CN114309112A - Novel Bc equal channel angular extrusion die - Google Patents
Novel Bc equal channel angular extrusion die Download PDFInfo
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- CN114309112A CN114309112A CN202111645334.0A CN202111645334A CN114309112A CN 114309112 A CN114309112 A CN 114309112A CN 202111645334 A CN202111645334 A CN 202111645334A CN 114309112 A CN114309112 A CN 114309112A
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013383 initial experiment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel Bc equal-diameter angle extrusion die which comprises a die body, wherein a vertical extrusion channel, a transverse extrusion channel and a longitudinal extrusion channel which are the same in diameter are arranged inside the die body, a feeding groove is formed in the upper end of the vertical extrusion channel, the lower end of the vertical extrusion channel is vertically communicated with one end of the transverse extrusion channel, and the other end of the transverse extrusion channel is vertically communicated with the end part of the longitudinal extrusion channel. The die has the advantages that 2-pass Bc path samples are obtained through 1-time charging through the ingenious combination of the vertical channel and the two horizontal channels, the samples can realize shear deformation in three directions, the true strain is about 2.0, the grain refining effect is good, the extrusion efficiency is high, the extrusion process is reliable and not easy to destabilize, the stress of a bolt is reasonable, the top end of an extrusion rod can be recycled, the assembly and disassembly are reasonable, and the like.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a novel Bc equal channel angular extrusion die,
background art:
the equal channel angular extruding mold is one mold for making metal material produce ideal pure shearing deformation in the corner of two channels in the same diameter and in certain angle to obtain superfine crystal material with high strength. Most of the isodiametric extrusion dies in laboratories today are conventional isodiametric extrusion dies, which typically have A, B two die blocks that snap together to form an isodiametric extrusion channel. However, most dies cannot obtain multi-pass samples through 1 charging, and even if the multi-pass samples can be obtained, the dies have the defects of large structural size, complex device, poor grain refining effect and the like. And the traditional die is generally subjected to Bc path extrusion, so that the material can be repeatedly charged, the steps are complicated, the extrusion efficiency is low, and the grain refining process is slow. For individual metal needing to be repeatedly disassembled from the die in an experiment, for example, when pure copper is extruded at an equal channel angle, the assembly and disassembly are difficult due to inaccurate positioning, and the extrusion rod is bent due to overhigh extrusion force in the experiment, so that the extrusion rod device needs to be frequently replaced, thereby causing the problem of product waste. In addition, the problem of rod instability can occur during the experiment because the extrusion rod is less in size of extending into the channel, and the constraint force at the outlet of the die is too large to cause inconvenience in die removal and accelerated die abrasion according to the characteristics of pure copper. Finally, some of the mold bolts are distributed unreasonably, which causes the problems of excessive load bearing of individual bolts, plastic deformation and the like.
Chinese patent No. 202021667537.0 discloses an equal channel path angle extrusion die, which overcomes the problem that the inflection point of the groove of the traditional die is easy to crack, but each time the material is charged, only 1 pass of equal channel angle extrusion is performed, the extrusion efficiency is low, the grain refinement is slow, the ultra-fine grain structure cannot be obtained quickly, and secondly the die is complex and is not easy to assemble. And Chinese patent No. 201621085616.4 discloses a rotary channel equal channel angular parallel extrusion die, which realizes that 1 time of charging can be carried out multi-pass extrusion, and the angle between a sample and the die is changed among passes, but does not strictly realize Bc path extrusion (Bc path: after each pass of extrusion, the sample always rotates 90 degrees along the same direction and then is put in for next pass of extrusion), the sample does not realize shear deformation in three directions, the grain refining effect is not obvious, and in addition, the die is more complex and is inconvenient to disassemble and assemble.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, namely the invention aims to provide a novel Bc equal channel angular extrusion die which is reasonable in design, can obtain 2 Bc path samples by 1 charging and improves the efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a novel Bc isodiametric angle extrusion die, includes the mould body, the inside of mould body is equipped with the same vertical extrusion passageway of diameter, horizontal extrusion passageway and vertical extrusion passageway, the upper end of vertical extrusion passageway is equipped with the silo, and the lower extreme of vertical extrusion passageway communicates with the one end of horizontal extrusion passageway is perpendicular, the other end of horizontal extrusion passageway communicates with the tip of vertical extrusion passageway is perpendicular.
