CN114300715A - Fuel cell system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114300715A CN114300715A CN202111666290.XA CN202111666290A CN114300715A CN 114300715 A CN114300715 A CN 114300715A CN 202111666290 A CN202111666290 A CN 202111666290A CN 114300715 A CN114300715 A CN 114300715A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell system and a control method thereof, wherein the fuel cell system comprises: the galvanic pile comprises a cathode cavity and an anode cavity; the air system comprises a first air inlet channel and a first exhaust channel, the first air inlet channel is communicated with an air inlet of the cathode cavity, the first exhaust channel is communicated with an air outlet of the cathode cavity, and the air system comprises a first valve arranged at the air inlet of the cathode cavity, a second valve arranged at the air outlet of the cathode cavity and a tail exhaust valve arranged at the downstream of the second valve; a hydrogen system includes a second intake passage and a second exhaust passage. The technical scheme of the application can effectively solve the problems that the service life of the fuel cell is influenced due to unreasonable structure of the fuel cell system and unreasonable shutdown control process in the related art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell system and a control method thereof.
Background
In the related art, the fuel cell system is usually designed without considering the change of the gas composition inside the cathode cavity and the anode cavity of the fuel cell during the long-time shutdown, and no mechanical device or control is performed on the cathode cavity, so that the air in the environment can continuously enter the cathode cavity during the long-time shutdown, thereby consuming the hydrogen originally in the anode cavity. And after the air concentration gradient in the cathode is higher than that of the anode along with the change of time, hydrogen in the anode cavity can permeate into the cathode cavity, so that hydrogen is deficient in the anode cavity in the next starting process. Therefore, side reaction is generated on the catalyst layer to corrode the catalyst layer, which causes irreversible performance degradation of the overall performance of the fuel cell and influences the service life of the fuel cell.
At present, a valve is arranged at an air inlet of a cathode cavity of some fuel cells, the valve is directly locked when the fuel cell is shut down, excessive anode hydrogen is utilized to react air in the cathode cavity, so that a large negative pressure is formed in the cathode cavity, in the long-time shutdown process, because of pressure difference with the external atmospheric pressure, air in the external environment can easily permeate into the cathode cavity, oxidation reduction reaction is continuously performed with hydrogen originally in the anode cavity, so that the hydrogen content in the anode cavity is reduced, and the air concentration gradient in the cathode cavity is higher than that of the anode cavity once again, so that the process is formed, and the service life of the fuel cell is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a fuel cell system and a control method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the related art that the service life of a fuel cell is affected due to an unreasonable structure of the fuel cell system and an unreasonable shutdown control process.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell system including: the galvanic pile comprises a cathode cavity and an anode cavity; the air system comprises a first air inlet channel and a first exhaust channel, the first air inlet channel is communicated with an air inlet of the cathode cavity, the first exhaust channel is communicated with an air outlet of the cathode cavity, and the air system comprises a first valve arranged at the air inlet of the cathode cavity, a second valve arranged at the air outlet of the cathode cavity and a tail exhaust valve arranged at the downstream of the second valve; the hydrogen system comprises a second air inlet channel and a second exhaust channel, the second air inlet channel is communicated with an air inlet of the anode cavity, the second exhaust channel is communicated with an air outlet of the anode cavity, the hydrogen system comprises a third valve arranged at the air inlet of the anode cavity and a fourth valve arranged at the air outlet of the anode cavity, and one end, far away from the air outlet of the anode cavity, of the second exhaust channel is communicated with one end, far away from the second valve, of the tail exhaust valve.
By applying the technical scheme of the invention, the fuel cell system comprises: a galvanic pile, an air system and a hydrogen system. The air system can let in air in the negative pole cavity of pile, and the hydrogen system can let in hydrogen in the positive pole cavity of pile, and hydrogen can be decomposed into electron and hydrogen proton by the catalyst in the positive pole cavity, and hydrogen proton passes through proton exchange membrane and arrives in the negative pole cavity and becomes water with the oxygen in the air anti-strain, and the electron produces the electric energy from the positive pole flow to the negative pole of pile. The air system includes a first valve disposed at an air inlet of the cathode cavity and a second valve disposed at an air outlet of the cathode cavity. When the shutdown control of the fuel cell system is performed, the first valve and the second valve can be locked respectively, so that after the shutdown of the fuel cell system, outside air cannot enter the cathode cavity, and components in an electric pile of the fuel cell system cannot change compared with the components in the shutdown. Therefore, the phenomenon that air enters the cathode cavity to react with part of hydrogen in the anode cavity in the long-time shutdown process can be avoided, hydrogen in the anode cavity is deficient, and a catalyst is corroded in the next startup process, so that the service life of the fuel cell is influenced. Therefore, the technical scheme of the application can effectively solve the problems that the service life of the fuel cell is influenced due to the unreasonable structure of the fuel cell system and the unreasonable shutdown control process in the related art.
