CN114293052A - Modified nanopowder metallurgy material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Modified nanopowder metallurgy material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114293052A
CN114293052A CN202111631956.8A CN202111631956A CN114293052A CN 114293052 A CN114293052 A CN 114293052A CN 202111631956 A CN202111631956 A CN 202111631956A CN 114293052 A CN114293052 A CN 114293052A
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powder
nano
silver
aluminum
metallurgy material
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张卫国
许国男
叶建方
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Suzhou Chengliang Powder Metallurgy Co ltd
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Suzhou Chengliang Powder Metallurgy Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a modified nanopowder metallurgy material, which comprises the following steps: adding stearic acid as an auxiliary agent into the spherical copper powder under the protection of Ar gas, and carrying out ball milling to obtain ellipsoidal copper powder; the spherical aluminum powder is stirred and ball-milled in an ethanol solvent, and flake aluminum powder is obtained after drying; mixing the ellipsoidal copper powder, the flaky aluminum powder, the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array and the aluminum carbide in a three-dimensional powder mixer to uniformly mix four phases, and performing ball milling to obtain mixed powder; pressing the mixed powder into a cylinder; vacuum sintering; cooling and extruding to obtain a compact metallurgical bar; solid dissolving and water quenching the metallurgical bar; and (3) carrying out blackening treatment on the surface of the material, placing the blackened material on a laser treatment platform, and carrying out heat treatment on the powder metallurgy material by adopting a broadband scanning rotating mirror system to obtain the powder metallurgy material. The composite material is formed by compounding ellipsoidal copper powder, flaky aluminum powder, a nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array and aluminum carbide, and the special structures and the special properties of the components are utilized to form complementation so as to increase the mechanical property.

Description

Modified nanopowder metallurgy material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of powder metallurgy materials, in particular to a modified nano powder metallurgy material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of modern industry, especially the development of new technologies such as aerospace and nuclear energy utilization, higher and higher requirements are put forward on materials. The material is required to have high strength and rigidity, corrosion resistance, certain high temperature resistance and higher chemical and dimensional stability when the temperature is changed violently, and the metal matrix composite material has excellent physical and mechanical properties and becomes an important field for the research and development of new high-technology materials in recent years.
The mechanical property and the toughness of the traditional single metal material are mutually restricted and cannot completely meet the current industrial application requirements, and in recent years, the particle reinforced composite material becomes an ideal material for producing metal products by virtue of excellent mechanical property, corrosion resistance and high cost performance. The main preparation method of the particle reinforced metal material comprises the following steps: stirring casting method, spray forming method, pressure infiltration method, powder metallurgy method, and the like. The powder metallurgy method is flexible in process and high in designability, can realize good composition of a matrix and reinforced particles, reduces uneven particle distribution and component segregation, eliminates a coarse casting structure and the like, and is an important means for preparing a high-performance composite metal material.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: the invention is compounded by ellipsoidal copper powder, flaky aluminum powder, nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array and aluminum carbide, and utilizes the special structures and special properties of the components to form complementation and increase the mechanical property.
The technical scheme is as follows: a modified nano-powder metallurgy material is compounded by ellipsoidal copper powder, flaky aluminum powder, a nano-silver modified carbon nano-tube array and aluminum carbide.
A preparation method of a modified nanopowder metallurgy material comprises the following steps:
step 1: adding 5 wt% of stearic acid as an auxiliary agent into the spherical copper powder under the protection of Ar gas, and carrying out ball milling for 10 hours at the speed of 420-;
step 2: the spherical aluminum powder is stirred and ball-milled in an ethanol solvent, stirred and ball-milled for 4 hours at the speed of 100r/min, and then dried at 70 ℃ in a vacuum environment to obtain flaky aluminum powder;
step 2: mixing the ellipsoidal copper powder, the flaky aluminum powder, the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array and the aluminum carbide in a three-dimensional powder mixer for 3-4h to uniformly mix the four phases, and performing ball milling for 15min at the speed of 420-440r/min by using a planetary ball mill under the Ar atmosphere to obtain mixed powder;
and step 3: pressing the mixed powder into a cylinder with the diameter of 40mm under 500 MPa;
and 4, step 4: sintering in vacuum at 500-570 ℃ for 1.5-2 h;
and 5: cooling to 450-475 ℃, and extruding to obtain a compact metallurgical bar;
step 6: dissolving the metallurgical bar in a solid solution for 3 hours at 530 ℃, and performing water quenching;
and 7: and (3) carrying out blackening treatment on the surface of the material, placing the blackened material on a laser treatment platform, and carrying out heat treatment on the powder metallurgy material by adopting a broadband scanning rotating mirror system to obtain the powder metallurgy material.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the copper sheet-shaped powder to the aluminum flake powder to the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array to the aluminum carbide is as follows: (3-5):90:(1-3):(2-5).
