CN114314545A - Preparation method of superfine lithium iron phosphate cathode material - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery raw material preparation, and provides a preparation method of an ultrafine lithium iron phosphate anode material. The method is to mix FeSO4And H3PO4Preparing ultrafine FePO at normal temperature by combining a gel method and a homogeneous precipitation method in an ethanol-water system4Then adopting improved high-temperature solid-phase carbothermic method to prepare the super-gradeFine LiFePO4and/C. LiFePO prepared in the method of the invention4The crystal form of the/C is complete, the particles are fine and uniform, and the purity is high. The preparation method of the superfine lithium iron phosphate cathode material solves the problem of diffusion of lithium ions in the material in the prior art, and improves the charge-discharge capacity and the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery raw material preparation, in particular to a preparation method of an ultrafine lithium iron phosphate anode material.
Background
Nowadays, energy problems have become a problem worldwide, and a large amount of burning fossil energy causes huge environmental pollution to the earth. To solve the increasing energy problems and environmental problems, the development of clean renewable energy is urgently needed. Since the second industrial revolution, electric energy has become a medium for people to use various renewable energy sources, and various electric appliances are widely used in human life. The lithium ion battery as a novel secondary battery has the advantages of high working voltage, large energy density, long cycle life, low self-discharge rate, small environmental pollution and the like, is widely applied to power supplies of various portable electronic digital products and energy storage power supplies of hydraulic power, firepower, wind power, solar power stations and the like, and is expected to become a mobile energy storage battery of a next-generation electric vehicle.
Lithium iron phosphate is favored by researchers of lithium ion batteries due to the advantages of high stability, environmental protection, safety, low price, high specific capacity, insignificant attenuation of cycle capacity and the like, and is a lithium ion anode material with the best application prospect. At present, the particle size of lithium iron phosphate used for lithium ion batteries is about 5um, which causes Li+The lithium ion battery has poor electrical properties due to difficult diffusion in the lithium iron phosphate powder.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a preparation method of a superfine lithium iron phosphate anode material.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of an ultrafine lithium iron phosphate anode material comprises the following steps:
s1, as phosphorus: iron molar ratio ═ (1.3-1.8): 1 proportion weighing ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and phosphoric acid, dissolving ferrous sulfate heptahydrate with water, adding equimolar sulfuric acid and enough H2O2Preparing ferric sulfate solution; adding water to the phosphoric acid to dissolve the phosphoric acid to the same molar concentration;
s2, weighing surfactant and ethanol (20-40)% of the solution by mass (0.3-0.8)% and adding phosphoric acid, heating in a water bath to (30-70) ° C, pumping ferric sulfate solution by using a constant flow pump, stirring for a certain reaction time, adjusting the pH to (1.5-2.2) by using ammonia water, filtering, collecting filter residues, washing the filter residues for several times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, drying by using a centrifuge, and calcining at (500) ° C to 600 ℃) to obtain iron phosphate powder;
s3, as lithium: iron molar ratio 1: 2, weighing lithium carbonate and the prepared iron phosphate powder, adding a certain amount of reducing sugar, adding a proper amount of absolute ethyl alcohol as a dispersing agent, performing ball milling for 3h, performing heat preservation for 5h at 450 ℃ under the protection of inert gas, heating to 800 ℃ for 15h at (3-4) h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain LiFePO4C ultra-fine powder.
In the technical scheme S1, the concentration of the ferric sulfate solution is (0.8-1.2) mol/L.
In the above technical solution S2, the surfactant is one or more of amine salts and quaternary amine salts.
In the technical scheme S2, the pumping speed of the constant flow pump is (0.5-1.5) L/h.
In the above technical solution S2, the drying is vacuum drying at 75-90 ℃.
In the above technical means S3, the reducing sugar is one of glucose, fructose, and maltose.
