CN114315211A - Machine-made sand concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Machine-made sand concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
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- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical group [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 claims description 12
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- GQOKIYDTHHZSCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=CC[N+](C)(C)CC=C GQOKIYDTHHZSCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- RRHXZLALVWBDKH-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(=C)C(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C RRHXZLALVWBDKH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical group OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- JHUFGBSGINLPOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl cyanide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)OC1=CC=C(C(=O)C#N)C=C1Cl JHUFGBSGINLPOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-mercaptopropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCS DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SONHXMAHPHADTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=C)C([O-])=O SONHXMAHPHADTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010413 mother solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000008030 superplasticizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000004574 high-performance concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 125000005394 methallyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- WPJGWJITSIEFRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 WPJGWJITSIEFRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGVVJWXRCWCCOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene;hydrate Chemical compound O.C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 DGVVJWXRCWCCOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to machine-made sand concrete and a preparation method thereof. Through molecular design, the compatibility of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer with machine-made sand with high MB value and high stone powder content is improved, the problem of poor concrete workability caused by intercalation of the conventional polycarboxylate superplasticizer between clay mineral layers is solved, and the application of the machine-made sand with high MB value in high-performance concrete is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to machine-made sand concrete and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the contradiction between supply and demand of building sand is increasingly prominent, machine-made sand concrete becomes a research hotspot at home and abroad, and the application of machine-made sand in concrete becomes a must trend. However, the quality control difficulty of the concrete production process is increased due to the fluctuation of the stone powder content, particularly the mud content of the machine-made sand; the recycled concrete fine aggregate has high water absorption rate, and the workability of fresh concrete and the performances of crack resistance, carbonization resistance and the like of hardened concrete are easily reduced. The mining solid waste processing machine is adopted to produce sand, and tailings difficult to dispose are reasonably utilized, so that the common quality problem of machine-made sand concrete can be overcome, the concrete is made to combine the performance characteristics of high-performance concrete and self-compacting concrete, and the development requirement of green building materials is met. So far, a great deal of literature data reports exist in the fields of high-performance concrete, self-compacting concrete and machine-made sand concrete at home and abroad, but the research reports relating to the high performance of machine-made sand are rare.
In order to protect natural sand resources and meet the requirements of engineering construction, industrially developed countries such as europe and the united states have widely used machine-made sand. The regulation difference of different countries on the stone powder content in the machine-made sand is large, the European standard is the widest, and the maximum limit value of the stone powder content is 22%; the existing construction sand standard (GB/T14684-: when MB is less than 1.4, the content of stone powder is not more than 10%; when MB is more than or equal to 1.4, the content of stone powder is not more than 5%. What is the stone powder? The standard of the sand for construction in China is defined that the content of stone powder is the content of particles with the particle size of less than 75 microns in machine-made sand, the content of particles with the particle size of less than 75 microns in natural sand is defined as mud content, and the content of stone powder in the machine-made sand comprises the mud content. When the engineering is applied to the muddy sandstone, the collected inferior sandstone is generally washed by water rarely, the washing is not thorough, time and labor are wasted, and the cost is high. Therefore, the concrete is formulated directly using machine sand and muddy sand. The influence of high content stone powder (mud content) in the sandstone on the performance of the concrete added with the polycarboxylate superplasticizer is larger, so that the slump loss and the expansion loss of the concrete are larger with time; meanwhile, the clay in the concrete can reduce the bonding strength between the sandstone aggregate and the cement, and the frost resistance, compression resistance, permeability resistance, shrinkage and other properties of the concrete are influenced.
CN 103113062B discloses a metamorphic rock machine-made sand concrete for inhibiting alkali activity of metamorphic rock aggregate, and the prepared concrete product has quite obvious inhibition effect on alkali activity of the metamorphic rock concrete alkali aggregate reaction; but the content of stone powder in the used machine-made sand is also controlled within 10 percent.
