CN114312232A - Combined heat and power control method for mining new energy heavy truck - Google Patents
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Abstract
A combined heat and power control method for a mining new energy heavy truck comprises the following control steps: 1) when the electric quantity SOC of the battery system is lower than a set threshold value SOCsita, an external heater is adopted to supply heat to a cab and the battery system, the energy of the battery system is totally used for the power demand of a vehicle, and the energy feedback is totally used for charging the battery system: 2) when the electric quantity SOC of the battery system is larger than a set threshold value SOCsita, the current environment temperature needs to be judged, and the following control method is adopted according to different environment temperatures: 3) when the electric quantity SOC of the battery system is full, the energy feedback is completely used for the heat supply of the electric heater. Compared with the prior art, the invention supplies heat and power to the vehicle by controlling the expanded energy, increases the endurance mileage, reduces the energy consumption and improves the energy utilization rate. And the battery system heat management unit, the cab heat management unit and the extended energy heat management unit are integrated, so that the comprehensive driving experience of a user is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermal management of a mining new energy heavy truck, in particular to a combined heat and power control method of the mining new energy heavy truck.
Background
The release of the national 'double carbon policy' makes the environmental protection requirement which is stricter gradually more urgent. To achieve the goal of "carbon neutralization", more and more new energy heavy trucks are emerging from many mines. The battery capacity carried by the pure electric vehicle is limited, the energy consumption is high during the mine work, the vehicle is mainly suitable for heavy load downhill and other scenes, and the scenes mainly utilize downhill energy recovery to supplement power to offset the power consumption during uphill, so that the mileage requirement is met. However, in cold weather and regions, extra energy consumption is caused due to the heating requirement of the battery and the heating requirement of the cab, so that the driving mileage is greatly shortened.
In order to solve the problem, the common idea is to develop a hybrid mine card or a range-extended mine card to solve the mileage problem and the heat supply problem, but because the mine card has a large full load and a ramp factor, the power requirement is high, and the introduction of an engine or a range extender generally requires high power, so that the emission pollution is increased, which is basically contrary to the concept of green mines.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a combined heat and power control method for a mining new energy heavy truck, which solves the balance problem of heat supply and mileage of a vehicle by adding an energy-saving heat source by utilizing an original pure electric system and adopting energy optimal control through an energy feedback mode, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a combined heat and power control method for a mining new energy heavy truck comprises a combined heat and power control system, wherein an energy-saving type expansion heat source and a PTC electric heating device are added to the combined heat and power control system, and the method specifically comprises the following control steps:
1) when the electric quantity SOC of the battery system is lower than a set threshold value SOCsita, an energy-saving type expansion heat source is adopted to supply heat to a cab and the battery system, the energy of the battery system is totally used for the power demand of a vehicle, and the energy feedback is totally used for charging the battery system:
2) when the electric quantity SOC of the battery system is larger than a set threshold value SOCsita, the current environment temperature needs to be judged, and the following control method is adopted according to different environment temperatures:
21) when the temperature is lower than the set temperature Talfa, starting an energy-saving expansion heat source to supply heat to a cab and a battery system, and simultaneously directly using energy feedback for the PTC electric heating device to supply heat, wherein the energy feedback only supplies heat and is not charged;
22) when the temperature is higher than the set temperature Talfa and lower than the set temperature Tbelta, the energy-saving type expansion heat source is closed, energy is fed back to the cab and the battery system for supplying heat in the downhill stage, and the battery system supplies heat to the cab and the battery system by using the electric quantity of the battery system in other road sections;
23) when the temperature reaches the set temperature Tbelta, the temperature of the cab is enough, the energy feedback heating is continuously closed, the energy feedback is used for charging the battery system,
3) when the electric quantity SOC of the battery system is full, the energy feedback is completely used for the heat supply of the PTC electric heating device.
