 ℃ after ball milling; and (3) adopting inert gas in the protective atmosphere in the steps (2) and (3).
Preferably, in the step (4), during the high-pressure water atomization, the pouring speed of the master alloy liquid is controlled to be 8-12 kg/min, the water pressure is controlled to be 90-120 MPa, and the nitrogen flow is controlled to be 50-65L/min.
Preferably, the drying in the step (4) is performed in a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed atmosphere, the volume ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen in the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed atmosphere is 1: 3-6, the drying control temperature is 200-400 ℃, and the drying time is 1-2 hours.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the hydrogen to the nitrogen in the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed atmosphere in the step (4) is 3-6: 1.
The raw materials of the iron-copper prealloying powder and the multi-element prealloying powder are common commercial products, and equipment used in the preparation process is only required to be prepared by adopting conventional technical means in the field.
The multi-element pre-alloyed powder introduces copper and zinc elements in the form of copper-zinc alloy, solves the problem of weak intersolubility of iron and copper, reduces activation energy required by metal atom diffusion in the iron-based alloy, effectively improves the diffusion among powder particles and the migration rate of atomic parts at a lower sintering temperature, and improves the structural uniformity of the iron-based alloy. Titanium as second phase particles can produce dispersion strengthening effect, the bending strength of the sintered body is effectively improved, a carbide layer can be formed on the surface of diamond by titanium in the sintering process, and infiltration and bonding of the prealloyed powder to the diamond can be improved by introducing the titanium element. Zirconium can be in solid solution with other metals or nonmetals, and zirconium has the functions of degassing and grain refinement, promotes alloy sintering densification, and further ensures the strength of the iron-based alloy. The addition of trace boron can form metal boride, increase the hardness of the iron-based alloy, play a role in modification and refinement, inhibit excessive growth of hard phase particles, facilitate change of the form of a second phase on a crystal boundary, and improve the compactness and the wear resistance. The expansion coefficient of silicon is close to that of diamond, the volume effect is small when the cold and hot changes, the size is ensured, and the brittle fracture is avoided. The preparation method of the multi-element pre-alloyed powder comprises the steps of firstly carrying out mechanical ball milling and then carrying out water vapor atomization, and can effectively refine the pre-alloyed powder, wherein the ball milling enables the material to have larger surface energy and lattice distortion energy, and can promote atomic diffusion, alloy solid solution, pore migration elimination and the like at lower temperature; reducing at high temperature (400-500 ℃) in a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed atmosphere, then preserving at low temperature (200-300 ℃), improving the texture, homogenizing the components, improving the processing performance, and finally obtaining a high-density, high-hardness and high-strength sintered block.
The matrix powder adopts iron-copper pre-alloy powder and multi-element pre-alloy powder, and has good compatibility, press forming property and sintering property; then, the activation effect of zirconium hydride is utilized, so that a passive film formed on the surface of the metal particles due to oxidation can be reduced, and the densification of a matrix is promoted; meanwhile, zirconium hydride is uniformly dispersed in the metal matrix, so that the dislocation can be effectively prevented from moving and stored, the growth of crystal grains is limited, and the wear resistance and the mechanical property of the matrix are improved. The matrix powder disclosed by the invention is fine in grain size after sintering, uniform in alloy elements, capable of better wetting diamond and avoiding damage to the diamond caused by high-temperature sintering, and has the relative density of over 99%, the hardness of 36-42 HRC and better bending strength. According to the invention, the fine diamond is compounded with matrix powder at a proper concentration, and the metal matrix-diamond composite material is obtained after grinding, mixing, prepressing, hot-pressing sintering, vacuum heat-preservation and stress relief are sequentially carried out, so that the process is simple, convenient to control and suitable for drilling hard rock objects with hardness and strong grindability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph (200X) of a multi-component prealloyed powder of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph (2000 times) of the multi-component prealloyed powder of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph of relative density and hardness as a function of temperature for the sintered body described in example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific examples, but the examples are intended to illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and those who do not specify any particular technique or condition in the examples are performed according to techniques or conditions described in documents in the art or according to product specifications.
