CN114316438A - Natural fiber reinforced porous composite material - Google Patents
Natural fiber reinforced porous composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114316438A CN114316438A CN202210018475.8A CN202210018475A CN114316438A CN 114316438 A CN114316438 A CN 114316438A CN 202210018475 A CN202210018475 A CN 202210018475A CN 114316438 A CN114316438 A CN 114316438A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a natural fiber reinforced porous composite material, which belongs to the field of composite materials, and comprises a matrix phase and a reinforcing phase, wherein the matrix phase is thermoplastic polymer resin; the reinforcing phase is natural fibers or a fiber fabric formed by weaving and laminating the natural fibers; the natural fiber is a modified natural fiber with the surface grafted with alkenyl succinyl groups and treated by a silane coupling agent; according to the invention, the mechanical property of the natural fiber reinforced composite material is improved by grafting the alkenyl succinyl group on the natural surface fiber and treating and modifying the natural surface fiber by using the silane coupling agent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of composite materials, in particular to a natural fiber reinforced porous composite material.
Background
The fiber reinforced porous composite material is a novel multi-phase structural material consisting of a fiber reinforcement body and a resin matrix, has the excellent characteristics of low density, high toughness, good fatigue resistance, shock resistance and the like, and has good application value and prospect in various fields. However, most of the fibers used in fiber composite materials currently used in large quantities are man-made fibers, such as carbon fibers, which are often expensive, non-renewable and not completely biodegradable.
The natural plant fiber is a renewable biomass resource with the largest reserve on the earth, the cellulose generated by photosynthesis in the nature is up to billions of tons each year, and the development of the natural plant fiber reinforced composite material has important significance for the efficient comprehensive utilization of the natural plant resource and the promotion of the development of the sustainable development of the green high and new technology industry; the main component of the natural plant fiber is cellulose, and the abundant hydroxyl groups on the glucose ring of the natural plant fiber enable cellulose molecules to have strong hydrogen bond action, so that the natural plant fiber not only has hygroscopicity, but also shows strong polarity and hydrophilicity, and can have an interface layer with different composition and structure from those of the fiber and matrix resin when being directly added into a polymer resin body.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a natural fiber-reinforced porous composite material.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a natural fiber reinforced porous composite comprising a matrix phase and a reinforcement phase, the matrix phase being a thermoplastic polymer resin; the reinforcing phase is natural fibers or a fiber fabric formed by weaving and laminating the natural fibers;
the natural fiber is a modified natural fiber with alkenyl succinyl groups grafted on the surface and treated by a silane coupling agent.
Preferably, the thermoplastic polymer resin is PP, PA, PB, PC, PBT, PET, PI, POM, TPU, PPE or ABS.
Preferably, the natural fiber is flax fiber, jute fiber, ramie fiber, hemp fiber, sisal fiber, palm leaf fiber, banana leaf fiber or coconut shell fiber.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified natural fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking the natural fiber in a mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfite, and heating and boiling for 10-30 min;
(2) carrying out steam explosion treatment on the fibers obtained in the step (1);
(3) soaking the fiber obtained in the step (2) in deionized water, heating to 40-50 ℃, keeping the temperature and stirring for 30-60min, dropwise adding an absolute ethyl alcohol solution of alkenyl succinic anhydride, continuing to keep the temperature and stirring for reaction for 8-12h after the dropwise addition is finished, adding 5 wt.% of sodium hydroxide solution in the reaction process to control the pH of the reaction system to be 9 +/-1, adding 5 wt.% of hydrochloric acid solution after the reaction is finished to adjust the reaction system to be acidic, filtering out the fiber, and washing with the absolute ethyl alcohol and the deionized water in sequence;
(4) and (3) treating the silicon dioxide nano particles with a mercaptosilane coupling agent, dispersing the treated silicon dioxide nano particles in deionized water, immersing the fibers obtained in the step (3), stirring and reacting for 0.5-1h under ultraviolet light, separating the fibers, washing the fibers with absolute ethyl alcohol, immersing the fibers in an ethyl alcohol solution of the silane coupling agent again, and filtering after immersion.
Preferably, the concentration of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfite in the mixed solution of the step (1) is 2-4mol/L and 0.5-1mol/L respectively.
Preferably, the mercaptosilane coupling agent is mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.
Preferably, the silane coupling agent is a silane coupling agent with a molar ratio of 1: 4 methyl trimethoxysilane and hexadecyl trimethoxysilane.