Preferably, the energy feedback calculation includes the following steps:
1) obtaining energy consumption curves at different environmental temperatures through vehicle power consumption and heat supply energy consumption;
2) obtaining an energy feedback curve according to different energy feedback depths (the energy feedback depths are determined by the uphill slope and the downhill slope of the vehicle), wherein the energy consumption curve adopts three types, respectively represents strong, medium and weak, and respectively corresponds to the feedback force of the vehicle in zero energy consumption driving under three environmental temperatures of T1, T2 and T3 under standard working conditions
、
And
wherein the temperature T3>T2>T1, T1 is the lowest temperature of feedback heating start, T3 is the highest temperature of feedback heating start;
3) determining a zero energy consumption point according to an energy consumption curve, wherein the zero energy consumption point is an intersection point of an energy consumption curve and an electricity supplementing curve in the energy consumption curve;
4) the energy feedback force at other temperatures between the lowest temperature and the highest temperature of the feedback heating start is obtained by adopting a linear interpolation formula: the following were used:
When the temperature T is between T1 and T2, the values are as follows, wherein k1 and k2 are coefficients between 0 and 1, and k1+ k2=1 is satisfied, then
When the temperature T is between T2 and T3, the values are as follows, wherein k2 and k3 are coefficients between 0 and 1, and k3+ k2=1 is satisfied, then
Preferably, the vehicle power consumption is calculated by:
due to the special application scene of the vehicle, the working condition of the vehicle is generally fixed, and the vehicle usually runs back and forth between an ore mining point and an ore unloading point, wherein the road condition between the ore mining point and the ore unloading point is called standard road condition, and other road conditions are called non-standard road condition. Generally, more than 80% of the mine operation time is on the standard road condition, and the standard road condition is divided into two slopes of a downhill slope and an uphill slope due to the slope between the ore excavation point and the ore unloading point,
when the vehicle runs on a slope, the power required for overcoming the friction is
(ii) a The power required to overcome gravity is
(ii) a The power required to overcome the wind resistance is
(ii) a The power demand formula of the power system is as follows:
Wherein:
is the coefficient of friction;
the test mass of the electric automobile is kg;
the windward resistance coefficient;
transmission system efficiency;
frontal area, unit m 2;
maximum slope angle in degrees;
the climbing vehicle speed is km/h,
the method for calculating the heat supply energy consumption comprises the following steps: based on the thermodynamic equation, the heating power is as follows, which is a first order differential equation, so the heating energy consumption curve is non-linear,
Wherein:
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a control method for combined heat and power supply of a mining new energy heavy truck. The invention solves the problem of improving the mileage of the vehicle by a control method, abandons the problem of solving the mileage problem by only adding energy consumption components such as an engine or a range extender and the like in the prior art, and greatly improves the energy utilization rate of the vehicle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a combined heat and power control system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a combined heat and power control method of the mining new energy heavy truck according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a heat supply structure of the control method for cogeneration of heat and power for a new energy heavy truck for mining according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of a variation function of electric quantity of the mining new energy heavy truck under a standard working condition;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the work power consumption function of the mining new energy heavy truck in a low-temperature environment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of energy consumption of the mining new energy heavy truck cogeneration method under standard working conditions of different environmental temperatures;
FIG. 7 is a graph of energy consumption and feedback under T3 for the combined heat and power system method for a new energy heavy truck for mining of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating the energy consumption and feedback under the condition of T2 according to the combined heat and power control method for the mining new energy heavy truck of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of energy consumption and feedback of a combined heat and power system of a new energy mining heavy truck under the condition of T1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown.
As shown in fig. 1, the cogeneration control system is: the energy feedback of the power system can provide electric energy for the battery system and the PTC electric heater to ensure operation. The thermal management unit cools parts needing cooling in the whole vehicle, such as a battery system and a power system. The energy-saving extended energy source can heat the battery system and the cab, and the PTC electric heating device only heats the cab. The structural schematic diagram of heating and cooling is shown in fig. 3:
the energy-saving type expansion heat source expanded in the system adopts methanol, ethanol and the like as fuels, generates large heat, has low pollution and low emission, continuously works in a high-efficiency area state at extremely low temperature to generate heat, and heats a battery system and a cab through heat transfer. And once the battery system and the cab reach a certain critical temperature value, the energy-saving type extended heat source is closed. And the specific value of the temperature value needs to be obtained by running tests under different working conditions according to different vehicle types.
As shown in fig. 2, the combined heat and power control method for the new energy heavy truck for the mine specifically comprises the following control steps:
1) when the electric quantity SOC of the battery system is lower than a set threshold value SOCsita, an energy-saving type expansion heat source is adopted to supply heat to a cab and the battery system, the energy of the battery system is totally used for the power demand of a vehicle, and the energy feedback is totally used for charging the battery system:
2) when the electric quantity SOC of the battery system is larger than a set threshold value SOCsita, the current environment temperature needs to be judged, and the following control method is adopted according to different environment temperatures:
21) when the temperature is lower than the set temperature Talfa (generally lower than-20 ℃), starting an energy-saving expansion heat source to supply heat to a cab and a battery system, and simultaneously directly using energy feedback for the heat supply of the PTC electric heating device, wherein the energy feedback only supplies heat and is not charged;
22) when the temperature is higher than the set temperature Talfa and lower than the set temperature Tbelta, the energy-saving type expansion heat source is closed, energy is fed back to the cab and the battery system for supplying heat in the downhill stage, and the battery system supplies heat to the cab and the battery system by using the electric quantity of the battery system in other road sections;
23) when the temperature reaches the set temperature Tbelta, the temperature of the cab is enough, the energy feedback heating is continuously closed, the energy feedback is used for charging the battery system,
3) when the electric quantity SOC of the battery system is full, the energy feedback is completely used for the heat supply of the PTC electric heating device.