The zirconium hydride in the following examples is zirconium hydride powder with a particle size of 400 meshes and comprises the following chemical components: ZrH 2 More than or equal to 99 percent of Cl, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Ca, and less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Mg. The component iron in the multi-element pre-alloy powder adopts reduced iron powder as a raw material, the component copper adopts electrolytic copper powder as a raw material, the component zinc adopts gas atomized zinc powder, the component boron adopts ferroboron powder with the boron content of 5 wt% as a boron raw material, the component silicon adopts ferrosilicon powder with the silicon content of 45 wt% as a silicon raw material, and the granularity is about 300 meshes.
Example 1
A metal matrix-diamond composite material for drilling hard rock is prepared from matrix powder and diamond particles, and has diamond concentration of 60% (0.6 ct/cm) 3 ) The granularity of the diamond particles is 70/80 meshes (accounting for 40 percent) and 60/70 meshes (accounting for 60 percent); the matrix powder comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 parts of iron-copper prealloying powder, 45 parts of multi-element prealloying powder and 0.5 part of nano zirconium hydride; wherein the multi-component prealloyed powder is composed ofThe components with the weight percentage are as follows: copper: 15%, zinc: 25%, titanium 5%, zirconium: 1.5%, boron: 0.01%, silicon: 1.5 percent, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurity elements.
The iron-copper pre-alloying powder is Cu20Fe80, namely the mass ratio of copper to iron in the iron-copper pre-alloying powder is 1: 4. The iron-copper prealloying powder can be common commercial copper-iron prealloying powder, and can also be self-made by a water-air atomization method, and the method comprises the following steps: heating pure iron and electrolytic copper to be completely molten under the argon atmosphere, then heating to 1500 ℃, stirring for 3 minutes, keeping the temperature and standing for 2 minutes, and removing slag to obtain iron-copper alloy liquid; heating the iron-copper alloy liquid to 1650 ℃ for pouring (the pouring speed is 10kg/min), pouring the iron-copper alloy liquid into a tundish at 750-850 ℃, enabling the iron-copper alloy liquid to flow out through a ceramic guide pipe with the diameter of 8mm at the bottom of the tundish, smashing the iron-copper alloy liquid into powder through high-pressure water with the pressure of 95MPa under the protection of nitrogen (the flow is 60L/min), naturally dropping into cooling water for cooling, and then obtaining alloy powder with the water content of 10-15% through precipitation and solid-liquid separation; drying at 300 ℃ for 1 hour under the protection of mixed gas with the volume ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen of 1: 4; then placing the alloy powder into a steel belt type reduction furnace, wherein the thickness of the alloy powder is about 20mm, and reducing the alloy powder for 2 hours at 650 ℃ in a mixed atmosphere with the volume ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen being 5: 1; cooling to 400 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving the heat for 1 hour, cooling to room temperature, and screening by a 400-mesh screen.
The multi-element prealloyed powder is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials of each component, weighing the raw materials of each component according to the mass percentage, and preparing copper and zinc raw materials into copper-zinc alloy powder; the preparation method of the copper-zinc alloy powder comprises the following steps: heating a copper raw material at 1100 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere until the copper raw material is completely melted, adding a zinc raw material, then cooling to 850 ℃ at 4 ℃, stirring for 10 minutes, keeping the temperature and standing for 2 minutes, removing slag to obtain a copper-zinc alloy liquid, heating the copper-zinc alloy liquid to 1000 ℃, pouring, atomizing the copper-zinc alloy liquid into powder by high-pressure water vapor, drying for 2 hours at 150 ℃ in the nitrogen atmosphere, and sieving by a 300-mesh sieve to obtain the copper-zinc alloy powder; wherein, when the high-pressure water gas atomization is carried out, the pouring speed of the copper-zinc alloy liquid is controlled to be 10kg/min, the water pressure is 85MPa, and the nitrogen flow is controlled to be 55L/min;
(2) under the argon atmosphere, mixing iron, zirconium and titanium raw materials and the copper-zinc alloy powder obtained in the step (1), and performing ball milling for 2-4 hours to obtain intermediate alloy powder; ball-milling at ball-milling speed of 400r/min with anhydrous ethanol as grinding aid at ball-milling material ratio of 10:1, and drying at 80 deg.C;
(3) heating the intermediate alloy powder obtained in the step (2) at 900 ℃ to be completely melted in argon atmosphere, adding a boron raw material and a silicon raw material, heating to 1100 ℃ at 5 ℃, stirring for 3 minutes, keeping the temperature and standing for 2 minutes, and removing slag to obtain an intermediate alloy liquid;
(4) heating the intermediate alloy liquid obtained in the step (3) to 1350 ℃ for pouring (the pouring speed is 10kg/min), pouring into a tundish at the temperature of 750-850 ℃, and passing through the bottom of the tundish
The ceramic guide pipe flows out, under the protection of nitrogen (the flow is 60L/min), the ceramic guide pipe is smashed into powder through high-pressure water with the pressure of 95MPa, the powder naturally falls into cooling water for cooling, and then alloy powder with the water content of 10-15% is obtained through precipitation and solid-liquid separation; drying at 300 ℃ for 1 hour under the protection of mixed gas with the volume ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen of 1: 4; then placing the alloy powder into a steel belt type reduction furnace, wherein the thickness of the alloy powder is about 20mm, and reducing for 4 hours at 450 ℃ in a mixed atmosphere with the volume ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen being 5: 1; cooling to 250 deg.C, holding for 2hr, cooling to room temperature, and sieving with 500 mesh sieve.