Further, the mould body includes module A and module B of relative lock, all be equipped with vertical groove, horizontal groove and the vertical groove that communicates in proper order on module A and module B's the butt joint face, form vertical extrusion passageway behind module A's vertical groove and module B's the vertical groove looks lock, form horizontal extrusion passageway behind module A's the horizontal groove and module B's the horizontal groove looks lock, form vertical extrusion passageway behind module A's the vertical groove of module A and module B's the vertical groove looks lock.
Furthermore, the top of module A and the top of module B all are equipped with the semicircular groove that communicates with vertical groove mutually, and the semicircular groove of module A forms circular form last silo after with the semicircular groove looks lock of module B.
Further, the module A comprises a vertical section A and a horizontal section A which are distributed in an L shape, and the horizontal section A is fixed at the lower end of the left side face of the vertical section A; the module B is including vertical section B and the horizontal segment B that is L shape and distributes, the leading flank lower extreme at vertical section B is fixed to horizontal segment B, vertical section A's leading flank and vertical section B's trailing flank all set up vertical groove and transverse groove, horizontal segment A's right flank and horizontal segment B's left surface all set up vertical groove.
Furthermore, the upper end of the vertical section A and the upper end of the vertical section B are both provided with a first positioning pin hole, the front end of the horizontal section A and the front end of the horizontal section B are both provided with a second positioning pin hole, and positioning pins are arranged in the first positioning pin hole and the second positioning pin hole.
Further, the vertical section A and the vertical section B are fixedly connected through a plurality of pairs of first bolts distributed from top to bottom; the front ends of the horizontal section A and the horizontal section B are fixedly connected through a pair of second bolts.
Furthermore, the device also comprises an extrusion rod which is used for extending into the vertical extrusion channel and extruding the sample, and one end of the extrusion rod is connected with an extrusion base in a threaded manner.
Furthermore, a feeding seat is arranged in the feeding groove, and a vertical through hole which is beneficial to extrusion and penetration is formed in the middle of the feeding seat.
Furthermore, the longitudinal extrusion channel is in a step shape with a large diameter at the front end and a small diameter at the rear end.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects: the invention has simple and reasonable design, obtains 2-pass Bc path samples by 1-time charging, can realize shear deformation of the samples in three directions, has the true strain of about 2.0, good grain refining effect, high extrusion efficiency and reliable extrusion process and is not easy to destabilize.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a module A according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a module B according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exploded view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of Bc pathway tissue deformation effects;
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a loading base according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the extrusion stem in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-a mould body; 2-Module A; 3-module B; 4-a feeding seat; 5-extruding a rod; 6-extruding the base; 7-a positioning pin; 8-a first bolt; 9-a gasket; 10-a second bolt; 11-vertical section a; 12-horizontal segment a; 13-vertical section B; 14-horizontal segment B; 15-vertical grooves; 16-a transverse slot; 17-longitudinal grooves; 18-a first locating pin hole; 19-a second dowel hole; 20-semicircular groove.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the vertical direction means extending in the up-down direction, the horizontal direction means extending in the left-right direction, and the longitudinal direction means extending in the front-rear direction.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the novel Bc equal channel angular extrusion die comprises a die body 1, wherein a vertical extrusion channel, a transverse extrusion channel and a longitudinal extrusion channel which have the same diameter and are sequentially communicated are arranged inside the die body 1, the upper end of the vertical extrusion channel is communicated with a feeding trough, so that a sample is conveniently placed, the lower end of the vertical extrusion channel is vertically communicated with one end of the transverse extrusion channel, and the other end of the transverse extrusion channel is vertically communicated with the end part of the longitudinal extrusion channel, namely: the vertical extrusion channel and the transverse extrusion channel are distributed at an angle of 90 degrees, and the transverse extrusion channel and the longitudinal extrusion channel are also distributed at an angle of 90 degrees to form two 90-degree corners, so that the sample can be subjected to pure shearing deformation at the two corners respectively. During the use, put into vertical extrusion passageway with the sample, the experiment takes place pure shear deformation in the corner of vertical extrusion passageway and horizontal extrusion passageway, the corner of horizontal extrusion passageway and vertical extrusion passageway. The die has the advantages that 2-pass Bc path samples are obtained through 1-time charging through the ingenious combination of the vertical channel and the two horizontal channels, the samples can realize shear deformation in three directions, the true strain is about 2.0, the grain refining effect is good, the extrusion efficiency is high, the extrusion process is reliable and not easy to destabilize, the stress of a bolt is reasonable, the top end of an extrusion rod can be recycled, the assembly and disassembly are reasonable, and the like.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the mold body includes a module a2 and a module B3 that are fastened to each other, a vertical groove 15, a horizontal groove 16, and a longitudinal groove 17 that are sequentially communicated are disposed on the abutting surface of each of the modules 2A and B3, and the vertical groove, the horizontal groove, and the longitudinal groove have semicircular sections with the same diameter; the vertical groove 15 of the module A2 is buckled with the vertical groove 15 of the module B3 to form a vertical extrusion channel with a circular section, the transverse groove 16 of the module A2 is buckled with the transverse groove 16 of the module 3B to form a transverse extrusion channel with a circular section, and the longitudinal groove 17 of the module A2 is buckled with the longitudinal groove 17 of the module B3 to form a longitudinal extrusion channel with a circular section.