The power system power calculation method comprises the following steps: due to the special application scene of the mining vehicle, the working condition of the mining vehicle is generally fixed, and the mining vehicle generally operates back and forth between an ore excavation point and an ore discharge point, wherein the road condition between the ore excavation point and the ore discharge point is called standard road condition, and other road conditions are called non-standard road condition. Generally, more than 80% of the mine operation time is on the standard road condition, and the standard road condition is divided into a downhill slope and an uphill slope due to the fact that a slope exists between an ore excavation point and an ore unloading point.
When the vehicle runs on a slope, the power required for overcoming the friction is
(ii) a The power required to overcome gravity is
(ii) a The power required to overcome the wind resistance is
(ii) a The power demand formula of the power system is as follows:
Wherein:
is the coefficient of friction;
the test mass of the electric automobile is kg;
the windward resistance coefficient;
transmission system efficiency;
frontal area, unit m 2;
maximum slope angle in degrees;
the climbing vehicle speed is km/h.
Since the mine vehicle runs at a low speed and a substantially constant speed in the mine, the energy consumed by the vehicle power system can be approximately considered to be linear, that is, the power consumption (SOC) versus time curve is a linear curve when the mine vehicle goes up and down a slope. According to the mine working condition and the relevant parameters of the mining truck, the energy consumption curve shown in fig. 4 can be obtained through a formula 2.
At present, the energy management method of the electric mine card utilizes downhill energy feedback electricity compensation in a standard working condition to offset the energy consumption of an uphill in the standard working condition, as shown in fig. 4, assuming that the uphill and downhill time is ti, a-B are electricity consumptions in a single-trip standard working condition uphill, and C-B are electricity compensations in a single-trip standard working condition downhill, as long as the electricity consumptions are a-B = electricity compensations C-B, zero energy consumption in the standard working condition can be realized, and the electric mine card can meet the use requirements of a non-standard working condition only by less electric quantity.
As shown in fig. 5, in the S1 low-temperature power consumption curve, when the ambient temperature is low, both the battery system and the cab have a heating demand, and the heating demand consumes a large amount of power. Based on a thermodynamic formula, the heating power is as follows, which is a first order differential equation, so that the heating energy consumption curve is nonlinear, and the low-temperature power consumption is as follows:
Wherein:
the air specific heat capacity of a battery system or a cab; m is the battery system mass or the cab air mass;
the temperature change rate.
When there is a heating demand, the total power demand of the electric mine card is the power demand curve plus the heating demand curve, which is a non-linear curve, such as the S3 curve in fig. 5. It should be noted that the lower the ambient temperature T, the steeper the curve of the low temperature power consumption decreases, and the steeper the slope of the curve of the total power consumption. Therefore, at the same downhill time ti, the lower the temperature, the greater the total energy consumed, as shown in fig. 6, the temperature T3> T2> T1, and the energy consumption AB1< AB2< AB3, it is obvious that zero energy consumption under the standard operating condition can be realized through energy feedback at the temperature T3, but zero energy consumption cannot be realized at T2 and T1, so that the driving range of the electric mine card is sharply reduced at low temperature. Therefore, the main function of the energy-saving type expanded heat source in the system is to solve the problem of heat supply energy demand in the low-temperature environment.
And the working state of the energy-saving type extended heat source can be adjusted according to the control strategy. And when the battery system and the cab rise to a certain temperature value, the energy-saving type extended heat source is closed. The heat supply of the cab is directly supplied to the PTC electric heating device by energy feedback under the working condition of downhill instead of charging the battery system first and then discharging for heating, so that the electric loss exists. Under the non-downhill working condition, the cab heat supply is provided by discharging and heating of a battery system.
Firstly, energy consumption curves at different environmental temperatures are obtained according to formula 2 and formula 3, that is, when the environmental temperatures are T1, T2, T3 and … Tn, energy consumption curves E1, E2, E3 and … En are obtained, in this embodiment, three temperature values are T3, T2 and T1, and the curves are shown as fig. 7-fig. 9 correspondingly.