CN106904910B discloses an anti-cracking and anti-corrosion marine concrete prepared by using machine-made sand with high stone powder content, which improves the anti-cracking performance and the volume stability of the concrete, and mainly adopts an aggressive ion inhibitor to solve the problem of Cl in the marine environment-And SO42-And various erosive ions, thereby having excellent volume stability (60d drying shrinkage), crack resistance, anti-permeability and corrosion resistance; but mainly utilizes the technical effects brought by the internal curing shrinkage-reducing functional material and the aggressive ion inhibitor; the traditional polycarboxylate superplasticizer loses the dispersing function in concrete prepared by using mud-containing aggregates, and is more sensitive to mud content in concrete compared with naphthalene water reducers, melamine water reducers, sulfamic acid water reducers and the like, and has the characteristics of increased mixing amount, poor slump retaining effect of concrete, reduced strength and the like; the inherent defects and common problems of the high MB value and high stone powder content machine-made sand in concrete application are not fundamentally solved in CN 106904910B.
CN 111153627A discloses a mud-resistant additive suitable for machine-made sand concrete and a compounding method thereof, wherein the mud-resistant additive is prepared by compounding a lignosulfonate water reducing agent and a viscosity-reducing polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, but the limit of MB value and stone powder content in machine-made sand cannot be broken.
Therefore, the development of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer which is suitable for machine-made sand with high MB value and high stone powder content is an important research direction in the industry and academia for preparing high-performance concrete by using a machine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the compatibility of a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and machine-made sand with a high MB value and a high stone powder content is poor, the prepared concrete loses the dispersing function, the common technical problems of high efficiency, value-added utilization and common utilization of the machine-made sand with the high MB value and the high stone powder content are solved, and the restriction of the stone powder content according to the GB/T14684 plus 2011 and the application technical specification of self-compacting concrete is broken through. The machine-made sand cleaning link can be reduced, the micro-aggregate and internal drainage functions of the dispersible stone powder and the clay mineral can be realized, the cement is saved, and the physical and mechanical properties and the volume stability of the concrete are improved.
The invention realizes the purpose by the following technical scheme, and the water reducer for the machine-made sand concrete is prepared by taking quaternary ammonium salt containing propenyl, acrylic acid and hydroxyethyl acrylate as small polymerization monomers and methyl allyl polyoxyethylene ether as a large polymerization monomer through aqueous solution free radical polymerization under a water-soluble chain transfer agent and an initiator. According to the invention, through molecular design, quaternary ammonium salt containing allyl, methyl allyl polyoxyethylene ether and acrylic acid are polymerized to obtain the polycarboxylate superplasticizer, the compatibility of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer with machine-made sand with high MB value and high stone powder content is improved by molecular cooperation, the problem of poor workability of concrete caused by intercalation of the conventional polycarboxylate superplasticizer between clay mineral layers is solved, and the application of the machine-made sand with high MB value in high-performance concrete is realized.
Preferably, the quaternary ammonium salt containing propenyl is methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDACC).
Preferably, the ratio by weight of acrylic acid: propenyl group-containing quaternary ammonium salt: hydroxyethyl acrylate: the chain transfer agent is 5:2-3:3-4: 0.3-1.0;
preferably, the weight ratio of acrylic acid: methyl allyl polyoxyethylene ether 1: 0.3-0.6; further preferably 1: 0.4. The weight ratio of the acrylic acid to the methallyl polyoxyethylene ether in the invention can adjust the tolerance of the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent to the content of the stone powder, especially when the weight ratio of the acrylic acid: when methallyl polyoxyethylene ether is 1:0.4, the tolerance is the best.
Preferably, the chain transfer agent is ammonium persulfate, mercaptopropionic acid, sodium allylsulfonate and sodium methacrylate sulfonate;
preferably, the initiator is hydrogen peroxide, ammonium persulfate and ascorbic acid (Vc);
preferably, the amount of the initiator is 2 to 10 percent of the total weight of the monomers;
preferably, the reaction temperature of the aqueous solution free radical polymerization is 40-80 ℃;
preferably, the quaternary ammonium salt containing propenyl is methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.
Preferably, the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) stirring and dissolving methyl allyl polyoxyethylene ether (HPEG2400) in deionized water, heating to 40-80 ℃, adding ammonium persulfate aqueous solution, and stirring for 1-10 min;
2) and (2) simultaneously dropwise adding the solution A and the solution B in the step 1), wherein the dropwise adding time is 2-3h, after the dropwise adding is finished, keeping the temperature and reacting for 3-5h, cooling to room temperature, and adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 7-8 to obtain the water reducer mother liquor for machine-made sand concrete with the solid content of 40-45%.
