CN114305470A - Coincidence event screening device for all-digital PET - Google Patents
Coincidence event screening device for all-digital PET Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a coincidence event screening device aiming at all-digital PET (positron emission tomography), which comprises an internal size and a video memory, wherein the internal size comprises at least two first original data caches and at least two first event caches, the video memory comprises a second original data cache and a second event cache, and the first original data cache is used for writing in an original data packet sent by a detector; the second original data cache is used for copying the original data in the first original data cache and analyzing the original data to generate each event; the second event cache is used for writing in each generated event, performing coincidence screening on each event, and marking coincidence information of the events according to a coincidence screening result; and the first event cache is used for copying the event which is matched with the screening and storing the matched event according to the matched information. The invention can more accurately and directly screen the coincidence events of the all-digital PET, more reasonably, fully and efficiently utilize the computing power and greatly reduce the copying time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical treatment, and particularly relates to a coincidence event screening device for all-digital PET.
Background
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) system is an advanced molecular imaging diagnostic device in the medical field today, and is also called nuclear medicine device because it uses radionuclides as tracers. The PET system is widely applied to early tumor focus detection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy recovery effect evaluation, and system disease detection such as cardiac and cerebral nerves, and has irreplaceable advantages in some diagnostic fields.
In principle, after the FDG label containing the positron nuclide is injected into a detected human body as a tracer, the tracer diffuses into various tissues along with blood and participates in the metabolic activity of the human body, the positron nuclide releases positrons to annihilate with negative electrons in the surrounding environment, a pair of gamma photons with equal energy and opposite propagation directions are generated, and the gamma photons detected by a detection device and identified as coming from the same positron annihilation event are called as a coincidence event. In order to improve the efficiency of PET scanning, it is necessary to screen all event data sent by the detector while acquiring the event data, and finally, save the event after coincidence.
In the technical scheme disclosed by the Chinese invention patents of 'a hardware-based coincidence event determination method' (grant publication No. CN103336683B), 'a method and a device for determining random coincidence events and true coincidence events' (grant publication No. CN103559391B) and 'a coincidence event determination method and a device' (grant publication No. 103413051B), the high-speed scintillation pulse is processed by adopting a simulation or analog-digital mixing method, and the time information or the position information of the detected photons cannot be directly acquired, for example, in the technical scheme disclosed by the 'a coincidence event determination method and a device', gamma photon pairs generated by annihilation events form a coincidence line for spatial positions respectively reaching the detection device, and whether the positions of the gamma photon pairs are coincident is determined by the length of the gamma photon pairs, the coincidence determination process is complex and inaccurate.
Furthermore, when the coincidence event is completed by software, the communication link between the detection device and the computer software is under high pressure and the cost for realizing the communication link is high when the event information which needs to be uploaded to the processing software is high. In addition, the above coincidence event determination method needs to complete a huge amount of processing procedures such as spatial coincidence determination in a serial manner in a short time, the pressure of processing software is very large, the processing time is long, and the coincidence event determination efficiency is low, so that the prior art adopts hardware-based coincidence event determination. The cost required for judging by adopting hardware is high, the maintenance process of the hardware is complex, and the judgment rule can not be adjusted in real time according to the requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a coincidence screening device for all-digital PET that overcomes at least some of the disadvantages of the prior art.