Preferably, the preparation method of the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 6g of silver nitrate in 30mL of distilled water and 6mL of concentrated ammonia water to obtain a silver-ammonia complex solution;
(2) dissolving 1.5g of succinic acid in 200mL of distilled water and 15mL of concentrated ammonia water to obtain a succinic acid aqueous solution;
(3) uniformly mixing the silver-ammonia complex solution with the succinic acid aqueous solution, dropwise adding a sodium borohydride solution into the mixed solution at normal temperature, and stirring for 1h after dropwise adding is finished to obtain nano silver colloid;
(4) soaking the carbon nano tube array in the solution, and stirring for 30 min;
(5) and adding phosphoric acid, adjusting the pH value to be 4-6, reacting for 1h, washing for several times by using distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array.
Preferably, the molar ratio of sodium borohydride to silver nitrate is 4.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the phosphoric acid in the step (5) to the nano silver colloid in the step (3) is as follows: 1:4.
Preferably, the preparation method of the aluminum carbide comprises the following steps:
(1) 2g of polycarbosilane is dissolved in 300mL of n-hexane;
(2) adding 200g of aluminum powder, and magnetically stirring for 1 hour to ensure that the coating is uniform;
(3) heating and stirring at 50 ℃ until n-hexane is completely evaporated to obtain polycarbosilane coated aluminum powder;
(4) loading polycarbosilane coated aluminum powder into a soft die for cold isostatic pressing, wherein the pressure is 200MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 90 s;
(5) and sintering the prepared green body in a tubular furnace under the protection of high-purity argon to obtain the aluminum carbide.
Preferably, the sintering conditions are as follows: the argon flow is 500mL/min, the temperature is raised to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, then the temperature is raised to the sintering temperature of 1100-1300 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 2h, and the furnace cooling is carried out.
Preferably, the laser processing conditions in step 7 are a broadband spot size of 25mm × 2mm, a laser power of 1300W, and a scanning speed of 150 mm/min.
Has the advantages that:
1. because the auxiliary agent is less in the ball milling process, the spherical copper powder is cold-welded into flat ellipsoidal particles with the size of about 100 mu m under the impact action of the metal steel ball, and the flat ellipsoidal particles are favorable for densification in the pressing process;
2. the natural oxide film on the surface of the flaky aluminum powder is broken under the impact of the steel ball, so that the densification and the diffusion homogenization of the alloy in the sintering process are promoted.
3. The invention adopts the nano silver particles to modify the surface of the carbon nano tube, and the composite structure combines the unique net structure of the carbon nano tube and the superior surface performance of the silver nano particles, so that the carbon nano tube can be more uniformly distributed in a metallurgical material, can be better compounded with a compounded metal material, and improves the mechanical property of the carbon nano tube.
4. The invention adopts the nano flaky aluminum powder to retain the nano flaky structure after extrusion deformation and post heat treatment, obtains elongated ultrafine grain structure, is beneficial to improving the work hardening rate of a metallurgical material in the stretching process, and can obtain high elongation while realizing the high strength of the ultrafine grain.
5. The nano flaky aluminum powder can increase the specific surface area in the re-ball milling process, form more nano alumina ceramic phases, prevent the crystal grains from growing in the thermal deformation and thermal treatment processes, and in the tensile strain process, the nano alumina ceramic phases and the alloy nano precipitated phases together prevent dislocation migration and promote dislocation proliferation in the tensile strain process, so that the tensile strength of a sample is finally improved.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A preparation method of a modified nanopowder metallurgy material comprises the following steps:
step 1: adding 5 wt% of stearic acid as an auxiliary agent into spherical copper powder under the protection of Ar gas, and carrying out ball milling for 10 hours at 420r/min by utilizing planetary ball milling to obtain ellipsoidal copper powder;
step 2: the spherical aluminum powder is stirred and ball-milled in an ethanol solvent, stirred and ball-milled for 4 hours at the speed of 100r/min, and then dried at 70 ℃ in a vacuum environment to obtain flaky aluminum powder;
and step 3: mixing ellipsoidal copper powder, flake aluminum powder, a nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array and aluminum carbide in a three-dimensional powder mixer for 3 hours to uniformly mix four phases, and carrying out ball milling for 15 minutes at 420r/min by using a planetary ball mill under Ar atmosphere to obtain mixed powder, wherein the mass ratio of the flake aluminum powder to the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array to the aluminum carbide is as follows: 3:90:1: 5;
and 4, step 4: pressing the mixed powder into a cylinder with the diameter of 40mm under 500 MPa;
and 5: vacuum sintering at 500 deg.C for 1.5 h;
step 6: cooling to 450 ℃, and extruding to obtain a compact metallurgical bar;
and 7: dissolving the metallurgical bar in a solid solution for 3 hours at 530 ℃, and performing water quenching;
and 8: the surface of the material is blackened, the blackened material is placed on a laser processing platform, a broadband scanning rotating mirror system is adopted to carry out heat treatment on the powder metallurgy material, and the laser processing conditions are that the broadband light spot size is 25mm multiplied by 2mm, the laser power is 1300W, and the scanning speed is 150 mm/min.
