CN114306513A - Production process of low-oxidation dried dendrobium - Google Patents
Production process of low-oxidation dried dendrobium Download PDFInfo
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- CN114306513A CN114306513A CN202111440932.4A CN202111440932A CN114306513A CN 114306513 A CN114306513 A CN 114306513A CN 202111440932 A CN202111440932 A CN 202111440932A CN 114306513 A CN114306513 A CN 114306513A
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- 241001523681 Dendrobium Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 164
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 240000004638 Dendrobium nobile Species 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- RYAHJFGVOCZDEI-UFFNCVEVSA-N Dendrobine Chemical compound C([C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]31C)N(C)[C@@H]3[C@H]1[C@@H](C(C)C)[C@@H]2C(=O)O1 RYAHJFGVOCZDEI-UFFNCVEVSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RYAHJFGVOCZDEI-CZKZLRAZSA-N dendrobine Natural products O=C1O[C@@H]2[C@H](C(C)C)[C@H]1[C@H]1[C@@]3(C)[C@@H]2N(C)C[C@H]3CC1 RYAHJFGVOCZDEI-CZKZLRAZSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
The invention relates to a production process of dried dendrobium officinale with low oxidation, belonging to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy. And the production process comprises the following steps: step one, taking fresh dendrobium strips, cleaning, and air-drying in the shade to obtain air-dried fresh dendrobium strips; step two, freeze-drying the air-dried fresh dendrobium strips to obtain freeze-dried fresh dendrobium strips; sublimating the freeze-dried fresh dendrobium strips, reducing frozen ice in the freeze-dried fresh dendrobium strips, facilitating subsequent cutting of dendrobium, and obtaining dendrobium strips to be cut; step four, cutting the dendrobium to be cut into sections to obtain fresh dendrobium strip sections; and step five, freeze-drying the fresh dendrobium stem sections to obtain the low-oxidation dried dendrobium stem. The method comprises the steps of freezing and sublimating the fresh dendrobium strips, cutting the fresh dendrobium strips, freezing and preserving the active ingredients in the fresh dendrobium strips by utilizing the freezing operation, sublimating the active ingredients, and cutting at the temperature of minus 3-1 ℃, so that the fresh dendrobium strips are prevented from being directly cut, and the loss and oxidation of the active ingredients are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy, and particularly relates to a production process of low-oxidation dried dendrobium.
Background
Dendrobe, also known as dendrobium nobile lindl rhyme, aleppo buergerianum, senecio cannabifolius, mangrove immortal plant, chlorophytum comosum, forest orchid, bansheng, dendrobium nobile, etc. The stem is upright, the meat is fleshy and thick, the stem is slightly flat and cylindrical, the length of the stem is 10-60 cm, and the thickness of the stem reaches 1.3 cm. The medicinal plants, sweet, light and slightly salty in nature and taste, are cold and enter stomach, kidney and lung meridians. To nourish stomach, promote the production of body fluid, nourish yin and clear heat. Can be used for treating yin deficiency and fluid deficiency, dry mouth, polydipsia, anorexia, retching, asthenic fever after disease, and dim and unclear vision. The dendrobium nobile has elegant, exquisite and lovely flowers, bright colors and aromatic smell, and is liked to be one of four ornamental foreign flowers.
In the traditional production process of the dried dendrobium decoction pieces, fresh dendrobium is generally cleaned, washed, cut and dried to obtain the dried dendrobium decoction pieces. In the process, the effective components in the fresh dendrobium are easy to lose and oxidize in the cutting and drying operations, and the medicinal or edible value of the dried dendrobium is reduced.
Therefore, the invention provides a production process of the low-oxidation dried dendrobium, which maintains the effective components in the dendrobium to the maximum extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a production process of low-oxidation dried dendrobium.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a production process of dried dendrobium suboxide comprises the following steps:
step one, taking fresh dendrobium strips, cleaning, and air-drying in the shade to obtain air-dried fresh dendrobium strips;
step two, freeze-drying the air-dried fresh dendrobium strips to obtain freeze-dried fresh dendrobium strips;
sublimating the freeze-dried fresh dendrobium strips, reducing frozen ice in the freeze-dried fresh dendrobium strips, facilitating subsequent cutting of dendrobium, and obtaining dendrobium strips to be cut;
step four, cutting the dendrobium to be cut into sections to obtain fresh dendrobium strip sections;
and step five, freeze-drying the fresh dendrobium stem sections to obtain the low-oxidation dried dendrobium stem.
