CN114300922B - Method for improving working stability of fiber laser - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the working stability of a fiber laser, which comprises the following steps: step one, obtaining a gain optical fiber total pump absorption coefficient alpha 1 corresponding to a mode unstable threshold of an optical fiber laser; determining the working temperature range of the laser; and step three, selecting a first pump laser with the central wavelength smaller than L and a second pump laser with the central wavelength larger than L on two sides of the wavelength L corresponding to the absorption peak of the gain fiber, and determining the central wavelengths of the first pump laser and the second pump laser. The invention selects the pump lasers which are respectively larger than the absorption peak wavelength of the gain fiber and smaller than the absorption peak wavelength of the gain fiber, so that the total pump absorption coefficient of the gain fiber can not be greatly changed when the temperature is changed, thereby improving the working stability of the fiber laser.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lasers, in particular to a method for improving the working stability of a fiber laser.
Background
High-power fiber lasers have been developed in recent years, and have the characteristics of high gain, high conversion efficiency, low threshold, good output beam quality, narrow line width, simple structure, high reliability and the like. Plays an important role in industries such as industrial shipbuilding, airplane and automobile manufacturing, aerospace, 3D printing and the like.
Currently, a semiconductor laser with a wavelength near 915nm or 976nm is generally used as a pump source in a 1 μm-band near-infrared fiber laser, and ytterbium-doped active fiber absorbs pump light and converts the pump light into signal light through stimulated radiation to be output.
The ytterbium-doped active fiber has two absorption peaks at 915nm and 976nm, respectively, as shown in fig. 1, when the central wavelength of the pump light output by the semiconductor laser deviates 915nm or 976nm, the absorption of the fiber to the pump light is reduced, and the phenomenon is more obvious at the wavelength near 976 nm.
As the power level of fiber lasers increases, the mode instability effect (TMI) has become an important limiting factor for power increase of high power fiber lasers. The mode instability effect means that after the output signal power exceeds a certain threshold value, the output mode of the fiber laser has obvious random change related to time, mainly shows that the power component of a high-order mode is increased sharply and is accompanied by rapid oscillation, and the beam quality of the output light is seriously deteriorated.
Theoretical and experimental studies on TMI have shown that reducing the total pump absorption coefficient of a gain fiber is an effective solution to reduce the heat load in the fiber. In order to improve the TMI threshold of the fiber laser, researchers select the wavelength which is deviated from the absorption peak of the ytterbium-doped fiber to pump, and reduce the absorption of the gain fiber to the pumping light so as to obtain higher output power. For example, as reported in "Chinese laser" at 9 th of 2021, "realizing single-end pumping of 4kW single-mode fiber laser by using a novel pump source to suppress TMI", a 981nm wavelength-stabilized pump laser is used for pumping, and 4kW single-mode output is obtained.
Because the stable wavelength pump laser is expensive, in order to reduce the cost, the laser usually selects an unstable wavelength semiconductor laser as a pump source, and the central wavelength of the output light of the laser deviates along with the change of the working temperature and the working current.
When the central wavelength of the pump light is far away from the absorption peak, the total absorption coefficient of the gain fiber to the pump light is reduced, which may result in excessive pump residues, and the unabsorbed pump light is usually stripped by a Cladding Light Stripper (CLS), and finally dissipated in the form of heat. Excessive pumping residue can reduce the conversion efficiency of the laser, cause the CLS temperature to be too high, and even burn the CLS to cause the laser to burn.
When pump light center wavelength is close to the absorption peak, the gain fiber increases the total absorption coefficient of the pump light, so that the TMI threshold of the laser is reduced, and then TMI appears, the beam quality of the fiber laser is degraded sharply, the further promotion of the output power of the laser is limited, the output light spot form changes rapidly, and the use effect of the laser is influenced.
For this reason, the temperature of the cooling system is generally required to be controlled within a range of 20 to 25 ℃ in the conventional high-power fiber laser.