In the above technical solution S3, the molar ratio of the reducing sugar to the iron phosphate is (0.15-0.2): 1.
in the above technical solution S3, the inert gas is a mixed gas of nitrogen, argon, and nitrogen argon.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the following positive effects:
the traditional preparation method of the iron phosphate is adjusted, and an ethanol-water system is applied to a homogeneous precipitation method, so that the problems that the particle size is difficult to control and the particles are easy to agglomerate in the traditional method are solved, and the dispersibility and uniformity of the material are improved; simultaneously, the traditional high-temperature solid phase carbon thermal reduction is carried out to prepare LiFePO4the/C ultrafine powder is optimized, and a proper amount of ethanol is added into the powder for ball milling, so that the raw materials are mixed more uniformly and refined.
Drawings
In order that the present disclosure may be more readily and clearly understood, reference is now made to the following detailed description of the present disclosure taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is an XRD test chart of the ultrafine lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material of example 1;
fig. 2 is an SEM image at 5k magnification of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material of example 1;
fig. 3 is an SEM image at 10k magnification using the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material of example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
(example 1)
According to the phosphorus: iron molar ratio 1.4: 1 proportion weighing ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and phosphoric acid, dissolving ferrous sulfate heptahydrate with water, adding sulfuric acid with equal mole of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and sufficient amount of H2O2Preparing 0.8mol/L ferric sulfate solution; adding water to the phosphoric acid to dissolve the phosphoric acid to the same molar concentration;
weighing hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide with the mass of 0.4 per thousand of the solution and 20 percent ethanol, adding phosphoric acid, heating in a water bath to the temperature of 30 ℃, pumping into an iron sulfate solution at the flow rate of 0.5L/h by using a constant flow pump, stirring for 4h, adjusting the pH to 2.0 by using ammonia water, filtering, collecting filter residues, washing the filter residues by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for several times, drying in a drying box at the temperature of 80 ℃, and calcining for 2 hours at the temperature of 580 ℃ to obtain iron phosphate powder.
According to the following weight ratio of lithium: iron molar ratio 1: 2, weighing lithium carbonate and the prepared ferric phosphate powder, adding glucose, wherein the molar ratio of the glucose to the ferric phosphate is 0.2: 1 adding a proper amount of absolute ethyl alcohol as a dispersing agent, performing ball milling for 3h, then performing heat preservation for 5h at 450 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, then heating to 650 ℃ for 15h within 3h, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain LiFePO4C ultra-fine powder.
The obtained LiFePO4D of/C powder10＝0.160μm，D50＝0.352μm,D90＝0.572μm,Dmin＝0.042μm,Dmax＝1.000μm。
(example 2)
According to the phosphorus: iron molar ratio 1.6: 1 proportion weighing ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and phosphoric acid, dissolving ferrous sulfate heptahydrate with water, adding sulfuric acid with equal mole of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and sufficient amount of H2O2Preparing ferric sulfate solution; adding water to the phosphoric acid to dissolve the phosphoric acid to the same molar concentration;
weighing tetraethylammonium bromide with the mass of 0.4 per mill of the solution and 20% ethanol, adding phosphoric acid, heating in a water bath to the temperature of 65 ℃, pumping into a ferric sulfate solution at the flow rate of 1.2L/h by using a constant flow pump, stirring for 4h, adjusting the pH to 1.9 by using ammonia water, filtering, collecting filter residues, washing the filter residues by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for several times, drying in a drying box at the temperature of 90 ℃, and calcining for 2 hours at the temperature of 500 ℃ to obtain the ferric phosphate powder.
According to the following weight ratio of lithium: iron molar ratio 1: 2, weighing lithium carbonate and the prepared ferric phosphate powder, adding maltose, wherein the molar ratio of maltose to ferric phosphate is 0.15: 1 adding a proper amount of absolute ethyl alcohol as a dispersing agent, performing ball milling for 3h, then performing heat preservation for 5h at 450 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, then heating to 700 ℃ for 3h, keeping for 15h, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain LiFePO4C ultra-fine powder.
