CN114309971A - Laser metal cutting device - Google Patents
Laser metal cutting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114309971A CN114309971A CN202011052739.9A CN202011052739A CN114309971A CN 114309971 A CN114309971 A CN 114309971A CN 202011052739 A CN202011052739 A CN 202011052739A CN 114309971 A CN114309971 A CN 114309971A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser metal cutting device, which comprises a first laser generating module, a second laser generating module, a laser beam combining module and an auxiliary gas module, wherein the first laser generating module outputs laser capable of melting metal into metal melt, the second laser generating module outputs laser capable of discharging the metal melt, the laser beam combining module combines the laser output by the first laser generating module and the laser output by the second laser generating module into a composite laser beam, the auxiliary gas module outputs high-speed airflow to act on the metal melt to generate first recoil force, the composite laser beam acts on the metal, the laser output by the first laser generating module in the composite laser beam melts the metal into the metal melt, the laser output by the second laser generating module in the composite laser beam generates second recoil force on the metal surface, and the metal melt is discharged by the first recoil force and the second recoil force together, the discharge speed is accelerated, the formation of recast layers and residues is reduced, and the laser cutting efficiency and quality are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectrons, and particularly relates to a laser metal cutting device.
Background
Since the oxygen blowing method is proposed for metal laser cutting, the laser cutting technology becomes an important modern advanced processing technology in the industrial field due to the fast cutting speed, the non-contact property, the small heat affected zone, the small thermal deformation and the wide adaptability and flexibility. The current laser cutting techniques can be divided into vaporization cutting, oxygen-free melt cutting, oxygen-assisted melt cutting, and controlled fracture cutting. The principle of the laser cutting technology is that laser is applied to a processing material, the processing material is melted by the energy of the laser, and the melt is discharged by a high-speed airflow. Because the molten material is discharged at a low speed, the laser cutting efficiency is not improved, a recast layer is easy to form, in addition, the molten material is discharged mainly by means of high-speed airflow, slag is easy to stick to the back, residue burrs are formed on the back of the material, the wind speed and the direction of the high-speed airflow have great influence on the dynamic precision of cutting, and the influence on the dynamic precision is larger when the high-speed airflow is larger.
Therefore, the current laser cutting technology generally has the problems of low running speed, poor dynamic precision, difficult guarantee of the quality of a cut section and the like, and in order to further improve the product quality and the production rate and reduce the running cost, a novel laser cutting device needs to be provided so as to meet the increasing production requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a laser metal cutting device aiming at overcoming the defects, and aims to solve the technical problems of low cutting efficiency and poor quality of a cut section of the existing laser cutting device due to the fact that the speed of an air flow for discharging a melt is low.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a laser metal cutting device, which comprises a first laser generating module, a second laser generating module, a laser beam combining module and an auxiliary gas module; the output end of the first laser generation module is connected with one input end of the laser beam combining module, and the output end of the second laser generation module is connected with the other input end of the laser beam combining module; the first laser generation module is used for outputting laser which can melt metal into metal melt; the second laser generation module is used for outputting laser which can remove metal melt; the laser beam combining module is used for combining laser capable of melting metal into metal melt and laser capable of removing the metal melt into a composite laser beam; and the auxiliary gas module is used for outputting high-speed gas flow with the same direction as the direction of the composite laser beam.
Further, the first laser generation module outputs laser which can melt metal into metal melt, the second laser generation module outputs laser which can remove the metal melt, the laser beam output by the first laser generation module and the laser beam output by the second laser generation module are combined into a composite laser beam through the laser beam combining module, the composite laser beam acts on the metal, the metal surface is melted into metal melt under the action of the laser output by the first laser generation module in the composite laser beam, the metal melt gradually extends towards the interior of the material, a small part of the metal melt is liquefied and evaporated, most of the metal melt is sputtered and discharged in a liquid form under the combined action of the recoil force formed by the laser output by the second laser generation module and the recoil force formed by high-speed airflow, holes are rapidly formed on the metal surface, and then the holes are formed along the cutting direction after the metal surface is formed, the metal moves relative to the composite laser and high velocity gas stream to form a kerf.
And the laser focusing module is used for focusing the composite laser beam, the output end of the laser beam combining module is connected with the input end of the laser focusing module, the power density of the composite laser beam can be improved by focusing the composite laser beam, and the cutting efficiency and quality are improved.