Further, the specific cleaning operation in the first step is to use water with the temperature of 6-15 ℃ for rinsing, wherein the rinsing amount is 15-30mL/min, so that the surface of the fresh dendrobium strips is prevented from being damaged due to rinsing with water.
Further, in the step one, the temperature for drying in the shade is 12-18 ℃, and the drying time in the shade is 20-35 min.
Furthermore, the quick-freezing temperature in the second step is-15 to-10 ℃, and the quick-freezing time is 2 to 3 hours.
Furthermore, the sublimation temperature in the third step is-7 to-3 ℃, and the sublimation time is 2 to 3 hours.
Furthermore, in the fourth step, the cutting temperature is-3-1 ℃, and the length of the fresh dendrobium stem strip is 1.5-3 cm.
Further, the freeze-drying process in the step five is as follows: freeze-drying at-8-2 deg.C for 2-3h, freeze-drying at 0-6 deg.C for 1-2h, and drying at 10-25 deg.C for 2-4 h.
Further, in order to improve the cleaning efficiency of the fresh dendrobium strips in the first step and reduce the surface damage of the fresh dendrobium strips, the fresh dendrobium strips are put into a leaching device for leaching.
Further, the specific operation of leaching the fresh dendrobium strips by using a leaching device is as follows: open the side door of washing case, it is fixed with the bright strip anchor clamps of stem of noble dendrobium, close the side door, open the switch of first storage water tank and second storage water tank, make water dish and shower nozzle have water blowout, open the rotating electrical machines again, carry out the washing of the bright strip of stem of noble dendrobium, wherein, setting through water dish and rotation axis, drip washing the upper and lower surface of the bright strip of stem of noble dendrobium, the water dish drip washes the side surface of the bright strip of stem of noble dendrobium, realize the drip washing 360 degrees of the bright strip of stem of noble dendrobium, and through the setting of loading frame and anchor clamps, fix the bright strip of stem of noble dendrobium, prevent the collision each other of the bright strip of stem of noble dendrobium, cause the damage of the bright strip epidermis of stem of noble dendrobium.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
freezing and sublimating fresh dendrobium strips, cutting the fresh dendrobium strips, freezing and preserving effective components in the fresh dendrobium strips by using the freezing operation, avoiding loss and oxidation of the effective components, reducing water in the fresh dendrobium strips by using the sublimating operation, facilitating subsequent cutting operation, and cutting the fresh dendrobium strips at the temperature of-3-1 ℃, so that the fresh dendrobium strips are prevented from being directly cut, and the loss and oxidation of the effective components are reduced; thirdly, the fresh dendrobium stem sections are dried by using freeze-drying operation to obtain dried dendrobium stems, so that the oxidation failure of effective components caused by direct drying is avoided;
in the invention, leaching operation is utilized to replace the traditional washing operation of the fresh dendrobium strips, so that the damage to the surfaces of the fresh dendrobium strips is avoided, and in order to improve the washing efficiency and reduce the damage to the surfaces of the fresh dendrobium strips, a leaching device is adopted to wash the fresh dendrobium strips, the upper and lower surfaces of the fresh dendrobium strips are leached through the arrangement of the water disc and the rotating shaft, the water disc leaches the side surfaces of the fresh dendrobium strips, the leaching of the fresh dendrobium strips by 360 degrees is realized, and the fresh dendrobium strips are fixed through the arrangement of the loading frame and the fixture, so that the skins of the fresh dendrobium strips are prevented from being damaged due to the collision of the fresh dendrobium strips.