The obtained LiFePO4D of/C powder10＝0.126μm，D50＝0.343μm,D90＝0.860μm,Dmin＝0.048μm,Dmax＝8.250μm。
(example 3)
According to the phosphorus: iron molar ratio 1.4: 1 proportion weighing ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and phosphoric acid, dissolving ferrous sulfate heptahydrate with water, adding sulfuric acid with equal mole of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and sufficient amount of H2O2Preparing ferric sulfate solution; adding water to the phosphoric acid to dissolve the phosphoric acid to the same molar concentration;
weighing hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide with the mass of 0.4 per thousand of the solution and 30 percent of ethanol, adding phosphoric acid, heating in a water bath to the temperature of 40 ℃, pumping the ferric sulfate solution by using a constant flow pump at the flow rate of 1L/h, stirring for 4h, adjusting the pH to 1.9 by using ammonia water, filtering, collecting filter residues, washing the filter residues by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for several times, drying in a drying box at the temperature of 75 ℃, and calcining for 3 hours at the temperature of 550 ℃ to obtain the ferric phosphate powder.
According to the following weight ratio of lithium: iron molar ratio 1: 2, weighing lithium carbonate and the prepared iron phosphate powder, and adding fructose, wherein the molar ratio of the fructose to the iron phosphate is 0.2: 1 adding a proper amount of absolute ethyl alcohol as a dispersing agent, performing ball milling for 3h, then performing heat preservation for 5h at 450 ℃ under the protection of argon, then heating to 700 ℃ for 15h at 3h, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain LiFePO4/C ultrafine powder.
The obtained LiFePO4D of/C powder10＝0.165μm，D50＝0.356μm,D90＝0.670μm,Dmin＝0.031μm,Dmax＝1.354μm。
(example 4)
According to the phosphorus: iron molar ratio 1.8: 1 proportion weighing ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and phosphoric acid, dissolving ferrous sulfate heptahydrate with water, adding sulfuric acid with equal mole of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and sufficient amount of H2O2Preparing ferric sulfate solution; adding water to the phosphoric acid to dissolve the phosphoric acid to the same molar concentration;
weighing hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide with the mass of 0.8 per thousand of the solution and 40 percent ethanol, adding phosphoric acid, heating in a water bath to the temperature of 70 ℃, pumping into ferric sulfate solution at the flow rate of 1.5L/h by using a constant flow pump, stirring for 4h, adjusting the pH to 1.9 by using ammonia water, filtering, collecting filter residues, washing the filter residues by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for several times, drying in a drying box at the temperature of 90 ℃, and calcining for 3 hours at the temperature of 500 ℃ to obtain the ferric phosphate powder.
According to the following weight ratio of lithium: iron molar ratio 1: 2, weighing lithium carbonate and the prepared iron phosphate powder, adding fructose, wherein the molar ratio of glucose to iron phosphate is 0.2: 1 adding a proper amount of absolute ethyl alcohol as a dispersing agent, performing ball milling for 3h, then performing heat preservation for 5h at 450 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, then heating to 700 ℃ for 15h at 3.5h, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the LiFePO4/C ultrafine powder.
The obtained LiFePO4D of/C powder10＝0.182μm，D50＝0.425μm,D90＝0.860μm,Dmin＝0.133μm,Dmax＝6.352μm。
Comparative example 1
According to the phosphorus: iron molar ratio 1.4: 1 proportion weighing ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and phosphoric acid, dissolving ferrous sulfate heptahydrate with water, adding sulfuric acid with equal mole of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and sufficient amount of H2O2Preparing 0.8mol/L ferric sulfate solution; adding water to the phosphoric acid to dissolve the phosphoric acid to the same molar concentration;
adding phosphoric acid, heating to 30 ℃ in a water bath, pumping a ferric sulfate solution at the flow rate of 0.5L/h by using a constant flow pump, stirring for 4h, adjusting the pH to 3.0 by using ammonia water, filtering, collecting filter residues, washing the filter residues for a plurality of times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, drying the filter residues in a drying box at 80 ℃, and calcining the filter residues for 2 hours at 580 ℃ to obtain the ferric phosphate powder.
According to the following weight ratio of lithium: iron molar ratio 1: 2, weighing lithium carbonate and the prepared ferric phosphate powder, adding glucose, wherein the molar ratio of the glucose to the ferric phosphate is 0.2: 1, ball-milling for 3h, keeping the temperature at 450 ℃ for 5h under the protection of nitrogen, heating to 650 ℃ for 15h within 3h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain LiFePO4a/C powder.