Further, the first laser generation module outputs laser with average power of 5MW/cm 2-50 MW/cm2, and the laser with the average power can cut common metals such as stainless steel, copper, carbon steel and the like.
Further, the first laser generation module is a continuous laser or a long pulse laser with a pulse width on the millisecond level.
Furthermore, the second laser generation module outputs laser with peak power reaching 5000W and pulse width below microsecond level, so that larger recoil force can be generated, metal melt is discharged, and cutting efficiency and quality are improved.
Further, the second laser generation module is a pulse laser with a pulse width below microsecond level.
Furthermore, the laser beam combining module is an optical fiber beam combiner, the first laser generation module is connected with the optical fiber beam combiner through an optical fiber, the second laser generation module is connected with the optical fiber beam combiner through an optical fiber, and the optical fiber beam combiner is high in integration level and good in stability.
Furthermore, the laser beam combining module is a polarization beam combiner, the first laser generating module outputs polarized laser to the polarization beam combiner, the second laser generating module outputs polarized laser to the polarization beam combiner, and the polarization state of the polarized laser output by the first laser generating module is orthogonal to the polarization state of the polarized laser output by the second laser generating module.
Furthermore, the laser beam combining module is a spatial beam combiner, the first laser generation module outputs laser to irradiate the spatial beam combiner, the second laser generation module outputs laser to irradiate the spatial beam combiner, the laser output by the first laser generation module is perpendicular to the laser output by the second laser generation module, and the spatial beam combiner is easy and convenient to operate and easy to realize.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the laser beam composite laser cutting device comprises a first laser generation module, a second laser generation module, a first laser beam, a second laser beam and a laser beam, wherein the first laser generation module outputs laser, the second laser generation module outputs laser, the laser beam composite laser melts metal and forms metal melt, the laser can reach very high surface temperature to form recoil force, the metal melt is rapidly discharged in a liquid sputtering mode under the combined action of the recoil force formed by the laser output by the second laser generation module and the recoil force formed by high-speed airflow, the formation of a recast layer and material residues is reduced, the surface roughness of processed metal is small, the quality of laser cutting metal is improved, and the cutting efficiency is remarkably improved.
2. According to the invention, the composite laser beam formed by the laser output by the first laser generation module and the laser output by the second laser generation module is used for cutting metal, so that the requirement on a laser is reduced, a better cutting effect is achieved, and the cost of the laser cutting device is obviously reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the metal cutting device based on composite laser beam provided by the present invention includes a first laser generating module for outputting laser capable of melting metal into metal melt, a second laser generating module for outputting laser capable of discharging metal melt, and a laser beam combining module for combining the laser output by the first laser generating module and the laser output by the second laser generating module into composite laser beam, wherein an output end of the first laser generating module is connected to one input end of the laser beam combining module, and an output end of the second laser generating module is connected to the other input end of the laser beam combining module.
The composite laser beam acts on metal, under the action of laser output by a first laser generation module in the composite laser, the metal surface is firstly melted into metal melt, the metal melt gradually extends towards the interior of the material, a small part of the metal melt is liquefied and evaporated, most of the metal melt is sputtered and discharged in a liquid state under the combined action of recoil force formed by high-peak power laser and recoil force formed by high-speed airflow, the composite laser beam rapidly forms holes on the metal surface, and the metal moves relative to the composite laser and the high-speed airflow along the cutting direction to form a cutting seam.
Under the combined action of the recoil force formed by the high-peak power laser and the recoil force formed by the high-speed airflow, the gold metal melt is sputtered out in a liquid state, the formation of a recast layer and material residues in the cutting process is reduced, the surface roughness of a processed material is reduced, and the quality of a metal material cut by the laser is improved.
As another embodiment provided by the present invention, the metal cutting device based on the composite laser beam further includes a laser focusing module for focusing the composite laser to form the composite laser beam with high power density, an output end of the laser beam combining module is connected to an input end of the laser focusing module, and the composite laser beam with high power density acts on the metal to increase a rate of melting the metal into a metal melt, and the laser output by the second laser generating module can generate a larger recoil force, which is beneficial to discharging the metal melt more quickly, reducing the formation of a recast layer and material residues, and improving the metal cutting quality.
According to another embodiment provided by the invention, the first laser generation module outputs laser with the average power of 5MW/cm 2-50 MW/cm2, and the laser under the power can cut common metals such as stainless steel, copper, carbon steel and the like.