In conclusion, the dried dendrobium produced by the production process has complete epidermis, good appearance and high content of effective components.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a production process of a dried dendrobium suboxide of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a leaching apparatus according to the present invention.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
10. a shower box; 20. a first water storage tank; 21. a water pan; 30. a rotating electric machine; 31. a rotating shaft; 32. a connecting frame; 33. a loading frame; 40. a second water storage tank; 41. and (4) a spray head.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a flow chart of a production process of a dried dendrobium suboxide of the present invention is shown, which comprises the following steps:
step one, taking fresh dendrobium strips, cleaning, and air-drying in the shade to obtain air-dried fresh dendrobium strips;
step two, freeze-drying the air-dried fresh dendrobium strips to obtain freeze-dried fresh dendrobium strips;
sublimating the freeze-dried fresh dendrobium strips, reducing frozen ice in the freeze-dried fresh dendrobium strips, facilitating subsequent cutting of dendrobium, and obtaining dendrobium strips to be cut;
step four, cutting the dendrobium to be cut into sections to obtain fresh dendrobium strip sections;
and step five, freeze-drying the fresh dendrobium stem sections to obtain the low-oxidation dried dendrobium stem.
Referring to fig. 2, the leaching apparatus of the present invention includes a leaching tank 10, a first water storage tank 20 is fixed on the top wall of the leaching tank 10, the first water storage tank 20 is communicated with a water tray 21 through a water pipe, and a plurality of water spray holes are arranged at the bottom of the water tray 21;
the side wall of the leaching box 10 is fixedly provided with a rotating motor 30, the output end of the rotating motor 30 is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft 31, the top end of the rotating shaft 31 penetrates through one side wall of the leaching box 10 and is rotatably connected with the other side wall of the leaching box 10, the rotating shaft 31 is fixedly welded with a plurality of connecting frames 32, the top ends of the connecting frames 32 are fixedly provided with loading frames 33, the loading frames 33 are fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 31 through the two symmetrically arranged connecting frames 32, and clamps are fixedly arranged in the loading frames 33;
the two side walls of the shower box 10 are symmetrically provided with second water storage tanks 40, and the second water storage tanks 40 are communicated with a plurality of nozzles 41 through water pipes;
the spraying box 10 is provided with a side door, so that the dendrobium can be conveniently taken and put, the side door is provided with an observation window for overhauling the inside of the spraying box 10, and the spraying condition of the dendrobium fresh strips in the spraying box 10 can be conveniently checked.
The principle of the leaching device is as follows:
open the side door of washing case 10, it is fixed with the bright strip anchor clamps of stem of noble dendrobium, close the side door, open the switch of first storage water tank 20 and second storage water tank 40, make water dish 21 and shower nozzle 41 have the water blowout, reopen rotating electrical machines 30, carry out the drip washing to the bright strip of stem of noble dendrobium, wherein, setting through water dish 21 and rotation axis 31, drip washing the upper and lower surface of the bright strip of stem of noble dendrobium, water dish 21 drip washes the side surface of the bright strip of stem of noble dendrobium, realize the drip washing to the bright strip of stem of noble dendrobium 360 degrees, and through the setting of loading frame 33 and anchor clamps, fix the bright strip of stem of noble dendrobium, prevent the collision each other of the bright strip of stem of noble dendrobium, cause the damage of the bright strip epidermis of stem of noble dendrobium.
Example 1
A production process of dried dendrobium suboxide comprises the following steps:
taking fresh dendrobium strips, cleaning, and airing in the shade to obtain the aired fresh dendrobium strips, wherein the cleaning operation is to open a side door of a leaching box 10, fix the fresh dendrobium strips by using a clamp, close the side door, open switches of a first water storage tank 20 and a second water storage tank 40, open a rotating motor 30, leach the fresh dendrobium strips, and perform leaching at the leaching water temperature of 6 ℃, the leaching amount of 15mL/min, the airing temperature of 12 ℃ in the shade and the airing time of 20 min;
step two, freeze-drying the air-dried fresh dendrobium strips to obtain freeze-dried fresh dendrobium strips, wherein the quick-freezing temperature is-15 ℃, and the quick-freezing time is 2 hours;
sublimating the freeze-dried fresh dendrobium strips, reducing frozen ice in the freeze-dried fresh dendrobium strips, facilitating subsequent cutting of dendrobium to obtain dendrobium strips to be cut, wherein the sublimation temperature is-7 ℃, and the sublimation time is 2 hours;
step four, cutting the dendrobium to be cut into sections to obtain fresh dendrobium stem sections, wherein the cutting temperature is-3 ℃, and the length of the fresh dendrobium stem sections is 1.5 cm;
and step five, freeze-drying the fresh dendrobium stem sections to obtain the low-oxidation dried dendrobium stem. The freeze-drying process comprises the following steps: freeze-drying at-8 deg.C for 3 hr, freeze-drying at 0 deg.C for 2 hr, and drying at 10 deg.C for 4 hr.