The prepared multi-element pre-alloy powder is characterized by adopting a scanning electron microscope, and the result is shown in figures 1 and 2, the micro-morphology of the powder is irregular and exists in the form of fine particle conglomerate, the particle size distribution is narrow, and the powder is easy to press and form.
Prepressing the matrix powder prepared in example 1 at 20MPa for 3 minutes to obtain a press blank; sintering the pressed blank in a vacuum hot pressing way at the temperature of 720-840 ℃ under the pressure of 50MPa for 8 minutes (maintaining the vacuum degree of 2 multiplied by 10) -2 Pa, respectively taking the sintering temperature of 720 ℃, 740 ℃, 760 ℃, 780 ℃, 800 ℃, 820 ℃ and 840 ℃), and cooling to room temperature to obtain a sintered blank; placing the sintered blank in a vacuum heating furnace, vacuumizing until the pressure in the furnace is less than 2 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa, heating toKeeping the temperature at 450 ℃ for 1 hour, stopping heating, cooling to below 90 ℃ to obtain a sintered body, and detecting the relative density and hardness of the sintered body, wherein the results are shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from fig. 3, the sintered body has the highest relative density and hardness at a sintering temperature of 780 ℃.
The preparation method of the metal matrix-diamond composite material for drilling hard rock comprises the following steps:
weighing each component raw material of the multi-element pre-alloyed powder according to the mass percentage to prepare the multi-element pre-alloyed powder; weighing the raw materials of the matrix powder according to the parts by weight, grinding, uniformly mixing, adding the diamond particles, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material;
prepressing the mixed material obtained in the step one at 20MPa for 3 minutes to obtain a pressed blank;
step three, the pressed blank obtained in the step two is placed in a vacuum hot pressing sintering furnace, and the furnace is vacuumized until the pressure in the furnace is less than 2 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa, hot-pressing and sintering at 50MPa and 780 ℃ for 8 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a sintered blank;
step four, placing the sintered blank obtained in the step three into a vacuum heating furnace, and vacuumizing until the pressure in the furnace is less than 2 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa, heating to 450 ℃, keeping for 1 hour, stopping heating, taking out and cooling to room temperature when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to below 90 ℃, thus obtaining the product.
Example 2
A metal matrix-diamond composite material for drilling hard rock is prepared from matrix powder and diamond particles, wherein the diamond concentration is 60%, and the diamond particle size is 70/80 mesh (40%) and 60/70 mesh (60%); the matrix powder comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 parts of iron-copper prealloying powder, 45 parts of multi-element prealloying powder and 0.3 part of nano zirconium hydride; wherein the multi-element pre-alloyed powder consists of the following components in percentage by mass: copper: 15%, zinc: 25%, titanium 4%, zirconium: 1%, boron: 0.01%, silicon: 1.5 percent, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurity elements.
Example 3
A metal matrix-diamond composite material for drilling hard rock is prepared from matrix powder and diamond particles, wherein the diamond concentration is 60%, and the diamond particle sizes are 70/80 meshes (40%) and 60/70 meshes (60%); the matrix powder comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of iron-copper prealloying powder, 40 parts of multi-element prealloying powder and 0.5 part of nano zirconium hydride; wherein the multi-element pre-alloyed powder consists of the following components in percentage by mass: copper: 10%, zinc: 30%, titanium 6%, zirconium: 1%, boron: 0.02%, silicon: 1% and the balance of iron and inevitable impurity elements.