The invention provides a coincidence event screening device aiming at all-digital PET (positron emission tomography), which comprises an internal memory and a video memory, wherein the internal memory comprises at least two first original data caches and at least two first event caches, the video memory comprises a second original data cache and a second event cache, and the first original data cache is used for writing in an original data packet sent by a detector; the second original data cache is used for copying the original data in the first original data cache and analyzing the original data to generate each event; the second event cache is used for writing in each generated event, performing coincidence screening on each event, and marking coincidence information of the events according to a coincidence screening result; and the first event cache is used for copying the event which is subjected to coincidence screening and storing the coincidence event according to the coincidence information.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first raw data cache employs an event loop mechanism, and data packets sent by the detector are collected by a single thread.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, after one of the first original data caches is full, the received data packet is written into the next first original data cache, and the full data in the first original data cache is copied to the video memory.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first original data cache determines a writing order of the original data according to a preset number.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first original data cache determines a writing order of the original data according to a flag bit.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the second event buffer puts the events into each preset time period according to the time of each event to perform time coincidence screening.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the range size of each of the time periods is no greater than the range size of the time window for which the time fits the screening.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, after the time coincidence screening is performed, the second event cache performs position coincidence determination according to events in a time period, and marks coincidence information of the events with the position coincidence.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the second event cache performs a location coincidence determination on an event according to an IP address of the event, where the IP address corresponds to the crystal bars of the detector one to one.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, after the second event cache performs the position coincidence determination, energy information of each event is calculated, the events are sequentially subjected to energy screening according to the energy information of the events, and events that do not meet the energy screening and events that are paired with the events that do not meet the energy screening are discarded.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first event buffer determines a writing order of data of the second event buffer according to a preset number.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first event cache determines a write order of data of the second event cache according to a flag bit.
The invention provides a coincidence event screening device aiming at all-digital PET, which is characterized in that an original data cache and an event cache space are respectively arranged in a memory and a display memory to respectively store original data and events, the memory copies the original data into the display memory after acquiring the original data, coincidence screening is carried out on the events in the display memory, and then the screened events are stored into the memory, so that the storage space of a CPU and the computing capacity of a GPU are fully and reasonably utilized, the requirement that the time data rate sent by a detector is high (generally about 1-3 Gbps) in the realization process of PET engineering and the requirement on the performance requirement of software screening coincidence events is high is met; in the whole screening process, the cache space is applied earlier, only a data copying process exists between the video memory and the memory, only the processes of the initial data writing and the final data acquisition exist the memory allocation and release processes, and the whole system is high in operation efficiency and speed.
The coincidence event screening device for the all-digital PET, provided by the invention, applies for a plurality of original data caches and a plurality of event caches in the memory, applies for a single original data cache and a single event cache in the video memory, and the original data cache of the video memory performs coincidence screening on the original data in one original data cache of the memory at a time, so that the size of the original data cache of one memory can be set according to the calculation capacity of the video memory, and the calculation capacity of the video memory is more reasonably, fully and efficiently utilized; and the copying process of the data between each original data cache and the event cache can be carried out simultaneously, so that the time consumed by each copying process is greatly reduced.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a coincidence event screening apparatus for all-digital PET according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a CUDA-based system of a coincidence event screening device for all-digital PET according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an overall flow chart of a CUDA-based coincidence event screening apparatus for all-digital PET according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In order to explain the technical means of the present invention, the following description will be given by way of specific examples.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method of a coincidence event screening apparatus for all-digital PET according to an embodiment of the present invention, an overall process of the coincidence event screening apparatus for all-digital PET according to the present invention is performed in a system based on CUDA, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the system based on CUDA, and fig. 3 is an overall flowchart based on CUDA, it can be seen from fig. 2 that the system includes a memory and a display, the memory includes at least two first raw data caches and at least two first event caches, and the display includes a second raw data cache and a second event cache.
Defining an event object, comprising: time information, energy information, and location information.
Step S1, writing the data packet sent by the acquisition detector into the original data cache of the memory, and copying the original data in the original data cache of the memory into the original data cache of the video memory.
Specifically, the method for acquiring the network data packet sent by the detector by using the event loop mechanism and the single thread comprises the following steps: writing the collected data packet into an original data cache of the memory, when the original data cache of the memory is full, writing the next received data packet into the next original data cache of the memory, and copying the original data in the full original data cache of the memory into the display memory.
In one method, the writing sequence of the data of each original data cache of the memory can be determined by setting a number for the original data cache of the memory.
And sequentially writing the acquired data packets into the original data caches of the memories according to the number sequence of the original data caches of the memories, namely writing the next received data packet into the original data cache with the number of n +1 in the memory after the original data cache with the number of n in the memory is fully written.