And secondly, obtaining an energy feedback curve according to different energy feedback depths. The general energy consumption curve does not need too much, and three types are suitable, which respectively represent strong, medium and weak, and respectively correspond to the feedback force for realizing the zero energy consumption requirement under the standard working conditions of three different environmental temperatures T1, T2 and T3
、
And
. Wherein T1 is the lowest temperature corresponding to the feedback heating start, and T3 is the highest temperature corresponding to the feedback heating start. The zero energy consumption point is determined by intersecting the power consumption curve and the power supplement curve so that the power consumption SOC = the power supplement SOC, as shown in fig. 4.
Thirdly, the energy feedback force at other temperatures between the lowest temperature and the highest temperature of the feedback heating start is obtained by adopting a linear interpolation formula, and the energy feedback force is as follows:
When the temperature T is between T1 and T2, the values are as follows, wherein k1 and k2 are coefficients between 0 and 1, and k1+ k2=1 is satisfied, then
When the temperature T is between T2 and T3, the values are as follows, wherein k2 and k3 are coefficients between 0 and 1, and k3+ k2=1 is satisfied, then
In summary, according to different environmental temperatures, the following control methods are adopted in the invention:
1) when the electric quantity SOC of the battery system is lower than a set threshold value SOCsita, an energy-saving type expansion heat source is adopted to supply heat to a cab and the battery system, the energy of the battery system is totally used for the power demand of a vehicle, the energy feedback is totally used for charging the battery system, and the working state at the moment is determined as a working state 1;
2) when the electric quantity SOC of the battery system is larger than a set threshold value SOCsita, the current environment temperature needs to be judged, and the following control method is adopted according to different environment temperatures:
21) when the temperature is lower than the set temperature Talfa, starting an energy-saving expansion heat source to supply heat to a cab and a battery system, and simultaneously directly using energy feedback for the heat supply of the PTC electric heating device, wherein the energy feedback only supplies heat and is not charged, and the working state at the moment is determined as a working state 2;
22) when the temperature is higher than the set temperature Talfa and lower than the set temperature Tbelta, the energy-saving type expansion heat source is closed, energy is fed back to the cab and the battery system for supplying heat in the downhill stage, the battery system supplies heat to the cab and the battery system in other road sections, and the working state at the moment is also a working state 2;
23) when the temperature reaches the set temperature Tbelta, the temperature of the cab is enough, the energy feedback heat supply is continuously closed, and the energy feedback is used for charging the battery system;
3) when the electric quantity SOC of the battery system is full, the energy feedback is completely used for the heat supply of the PTC electric heating device, and the working state at the moment is also the working state 2.
The specific implementation processes of the working state 1 and the working state 2 are shown in fig. 3.
Working state 1: the system operation loop comprises an expansion heat source heating cab and an expansion heat source heating battery system loop when the energy-saving expansion heat source works. The expanded heat source heats the cab: the cooling liquid flows out from the expansion energy source after being heated at the expansion heat source, enters the cab through the second three-way connector 10, the first one-way valve 11 and the third three-way connector 12 under the action of the second water pump 14, the blower in the cab transfers heat in the cooling liquid out, and then the cooling liquid flows into the expansion heat source through the fourth three-way connector 17 to be continuously heated, so that water circulation is completed. The battery system is heated by the extended heat source: the cooling liquid flows out from the expansion heat source after being heated at the expansion heat source, enters the battery system through the thermometer 6 under the action of the first water pump through the second three-way interface 10 and the four-way valve 9 to heat the battery system, and then enters the expansion heat source through the first three-way valve 4, the first three-way interface 2, the second three-way valve 18 and the fourth three-way interface 17 to be continuously heated, so that the circulation is completed.
And 2, working state: when the PTC electric heating device works, the loop of the operation of the cogeneration system is a loop of the PTC electric heating device 19 for heating the cab. The PTC electrical heating device 19 heats the cab: the second water pump 14 works to enable the cooling liquid in the pipeline to flow, the cooling liquid flows out from the PTC electric heating device after being heated at the PTC electric heating device 19, enters the second water pump 14 through the second one-way valve 16 and the second three-way connector 12, enters the cab through the action of the second water pump 14, the blower in the cab transfers the heat in the cooling liquid out, and then the cooling liquid flows into the PTC electric heating device through the fourth three-way connector 17 and the second three-way valve 18 to be continuously heated, so that water circulation is completed.