Example 4
A metal matrix-diamond composite material for drilling hard rock is prepared from matrix powder and diamond particles, wherein the diamond concentration is 60%, and the diamond particle size is 70/80 mesh (40%) and 60/70 mesh (60%); the matrix powder comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of iron-copper prealloying powder, 50 parts of multi-element prealloying powder and 0.5 part of nano zirconium hydride; wherein the multi-element pre-alloyed powder consists of the following components in percentage by mass: copper: 20%, zinc: 30%, titanium 3%, zirconium: 1%, boron: 0.02%, silicon: 1% and the balance of iron and inevitable impurity elements.
Example 5
A metal matrix-diamond composite material for drilling hard rock is prepared from matrix powder and diamond particles, wherein the diamond concentration is 60%, and the diamond particle sizes are 70/80 meshes (40%) and 60/70 meshes (60%); the matrix powder comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 parts of iron-copper prealloying powder and 45 parts of multi-element prealloying powder; wherein the multi-element pre-alloyed powder consists of the following components in percentage by mass: copper: 15%, zinc: 25%, titanium 5%, zirconium: 1.5%, boron: 0.01%, silicon: 1.5 percent, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurity elements.
Example 5 is different from example 1 in that nano zirconium hydride is not contained in the matrix powder.
Comparative example 1
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment 5, the difference is that: the multi-component prealloyed powder composition does not contain zirconium.
Comparative example 2
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment 5, the differences are as follows: the multi-element prealloyed powder composition is free of boron.
Comparative example 3
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment 5, the differences are as follows: the step (2) is omitted when the multi-element prealloying powder is prepared, namely after the materials are mixed, the multi-element prealloying powder is directly smelted without ball milling.
The components of the carcass powders prepared in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3 are shown in table 1 (in table 1, the mass of zirconium hydride is ignored in the total mass of the carcass powders when calculating the mass percentage of each component). Pre-pressing the matrix powder prepared in the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-3 at 20MPa for 3 minutes to obtain a pressed blank; the pressed blank is sintered for 8 minutes under the conditions of 50MPa and 780 ℃ by hot pressing in vacuum (the vacuum degree is maintained at 2 multiplied by 10) -2 Pa), cooling to room temperature to obtain a sintered blank; placing the sintered blank in a vacuum heating furnace, vacuumizing until the pressure in the furnace is less than 2 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa, heating to 450 ℃, keeping the constant temperature for 1 hour, stopping heating, taking out and cooling to room temperature when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to below 90 ℃, thus obtaining a sintered body, and marking the sintered body as a blank matrix.
TABLE 1 Components (wt%) of the carcass powders described in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3
Respectively measuring the density of the blank matrix (not containing diamond particles) by adopting a drainage method, and testing and calculating to obtain the relative density; and (3) measuring the hardness of the blank matrix by adopting an HRS-150 digital display Rockwell hardness tester, and measuring the bending strength of the blank matrix by adopting a universal testing machine. The results of the performance parameters of the blank matrix after detection are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 blank body Performance parameters
Meanwhile, the density of the metal matrix-diamond composite material is respectively measured by adopting a drainage method, and the relative density is obtained by testing and calculating; measuring the bending strength of the metal matrix-diamond composite material by using a universal testing machine; the abrasion ratio of the metal matrix-diamond composite material is measured by adopting a DHM-2 abrasion ratio tester, the outer diameter of the SiC grinding wheel used for the test is 100mm, the inner diameter is 20mm, the thickness is 20mm, and the pneumatic pressurization is 500g, the linear velocity of the grinding wheel is 15m/s, and the swing frequency of a workpiece is 35 times/min during the measurement. The results of the performance parameters of the metal matrix-diamond composite material are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Properties of Metal matrix-Diamond composites
As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, the carcass powder disclosed by the invention adopts the iron-copper pre-alloy powder and the multi-element pre-alloy powder, and the activation effect of zirconium hydride is utilized in a matching manner, so that the densification of the carcass is promoted, the relative density reaches more than 98%, and the hardness is 39-42 HRC. When the matrix powder does not contain zirconium hydride, the blank matrix and the metal matrix-diamond composite material have reduced mechanical properties. The metal matrix-diamond composite material prepared by the invention has high relative density, high bending strength and high abrasion ratio, and can be used for drilling hard rock with hardness and strong abrasiveness.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A metal matrix-diamond composite material for drilling hard rock, which is prepared from matrix powder and diamond particles, is characterized in that: the matrix powder comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-60 parts of iron-copper prealloying powder and 40-55 parts of multi-element prealloying powder;