The preparation method of the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 6g of silver nitrate in 30mL of distilled water and 6mL of concentrated ammonia water to obtain a silver-ammonia complex solution;
(2) dissolving 1.5g of succinic acid in 200mL of distilled water and 15mL of concentrated ammonia water to obtain a succinic acid aqueous solution;
(3) uniformly mixing the silver-ammonia complex solution with the succinic acid aqueous solution, dropwise adding a sodium borohydride solution into the mixed solution at normal temperature, and stirring for 1h after dropwise adding is completed to obtain nano silver colloid, wherein the molar ratio of the sodium borohydride to the silver nitrate is 4;
(4) soaking the carbon nano tube array in the solution, and stirring for 30 min;
(5) and (3) adding phosphoric acid, wherein the volume ratio of the phosphoric acid to the nano silver colloid in the step (3) is as follows: and (4) adjusting the pH value to 4, reacting for 1h, washing for a plurality of times by using distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain the nano-silver modified carbon nano tube array.
The preparation method of the aluminum carbide comprises the following steps:
(1) 2g of polycarbosilane is dissolved in 300mL of n-hexane;
(2) adding 200g of aluminum powder, and magnetically stirring for 1 hour to ensure that the coating is uniform;
(3) heating and stirring at 50 ℃ until n-hexane is completely evaporated to obtain polycarbosilane coated aluminum powder;
(4) loading polycarbosilane coated aluminum powder into a soft die for cold isostatic pressing, wherein the pressure is 200MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 90 s;
(5) and (3) sintering the prepared green body in a tube furnace under the protection of high-purity argon to obtain aluminum carbide, wherein the sintering conditions are as follows: the flow rate of argon gas is 500mL/min, the temperature is raised to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, then the temperature is raised to 1100 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 2h, and the mixture is cooled along with the furnace.
Example 2
A preparation method of a modified nanopowder metallurgy material comprises the following steps:
step 1: adding 5 wt% of stearic acid as an auxiliary agent into spherical copper powder under the protection of Ar gas, and carrying out ball milling for 10 hours at 420r/min by utilizing planetary ball milling to obtain ellipsoidal copper powder;
step 2: the spherical aluminum powder is stirred and ball-milled in an ethanol solvent, stirred and ball-milled for 4 hours at the speed of 100r/min, and then dried at 70 ℃ in a vacuum environment to obtain flaky aluminum powder;
and step 3: mixing ellipsoidal copper powder, flake aluminum powder, a nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array and aluminum carbide in a three-dimensional powder mixer for 3 hours to uniformly mix four phases, and carrying out ball milling for 15 minutes at 420r/min by using a planetary ball mill under Ar atmosphere to obtain mixed powder, wherein the mass ratio of the flake aluminum powder to the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array to the aluminum carbide is as follows: 4:90:2: 4;
and 4, step 4: pressing the mixed powder into a cylinder with the diameter of 40mm under 500 MPa;
and 5: vacuum sintering at 500 deg.C for 1.5 h;
step 6: cooling to 450 ℃, and extruding to obtain a compact metallurgical bar;
and 7: dissolving the metallurgical bar in a solid solution for 3 hours at 530 ℃, and performing water quenching;
and 8: the surface of the material is blackened, the blackened material is placed on a laser processing platform, a broadband scanning rotating mirror system is adopted to carry out heat treatment on the powder metallurgy material, and the laser processing conditions are that the broadband light spot size is 25mm multiplied by 2mm, the laser power is 1300W, and the scanning speed is 150 mm/min.