In another method, the writing sequence of the data of each original data cache of the memory can be determined by the original data cache flag bit in the memory.
The flag bit of the original data cache of the memory indicates that the final state of the data transmission direction in the original data cache of the memory is writing or reading, when data is written in the original data cache of the memory, the flag bit is changed into writing, and when data is read out from the original data cache of the memory, the flag bit is changed into reading.
And sequentially and randomly writing the acquired data packets into any original data cache of the memory with the read flag bits. When the flag bit of the original data cache of the memory is read, the process of the last data transmission of the original data cache of the memory is to copy the original data into the original data cache of the display memory, and at this time, the data packet sent by the acquisition detector can be written into the original data cache of which any flag bit is read.
And step S2, analyzing the original data in the original data cache of the video memory to generate each event, writing the generated event into the event cache of the video memory, performing coincidence screening on each event in the event cache of the video memory, and marking coincidence information of the event according to the coincidence screening result.
Specifically, the original data is analyzed in a single original data cache of the video memory, the energy is calculated at the same time, and the event generated by the analysis is written into the single event cache of the video memory.
In a single event cache in the video memory, event coincidence screening is carried out according to the time information, the energy information and the position information of the event, and a screening result is written in the coincidence information of each event. The coincidence information comprises whether the event is a pairing event and an index number of the pairing object event, whether the event is the pairing event represents whether the event is paired with another event to form the coincidence event, namely the coincidence event represents two paired events which are paired with each other; the index number of the counterpart event indicates the index number of the event that constitutes a coincidence event with the event.
After all events in the single event cache of the video memory are processed, the events in the single event cache of the video memory are copied to one event cache of the memory.
Specifically, the process of performing coincidence screening on each event in the event cache of the video memory includes:
step S201, setting time periods, and putting the events into the time periods according to the time of each event, wherein the range of each time period is not larger than the range of the time window which is matched with the screening.
The invention provides a screening method of coincidence events aiming at all-digital PET, wherein the all-digital PET comprises a global clock system based on a high-precision clock reference source, a clock signal is generated according to a pulse signal, and time information contained in an event object comprises a coarse time and eight fine times. The coarse time is determined by the pulse signal with the larger period, and the fine time is determined by the pulse signal with the smaller period based on the time of eight sampling points of the MVT sampling method.
Therefore, the time information of the event comprises coarse time (4 bytes) and eight fine time (2 bytes), and the storage size of the time information is greatly reduced.
Step S202, the position coincidence judgment is carried out on the events in a time period, and the coincidence information of the events with the positions is marked.
The invention provides a screening method for a coincidence event of a full-digital PET, which judges the position coincidence of the event according to the IP address of the event, wherein a detector of the full-digital PET comprises crystal strips and silicon photomultipliers which are coupled one by one, the number of each crystal strip corresponds to the position information of the crystal strip, the IP address of the detector corresponding to each crystal strip can represent the detector to acquire the position information of an event object, and the whole system can acquire the position information of a signal received by the detector more accurately and rapidly.
Because the IP of the detector represents the position of the corresponding crystal strip, the range of the effective detection area is smaller than that of the detector ring, and for a certain IP detector, the event which can be met is certainly from a detector which is separated from the detector by a certain value. In the present embodiment of the invention, the PET includes two rings for a total of 176 detectors, and the positions of two events having an IP interval greater than 20 are coincident, as calculated from the extent of the active area and the size of the detector ring.
Step S20201, judging whether the position of the ith event and the position of the i +1 event are in accordance with judgment, if not, executing step S20202; if yes, go to step S20203; i is a positive integer, and preferably, the initial value of i is 1.
After step S20202, i is i +1, the above step S20204 is executed.
When the position of the ith event is judged to be not in accordance with the position of the (i + 1) th event, the ith event with a smaller sequence number is abandoned, and the (i + 1) th event with a larger sequence number is taken as a starting point to judge the coincidence of the (i + 1) th event and the next event.