At present, for a fiber laser adopting single-wavelength pumping, the temperature adaptability is poor, the temperature range of stable operation is narrow, the temperature of an external refrigerator is usually required to be set in advance, the temperature of the laser during operation is kept at the same temperature approximately, and the requirement on the temperature control precision of a refrigeration system is high. However, temperature changes occur due to complicated environmental factors and various factors of the external refrigerator itself, and complicated conditions when the laser operates, resulting in instability of the laser.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for improving the working stability of a fiber laser. According to the invention, the pump lasers respectively longer than the absorption peak wavelength of the gain fiber and shorter than the absorption peak wavelength of the gain fiber are selected, so that the total pump absorption coefficient of the gain fiber is not greatly changed when the temperature is changed, and the working stability of the fiber laser is improved.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the working stability of a fiber laser comprises the following steps:
step one, obtaining a gain fiber total pump absorption coefficient alpha 1 corresponding to a mode instability threshold of a fiber laser, wherein the mode instability threshold is that the fiber laser starts to generate mode instability when the gain fiber total pump absorption coefficient is larger than alpha 1;
determining the working temperature range of the laser, wherein the lower limit of the working temperature is T1, the upper limit of the working temperature is T2, and the middle value of the working temperature is T0; meanwhile, the total pumping absorption coefficient of the gain fiber in the working temperature range is not lower than a lower limit value alpha 2;
and thirdly, selecting a first pump laser L1 with the central wavelength smaller than L and a second pump laser L2 with the central wavelength larger than L on two sides of the wavelength L corresponding to the absorption peak of the gain fiber, performing numerical calculation according to the power ratio of the first pump laser L1 to the second pump laser L2, absorption coefficient data of the gain fiber to lasers with various wavelengths and the coefficient of the central wavelength of the semiconductor pump laser changing along with the temperature, determining the central wavelengths of the first pump laser L1 and the second pump laser L2, and alternately arranging the pump lasers with the two wavelengths, so that the total pump absorption coefficient of the gain fiber is between alpha 1 and alpha 2 in the working temperature range of the fiber laser.
In the third step, the optimal values of the respective wavelengths of the first pump laser L1 and the second pump laser L2 are selected and obtained, and the optimal values are that when the fiber laser operates at the temperature of the intermediate value T0, the total pump absorption coefficient of the gain fiber reaches the maximum value α 1, and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the total pump absorption coefficient of the gain fiber is minimum within the temperature range of T1-T2.
In a further improvement, the power ratio of the first pump laser L1 to the second pump laser L2 is 1: 1.
in a further improvement, the fiber laser is in a fiber oscillator structure or MOPA structure.
Further improvement, T1 is 15 ℃, T2 is 35 ℃, alpha 1 is 0.8dB/m, alpha 2 is 0.65dB/m, the temperature coefficient of the central wavelength of the first pump laser L1 and the second pump laser L2 is 0.3 nm/DEG C, the power ratio of the two is 1:1, the absorption coefficient of the gain fiber at the absorption peak of 976nm wavelength is 1.2dB/m, the center wavelength of the pump laser L1 is 974.2nm, and the center wavelength of the pump laser L2 is 980.75 nm.
In a further improvement, the first pump laser L1 and the second pump laser L2 are installed on the water-cooling plate and dissipate heat through heat exchange, and the L1 and the L2 are alternately arranged from the water inlet to the water outlet along the water flow direction of the water-cooling plate.
In a further improvement, the gain fiber is an ytterbium-doped active fiber.
In a further improvement, the wavelength L corresponding to the absorption peak of the gain fiber is 976nm or 915 nm.
In a further improvement, the number of the first pump laser L1 and the number of the second pump laser L2 are three.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention selects the pump lasers which are respectively larger than the absorption peak wavelength of the gain fiber and smaller than the absorption peak wavelength of the gain fiber, so that the total pump absorption coefficient of the gain fiber can not be greatly changed when the temperature is changed, thereby improving the working stability of the fiber laser.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
FIG. 1 is a graph of absorption coefficient of ytterbium-doped active fiber pump as a function of wavelength;
FIG. 2 is a graph of total absorption coefficient as a function of temperature for single and dual wavelength pumping;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fiber laser configuration for a fiber oscillator configuration;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a MOPA-structured fiber laser;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the total absorption coefficient as a function of temperature for a single-sided multi-wavelength pump;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the variation of the total absorption coefficient with temperature for equidistant multi-wavelength pumping and dual-wavelength pumping;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of first pump lasers and second pump lasers alternately arranged along a water-cooling plate.
