CN114315492A - PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114315492A CN114315492A CN202111519757.8A CN202111519757A CN114315492A CN 114315492 A CN114315492 A CN 114315492A CN 202111519757 A CN202111519757 A CN 202111519757A CN 114315492 A CN114315492 A CN 114315492A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007723 die pressing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material which is prepared by mixing Al powder, PTFE powder and La powder with the average particle diameter ratio of 1:2:3, wherein the Al powder accounts for 15-21 wt%, the PTFE powder accounts for 60-70 wt% and the La powder accounts for 13-23 wt%. The rare metal lanthanum La is added into an Al/PTFE system, and can react with PTFE to release a large amount of heat because La is used as a reducing agent, and the heat insulation temperature rise accumulated in the impact process of Al/PTFE can not directly stimulate the reaction between Al/PTFE components but can be enough to enable the La to react with oxygen in the air under the condition of low-speed impact, so that the reaction between the Al/PTFE components is initiated to release energy, the energy release efficiency of the material is improved, and the chemical damage efficiency of the material is enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energetic materials, in particular to a PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum/polytetrafluoroethylene (Al/PTFE) active material is a novel metastable state energy-containing structural material with both mechanical property and energy release characteristic. The material takes PTFE as an oxidant and a binder, Al as a reducing agent and a reinforcing phase, under the condition of high-speed impact, the material can generate violent redox reaction without providing an oxidant from the outside, a large amount of heat is released, and meanwhile, a reaction product can be quickly gasified under the action of high temperature to generate overpressure. The material has the characteristics of both polymer and metal, has certain toughness and strength, and can produce kinetic energy penetration effect on the target to damage the target directly when the reaction fragment made of the material impacts the target. Different from the traditional steel fragment, the reaction fragment can initiate chemical reactions such as strong explosion, combustion and the like under the impact action and release a large amount of heat, thereby greatly improving the total energy value acting on a target.
However, the conventional Al/PTFE active material can accumulate sufficient adiabatic temperature rise only under high-speed impact of 600 m/s to sufficiently excite the redox reaction among the components, but under the low-speed impact condition, although a large amount of fragments are generated after the material is crushed by impact, the accumulated adiabatic temperature rise is insufficient to excite the reaction among the components, so that the energy release efficiency of the material is low. Furthermore, the theoretical density of Al/PTFE is only 2.4g/cm3The kinetic energy penetration capability of the material is greatly limited.
Therefore, in combination with the above-mentioned technical problems, there is a need to provide a new technical solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a PTFE-Al-La energetic structure material which can improve the kinetic energy and the chemical damage capability of energetic materials and has higher material energy release efficiency and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material and a preparation method thereof, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
the PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material is prepared by mixing Al powder, PTFE powder and La powder with the average particle diameter ratio of 1:2:3, wherein the Al powder accounts for 15-21 wt%, the PTFE powder accounts for 60-70 wt% and the La powder accounts for 13-23 wt%.
Preferably, the average particle size of the Al powder is 10 μm, the average particle size of the PTFE powder is 20 μm, and the average particle size of the La powder is 30 μm.
A preparation method of a PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
ball milling and powder mixing: adding the weighed mixed powder raw materials and hard alloy grinding balls into a ball milling tank, and fixing the ball milling tank on a ball mill for ball milling to obtain energy-containing powder;
molding: loading the energetic powder obtained by ball milling into a rubber mold, and pressing by adopting a cold isostatic pressing process to obtain an energetic material blank;
and (3) vacuum sintering: and (3) putting the energetic material blank into a hearth of a heating furnace, vacuumizing the hearth by using a vacuum pump, heating the hearth to fully combine the energetic material blank, and cooling the hearth to room temperature to obtain the PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material.
Preferably, in the ball milling and powder mixing process, the weight of the hard alloy grinding ball is twice of that of the mixed powder raw material, the ball milling rotation speed is 100-.
Preferably, the ball milling is stopped for 10min every 20min in the process of ball milling and powder mixing so as to reduce the temperature of the hard alloy grinding balls in the ball milling tank.
Preferably, the pressure level of the cold isostatic pressing process in the molding process is 150-250MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 15-25 min.
Preferably, in the vacuum sintering process, the vacuum degree required to be reached when the hearth is vacuumized is 0.01 Pa.
Preferably, in the vacuum sintering process, the temperature rise rate when the hearth is heated is 40 ℃/h until the temperature in the hearth reaches 327 ℃.
Preferably, in the vacuum sintering process, the temperature is kept for 5 hours after the temperature in the hearth reaches 327 ℃.
The PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material and the preparation method thereof have the following beneficial effects:
the rare metal lanthanum La is added into an Al/PTFE system, and as La is used as a reducing agent, the La can react with PTFE to release a large amount of heat, and the La has active chemical property and can be combusted at the temperature of 180 ℃, under the condition of low-speed impact, although the heat insulation temperature rise accumulated in the impact process of Al/PTFE can not directly stimulate the reaction between Al/PTFE components, the La can sufficiently react with oxygen in the air to further initiate the reaction energy release between the Al/PTFE components, namely, the combustion of La is utilized to promote the sufficient energy release of Al/PTFE fragments, thereby improving the energy release efficiency of the material and enhancing the chemical damage efficiency of the material; and the density of La was 6.7 g/cm3The Al/PTFE theoretical density is higher than that of Al/PTFE, so that the material density can be improved by adding La, and the kinetic energy penetration capability of the material is enhanced; the energetic material is prepared by adopting a powder metallurgy process or a die pressing process, has high preparation efficiency and low cost, and is more convenient for realizing industrial production.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is intended to be illustrative of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material is prepared by mixing 15-21 wt% of Al powder, 60-70 wt% of PTFE powder and 13-23 wt% of La powder, wherein the average particle diameter ratio of the Al powder to the PTFE powder is 1:2: 3. The average particle size of Al powder was 10 μm, the average particle size of PTFE powder was 20 μm, and the average particle size of La powder was 30 μm.
The preparation method of the PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material comprises the following steps:
ball milling and powder mixing: adding the weighed mixed powder raw materials and hard alloy grinding balls into a ball milling tank, and fixing the ball milling tank on a ball mill for ball milling to obtain energy-containing powder;
molding: loading the energetic powder obtained by ball milling into a rubber mold, and pressing by adopting a cold isostatic pressing process to obtain an energetic material blank;
and (3) vacuum sintering: and (3) putting the energetic material blank into a hearth of a heating furnace, vacuumizing the hearth by using a vacuum pump, heating the hearth to fully combine the energetic material blank, and cooling the hearth to room temperature to obtain the PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material.
In the process of ball milling and powder mixing, the weight of the hard alloy grinding ball is twice that of the mixed powder raw material, the ball milling rotating speed is 100-300r/min, and the ball milling time is 1-3 h.
Stopping the ball milling for 10min every 20min in the ball milling and powder mixing process so as to reduce the temperature of the hard alloy grinding balls in the ball milling tank.
The pressure level of the cold isostatic pressing process in the forming process is 150-250MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 15-25 min.
In the vacuum sintering process, the vacuum degree required to be reached when the hearth is vacuumized is 0.01 Pa.
In the vacuum sintering process, the heating rate is 40 ℃/h when the hearth is heated until the temperature in the hearth reaches 327 ℃.
In the vacuum sintering process, heat preservation is carried out after the temperature in the hearth reaches 327 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 hours.
The rare metal lanthanum La is added into the Al/PTFE system, and the La is used as a reducing agent, can react with the PTFE to release a large amount of heat, has active chemical property and can be combusted at the temperature of 180 ℃ of 150-; and the density of La was 6.7 g/cm3The Al/PTFE theoretical density is higher than that of Al/PTFE, so that the material density can be improved by adding La, and the kinetic energy penetration capability of the material is enhanced; the energetic material is prepared by adopting a powder metallurgy process or a die pressing process, has high preparation efficiency and low cost, and is more convenient for realizing industrial production.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material, which comprises the following steps:
ball milling and powder mixing: weighing 62.2g of PTFE powder with the average particle size of 20 microns, 15.1g of Al powder with the average particle size of 10 microns and 22.7g of La powder with the average particle size of 30 microns, adding the weighed mixed powder raw materials and 200g of hard alloy grinding balls into a ball milling tank, fixing the ball milling tank on a ball mill for ball milling, wherein the ball milling speed is 200r/min, the ball milling time is 2 hours, and stopping the ball milling for 10 minutes without ball milling for 20 minutes to obtain energy-containing powder;
molding: loading the energetic powder obtained by ball milling into a rubber mold, and pressing by adopting a cold isostatic pressing process with the pressure of 200MPa and the pressure maintaining time of 20min to obtain an energetic material blank;
and (3) vacuum sintering: and (3) putting the energetic material blank into a hearth of a heating furnace, vacuumizing the hearth by using a vacuum pump until the vacuum degree reaches 0.01Pa, heating the hearth to 327 ℃ at the heating rate of 40 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 5h to fully combine the energetic material blank, cooling the hearth to room temperature, and thus obtaining the PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material, which comprises the following steps:
ball milling and powder mixing: weighing 62.4g of PTFE powder with the average particle size of 20 microns, 18.8g of Al powder with the average particle size of 10 microns and 18.8g of La powder with the average particle size of 30 microns, adding the weighed mixed powder raw materials and 200g of hard alloy grinding balls into a ball milling tank, fixing the ball milling tank on a ball mill for ball milling, wherein the ball milling speed is 200r/min, the ball milling time is 2 hours, and stopping the ball milling for 10 minutes without ball milling for 20 minutes to obtain energy-containing powder;
molding: loading the energetic powder obtained by ball milling into a rubber mold, and pressing by adopting a cold isostatic pressing process with the pressure of 200MPa and the pressure maintaining time of 20min to obtain an energetic material blank;
and (3) vacuum sintering: and (3) putting the energetic material blank into a hearth of a heating furnace, vacuumizing the hearth by using a vacuum pump until the vacuum degree reaches 0.01Pa, heating the hearth to 327 ℃ at the heating rate of 40 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 5h to fully combine the energetic material blank, cooling the hearth to room temperature, and thus obtaining the PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material, which comprises the following steps:
ball milling and powder mixing: weighing 66g of PTFE powder with the average particle size of 20 microns, 20.4g of Al powder with the average particle size of 10 microns and 13.6g of La powder with the average particle size of 30 microns, adding the weighed mixed powder raw materials and 200g of hard alloy grinding balls into a ball milling tank, fixing the ball milling tank on a ball mill for ball milling, wherein the ball milling rotation speed is 200r/min, the ball milling time is 2 hours, and stopping the ball milling for 10 minutes without ball milling for 20 minutes to obtain energy-containing powder;
molding: loading the energetic powder obtained by ball milling into a rubber mold, and pressing by adopting a cold isostatic pressing process with the pressure of 200MPa and the pressure maintaining time of 20min to obtain an energetic material blank;
and (3) vacuum sintering: and (3) putting the energetic material blank into a hearth of a heating furnace, vacuumizing the hearth by using a vacuum pump until the vacuum degree reaches 0.01Pa, heating the hearth to 327 ℃ at the heating rate of 40 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 5h to fully combine the energetic material blank, cooling the hearth to room temperature, and thus obtaining the PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and that changes, modifications and variations may be made therein by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material is characterized in that: the composite material is prepared by mixing 15-21 wt% of Al powder, 60-70 wt% of PTFE powder and 13-23 wt% of La powder, wherein the average particle diameter ratio of the Al powder to the PTFE powder is 1:2: 3.
2. The PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material of claim 1, characterized by: the average grain diameter of the Al powder is 10 mu m, the average grain diameter of the PTFE powder is 20 mu m, and the average grain diameter of the La powder is 30 mu m.
3. A method of producing PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material as defined in any of claims 1-2, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
ball milling and powder mixing: adding the weighed mixed powder raw materials and hard alloy grinding balls into a ball milling tank, and fixing the ball milling tank on a ball mill for ball milling to obtain energy-containing powder;
molding: loading the energetic powder obtained by ball milling into a rubber mold, and pressing by adopting a cold isostatic pressing process to obtain an energetic material blank;
and (3) vacuum sintering: and (3) putting the energetic material blank into a hearth of a heating furnace, vacuumizing the hearth by using a vacuum pump, heating the hearth to fully combine the energetic material blank, and cooling the hearth to room temperature to obtain the PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material.
4. The method for preparing a PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the ball milling and powder mixing process, the weight of the hard alloy grinding ball is twice that of the mixed powder raw material, the ball milling rotating speed is 100-300r/min, and the ball milling time is 1-3 h.
5. The method for preparing a PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material according to claim 4, characterized in that: and stopping ball milling for 10min every 20min in the ball milling and powder mixing process so as to reduce the temperature of the hard alloy grinding balls in the ball milling tank.
6. The method of preparing a PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material of claim 5, wherein: the pressure level of the cold isostatic pressing process in the forming process is 150-250MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 15-25 min.
7. The method of preparing a PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material of claim 6, wherein: in the vacuum sintering process, the vacuum degree required to be reached when the hearth is vacuumized is 0.01 Pa.
8. The method for preparing a PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the vacuum sintering process, the heating rate is 40 ℃/h when the hearth is heated until the temperature in the hearth reaches 327 ℃.
9. The method of preparing a PTFE-Al-La energetic structural material of claim 8, wherein: in the vacuum sintering process, heat preservation is carried out after the temperature in the hearth reaches 327 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 hours.
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Cited By (1)
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Application publication date: 20220412 |