Step S20203, marking the i-th and i + 1-th events as pairing events and marking the index numbers of the pairing object events; after i is i +2, step S20204 is executed.
The index number of the paired object event may be marked only for any one of the ith and (i + 1) th events, or may be marked for the ith and (i + 1) th events at the same time. And after the ith event and the (i + 1) th event are judged to be coincident events, the (i + 2) th event is taken as a starting point, and coincidence judgment is carried out on the (i + 2) th event and the next event.
Step S20204, determining whether all the events have completed the position coincidence determination, if yes, executing step S203, and if no, executing step S20201.
If the position coincidence determination is not completed in any event, step S20201 is executed again, and the position coincidence determination is restarted with the newly obtained i.
Step S203, calculating the energy information of each event, sequentially performing energy screening on the events according to the energy information of the events, and discarding the events which are not in accordance with the energy screening and the paired events matched with the events.
And judging whether the event accords with energy screening, namely judging whether the energy information of the event is in the range of an energy window, and when judging that any one event does not accord with the energy screening, discarding the event corresponding to the index number of the event to be paired, namely when judging that the energy screening does not accord with the event, discarding two paired events which are paired with each other in pairs, and finally obtaining the coincidence event.
According to the coincidence event screening device aiming at the all-digital PET, the all-digital PET adopts the crystal strips and the silicon photomultiplier which are coupled one by one, and the IP address of the detector corresponding to each crystal strip can represent the detector to acquire the position information of the event, so that the position information corresponding to the event can be acquired more accurately and directly; the full-digital PET also adopts a global clock system based on a high-precision clock reference source, according to a clock signal generated by a pulse signal, the time information contained in an event object comprises a coarse time and eight fine times, the time precision is greatly improved, and the storage space of the time information is greatly reduced; the software is adopted to screen the PET coincidence events, the data based on the PET coincidence events is intuitive and available, the calculation process is simple, the calculation rate and the accuracy are high, the hardware maintenance cost is low, the threshold data which are subjected to coincidence screening calculation can be adjusted according to requirements or different test conditions, and feedback optimization can be performed according to the result in the specific test process.
Step S3, copying the screened event in the event cache of the video memory to an event cache of the memory, then browsing the event cache of the memory, and storing the screened event according to the matching information.
In one method, the writing sequence of the data of each event cache of the memory may be determined by setting a number to the event cache of the memory.
And the events which are matched with the screening are sequentially copied into each event cache of the memory according to the serial number sequence of the event cache of the memory, namely, after the event cache with the serial number of n in the memory is fully written, the next received events which are matched with the screening are copied into the event cache with the serial number of n +1 in the memory.
In another method, the writing order of the data of each event cache of the memory may be determined by the event cache flag bit in the memory.
The flag bit of the event cache of the memory indicates whether the process of saving the conforming event through browsing is finished or not, when the process of saving the conforming event through browsing is finished, the flag bit of the event cache of the memory is modified to be finished, and when data copy enters the event cache of the memory, the flag bit of the event cache of the memory is modified to be unfinished.
And the events which are matched with the screening are sequentially and randomly copied into any event cache of the memory with the flag bit being finished. When the flag bit of the event cache of the memory is finished, the process that the event stored in the event cache of the memory finishes browsing and storing the conforming event is indicated, and at the moment, the event which finishes conforming and screening in the event cache of the video memory can be copied to the event cache of the memory of which any flag bit is finished.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a device for screening coincidence events aiming at the all-digital PET, which comprises: a processor and a memory. The memory is adapted to store a plurality of instructions adapted to be loaded by the processor and to perform all the steps of the method for coincidence event screening for all-digital PET, as described in detail in the above method embodiments.
In one embodiment, the processor is operable to perform the following steps:
step S201, setting time periods, and putting the events into the time periods according to the time of each event, wherein the range of each time period is not larger than the range of the time window which is matched with the screening.
Step S202, the position coincidence judgment is carried out on the events in a time period, and the coincidence information of the events with the positions is marked.