In addition, the invention also comprises a working state 3 of cooling the system, and the thermal management unit in the system can cool the battery system, the cab, the motor, the PDU and the like. Thermal management cooling battery system loop: the first water pump 5 works to enable cooling liquid to flow in a loop, the cooling liquid flows out after being cooled by the heat management unit, enters the battery system through the thermometer 6 after passing through the first four-way valve 9 and being acted by the first water pump 5 to cool the battery system, and then the cooling liquid returns to the heat management unit through the second three-way valve 5 to complete circulation. Thermal management cooling of the cab: the second water pump 14 works to enable cooling liquid to flow in a loop, the cooling liquid flows out after being cooled by the heat management unit, the cooling liquid enters the cab through the first four-way valve 9, the second three-way connector 10, the first one-way valve 11 and the third three-way connector 12 and after being acted by the second water pump 14, heat transfer is completed through the action of an air blower in the cab to cool the cab, and then the cooling liquid returns to the heat management unit through the fourth three-way connector 17, the second three-way valve 18, the first three-way connector 2 and the first three-way valve 4 to complete circulation. The heat management cooling motor and other parts of units: the third water pump 15 works to enable cooling liquid to flow in a loop, the cooling liquid flows out after being cooled by the heat management unit, enters the motor and other units through the four-way valve 9 after being acted by the third water pump 15, cools the motor and other units, and then returns to the heat management unit through the first three-way connector 2 to complete circulation.
According to the control method for the combined heat and power supply of the new energy heavy truck for the mine, the specific control steps and the working states are integrated, and the problem of balance between heat supply and mileage of the mine truck is solved by adding a set of energy-saving heat source on the basis of a vehicle-mounted pure electric system and adopting an energy optimal control mode. The invention solves the problem of improving the mileage of the vehicle by a control method, abandons the problem of solving the mileage problem by only adding energy consumption components such as an engine or a range extender and the like in the prior art, and greatly improves the energy utilization rate of the vehicle.
Claims (2)
1. The combined heat and power control method for the mining new energy heavy truck is characterized by comprising a combined heat and power control system, wherein an energy-saving type expansion heat source and a PTC electric heating device are added in the combined heat and power control system, and the method specifically comprises the following control steps:
1) when the electric quantity SOC of the battery system is lower than a set threshold value SOCsita, an energy-saving type expansion heat source is adopted to supply heat to a cab and the battery system, the energy of the battery system is totally used for the power demand of a vehicle, and the energy feedback is totally used for charging the battery system:
2) when the electric quantity SOC of the battery system is larger than a set threshold value SOCsita, the current environment temperature needs to be judged, and the following control method is adopted according to different environment temperatures:
21) when the temperature is lower than the set temperature Talfa, starting an energy-saving expansion heat source to supply heat to a cab and a battery system, and simultaneously directly using energy feedback for the PTC electric heating device to supply heat, wherein the energy feedback only supplies heat and is not charged;
22) when the temperature is higher than the set temperature Talfa and lower than the set temperature Tbelta, the energy-saving type expansion heat source is closed, energy is fed back to the cab and the battery system for supplying heat in the downhill stage, and the battery system supplies heat to the cab and the battery system by using the electric quantity of the battery system in other road sections;
23) when the temperature reaches the set temperature Tbelta, the temperature of the cab is enough, the energy feedback heating is continuously closed, the energy feedback is used for charging the battery system,
3) when the electric quantity SOC of the battery system is full, the energy feedback is completely used for the heat supply of the PTC electric heating device.
2. The mining new energy heavy truck cogeneration control method of claim 1, wherein said energy feedback calculation comprises the steps of:
1) obtaining energy consumption curves at different environmental temperatures through vehicle power consumption and heat supply energy consumption;
2) obtaining an energy feedback curve according to different energy feedback depths, wherein the energy consumption curve adopts three types, represents strong, medium and weak respectively, and corresponds to the feedback force of the vehicle in zero energy consumption driving under three environmental temperatures of T1, T2 and T3 respectively
、
And
wherein the temperature T3>T2>T1, T1 is the lowest temperature of feedback heating start, T3 is the highest temperature of feedback heating start;
3) determining a zero energy consumption point according to an energy consumption curve, wherein the zero energy consumption point is an intersection point of an energy consumption curve and an electricity supplementing curve in the energy consumption curve;
4) the energy feedback force at other temperatures between the lowest temperature and the highest temperature of the feedback heating start is obtained by adopting a linear interpolation formula: the following were used:
When the temperature T is between T1 and T2, the values are as follows, wherein k1 and k2 are coefficients between 0 and 1, and k1+ k2=1 is satisfied, then
When the temperature T is between T2 and T3, the values are as follows, wherein k2 and k3 are coefficients between 0 and 1, and k3+ k2=1 is satisfied, then
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