The obtained LiFePO4D of/C powder10＝0.445μm，D50＝1.536μm,D90＝3.231μm,Dmin＝0.403μm,Dmax＝15.463μm。
The lithium iron phosphate positive electrode materials of examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and comparative example 1 were subjected to performance test experiments, and some of the performance parameters are shown in table 1.
The electrochemical performance test comprises the steps of adding a prepared sample of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material, super P (super conductive carbon black) and a binder (polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF) into a solvent (N-methyl pyrrolidone) according to a certain mass ratio (18: 1: 1), stirring and mixing uniformly, wherein the solid content of slurry is 56%, then coating the slurry on a carbon-coated aluminum foil with the thickness of 15 microns, drying in vacuum at 120 ℃, and punching into a positive electrode sheet with the thickness of 10 mm. Selecting a proper positive plate, taking a lithium plate as a negative electrode, taking a 1.0mol/L solution with a solute of LiPF6 as an electrolyte, taking a solvent of the electrolyte as a mixed solvent of ethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate (the volume ratio of the ethyl carbonate to the dimethyl carbonate to the diethyl carbonate is 1: 1), and taking a polyethylene microporous membrane as a diaphragm to assemble the battery. The cell test conditions were as follows: at 25 ℃, the battery is subjected to constant current within the voltage range of 2.5V-4.2V, the current of 0.1C is adopted for charging, and the current of 0.1C is adopted for discharging; and detecting by using a 1C/1C multiplying power in a circulating manner. The test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
From the data in table 1, it can be seen that: compared with the comparative example 1, the discharge capacity, the first effect and the cycle life of the lithium iron phosphate obtained by the invention are greatly improved. The performance of lithium iron phosphate is greatly improved by adding ethanol. Meanwhile, under the same test conditions, the 5C capacity of examples 1, 2, 3, and 4 is 80.5% of the 0.1C capacity, which is significantly higher than 67.2% of comparative example 1, indicating that the lithium iron phosphate of the present invention has significantly improved high-rate discharge performance.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the superfine lithium iron phosphate cathode material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, as phosphorus: iron molar ratio ═ (1.3-1.8): 1 proportion weighing ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and phosphoric acid, dissolving ferrous sulfate heptahydrate with water, adding equimolar sulfuric acid and enough H2O2Preparing ferric sulfate solution; adding water to the phosphoric acid to dissolve the phosphoric acid to the same molar concentration;
s2, weighing surfactant and ethanol (20-40)% of the solution by mass (0.3-0.8)% and adding phosphoric acid, heating in a water bath to (30-70) ° C, pumping ferric sulfate solution by using a constant flow pump, stirring for a certain reaction time, adjusting the pH to (1.5-2.2) by using ammonia water, filtering, collecting filter residues, washing the filter residues for several times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, drying and calcining at (500) ° C to 600 ℃) to obtain iron phosphate powder;
s3, as lithium: iron molar ratio 1: 2, weighing lithium carbonate and the prepared iron phosphate powder, adding a certain amount of reducing sugar, adding a proper amount of absolute ethyl alcohol as a dispersing agent, performing ball milling for 3h, performing heat preservation for 5h at 450 ℃ under the protection of inert gas, heating to 800 ℃ for 15h at (3-4) h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain LiFePO4C ultra-fine powder.
2. The method for preparing the ultrafine lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S1, the concentration of the ferric sulfate solution is (0.8-1.2) mol/L.
3. The method for preparing the ultrafine lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S2, the surfactant is one or more of amine salts and quaternary amine salts.
4. The method for preparing the ultrafine lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S2, the constant flow pump has a pumping speed of (0.5-1.5) L/h.
5. The method for preparing the ultrafine lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S2, the drying is vacuum drying at 75-90 deg.C.
6. The method for preparing the ultrafine lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S3, the reducing sugar is one of glucose, fructose, maltose, and lactose.
7. The method for preparing the ultrafine lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S3, the molar ratio of the reducing sugar to the iron phosphate is (0.15-0.2): 1.
8. the method for preparing the ultrafine lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S3, the inert gas is a mixture of nitrogen, argon, and nitrogen-argon.
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