Preferably, the preparation method of the porous composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the natural fibers to constant weight;
s2, blending the natural fiber obtained in the step S1 with the thermoplastic polymer resin, adding polyoxyethylene fiber and water-soluble salt, uniformly mixing, molding by a mold and cooling;
wherein the mass ratio of the natural fibers to the thermoplastic polymer resin, the polyethylene oxide fibers and the water-soluble salt is (12-20): 50: (6-10): (30-50);
and S3, soaking and washing the composite material obtained in the S2 in hot water, and drying to obtain the porous composite material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
aiming at poor interface wettability and compatibility between natural fibers and non-polar matrix resin, alkenyl succinyl groups are grafted on the natural surface fibers, and silane coupling agent treatment modification is carried out, so that the mechanical property of the natural fiber reinforced composite material is improved. On the basis of improving the mechanical property of the natural fiber reinforced composite material, in order to further improve the sound absorption property and the heat insulation property of the composite material, the porous natural fiber reinforced composite material is prepared by using the water-soluble polyoxyethylene fiber and the water-soluble salt as pore forming agents, the application field is widened, the aperture, the porosity or the mechanical property of the porous composite material can be adjusted by controlling the particle size or the content of the water-soluble salt and the polyoxyethylene fiber, the adjustment cost is lower, and the adjustment method is simple and convenient.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A natural fiber reinforced porous composite comprising a matrix phase and a reinforcement phase, the matrix phase being a thermoplastic polymer resin; the reinforcing phase is natural fibers or a fiber fabric formed by weaving and laminating the natural fibers;
the thermoplastic polymer resin is PP;
the preparation method of the porous composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the natural fibers to constant weight; the natural fiber is flax fiber;
s2, blending the natural fiber obtained in the step S1 with the thermoplastic polymer resin, adding polyoxyethylene fiber and sodium chloride, uniformly mixing, molding by a mold and cooling; the mass ratio of the natural fibers to the thermoplastic polymer resin, the polyethylene oxide fibers and the sodium chloride is 14: 50: 8: 35; the particle size of the sodium chloride is 100-300 mu m;
s3, soaking and washing the composite material obtained in the step S2 in hot water, and drying to obtain the porous composite material;
the preparation method of the modified natural fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking the natural fiber in a mixed solution of 4mol/L sodium hydroxide and 0.5mol/L sodium sulfite, and heating and boiling for 10-30 min;
(2) carrying out steam explosion treatment on the fibers obtained in the step (1);
(3) soaking the fiber obtained in the step (2) in deionized water, heating to 40-50 ℃, keeping the temperature and stirring for 30-60min, dropwise adding an absolute ethanol solution of octenyl succinic anhydride, continuing to keep the temperature and stirring for reaction for 8-12h after the dropwise addition is finished, adding 5 wt.% of sodium hydroxide solution in the reaction process to control the pH of the reaction system to be 9 +/-1, adding 5 wt.% of hydrochloric acid solution after the reaction is finished to adjust the reaction system to be acidic, filtering out the fiber, and washing with the absolute ethanol and the deionized water in sequence;
(4) treating the silicon dioxide nano particles with mercaptopropyl trimethoxy silane, dispersing the treated silicon dioxide nano particles in deionized water, immersing the fibers obtained in the step (3), stirring and reacting for 0.5-1h under ultraviolet light, separating the fibers, washing the fibers with absolute ethyl alcohol, immersing the fibers in an ethanol solution of a silane coupling agent again, and filtering the fibers after immersion is finished to obtain the silicon dioxide nano particles;
the silane coupling agent is prepared from the following components in a molar ratio of 1: 4 methyl trimethoxysilane and hexadecyl trimethoxysilane.
Example 2
A natural fiber reinforced porous composite comprising a matrix phase and a reinforcement phase, the matrix phase being a thermoplastic polymer resin; the reinforcing phase is natural fibers or a fiber fabric formed by weaving and laminating the natural fibers;
the thermoplastic polymer resin is PP;
the preparation method of the porous composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the natural fibers to constant weight; the natural fiber is flax fiber;
s2, blending the natural fiber obtained in the step S1 with the thermoplastic polymer resin, adding polyoxyethylene fiber and sodium chloride, uniformly mixing, molding by a mold and cooling; the mass ratio of the natural fibers to the thermoplastic polymer resin, the polyethylene oxide fibers and the sodium chloride is 14: 50: 8: 55; the particle size of the sodium chloride is 100-300 mu m;
s3, soaking and washing the composite material obtained in the step S2 in hot water, and drying to obtain the porous composite material;
the modified natural fiber was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 3
A natural fiber reinforced porous composite comprising a matrix phase and a reinforcement phase, the matrix phase being a thermoplastic polymer resin; the reinforcing phase is natural fibers or a fiber fabric formed by weaving and laminating the natural fibers;
the thermoplastic polymer resin is PP;
the preparation method of the porous composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the natural fibers to constant weight; the natural fiber is flax fiber;
s2, blending the natural fiber obtained in the step S1 with the thermoplastic polymer resin, adding polyoxyethylene fiber and sodium chloride, uniformly mixing, molding by a mold and cooling; the mass ratio of the natural fibers to the thermoplastic polymer resin, the polyethylene oxide fibers and the sodium chloride is 14: 50: 8: 45, a first step of; the particle size of the sodium chloride is 100-300 mu m;
s3, soaking and washing the composite material obtained in the step S2 in hot water, and drying to obtain the porous composite material;
the modified natural fiber was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 4
A natural fiber reinforced porous composite comprising a matrix phase and a reinforcement phase, the matrix phase being a thermoplastic polymer resin; the reinforcing phase is natural fibers or a fiber fabric formed by weaving and laminating the natural fibers;
the thermoplastic polymer resin is PP;
the preparation method of the porous composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the natural fibers to constant weight; the natural fiber is flax fiber;
s2, blending the natural fiber obtained in the step S1 with the thermoplastic polymer resin, adding polyoxyethylene fiber and sodium chloride, uniformly mixing, molding by a mold and cooling; the mass ratio of the natural fibers to the thermoplastic polymer resin, the polyethylene oxide fibers and the sodium chloride is 14: 50: 8: 45, a first step of; the particle size of the sodium chloride is 50-100 mu m;
s3, soaking and washing the composite material obtained in the step S2 in hot water, and drying to obtain the porous composite material;
the modified natural fiber was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example
A natural fiber-reinforced porous composite material, which was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the natural fiber was an unmodified flax fiber.