In this embodiment, the diameters of the vertical extrusion channel, the horizontal extrusion channel and the longitudinal extrusion channel are 10mm, the length of the vertical extrusion channel is 100mm, the length of the horizontal extrusion channel is 45mm, and the length of the longitudinal extrusion channel is 90 mm.
In this embodiment, the top of the module a and the top of the module B are both provided with a semicircular groove 20 communicated with the vertical groove, and the semicircular groove 20 of the module a2 and the semicircular groove 20 of the module B3 are buckled to form a circular feeding groove. Preferably, the feeding trough has a diameter of 60mm and a depth of 10 mm.
In the embodiment, the module A2 comprises a vertical section A11 and a horizontal section A12 which are distributed in an L shape, and the horizontal section A12 is fixed at the lower end of the left side face of the vertical section A11; the front side surface of the vertical section A11 is a butt joint surface, the right side surface of the horizontal section A12 is a butt joint surface, the front side surface of the vertical section A11 is provided with a vertical groove 15 and a transverse groove 16, and the right side surface of the horizontal section A12 is provided with a longitudinal groove 17. Module B3 is including being vertical section B13 and horizontal segment B14 of L shape distribution, horizontal segment B14 is fixed at the leading flank lower extreme of vertical section B13, the trailing flank of vertical section B13 sets up vertical groove 15 and horizontal slot 16, the left surface of horizontal segment B14 sets up vertical groove 17, when module A2 and module B3 buckled mutually, the leading flank of vertical section A11 is laminated with the trailing flank of vertical section B13 mutually, form vertical extrusion passageway and transversely extrude the passageway, the right flank of horizontal segment A12 is laminated with the left surface of horizontal segment B14 mutually, form vertical extrusion passageway. Preferably, the vertical section A and the horizontal section A are integrally formed, and the vertical section B and the horizontal section B are integrally formed.
In this embodiment, in order to realize the quick positioning assembly of two modules, the upper end of vertical section a11 and the upper end of vertical section B13 all are equipped with diameter 8 mm's first locating pin hole 18, and the front end of horizontal section a12 and the front end of horizontal section B14 all are equipped with diameter 8 mm's second locating pin hole 19, all be provided with locating pin 7 in first locating pin hole and the second locating pin hole. The positioning pin is used for ensuring the rapid alignment precision.
In this embodiment, the vertical section a11 and the vertical section B13 are fixedly connected via three pairs of first bolts 8 distributed from top to bottom, wherein two pairs of first bolts are distributed at the corners of the vertical extrusion channel and the transverse extrusion channel and are connected up and down, so as to avoid the large stress on the die at the corners in the experiment process; the horizontal segment A12 and the front end of the horizontal segment B14 are fixedly connected via a pair of second bolts 10. Preferably, the first bolt and the second bolt are both hexagon socket head cap bolts. The two modules are connected and fixed by 8 hexagon socket head cap bolts 8 and are arranged on two planes; to increase the reliability of the connection, a spacer is added between the bolt and the die.
In this embodiment, still include and be used for stretching into vertical extrusion passageway and extrude the extrusion stem 5 of sample, the one end spiro union of extrusion stem 5 has extrusion base 6, and extrusion base 6 is used for contacting with universal tester platform extrusion end. Preferably, the length of the extrusion rod is 135mm, the diameter of the extrusion rod is 10mm, and one end of the extrusion rod 5 is processed into a thread of 10 mm; the diameter of extrusion base is 60mm, and high 15mm puts 10mm degree of depth screw holes at extrusion base central point to make the extrusion pole and extrude the base and cooperate, and make things convenient for the change of extrusion pole.