As another embodiment provided by the invention, the second laser generation module outputs laser with peak power reaching 5000W and pulse width below microsecond level, so that larger recoil force can be generated, metal melt is discharged, the formation of a recast layer and material residues is reduced, and the cutting efficiency and quality are improved.
As shown in fig. 2, according to another embodiment of the present invention, a continuous laser 1 is used for outputting continuous laser capable of melting metal into financial melts, and the continuous laser 1 can output high laser energy, which is beneficial to improving cutting speed and cutting quality, a pulse laser 2 is used for outputting laser capable of discharging metal melts and having a pulse width below micron level, the continuous laser 1 is connected with an optical fiber combiner 3 through an optical fiber, the pulse laser 2 is connected with the optical fiber combiner 3 through an optical fiber, a laser beam is realized by using the optical fiber combiner, which is convenient to install and has good stability, the continuous laser output by the continuous laser 1 and the pulse laser output by the pulse laser 2 are combined into a composite laser beam 4 through the optical fiber combiner 3, the composite laser beam 4 is reflected by a reflector 5, the direction is changed, the combined laser beam 4 after the direction is changed is focused by a focusing lens 6, obtaining a composite laser beam 9 with high power density, enabling the composite laser beam 9 to act on metal 10 through a protective mirror 7, heating the metal and melting the metal under the action of continuous laser in the composite laser beam 9 to form metal melt, enabling the metal melt to gradually extend towards the interior of the material, enabling an auxiliary gas device 8 to generate high-speed airflow in the same direction as that of the composite laser beam 9, enabling the metal melt to be sputtered and discharged in a liquid state under the combined action of recoil force formed by the high-speed airflow and recoil force formed by pulse laser to quickly form holes, enabling the metal to move relative to the composite laser and the high-speed airflow along the cutting direction after the holes are formed to form slits, accelerating the formation of the metal melt under the action of the composite laser beam with high power density and the high-speed airflow, enabling the metal melt to be sputtered and discharged in a liquid state, and reducing the formation of recast layers and material residues, is beneficial to improving the cutting speed and quality.
As shown in fig. 3, in another embodiment of the present invention, a polarized continuous laser 1 is used for outputting polarized continuous laser, a polarized pulse laser 2 is used for outputting polarized pulse laser orthogonal to the polarization state of the polarized continuous laser, and the pulse laser pulse width is below micron level, the polarized continuous laser output by the polarized laser 1 is emitted to a polarized beam combiner 12, the polarized pulse laser output by the polarized laser 2 is emitted to the polarized beam combiner 12, the polarized pulse laser is combined into a composite laser beam 4 by the polarized beam combiner 12, the composite laser beam 4 is reflected by a reflector 5 and then changed in direction, the composite laser beam 4 with changed direction is focused by a focusing lens 6 to obtain a composite laser 9 with high power density, the composite laser beam 9 acts on a metal 10 through a protective mirror 7, under the action of the polarized continuous laser in the composite laser 9, the metal is heated and melted to form a metal melt, the metal melt gradually extends towards the interior of the material, the auxiliary gas device 8 generates high-speed airflow in the same direction as the composite laser beam, the metal melt is sputtered and discharged in a liquid form under the combined action of the recoil force formed by the high-speed airflow and the recoil force formed by the polarized pulse laser, holes are formed quickly, after the holes are formed, the metal moves relative to the composite laser and the high-speed airflow along the cutting direction to form a cutting seam, and the formation of the metal melt is accelerated under the action of the composite laser beam with high power density and the high-speed airflow, so that the metal melt is sputtered and discharged in a liquid form, the formation of a recast layer and material residues is reduced, and the cutting speed and the cutting quality are improved.
As shown in fig. 4, in another embodiment of the present invention, a long pulse laser 1 is used for outputting a long pulse laser capable of melting metal into metal melt, the long pulse laser is easy to implement and can reduce the cost of this embodiment, the long pulse laser is applied to a beam combining prism 13, a pulse laser 2 is used for outputting a pulse laser with a pulse width length of micron order that can discharge the metal melt, the direction of the pulse laser is perpendicular to the direction of the long pulse laser, the pulse laser is applied to the beam combining prism 13, the long pulse laser and the pulse laser are combined into a composite laser beam 4 through the beam combining prism 13, the laser beam combining is implemented by using the beam combining prism 13, the operation is simple and convenient, the beam combining is easy to implement, the direction of the laser beam 4 is changed after being reflected by a reflector 5, the combined laser beam 4 with the changed direction is focused by a focusing lens 6, so as to obtain the composite laser 9 with high power density, the composite beam 9 acts on the metal 10 through the protective mirror 7, the metal is heated and melted under the action of the long pulse laser in the beam combining laser 9 to form a metal melt, the metal melt gradually extends towards the interior of the material, the auxiliary gas device 8 generates high-speed airflow in the same direction as the composite beam, the metal melt is sputtered and discharged in a liquid form under the combined action of the recoil force formed by the high-speed airflow and the recoil force formed by the pulse laser to form a hole rapidly, the metal moves relative to the composite beam and the high-speed airflow along the cutting direction to form a kerf, and the metal melt is rapidly formed under the action of the composite beam and the high-speed airflow with high power density and is sputtered and discharged in a liquid form, so that the formation of a recast layer and material residues is reduced, and the cutting speed and quality are improved.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation.