Wherein, in the figure: the optical fiber laser comprises a cladding light stripper 102, a low-reflection fiber grating 103, a forward fiber pumping signal combiner 104, a double-cladding ytterbium-doped active fiber 105, a backward fiber pumping signal combiner 106, a high-reflection fiber grating 107, an output end cladding light stripper 108, a fiber end cap 109, a laser output end 110, a first forward pumping laser 111, a second forward pumping laser 112, a first backward pumping laser 113, a second backward pumping laser 114 and a seed laser light source 115.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
A method for improving the working stability of a fiber laser adopts a first pump laser and a second pump laser as pump laser sources of the fiber laser, the wavelengths of the first pump laser and the second pump laser are calculated by a wavelength selection method, and the wavelength selection method comprises the following steps:
step one, determining an upper limit value alpha 1, such as 0.8dB/m, of a corresponding total pump absorption coefficient of a gain fiber according to a mode instability threshold of a laser; determining a laser operating temperature range, wherein the operating temperature has a lower limit of T1, e.g., 15 ℃, an upper limit of T2, e.g., 35 ℃, and an intermediate value of T0, e.g., 25 ℃; the total pumping absorption coefficient of the gain fiber in the working temperature range is not lower than a lower limit value alpha 2, such as 0.65 dB/m;
step two, setting the wavelength L corresponding to the absorption peak of the gain fiber, such as 915nm or 976nm, and finding the absorption coefficient of the gain fiber at the temperature T0 near the absorption peak as
Wavelength L10Establishing a wavelength from L10Sequence of arithmetic numbers A { L1 to L0、L11、L12…, L }, the tolerance of the arithmetic progression A is d, numberThe number of column elements is n, n is more than or equal to 1, and the value of d can be adjusted according to the calculation precision requirement.
Step three, pairing each element in the equal difference array A to obtain an array B { L2 }0、L21、L22、…、 L2 n0,1, … …, n, each wavelength in the array B and each wavelength in the array a are respectively located at two sides of L; the pairing method comprises the following steps: setting the wavelength to L1i、L2iThe power ratio of the pump light is P1: p2, e.g. 1:1, wavelength L2 is selected when the temperature is T0iSuch that the gain fiber is aligned to wavelength L2iAnd a wavelength L1iHas a total pump absorption coefficient of alpha 1.
Step four, when the temperature is TjWhen T1 is less than or equal to TjT2 ≦ j ≦ 0,1, … …, m, and the gain fiber pair wavelength L1 at different temperatures is calculated considering the change of the pump laser center wavelength with temperature, e.g. the temperature coefficient of the pump laser center wavelength is 0.3 nm/deg.CkAnd wavelength L2kTotal pump absorption coefficient alphajIf the temperature is within the temperature range of T1-T2, all the alpha 1 is less than or equal to alphajα 2, j 0,1, … …, m, k 0,1, … …, k n, the wavelength L1 will be chosenkAs the center wavelength of the first pump laser, L2kAs the center wavelength of the second pump laser.
In particular, each pair of wavelengths (L1)k、L2k) Corresponding to the total pump absorption coefficient array α j (j is 0,1, … …, m), the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the array is δkAn array { delta } can be obtainedkH (k is 0,1, … …, k ≦ n), the wavelength combination corresponding to the minimum value in the array (L1)k、L2k) For the optimum wavelength combination, for example, when L ═ 976nm, the optimum wavelength combination is (974.2nm, 980.75 nm).
In fig. 2, the total absorption coefficient changes with temperature when 974.2nm single-wavelength pumping and 980.75nm single-wavelength pumping are compared with that when dual-wavelength pumping is compared, and it can be seen from the figure that in the dual-wavelength pumping scheme provided by the invention, the total pumping absorption coefficient of the ytterbium-doped active optical fiber is more stable when the temperature changes, and the situation that the total absorption coefficient exceeds a target value, so that the mode of the laser is unstable, the quality of a light beam is degraded, and the upper limit of power is reduced is avoided.
The fiber laser is a fiber oscillator structure as shown in fig. 3 or a MOPA structure as shown in fig. 4. In the figures, there are both forward and backward pump lasers, but in practice, only a forward or backward pump laser may be chosen.
Comparative example 1:
selecting 6 semiconductor lasers, wherein the wavelengths are all on one side of 976nm, the interval is 1nm, the central wavelengths are 971nm, 972nm, 973nm, 974nm, 975nm and 976nm respectively at 25 ℃, the temperature is changed within the range of 15-35 ℃, the temperature coefficient of the wavelengths is 0.3 nm/DEG C, the absorption coefficient of the gain optical fiber to pump light with the wavelength of 976nm is 1.2dB/m, and the change of the total pump absorption coefficient along with the temperature is obtained through numerical calculation, as shown in figure 5.