The solution A is a mixed aqueous solution of quaternary ammonium salt containing propenyl, acrylic acid and hydroxyethyl acrylate; the solution B is an aqueous solution of ascorbic acid and thioglycollic acid.
According to another aspect of the invention, the invention provides the use of the water reducer for the machine-made sand concrete, and the water reducer is used for preparing concrete together with machine-made sand with high MB value and high stone powder content.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention takes quaternary ammonium salt containing propenyl, acrylic acid and hydroxyethyl acrylate as small polymerization monomers for the first time, and uses methyl allyl polyoxyethylene ether as large polymerization monomers, and under a water-soluble chain transfer agent and an initiator, the machine-made sand concrete suitable for high MB value and high stone powder content is prepared by aqueous solution free radical polymerization;
2. the polycarboxylate superplasticizer prepared by the invention overcomes the defect of poor dispersing effect of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer caused by the existence of machine-made sand with high MB value and high stone powder content, and has excellent net slurry fluidity;
3. according to the invention, quaternary ammonium salt containing allyl is screened, and methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride is used for replacing dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, so that the problem that the strength of concrete is reduced due to high powder of machine-made sand cannot be relieved by a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent;
4. the water reducing agent has excellent cement dispersing performance, lasting mud resistance and slow reduction of net slurry fluidity.
Detailed Description
And (3) measuring the fluidity of the cement paste: referring to GB/T8077-.
EXAMPLE 1 polycarboxylate Water reducer System screening
Preparing a water reducing agent:
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) stirring and dissolving methyl allyl polyoxyethylene ether (HPEG2400) in deionized water, heating to 40-80 ℃, adding ammonium persulfate aqueous solution, and stirring for 3-5 min;
2) and (2) simultaneously dropwise adding the solution A and the solution B in the step 1), wherein the dropwise adding time is 2-3h, after the dropwise adding is finished, keeping the temperature and reacting for 3-5h, cooling to room temperature, adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH to 7-8, and thus obtaining the water reducer mother liquor with the solid content of 40-45% for machine-made sand concrete, which is defined as WRA.
The solution A is a mixed aqueous solution of quaternary ammonium salt containing propenyl, acrylic acid and hydroxyethyl acrylate; the solution B is an aqueous solution of ascorbic acid and thioglycollic acid.
The actual charge amount of acrylic acid is 0.1mol, and the molar ratio of acrylic acid: dimethyldiallylammonium chloride: hydroxyethyl acrylate: ammonium persulfate is 5:2:3: 0.5; acrylic acid: methyl allyl polyoxyethylene ether 1: 0.5; the weight ratio of the ascorbic acid to the thioglycolic acid is 1:4, and the weight ratio of the ascorbic acid to the thioglycolic acid is 6 percent of the total weight of all monomers (containing the methyl allyl polyoxyethylene ether).
Comparative example 1-A: compared with the preparation method, the acrylic acid with the same mass is adopted to replace dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and hydroxyethyl acrylate, and the rest is completely the same, so that the classic polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, defined as WRA-A, is prepared.
Comparative example 1-B: compared with the preparation method, the acrylic acid with the same mass is adopted to replace the dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, and the rest is completely the same, and the prepared water reducing agent is defined as WRA-B.
Comparative example 1-C: compared with the preparation method, the acrylic acid with the same mass is adopted to replace the hydroxyethyl acrylate, and the rest is completely the same, so that the classic polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent is prepared, and is defined as WRA-C.
First, performance evaluation
2.1 influence of different water reducing agents on the fluidity of the cement paste, as shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
Note: "-" indicates that no test was performed
Experimental results show that the WRA and WRA-B prepared by the invention have better dispersion performance on cement than the classical polycarboxylic acid water reducer WRA-A, the cement paste fluidity of the WRA and WRA-B system in different hydration times is basically consistent, namely the WRA and WRA-B systems have basically consistent dispersibility on cement, but the polycarboxylic acid water reducer prepared by independently adding dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride has reduced dispersibility on cement.