In the present invention, the terms "set", "install", "connect", "fix", etc. should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they may be fixed connection or detachable connection; may be a mechanical connection; can be directly connected, and the specific meaning of the terms in the invention can be understood according to specific situations by a person skilled in the art; the terms "first", "second", and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and may refer to one or more of such features, and in the description of the invention "plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and all changes that do not depart from the structure and action of this embodiment are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A laser metal cutting apparatus, comprising: the device comprises a first laser generation module, a second laser generation module, a laser beam combination module and an auxiliary gas module; the output end of the first laser generation module is connected with one input end of the laser beam combining module, and the output end of the second laser generation module is connected with the other input end of the laser beam combining module; the first laser generation module is used for outputting laser which can melt metal into metal melt; the first laser generation module outputs laser with the average power of 5MW/cm 2-50 MW/cm 2; the first laser generation module is a continuous laser or a long pulse laser with pulse width at millisecond level; the second laser generation module is used for outputting laser which can remove metal melt; the second laser generation module outputs laser with peak power reaching 5000W and pulse width below microsecond level; the laser beam combining module is used for combining laser capable of melting metal into metal melt and laser capable of removing metal melt
The laser beam is combined into a composite laser beam; the auxiliary gas module is used for outputting high-speed gas flow with the same direction as the direction of the composite laser beam; and under the combined action of the recoil force formed by the laser output by the second laser generation module and the recoil force formed by the high-speed airflow, the metal melt is rapidly discharged in a liquid sputtering mode.
2. The laser metal cutting device according to claim 1, further comprising a laser focusing module for focusing the composite laser beam, wherein an output end of the laser beam combining module is connected to an input of the laser focusing module.
3. The laser metal cutting device according to claim 1, wherein the second laser generation module is a pulse laser with pulse width below microsecond level.
4. The laser metal cutting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the laser beam combining module is an optical fiber beam combiner, the first laser beam generating module is connected to the optical fiber beam combiner through an optical fiber, and the second laser beam generating module is connected to the optical fiber beam combiner through an optical fiber.
5. The laser metal cutting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the laser beam combining module is a polarization beam combiner, the first laser generation module outputs polarized laser light to the polarization beam combiner, the second laser generation module outputs polarized laser light to the polarization beam combiner, and the polarization state of the polarized laser light output by the first laser generation module is orthogonal to the polarization state of the polarized laser light output by the second laser generation module.
6. The laser metal cutting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the laser beam combining module is a spatial beam combiner, the first laser generating module outputs laser beams to the spatial beam combiner, the second laser generating module outputs laser beams to the spatial beam combiner, and the laser beams output by the first laser generating module are perpendicular to the laser beams output by the second laser generating module.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011052739.9A CN114309971A (en) | 2020-09-29 | 2020-09-29 | Laser metal cutting device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011052739.9A CN114309971A (en) | 2020-09-29 | 2020-09-29 | Laser metal cutting device |
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| CN114309971A true CN114309971A (en) | 2022-04-12 |
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| CN202011052739.9A Withdrawn CN114309971A (en) | 2020-09-29 | 2020-09-29 | Laser metal cutting device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115106545A (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2022-09-27 | 华南理工大学 | Coaxial coupling multi-laser material increasing and decreasing composite forming device and method |
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2020
- 2020-09-29 CN CN202011052739.9A patent/CN114309971A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115106545A (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2022-09-27 | 华南理工大学 | Coaxial coupling multi-laser material increasing and decreasing composite forming device and method |
| CN115106545B (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2023-12-22 | 华南理工大学 | Coaxially-coupled multi-laser material increasing and decreasing composite forming device and method |
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