The mechanical properties and the porosity index of the porous composite materials prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative example are shown in the following table:
| index (I) | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Comparative example |
| Porosity/% | 55.4 | 73.1 | 64.2 | 63.8 | 54.7 |
| Tensile strength/MPa | 26 | 21 | 25 | 26 | 17 |
| Flexural Strength/MPa | 33 | 29 | 32 | 32 | 25 |
| Flexural modulus/MPa | 1650 | 1400 | 1600 | 1600 | 1250 |
| Notched impact strength kJ/m2 | 6.6 | 5.9 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 5.0 |
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A natural fiber reinforced porous composite comprising a matrix phase and a reinforcing phase, the matrix phase being a thermoplastic polymer resin; the reinforcing phase is natural fibers or a fiber fabric formed by weaving and laminating the natural fibers;
the natural fiber is a modified natural fiber with alkenyl succinyl groups grafted on the surface and treated by a silane coupling agent.
2. A natural fiber reinforced cellular composite according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermoplastic polymer resin is PP, PA, PB, PC, PBT, PET, PI, POM, TPU, PPE or ABS.
3. The natural fiber reinforced cellular composite of claim 1, wherein the natural fibers are flax, jute, ramie, hemp, sisal, palm leaf, banana leaf, or coir.
4. The natural fiber reinforced porous composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the modified natural fiber is prepared by a method comprising the steps of:
(1) soaking the natural fiber in a mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfite, and heating and boiling for 10-30 min;
(2) carrying out steam explosion treatment on the fibers obtained in the step (1);
(3) soaking the fiber obtained in the step (2) in deionized water, heating to 40-50 ℃, keeping the temperature and stirring for 30-60min, dropwise adding an absolute ethyl alcohol solution of alkenyl succinic anhydride, continuing to keep the temperature and stirring for reaction for 8-12h after the dropwise addition is finished, adding 5 wt.% of sodium hydroxide solution in the reaction process to control the pH of the reaction system to be 9 +/-1, adding 5 wt.% of hydrochloric acid solution after the reaction is finished to adjust the reaction system to be acidic, filtering out the fiber, and washing with the absolute ethyl alcohol and the deionized water in sequence;
(4) and (3) treating the silicon dioxide nano particles with a mercaptosilane coupling agent, dispersing the treated silicon dioxide nano particles in deionized water, immersing the fibers obtained in the step (3), stirring and reacting for 0.5-1h under ultraviolet light, separating the fibers, washing the fibers with absolute ethyl alcohol, immersing the fibers in an ethyl alcohol solution of the silane coupling agent again, and filtering after immersion.
5. The natural fiber-reinforced porous composite material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the concentrations of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfite in the mixed solution of step (1) are 2 to 4mol/L and 0.5 to 1mol/L, respectively.
6. The natural fiber reinforced porous composite of claim 4, wherein the mercaptosilane coupling agent is mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.
7. The natural fiber reinforced porous composite material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the silane coupling agent is a silane coupling agent in a molar ratio of 1: 4 methyl trimethoxysilane and hexadecyl trimethoxysilane.
8. The natural fiber reinforced porous composite material as claimed in claim 1, which is prepared by a method comprising the steps of:
s1, drying the natural fibers to constant weight;
s2, blending the natural fiber obtained in the step S1 with the thermoplastic polymer resin, adding polyoxyethylene fiber and water-soluble salt, uniformly mixing, molding by a mold and cooling;
wherein the mass ratio of the natural fibers to the thermoplastic polymer resin, the polyethylene oxide fibers and the water-soluble salt is (12-20): 50: (6-10): (30-50);
and S3, soaking and washing the composite material obtained in the S2 in hot water, and drying to obtain the porous composite material.
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