Example 2
A production process of dried dendrobium suboxide comprises the following steps:
taking fresh dendrobium strips, cleaning, and airing in the shade to obtain the aired fresh dendrobium strips, wherein the cleaning operation is to open a side door of a leaching box 10, fix the fresh dendrobium strips by using a clamp, close the side door, open switches of a first water storage tank 20 and a second water storage tank 40, open a rotating motor 30, leach the fresh dendrobium strips, and perform leaching at the leaching water temperature of 10 ℃, the leaching amount of 20mL/min, the airing temperature of the shade air of 16 ℃ and the airing time of the shade air of 27 min;
step two, freeze-drying the air-dried fresh dendrobium strips to obtain freeze-dried fresh dendrobium strips, wherein the quick-freezing temperature is-12 ℃, and the quick-freezing time is 2 hours;
sublimating the freeze-dried fresh dendrobium strips, reducing frozen ice in the freeze-dried fresh dendrobium strips, facilitating subsequent cutting of dendrobium to obtain dendrobium strips to be cut, wherein the sublimation temperature is-5 ℃, and the sublimation time is 3 hours;
step four, cutting the dendrobium to be cut into sections to obtain fresh dendrobium stem sections, wherein the cutting temperature is 0 ℃, and the length of the fresh dendrobium stem sections is 1.5-3 cm;
and step five, freeze-drying the fresh dendrobium stem sections to obtain the low-oxidation dried dendrobium stem. The freeze-drying process comprises the following steps: freeze-drying at-6 deg.C for 3 hr, freeze-drying at 3 deg.C for 2 hr, and drying at 15 deg.C for 4 hr.
Example 3
A production process of dried dendrobium suboxide comprises the following steps:
taking fresh dendrobium strips, cleaning, and airing in the shade to obtain the aired fresh dendrobium strips, wherein the cleaning operation is to open a side door of a leaching box 10, fix the fresh dendrobium strips by using a clamp, close the side door, open switches of a first water storage tank 20 and a second water storage tank 40, open a rotating motor 30, leach the fresh dendrobium strips, and perform leaching at the leaching water temperature of 15 ℃, the leaching amount of 30mL/min, the airing temperature of the shade air of 18 ℃ and the airing time of the shade air of 35 min;
step two, freeze-drying the air-dried fresh dendrobium strips to obtain freeze-dried fresh dendrobium strips, wherein the quick-freezing temperature is-10 ℃, and the quick-freezing time is 3 hours;
sublimating the freeze-dried fresh dendrobium strips, reducing frozen ice in the freeze-dried fresh dendrobium strips, facilitating subsequent cutting of dendrobium to obtain dendrobium strips to be cut, wherein the sublimation temperature is-3 ℃, and the sublimation time is 3 hours;
step four, cutting the dendrobium to be cut into sections to obtain fresh dendrobium stem sections, wherein the cutting temperature is 1 ℃, and the fresh dendrobium stem sections are 3cm long;
and step five, freeze-drying the fresh dendrobium stem sections to obtain the low-oxidation dried dendrobium stem. The freeze-drying process comprises the following steps: freeze-drying at-2 deg.C for 2-3 hr, freeze-drying at 6 deg.C for 1-2 hr, and drying at 25 deg.C for 4 hr.
Comparative example 1
A production process of dried dendrobium suboxide comprises the following steps:
taking fresh dendrobium strips, cleaning, and airing in the shade to obtain air-dried fresh dendrobium strips, wherein the cleaning operation is to wash the fresh dendrobium strips by using water at the temperature of 6 ℃, the airing temperature in the shade is 12 ℃, and the airing time in the shade is 20 min;
step two, cutting the air-dried fresh dendrobium strips into sections to obtain fresh dendrobium strip sections, wherein the length of each fresh dendrobium strip section is 1.5 cm;
and step three, drying the fresh dendrobium stem strip sections at 10 ℃ for 9 hours to obtain dried dendrobium stems.