In this embodiment, a cylindrical feeding seat 4 is arranged in the feeding groove, the diameter of the feeding seat is 60mm, the thickness of the feeding seat is 10mm, a vertical through hole 21 which is beneficial to extrusion and penetration is formed in the middle of the feeding seat 4, the diameter of the vertical through hole is 10mm, and the vertical through hole is matched with the extrusion rod 5 and used for increasing the stability of the extrusion rod.
In this embodiment, the longitudinal extrusion channel is in a step shape with a large diameter at the front end and a small diameter at the rear end. Preferably, the diameter change of the longitudinal extrusion channel starts at a distance of 45mm from the channel outlet. By designing the longitudinal extrusion channel into a step-shaped structure, the abrasion of a sample to a die can be reduced, and the discharging is convenient.
In the embodiment, the die steel is selected as the preparation material of the die and the extrusion rod in consideration of the fact that the die needs to bear larger extrusion force in the extrusion process. In order to make the die have high temperature resistance so as to meet the requirements of other experiments, cold and hot die steel can be selected as a raw material for processing.
In the embodiment, the total length of the die is 135mm, the total width is 90mm, and the total height is 150mm, and the die is fixedly connected by 8 bolts.
The specific embodiment is as follows: the invention is suitable for preparing rod-shaped metal ultrafine crystal materials, and the experiment is carried out by taking a pure copper sample with initial crystal grains of 80 mu m and tensile strength of 200MPa, and the specific implementation method is as follows:
(1) the mould body is assembled first, the module A, B is simply snapped, positioned quickly by the positioning pin 7, and then the gasket 9 is put in and fixed by the bolt. Assembling the extrusion rod and the extrusion base, directly screwing the extrusion rod 5 into the extrusion base 6, and preparing for extrusion;
(2) processing a sample to be extruded into a length of 90mm and a diameter of 10mm, spraying lubricating oil on the surface, putting the sample into a vertical extrusion channel of a die, and matching a feeding seat 4 with a feeding groove at the top of the die;
(3) the extrusion rod is put into the feeding seat 4, the die is integrally placed on a platform of a universal testing machine to be extruded, the extrusion speed is set to be 60mm/min, and the die and the feeding seat are prevented from being pressed by the testing machine during extrusion, so that certain extrusion safety allowance is set, single extrusion displacement is flexibly set, and initial displacement can be preliminarily set to be 80 mm. And after the experimental scheme is edited without errors, starting an equal channel angular extrusion experiment and carrying out primary extrusion. No sample is extruded at the outlet of the tail end of the die because the initial experiment channel is empty; the operation is repeated to extrude again, the extrusion displacement can be set to be 90mm, and the extrusion experiment is started after the experimental scheme is checked to be correct. In the experiment, the movement of the sample is completed through the action of the extrusion rod on the sample and the action between the sample and the sample, and finally, a certain amount of samples in 2 Bc paths can be obtained through 1 charging at the discharge port of the die. By repeatedly charging the specimens obtained at the die outlet again, specimens having 4, 6, 8 … … pass Bc path characteristics were obtained;
(4) after the experiment is finished, the extrusion rod is tightly combined with the pure copper sample to cause difficulty in separation, the die needs to be disassembled in order, the extrusion rod 5, the feeding seat 4, the positioning pin 7, the first bolt 8, the second bolt 10 and the gasket are sequentially taken down, and finally the die A, B is separated and the die is cleaned;
(5) when the extrusion rod 5 is bent carelessly, a new extrusion rod can be selected for replacement and assembly, and the extrusion base 6 is directly screwed in, so that the economy is good.
Compared with the traditional mold which can only obtain a sample of 1 pass after 1 time of charging, the mold has higher efficiency, two times of equal channel angular extrusion samples can be obtained through 1 time of charging, and the sample of the Bc path is strictly obtained through the change of the channel angle of the mold, so that the sample is subjected to shear deformation in three directions, and an ultrafine grain structure can be quickly obtained, the tensile strength of a pure copper sample can be improved from 200MPa to about 380MPa through 1 time of charging, the grain size is reduced from 80 mu m to about 1.5 mu m, and the ultrafine grain pure copper structure with the tensile strength of 450MPa and the grain size of about 500nm can be obtained through 4 times of charging.
In the embodiment, through skillful design of the internal structure of the die, 90-degree rotation of the sample relative to the previous position between adjacent passes is completed, 2-pass Bc path samples can be strictly obtained through 1-pass charging, and in order to obtain high-pass extrusion samples, the samples only need to be charged again, but the efficiency is improved by 50%. As the die adopts the Bc path, the sample structure can be sheared and deformed in three directions, and the grain refining effect is improved. Fig. 5 shows a Bc path three-dimensional deformation effect diagram of a conventional equal channel angular extrusion die, wherein the samples are subjected to shear deformation at the X, Y, Z surface, and an ultra-fine grain structure with high strength can be obtained quickly through repeated circulation.