wherein the mass ratio of copper to iron in the iron-copper prealloying powder is 3: 7-17; the multi-element pre-alloyed powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: copper: 10-30%, zinc: 20-40%, titanium: 2-6%, zirconium: 0.5 to 1.5%, boron: 0.005-0.025%, silicon: 0.4-2%, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurity elements;
the multi-element prealloyed powder is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials of each component, wherein boron iron powder with boron content of 1-20 wt% is used as a boron raw material for boron of the component, ferrosilicon powder with silicon content of 40-80 wt% is used as a silicon raw material for silicon of the component, and copper-zinc alloy powder is used as a copper raw material and a zinc raw material for copper and zinc of the component; weighing the raw materials according to the mass percentage;
(2) under a protective atmosphere, mixing and ball-milling copper, zinc, iron, zirconium and titanium raw materials for 2-4 hours to obtain intermediate alloy powder;
(3) heating the intermediate alloy powder obtained in the step (2) to be completely melted under a protective atmosphere, adding a boron raw material and a silicon raw material, heating to 1000-1200 ℃ at a speed of 3-10 ℃/min, stirring for 2-5 minutes, standing for 2-5 minutes under heat preservation, and removing slag to obtain an intermediate alloy liquid;
(4) and (4) heating the intermediate alloy liquid obtained in the step (3) to 1300-1500 ℃ for pouring, atomizing the intermediate alloy liquid into powder by high-pressure steam, drying, reducing the powder for 3-5 hours at 400-500 ℃ in a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed atmosphere, preserving the heat for 2-3 hours at 200-300 ℃, cooling to room temperature, and screening to obtain the multielement pre-alloy powder with the particle size of 500-600 meshes.
2. The metal matrix-diamond composite for hard rock drilling according to claim 1, wherein: zirconium hydride is also added into the matrix powder, and the addition amount of the zirconium hydride is 0.2-0.6% of the total weight of the matrix powder.
3. The metal matrix-diamond composite for hard rock drilling according to claim 1, wherein: the granularity of the diamond particles is 60-100 meshes, and the concentration of diamond in the metal matrix-diamond composite material is 45-75%.
4. A method for preparing a metal matrix-diamond composite material for hard rock drilling according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
weighing each component raw material of the multi-element pre-alloyed powder according to the mass percentage to prepare the multi-element pre-alloyed powder; weighing the raw materials of the matrix powder according to the parts by weight, grinding, uniformly mixing, adding diamond particles, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material;
prepressing the mixed material obtained in the step one at 15-30 MPa for 3-5 minutes to obtain a pressed blank;
step three, under vacuum or protective atmosphere, carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the pressed blank obtained in the step two at the temperature of 700-850 ℃ for 5-10 minutes under the pressure of 30-60 MPa, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a sintered blank;
step four, placing the sintered blank obtained in the step three into a vacuum heating furnace, and vacuumizing until the pressure in the furnace is less than 2 multiplied by 10 -2 And Pa, heating to 300-500 ℃, keeping for 1-2 hours, stopping heating, taking out and cooling to room temperature when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to below 90 ℃, thus obtaining the product.
5. The method for preparing a metal matrix-diamond composite material for hard rock drilling according to claim 4, wherein: in the step (2), ball-material ratio during ball milling is 8-20: 1, absolute ethyl alcohol is used as a grinding aid, ball milling rotation speed is 300-600 r/min, and drying is carried out at 60-90 ℃ after ball milling; and (3) adopting inert gas in the protective atmosphere in the steps (2) and (3).
6. The method for preparing a metal matrix-diamond composite material for hard rock drilling according to claim 4, wherein: and (5) controlling the pouring speed of the master alloy liquid to be 8-12 kg/min, the water pressure to be 90-120 MPa and the nitrogen flow to be 50-65L/min during the high-pressure water atomization in the step (4).
7. The method for preparing a metal matrix-diamond composite material for hard rock drilling according to claim 4, wherein: the drying in the step (4) is carried out in a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed atmosphere, the volume ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen in the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed atmosphere is 1: 3-6, the drying control temperature is 200-400 ℃, and the drying time is 1-2 hours; in the step (4), the volume ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen in the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed atmosphere is 3-6: 1.
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