Further, the air system further comprises a communicating channel communicated with the first air inlet channel and the first exhaust channel, the first end of the communicating channel is communicated with one end, away from the air inlet of the cathode cavity, of the first valve, the second end of the communicating channel is communicated between the second valve and the tail exhaust valve, and a fifth valve is arranged on the communicating channel.
Further, the air system also comprises an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler and a humidifier which are sequentially arranged on the first air inlet channel, and the first end of the communication channel is communicated between the humidifier and the first valve.
Further, the air system further comprises a first pressure sensor disposed between the air inlet of the cathode cavity and the first valve;
the air system further includes a second pressure sensor disposed between the outlet of the cathode cavity and the second valve.
Further, the hydrogen system also includes a third pressure sensor disposed between the inlet of the anode cavity and the third valve.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a control method of a fuel cell system, the control method controlling a shutdown process of the fuel cell system, the control method including: stopping the supply of air into the cathode cavity; filling hydrogen into the anode cavity to consume oxygen in the cathode cavity; monitoring a pressure P1 at the inlet of the cathode cavity, a pressure P2 at the outlet of the cathode cavity, and a voltage U of the stack, and performing a valve closing step when the pressure P1 at the inlet of the cathode cavity and the pressure P2 at the outlet of the cathode cavity are between 0.95 atmosphere and 1.05 atmosphere, and the voltage U is between 0V and 0.1V, the valve closing step including closing a second valve located at the outlet of the cathode cavity, a third valve located at the inlet of the anode cavity, a fourth valve located at the outlet of the anode cavity, and a fifth valve connected between an inlet end of the first valve and an outlet end of the second valve, wherein the first valve is located at the inlet of the cathode cavity.
By applying the technical scheme of the invention, the steps are sequentially executed after the instruction of closing the fuel cell system is received. Firstly, stopping supplying air into the cathode cavity (namely stopping filling oxygen into the cathode cavity); and then continuously filling hydrogen into the anode cavity, so that the filled hydrogen can react with the residual oxygen in the cathode cavity. When the voltage U of the galvanic pile is detected to be between 0V and 0.1V, indicating that the oxygen in the cathode cavity is basically reacted; when the pressure P1 at the inlet of the cathode cavity and the pressure P2 at the outlet of the cathode cavity are between 0.95 atmosphere and 1.05 atmosphere, it indicates that the pressure inside the cathode cavity is similar to the pressure of the gas outside the stack. When the two conditions are met, the second valve, the third valve, the fourth valve and the fifth valve are closed, the pressure inside the cathode cavity can be kept at a degree similar to the atmospheric pressure, and almost no pressure difference exists between the pressure and the outside, so that gas exchange between the cathode cavity and the anode cavity can be carried out only in the galvanic pile in the long-time shutdown process, the outside air cannot permeate into the galvanic pile, the composition in the galvanic pile is ensured not to change, and meanwhile, the oxygen in the anode cavity and the catalyst inside the anode cavity can not generate side reaction when the galvanic pile is started next time. Therefore, the technical scheme of the application can effectively solve the problems that the service life of the fuel cell is influenced due to the unreasonable structure of the fuel cell system and the unreasonable shutdown control process in the related art.
Further, after the step of closing the valves is performed, monitoring a pressure P1 at an air inlet of the cathode cavity and a pressure P2 at an air outlet of the cathode cavity, and when the pressure P1 at the air inlet of the cathode cavity and the pressure P2 at the air outlet of the cathode cavity are less than 0.95 atmosphere, opening the second valve and the third valve and filling hydrogen into the anode cavity to consume oxygen in the cathode cavity.