The dried dendrobe obtained in the examples 1-3 and the comparative example 1 is ground into powder, and dendrobine is extracted by the following extraction method:
(1) extraction: coarse powder is mixed according to the ratio of W/V to 1: 10, adding an acidic organic solvent into the mixture, heating and extracting for 3 times, each time for 4 hours, filtering, and removing filter residues;
(2) column passing: concentrating the extract obtained in step (1) into extract, dissolving with sulfuric acid solution with pH of 3.5, and eluting with 731 type strongly acidic cation exchange resin until no alkaloid reaction occurs;
(3) and (3) extraction: concentrating the eluate obtained in step (2) until no alcohol smell exists, adding ammonia water to adjust pH to 10, extracting with equal volume of chloroform, concentrating the extract to obtain extract, redissolving with sulfuric acid, adjusting pH to 3.5, extracting with diethyl ether, concentrating, and drying to obtain dendrobine crude extract;
(4) HPLC preparation: dissolving the crude extract of dendrobine, and separating by HPLC to obtain purified dendrobine with column filler C18ODS column with detection wavelength of 223nm and mobile phase of 80: 20 ratio of methanol and water; the column temperature was 35 ℃ and the flow rate was 1mL/min, and fractions with retention times of 2.4. + -. 0.1 min were collected.
The extraction rates of the dendrobium dry dendrobine obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 are 73.4%, 70.6%, 71.5% and 63.4% in sequence, which shows that the dendrobium dry extract obtained in examples 1-3 is more dendrobine than that obtained in comparative example 1.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the principles of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions of the specific embodiments described herein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention or exceeding the scope of the claims set forth herein.
Claims (8)
1. A production process of dried dendrobium suboxide is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, taking fresh dendrobium strips, leaching the fresh dendrobium strips by using a leaching device, and air-drying the fresh dendrobium strips in the shade to obtain air-dried fresh dendrobium strips;
step two, freeze-drying the air-dried fresh dendrobium strips to obtain freeze-dried fresh dendrobium strips;
sublimating the freeze-dried fresh dendrobium strips, reducing frozen ice in the freeze-dried fresh dendrobium strips, facilitating subsequent cutting of dendrobium, and obtaining dendrobium strips to be cut;
step four, cutting the dendrobium to be cut into sections to obtain fresh dendrobium strip sections;
and step five, freeze-drying the fresh dendrobium stem sections to obtain the low-oxidation dried dendrobium stem.
2. The production process of the dried dendrobium suboxide according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and rinsing with water of 6-15 ℃ in the cleaning in the first step, wherein the rinsing amount is 15-30 mL/min.
3. The production process of the dried dendrobium suboxide according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the first step, the temperature for drying in the shade is 12-18 ℃, and the drying time in the shade is 20-35 min.
4. The production process of the dried dendrobium suboxide according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the second step, the quick freezing temperature is-15 to-10 ℃, and the quick freezing time is 2 to 3 hours.
5. The production process of the dried dendrobium suboxide according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the sublimation temperature in the third step is-7 to-3 ℃, and the sublimation time is 2 to 3 hours.
6. The production process of the dried dendrobium suboxide according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the fourth step, the cutting temperature is-3-1 ℃, and the length of the fresh dendrobium stem strip is 1.5-3 cm.
7. The production process of the dried dendrobium suboxide according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the freeze-drying process in the step five comprises the following steps: freeze-drying at-8-2 deg.C for 2-3h, freeze-drying at 0-6 deg.C for 1-2h, and drying at 10-25 deg.C for 2-4 h.
8. The production process of the dried dendrobium suboxide according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: leaching the fresh dendrobium strips by using a leaching device in the first step, and specifically operating the steps as follows: open the side door of drenching case (10), fix the bright strip of stem of noble dendrobium with anchor clamps, close the side door, open the switch of first storage water tank (20) and second storage water tank (40), open rotating electrical machines (30) again, drip wash the bright strip of stem of noble dendrobium.
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| CN103417848A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-12-04 | 张更海 | Dendrobe freeze drying and processing method |
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| CN103417848A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-12-04 | 张更海 | Dendrobe freeze drying and processing method |
| CN104223063A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2014-12-24 | 北京林业大学 | Freeze-dried dendrobium officinale powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN105902825A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-08-31 | 滁州学院 | Processing method of dendrobium characteristic decoction pieces |
| CN106237106A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2016-12-21 | 安徽淮仁堂药业有限公司 | A kind of processing method of lyophilized dendrobium |
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