2.2 Effect on the fluidity of Cement paste containing high amounts of Stone dust
The particles with the particle size of less than 75 microns in the sand prepared by the screening machine are used as stone powder of the machine-made sand and are doped into cement, and the influence of the prepared water reducing agent on the fluidity of cement paste with high stone powder content is simulated. Wherein the stone powder mixing amount is 2 percent of the total mass of the cement, the results are shown in Table 2 by comparing the influence of the WRA and WRA-B water reducing agents on the fluidity of cement paste with high stone powder content:
TABLE 2
Experimental results show that after the stone powder is added, the net slurry fluidity of the cement is obviously reduced, namely the addition of the stone powder influences the dispersing effect of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer on the cement, and all the high-stone-powder-content machine-made sand is used for preparing concrete. Compared with the traditional polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent WRA-A and WRA-B, the water reducing agent WRA prepared by the invention has the most excellent cement dispersing performance, namely good mud resistance. WRA-B can play a role in dispersing to a certain extent for cement with high stone powder content, but the dispersing performance is remarkably reduced after 30 min.
Example 2
WRA is used as a water reducing agent, and the application performance of the mud-containing concrete is evaluated: referring to GB/T8077-2012, according to the mixing proportion (Kg/m3) of C30 concrete, the proportion of cement PO 42.5: coal ash: mineral powder: and (3) machining sand: stone: preparing concrete by using water 180:100:70:680:1215:155, and controlling the content of stone powder in the sand; the addition amount of the added water reducing agent is 3%, the slump, the extensibility and the compressive strength of the concrete doped with the water reducing agent are measured, and the performances of the concrete prepared by the content of the stone powder in different mechanism gravels are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
Note: MB value less than 1.4 in machine-made sand
Experimental results show that the water reducing agent prepared by the invention can be used for machine-made sand concrete with high stone powder content, but the strength of the concrete is obviously reduced after the content of the water reducing agent exceeds 20%. Later, the applicant improves the preparation method of the WRA water reducing agent in the embodiment 1, methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride is adopted to replace dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, and the 28-day strength (MPa) of the concrete prepared when the stone powder content in the machine-made sand is 20% reaches 47MPa, and the strength of the concrete reaches high strength although the strength of the concrete cannot reach the strength of low stone powder content.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A water reducing agent for machine-made sand concrete is prepared from quaternary ammonium salt containing propenyl, acrylic acid and hydroxyethyl acrylate as small polymerizing monomers and methyl allyl polyethenoxy ether as big polymerizing monomer through aqueous solution free radical polymerization under water-soluble chain transfer agent and trigger.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the quaternary ammonium salt containing propenyl is methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the quaternary ammonium salt containing propenyl is methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: acrylic acid: propenyl group-containing quaternary ammonium salt: hydroxyethyl acrylate: the chain transfer agent is 5:2-3:3-4: 0.3-1.0.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: acrylic acid: methyl allyl polyoxyethylene ether is 1: 0.3-0.6.
6. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the chain transfer agent is ammonium persulfate, mercaptopropionic acid, sodium allylsulfonate and sodium methacrylate sulfonate.
7. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the initiator is hydrogen peroxide, ammonium persulfate and ascorbic acid.
8. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the dosage of the initiator is 2-10% of the total weight of the monomers; the reaction temperature of the aqueous solution free radical polymerization is 40-80 ℃.
9. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) stirring and dissolving methyl allyl polyoxyethylene ether in deionized water, heating to 40-80 ℃, adding ammonium persulfate aqueous solution, and stirring for 1-10 min;
2) dropwise adding the solution A and the solution B into the solution obtained in the step 1) at the same time for 2-3h, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 3-5h after dropwise adding is finished, cooling to room temperature, and adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 7-8 to obtain a water reducer mother solution for machine-made sand concrete with the solid content of 40-45%;
the solution A is a mixed aqueous solution of quaternary ammonium salt containing propenyl, acrylic acid and hydroxyethyl acrylate; the solution B is an aqueous solution of ascorbic acid and thioglycollic acid.
10. The machine-made sand concrete, wherein the water reducing agent in the machine-made sand concrete is prepared by the method in claim 1, and the content of stone powder in the machine-made sand is more than 10%.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103193925A (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2013-07-10 | 奥克化学扬州有限公司 | Aqueous polymer solution with anti-mud or mud-resistance performances and preparation method thereof |
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