The invention has the advantages that: through the ingenious combination of a vertical channel and two horizontal channels, finally realize that the sample has all carried out shear deformation in three directions, it is effectual to shear, and the deformation degree is big, and every time the material loading all can obtain about 2.0 true strain, can obtain the superfine crystal tissue that has high strength more fast. In addition, the die has the advantages of convenient assembly and disassembly, accurate positioning, simple structure, reasonable bolt distribution, high reliability, good stability, good economy and the like, and is widely suitable for preparing various rod-shaped superfine crystal materials
If the invention discloses or relates to parts or structures which are fixedly connected to each other, the fixedly connected parts can be understood as follows, unless otherwise stated: a detachable fixed connection (for example using bolts or screws) is also understood as: non-detachable fixed connections (e.g. riveting, welding), but of course, fixed connections to each other may also be replaced by one-piece structures (e.g. manufactured integrally using a casting process) (unless it is obviously impossible to use an integral forming process).
In addition, terms used in any technical solutions disclosed in the present invention to indicate positional relationships or shapes include approximate, similar or approximate states or shapes unless otherwise stated.
Any part provided by the invention can be assembled by a plurality of independent components or can be manufactured by an integral forming process.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a novel Bc constant diameter angle extrusion die, includes the mould body, its characterized in that: the inside of mould body is equipped with the same vertical extrusion passageway of diameter, horizontal extrusion passageway and vertical extrusion passageway, the upper end of vertical extrusion passageway is equipped with the silo, and the lower extreme of vertical extrusion passageway communicates with the one end of horizontal extrusion passageway is perpendicular, the other end of horizontal extrusion passageway communicates with the tip of vertical extrusion passageway is perpendicular.
2. The novel Bc constant-diameter angular extrusion die as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mould body includes module A and module B of relative lock, all be equipped with vertical groove, horizontal groove and the vertical groove that communicates in proper order on module A and module B's the butt joint face, form vertical extrusion passageway behind module A's vertical groove and module B's the vertical groove looks lock, form horizontal extrusion passageway behind module A's the horizontal groove looks lock with module B, form vertical extrusion passageway behind module A's the vertical groove of module A and module B's the vertical groove looks lock.
3. The novel Bc constant-diameter angular extrusion die as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the top of module A and the top of module B all are equipped with the semicircular groove that communicates with vertical groove mutually, form circular form material loading groove behind the semicircular groove of module A and the semicircular groove looks lock of module B.
4. The novel Bc constant-diameter angular extrusion die as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the module A comprises a vertical section A and a horizontal section A which are distributed in an L shape, and the horizontal section A is fixed at the lower end of the left side surface of the vertical section A; the module B is including vertical section B and the horizontal segment B that is L shape and distributes, the leading flank lower extreme at vertical section B is fixed to horizontal segment B, vertical section A's leading flank and vertical section B's trailing flank all set up vertical groove and transverse groove, horizontal segment A's right flank and horizontal segment B's left surface all set up vertical groove.
5. The novel Bc constant channel angular extrusion die of claim 4, wherein: the upper end of the vertical section A and the upper end of the vertical section B are provided with first positioning pin holes, the front end of the horizontal section A and the front end of the horizontal section B are provided with second positioning pin holes, and positioning pins are arranged in the first positioning pin holes and the second positioning pin holes.
6. The novel Bc constant channel angular extrusion die of claim 4, wherein: the vertical section A and the vertical section B are fixedly connected through a plurality of pairs of first bolts distributed from top to bottom; the front ends of the horizontal section A and the horizontal section B are fixedly connected through a pair of second bolts.
7. The novel Bc constant-diameter angular extrusion die as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises an extrusion rod which is used for extending into the vertical extrusion channel and extruding the sample, and one end of the extrusion rod is connected with an extrusion base in a threaded manner.
8. The novel Bc constant channel angular extrusion die of claim 7, wherein: the feeding device is characterized in that a feeding seat is arranged in the feeding groove, and a vertical through hole which is beneficial to extrusion and penetration is formed in the middle of the feeding seat.
9. The novel Bc constant-diameter angular extrusion die as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the longitudinal extrusion channel is in a step shape with a large front end diameter and a small rear end diameter.
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| CN114309112B (en) | 2024-03-19 |
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