Further, the step of stopping the supply of air into the cathode cavity comprises: the first valve is closed.
Further, the step of filling the anode cavity with hydrogen to consume oxygen in the cathode cavity comprises: keeping the third valve in an opening state to continuously charge hydrogen into the anode cavity; intermittently opening the fourth valve to discharge the nitrogen in the anode cavity; the second valve is kept in an open state so that the fifth valve is intermittently opened to dilute the hydrogen gas discharged from the second exhaust passage.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein the program executes the control method described above.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a processor for running a program is provided, wherein the program is run to execute the control method described above.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a flowchart of an embodiment of a control method of a fuel cell system according to the invention; and
fig. 3 shows a control flow diagram of the control method of fig. 2.
Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
10. a galvanic pile; 20. an air system; 21. a first air intake passage; 211. a first valve; 212. an air cleaner; 213. an air compressor; 214. an intercooler; 215. a humidifier; 216. a first pressure sensor; 22. a first exhaust passage; 221. a second valve; 222. a tail discharge valve; 223. a second pressure sensor; 23. a communication channel; 231. a fifth valve; 30. a hydrogen system; 31. a second intake passage; 311. a third valve; 312. a third pressure sensor; 32. a second exhaust passage; 321. and a fourth valve.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell system of the present embodiment includes: a stack 10, an air system 20, and a hydrogen system 30. Wherein, the electric pile 10 comprises a cathode cavity and an anode cavity; the air system 20 comprises a first air inlet channel 21 and a first air outlet channel 22, the first air inlet channel 21 is communicated with the air inlet of the cathode cavity, the first air outlet channel 22 is communicated with the air outlet of the cathode cavity, the air system 20 comprises a first valve 211 arranged at the air inlet of the cathode cavity, a second valve 221 arranged at the air outlet of the cathode cavity and a tail exhaust valve 222 arranged at the downstream of the second valve 221; the hydrogen system 30 includes a second air inlet channel 31 and a second exhaust channel 32, the second air inlet channel 31 is communicated with the air inlet of the anode cavity, the second exhaust channel 32 is communicated with the air outlet of the anode cavity, the hydrogen system 30 includes a third valve 311 disposed at the air inlet of the anode cavity and a fourth valve 321 disposed at the air outlet of the anode cavity, and one end of the second exhaust channel 32, which is far away from the air outlet of the anode cavity, is communicated with one end of the tail exhaust valve 222, which is far away from the second valve 221.
By applying the technical solution of the present embodiment, the fuel cell system includes: a stack 10, an air system 20, and a hydrogen system 30. The air system 20 can introduce air into a cathode cavity of the electric pile 10, the hydrogen system 30 can introduce hydrogen into an anode cavity of the electric pile 10, the hydrogen can be decomposed into electrons and hydrogen protons by a catalyst in the anode cavity, the hydrogen protons reach the inside of the cathode cavity through the proton exchange membrane and are reversely converted into water with oxygen in the air, and the electrons flow from the anode to the cathode of the electric pile 10 to generate electric energy. The air system 20 comprises a first valve 211 arranged at the inlet of the cathode chamber and a second valve 221 arranged at the outlet of the cathode chamber. When the shutdown control of the fuel cell system is performed, the first valve 211 and the second valve 221 may be locked, so that after the shutdown of the fuel cell system, external air cannot enter the inside of the cathode cavity, and components in the stack of the fuel cell system are not changed compared to those in the shutdown. Therefore, the phenomenon that air enters the cathode cavity to react with part of hydrogen in the anode cavity in the long-time shutdown process can be avoided, hydrogen in the anode cavity is deficient, and a catalyst is corroded in the next startup process, so that the service life of the fuel cell is influenced. Therefore, the technical solution of the embodiment can effectively solve the problems that the service life of the fuel cell is affected due to the unreasonable structure of the fuel cell system and the unreasonable shutdown control process in the related art.