It can be seen that when the temperature is 25 ℃, the total absorption coefficient is about 0.8dB/m, but when the temperature is increased, the LD wavelength of each 971-975 nm in the scheme shifts to the absorption peak, and only the LD wavelength of 976nm is far away from the absorption peak, so that the total absorption coefficient is continuously increased, and the effect of limiting the total absorption coefficient is not achieved.
Comparative example 2:
the method comprises the steps of selecting 6 semiconductor lasers, enabling the wavelengths to be on two sides of 976nm, enabling the interval to be 2nm, enabling the central wavelengths to be 971nm, 973nm, 975nm, 977nm, 979nm and 981nm respectively at 25 ℃, enabling the temperature to change within the range of 15-35 ℃, enabling the temperature coefficient of the wavelengths to be 0.3 nm/DEG C, enabling the absorption coefficient of a gain optical fiber to pump light with the wavelength of 976nm to be 1.2dB/m, and obtaining the change of the total pump absorption coefficient along with the temperature through numerical calculation, wherein the wavelength is on two sides of 976nm, and the interval is 2nm, and the central wavelength is on the 25 ℃ side.
Compared with the preferred dual-wavelength pumping scheme, the scheme is more complex, the variation of the gain total absorption coefficient along with the temperature can be reduced, the fluctuation is larger, the variation range of the total absorption coefficient is not designed, and the total absorption coefficient exceeds 0.8dB/m when the temperature is 23-31 ℃.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving the working stability of a fiber laser is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, obtaining a gain fiber total pump absorption coefficient alpha 1 corresponding to a mode instability threshold of the fiber laser, wherein the mode instability threshold is that when the gain fiber total pump absorption coefficient is larger than alpha 1, the fiber laser starts to generate mode instability;
step two, determining the working temperature range of the laser, wherein the lower limit of the working temperature is T1, the upper limit of the working temperature is T2, and the middle value of the working temperature is T0; meanwhile, the total pumping absorption coefficient of the gain fiber in the working temperature range is not lower than a lower limit value alpha 2;
and thirdly, selecting a first pump laser (L1) with the central wavelength smaller than L and a second pump laser (L2) with the central wavelength larger than L on two sides of the wavelength L corresponding to the absorption peak of the gain fiber, performing numerical calculation according to the power ratio of the first pump laser (L1) to the second pump laser (L2), absorption coefficient data of the gain fiber on lasers with various wavelengths and the coefficient of the central wavelength of the semiconductor pump laser changing along with temperature, determining the central wavelengths of the first pump laser (L1) and the second pump laser (L2), enabling the total pump absorption coefficient of the gain fiber to be between alpha 1 and alpha 2 within the working temperature range of the fiber laser, and alternately arranging the pump lasers with two wavelengths.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the third step, the optimal values of the respective wavelengths of the first pump laser (L1) and the second pump laser (L2) are selected, and when the fiber laser is operated at the temperature of the intermediate value T0, the total pump absorption coefficient of the gain fiber reaches the maximum value α 1, and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the total pump absorption coefficient of the gain fiber is minimized in the temperature range of T1-T2.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the power ratio of the first pump laser (L1) and the second pump laser (L2) is 1: 1.
4. the method of improving the operational stability of a fiber laser of claim 1, wherein the fiber laser is a fiber oscillator structure or a master oscillator power amplification structure.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein T1 is 15 ℃, T2 is 35 ℃, α 1 is 0.8dB/m, α 2 is 0.65dB/m, the temperature dependent coefficient of the central wavelength of the first pump laser (L1) and the second pump laser (L2) is 0.3 nm/DEG C, and the power ratio of the two is 1:1, the absorption coefficient of the gain fiber is 1.2dB/m when the absorption peak of the gain fiber is 976nm, the central wavelength of the first pump laser (L1) is 974.2nm, and the central wavelength of the second pump laser (L2) is 980.75 nm.
6. The method for improving the operational stability of the fiber laser according to claim 1, wherein the first pump laser (L1) and the second pump laser (L2) are installed on a water-cooled plate, and heat is dissipated through heat exchange, and the first pump laser (L1) and the second pump laser (L2) are alternately arranged from a water inlet to a water outlet along a water flow direction of the water-cooled plate.
7. The method of improving the operational stability of a fiber laser of claim 1, wherein the gain fiber is an ytterbium-doped active fiber.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the gain fiber absorption peak corresponds to a wavelength L of 976nm or 915 nm.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first pump laser (L1) and the second pump laser (L2) are three each.
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