Further, the matching information includes whether the matching event is a matching event and an index number of the matching object event, whether the matching event indicates whether the event is matched with another event to form a matching event, that is, the matching event indicates two matching events which are matched with each other; the index number of the counterpart event indicates the index number of the event that constitutes a coincidence event with the event.
Step S203, calculating the energy information of each event, sequentially performing energy screening on the events according to the energy information of the events, and discarding the events which are not in accordance with the energy screening and the paired events matched with the events.
In the embodiment of the invention, time periods are set, and the events are put into the time periods according to the time of the events, wherein the range of each time period is not larger than the range of the time window for time screening, so that the time screening is met between any two events of each time period. The subsequent time screening and sequencing process is not needed.
And judging whether the positions and the time of the two events are in accordance with each other to form a pairing event, judging whether the energy screening of the two events in the pairing event is in accordance with each other, and giving up the two events contained in the pairing event when judging that any one event in the pairing event is not in accordance with the energy screening, so that the steps required by the whole event pairing process are reduced, and the processing time is shortened.
The coincidence event screening device for the all-digital PET, provided by the embodiment of the invention, calculates the information of each energy after position and time coincidence screening, fully utilizes the calculation capability of each time period of the memory, reduces the time consumed by subsequent coincidence screening, and accelerates the whole coincidence screening process.
It will be further understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps in the method for implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by relevant hardware instructed by a program, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A coincidence event screening device aiming at full-digital PET comprises an internal size and a video memory, wherein the internal size comprises at least two first original data caches and at least two first event caches, the video memory comprises a second original data cache and a second event cache, and the coincidence event screening device is characterized in that,
the first original data cache is used for writing in an original data packet sent by the detector;
the second original data cache is used for copying the original data in the first original data cache and analyzing the original data to generate each event;
the second event cache is used for writing in each generated event, performing coincidence screening on each event, and marking coincidence information of the events according to a coincidence screening result;
and the first event cache is used for copying the screened event and storing the matched event according to the matched information.
2. The coincidence event screening apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first raw data cache employs an event loop mechanism, and data packets sent by the detector are collected by a single thread.
3. The coincidence event screening apparatus according to claim 2, wherein after one of the first original data buffers is full, the received data packet is written into a next first original data buffer, and the data in the first original data buffer that is full is copied into the video memory.
4. The coincidence event screening apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first original data buffer determines a writing order of the original data according to a preset number.
5. The coincidence event screening apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first original data cache determines a writing order of the original data according to a flag bit.
6. The coincidence event screening apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second event buffer puts the events into preset time periods according to the time of each event to perform time coincidence screening.
7. The coincidence event screening apparatus of claim 6, wherein the range size of each of the time periods is not greater than the range size of the time window of the time coincidence screening.
8. The coincidence event screening apparatus according to claim 6, wherein after the time coincidence screening is performed, the second event buffer performs position coincidence determination according to an event in a time period, and marks coincidence information of the event of which the position is coincident.
9. The coincidence event screening apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the second event cache performs position coincidence determination on an event according to an IP address of the event, the IP address corresponding to crystal bars of the detector one to one.
10. The coincidence event screening apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the second event buffer calculates energy information of each event after the position coincidence determination is performed, performs energy screening on the events in sequence according to the energy information of the events, and discards events that do not coincide with the energy screening and events that are paired with the events that do not coincide with the energy screening.
11. The coincidence event screening apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first event buffer determines a writing order of data of the second event buffer according to a preset number.
12. The coincidence event screening apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first event buffer determines a writing order of data of the second event buffer based on a flag bit.
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| CN103099639B (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2014-12-24 | 江苏中惠医疗科技股份有限公司 | Ring topological structure of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging system and achieving method thereof |
| CN103336683B (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2016-01-27 | 沈阳东软医疗系统有限公司 | One is hardware based meets event determination method and device |
| CN105868123B (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2018-10-09 | 武汉数字派特科技有限公司 | A kind of buffer storage and method of concurrent data |
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2017
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