In the power generation process of the fuel cell system, nitrogen in the air can permeate into the anode cavity, a fourth valve is arranged at an air outlet of the anode cavity, and the nitrogen permeating into the anode cavity can be periodically discharged by intermittently opening the fourth valve. In the process of discharging nitrogen, hydrogen is also discharged, and one end of the second exhaust channel 32, which is far away from the gas outlet of the anode cavity, is communicated with one end of the tail exhaust valve 222, which is far away from the second valve 221, so that the hydrogen discharged through the second exhaust channel 32 can be diluted by the gas discharged from the first exhaust channel 22, and explosion caused by too high hydrogen concentration in the discharged gas is avoided.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the air system 20 further includes a communication channel 23 for communicating the first air inlet channel 21 and the first air outlet channel 22, a first end of the communication channel 23 is communicated with an end of the first valve 211 far away from the air inlet of the cathode chamber, a second end of the communication channel 23 is communicated between the second valve 221 and the tail valve 222, and the communication channel 23 is provided with a fifth valve 231. During shutdown, the amount of gas exhausted through the second valve 221 after stopping introducing air into the cathode cavity is reduced, so that the hydrogen exhausted through the second exhaust passage 32 cannot be effectively diluted, at this time, the fifth valve 231 can be opened to charge air into the communication passage 23 and exhaust the air from the tail valve 222, so that the hydrogen exhausted through the second exhaust passage 32 can be effectively diluted, and explosion is avoided.
In the present embodiment, the air system 20 further includes an air cleaner 212, an air compressor 213, an intercooler 214, and a humidifier 215, which are sequentially disposed on the first intake passage 21, and a first end of the communication passage 23 is communicated between the humidifier 215 and the first valve 211. The device can filter, compress, cool and humidify air, so that the air filled into the cathode cavity meets the reaction requirement. Meanwhile, the first end of the communication channel 23 is communicated between the humidifier 215 and the first valve 211, so that after the first valve 211 is closed in the shutdown process, air can be filled into the first exhaust channel 22 through the communication channel 23 and the hydrogen discharged from the second exhaust channel 32 is diluted, thereby preventing explosion.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the air system 20 further comprises a first pressure sensor 216 disposed between the inlet of the cathode chamber and the first valve 211; the air system 20 further comprises a second pressure sensor 223 arranged between the outlet of the cathode chamber and the second valve 221. The first pressure sensor 216 and the second pressure sensor 223 can detect the pressure at the air inlet and the air outlet of the cathode cavity respectively, so that the pressure inside the cathode cavity can be judged, and the shutdown process of the fuel cell system can be controlled conveniently.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the hydrogen system 30 further includes a third pressure sensor 312 disposed between the inlet of the anode cavity and the third valve 311. The third pressure sensor 312 can detect the gas pressure at the gas inlet of the anode cavity, thereby facilitating the control of the amount and pressure of hydrogen gas charged during the power generation process and the shutdown process of the fuel cell.
In this embodiment, in the power generation and shutdown processes of the fuel cell system, the amount and pressure of hydrogen gas charged into the anode cavity are controlled by the third pressure sensor 312, so that the gas pressure in the anode cavity is slightly higher than the gas pressure in the cathode cavity, sufficient hydrogen gas is ensured to react with oxygen in the cathode cavity, the normal operation of the reaction is ensured, and meanwhile, the proton exchange membrane is prevented from being damaged due to too large pressure difference between the cathode cavity and the anode cavity.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the present application further provides a control method of a fuel cell system, the control method controls a shutdown process of the fuel cell system, and the control method includes: step S10: stopping the supply of air into the cathode cavity; step S20: filling hydrogen into the anode cavity to consume oxygen in the cathode cavity; step S30: monitoring a pressure P1 at the inlet of the cathode cavity, a pressure P2 at the outlet of the cathode cavity, and a voltage U of the stack 10, performing a closing valve step when the pressure P1 at the inlet of the cathode cavity and the pressure P2 at the outlet of the cathode cavity are between 0.95 atm and 1.05 atm, and the voltage U is between 0V and 0.1V, the closing valve step including closing a second valve 221 located at the outlet of the cathode cavity, a third valve 311 located at the inlet of the anode cavity, a fourth valve 321 located at the outlet of the anode cavity, and a fifth valve 231 connected between an inlet end of the first valve 211 and an outlet end of the second valve 221, wherein the first valve 211 is located at the inlet of the cathode cavity.
With the technical solution of the present embodiment, after receiving the instruction to shut down the fuel cell system, step S10 to step S30 are sequentially executed. Firstly, stopping supplying air into the cathode cavity (namely stopping filling oxygen into the cathode cavity); and then continuously filling hydrogen into the anode cavity, so that the filled hydrogen can react with the residual oxygen in the cathode cavity. In the process, the DC-DC continuously pulls load, and consumes the electric energy generated by the galvanic pile. When the voltage U of the galvanic pile 10 is detected to be between 0V and 0.1V, the oxygen in the cathode cavity is basically reacted; a pressure P1 at the inlet of the cathode cavity and a pressure P2 at the outlet of the cathode cavity between 0.95 atmospheres and 1.05 atmospheres indicates that the pressure inside the cathode cavity is similar to the pressure of the gas outside the stack 10. When the two conditions are met, the second valve 221, the third valve 311, the fourth valve 321 and the fifth valve 231 are closed, so that the pressure inside the cathode cavity can be kept at a level similar to atmospheric pressure, and almost no pressure difference exists between the pressure and the outside, so that only gas exchange between the cathode cavity and the anode cavity can be performed in the galvanic pile 10 in the long-time shutdown process, the outside air cannot permeate into the galvanic pile 10, the composition in the galvanic pile 10 cannot be changed, and meanwhile, the oxygen in the anode cavity and the catalyst inside the anode cavity cannot generate side reaction when the galvanic pile is started next time. Therefore, the technical solution of the embodiment can effectively solve the problems that the service life of the fuel cell is affected due to the unreasonable structure of the fuel cell system and the unreasonable shutdown control process in the related art.
In this embodiment, after the step of closing the valves is performed, the pressure P1 at the inlet of the cathode chamber and the pressure P2 at the outlet of the cathode chamber are monitored, and when the pressure P1 at the inlet of the cathode chamber and the pressure P2 at the outlet of the cathode chamber are less than 0.95 atm, the second valve 221 and the third valve 311 are opened and hydrogen is charged into the anode chamber to consume oxygen in the cathode chamber. Due to the accuracy problem of the voltage detection device, even if the voltage U of the galvanic pile 10 is detected to be between 0V and 0.1V, it cannot be said that the oxygen in the cathode cavity is completely reacted, and a small amount of oxygen may be remained. Therefore, after the step of closing the valve, a negative pressure is generated in the cathode chamber (i.e. the gas pressure inside the cathode chamber is less than the atmospheric pressure) after the reaction of the residual small part of oxygen and hydrogen, and at this time, the second valve 221 and the third valve 311 are opened again and hydrogen is filled into the anode chamber to consume the oxygen in the cathode chamber. When the gas pressure in the cathode cavity is equal to the atmospheric pressure again (between 0.95 and 1.05 atmospheric pressures), the step of closing the valve is executed again, so that oxygen in the cathode cavity can be reacted as far as possible, and the inside of the cathode cavity and the outside have almost no pressure difference, thereby ensuring that the components in the electric pile 10 cannot change, and simultaneously ensuring that the oxygen cannot permeate into the anode cavity to react with the catalyst to influence the service life of the fuel cell system when the fuel cell system is started next time.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the step of stopping the supply of air into the cathode cavity includes: the first valve 211 is closed.
In this embodiment, the step of filling the anode cavity with hydrogen to consume oxygen in the cathode cavity includes: so that the third valve 311 is kept open to continuously charge hydrogen into the anode cavity; the fourth valve 321 is intermittently opened to discharge the nitrogen inside the anode chamber; the second valve 221 is kept in an open state, so that the fifth valve 231 is intermittently opened to dilute the hydrogen gas discharged from the second exhaust passage 32. Therefore, residual oxygen in the cathode cavity can be fully reacted, nitrogen permeating into the anode cavity is discharged, and normal operation of the shutdown process is guaranteed.
By applying the fuel cell system and the control method thereof, the problem of hydrogen shortage of the fuel cell at the starting-up stage can be effectively solved, so that the service life of the fuel cell is longer.
The present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium including a stored program, wherein the program performs the control method described above.
The application also provides a processor, which is used for running the program, wherein the program executes the control method when running.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the orientation words such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc. are usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and in the case of not making a reverse description, these orientation words do not indicate and imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore, should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention; the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A fuel cell system, characterized by comprising:
a stack (10) comprising a cathode cavity and an anode cavity;
the air system (20) comprises a first air inlet channel (21) and a first air outlet channel (22), the first air inlet channel (21) is communicated with an air inlet of the cathode cavity, the first air outlet channel (22) is communicated with an air outlet of the cathode cavity, and the air system (20) comprises a first valve (211) arranged at the air inlet of the cathode cavity, a second valve (221) arranged at the air outlet of the cathode cavity and a tail exhaust valve (222) arranged at the downstream of the second valve (221);
hydrogen system (30), including second inlet channel (31) and second exhaust passage (32), second inlet channel (31) with the air inlet intercommunication of positive pole cavity, second exhaust passage (32) with the gas outlet intercommunication of positive pole cavity, hydrogen system (30) including set up in third valve (311) of air inlet department of positive pole cavity and set up in fourth valve (321) of gas outlet department of positive pole cavity, keeping away from of second exhaust passage (32) the one end of the gas outlet of positive pole cavity with tail valve (222) is kept away from the one end intercommunication of second valve (221).
2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the air system (20) further comprises a communication channel (23) communicating the first air inlet channel (21) and the first air outlet channel (22), a first end of the communication channel (23) is communicated with an end of the first valve (211) far away from the air inlet of the cathode cavity, a second end of the communication channel (23) is communicated between the second valve (221) and the tail valve (222), and a fifth valve (231) is arranged on the communication channel (23).
3. The fuel cell system according to claim 2,
the air system (20) further comprises an air filter (212), an air compressor (213), an intercooler (214) and a humidifier (215) which are sequentially arranged on the first air inlet channel (21), and a first end of the communication channel (23) is communicated between the humidifier (215) and the first valve (211).
4. The fuel cell system according to claim 2,
the air system (20) further comprises a first pressure sensor (216) arranged between the air inlet of the cathode cavity and the first valve (211);
the air system (20) further comprises a second pressure sensor (223) arranged between the outlet of the cathode chamber and the second valve (221).
5. The fuel cell system according to claim 2,
the hydrogen system (30) further comprises a third pressure sensor (312) arranged between the inlet of the anode cavity and the third valve (311).
6. A control method of a fuel cell system, characterized by controlling a shutdown process of the fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the control method comprising:
stopping the supply of air into the cathode cavity;
filling hydrogen into the anode cavity to consume oxygen in the cathode cavity;
monitoring a pressure P1 at an air inlet of the cathode cavity, a pressure P2 at an air outlet of the cathode cavity, and a voltage U of the stack (10), performing a valve closing step when the pressure P1 at the inlet of the cathode cavity and the pressure P2 at the outlet of the cathode cavity are between 0.95 atmosphere and 1.05 atmosphere and the voltage U is between 0V and 0.1V, the step of closing the valve comprises closing a second valve (221) located at an air outlet of the cathode cavity, a third valve (311) located at an air inlet of the anode cavity, a fourth valve (321) located at an air outlet of the anode cavity, and a fifth valve (231) connected between an inlet end of the first valve (211) and an outlet end of the second valve (221), wherein the first valve (211) is located at an air inlet of the cathode cavity.
7. The control method according to claim 6, wherein after performing the valve closing step, monitoring a pressure P1 at an inlet of the cathode cavity and a pressure P2 at an outlet of the cathode cavity, and when the pressure P1 at the inlet of the cathode cavity and the pressure P2 at the outlet of the cathode cavity are less than 0.95 atmosphere, opening the second valve (221) and the third valve (311) and filling hydrogen gas into the anode cavity to consume oxygen gas in the cathode cavity.
8. The control method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the step of stopping the supply of air into the cathode cavity comprises:
closing the first valve (211).
9. The control method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the step of charging hydrogen gas into the anode cavity to consume oxygen gas in the cathode cavity comprises:
keeping the third valve (311) in an open state to continuously charge hydrogen into the anode cavity;
intermittently opening the fourth valve (321) to vent nitrogen gas from the interior of the anode chamber;
the second valve (221) is kept in an open state, so that the fifth valve (231) is intermittently opened to dilute the hydrogen gas discharged from the second exhaust passage (22).
10. A computer-readable storage medium characterized by comprising a stored program, wherein the program executes the control method of any one of claims 6 to 9.
11. A processor, characterized in that the processor is configured to run a program, wherein the program is configured to execute the control method according to any one of claims 6 to 9 when running.
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