The preparation method of the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 6g of silver nitrate in 30mL of distilled water and 6mL of concentrated ammonia water to obtain a silver-ammonia complex solution;
(2) dissolving 1.5g of succinic acid in 200mL of distilled water and 15mL of concentrated ammonia water to obtain a succinic acid aqueous solution;
(3) uniformly mixing the silver-ammonia complex solution with the succinic acid aqueous solution, dropwise adding a sodium borohydride solution into the mixed solution at normal temperature, and stirring for 1h after dropwise adding is completed to obtain nano silver colloid, wherein the molar ratio of the sodium borohydride to the silver nitrate is 4;
(4) soaking the carbon nano tube array in the solution, and stirring for 30 min;
(5) and (3) adding phosphoric acid, wherein the volume ratio of the phosphoric acid to the nano silver colloid in the step (3) is as follows: and (4) adjusting the pH value to 4, reacting for 1h, washing for a plurality of times by using distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain the nano-silver modified carbon nano tube array.
The preparation method of the aluminum carbide comprises the following steps:
(1) 2g of polycarbosilane is dissolved in 300mL of n-hexane;
(2) adding 200g of aluminum powder, and magnetically stirring for 1 hour to ensure that the coating is uniform;
(3) heating and stirring at 50 ℃ until n-hexane is completely evaporated to obtain polycarbosilane coated aluminum powder;
(4) loading polycarbosilane coated aluminum powder into a soft die for cold isostatic pressing, wherein the pressure is 200MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 90 s;
(5) and (3) sintering the prepared green body in a tube furnace under the protection of high-purity argon to obtain aluminum carbide, wherein the sintering conditions are as follows: the flow rate of argon gas is 500mL/min, the temperature is raised to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, then the temperature is raised to 1100 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 2h, and the mixture is cooled along with the furnace.
Example 3
A preparation method of a modified nanopowder metallurgy material comprises the following steps:
step 1: adding 5 wt% of stearic acid as an auxiliary agent into spherical copper powder under the protection of Ar gas, and carrying out ball milling for 10 hours at 420r/min by utilizing planetary ball milling to obtain ellipsoidal copper powder;
step 2: the spherical aluminum powder is stirred and ball-milled in an ethanol solvent, stirred and ball-milled for 4 hours at the speed of 100r/min, and then dried at 70 ℃ in a vacuum environment to obtain flaky aluminum powder;
and step 3: mixing ellipsoidal copper powder, flake aluminum powder, a nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array and aluminum carbide in a three-dimensional powder mixer for 3 hours to uniformly mix four phases, and carrying out ball milling for 15 minutes at 420r/min by using a planetary ball mill under Ar atmosphere to obtain mixed powder, wherein the mass ratio of the flake aluminum powder to the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array to the aluminum carbide is as follows: 5:90:3: 3;
and 4, step 4: pressing the mixed powder into a cylinder with the diameter of 40mm under 500 MPa;
and 5: vacuum sintering at 500 deg.C for 1.5 h;
step 6: cooling to 450 ℃, and extruding to obtain a compact metallurgical bar;
and 7: dissolving the metallurgical bar in a solid solution for 3 hours at 530 ℃, and performing water quenching;
and 8: the surface of the material is blackened, the blackened material is placed on a laser processing platform, a broadband scanning rotating mirror system is adopted to carry out heat treatment on the powder metallurgy material, and the laser processing conditions are that the broadband light spot size is 25mm multiplied by 2mm, the laser power is 1300W, and the scanning speed is 150 mm/min.
The preparation method of the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 6g of silver nitrate in 30mL of distilled water and 6mL of concentrated ammonia water to obtain a silver-ammonia complex solution;
(2) dissolving 1.5g of succinic acid in 200mL of distilled water and 15mL of concentrated ammonia water to obtain a succinic acid aqueous solution;
(3) uniformly mixing the silver-ammonia complex solution with the succinic acid aqueous solution, dropwise adding a sodium borohydride solution into the mixed solution at normal temperature, and stirring for 1h after dropwise adding is completed to obtain nano silver colloid, wherein the molar ratio of the sodium borohydride to the silver nitrate is 4;
(4) soaking the carbon nano tube array in the solution, and stirring for 30 min;
(5) and (3) adding phosphoric acid, wherein the volume ratio of the phosphoric acid to the nano silver colloid in the step (3) is as follows: and (4) adjusting the pH value to 4, reacting for 1h, washing for a plurality of times by using distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain the nano-silver modified carbon nano tube array.
The preparation method of the aluminum carbide comprises the following steps:
(1) 2g of polycarbosilane is dissolved in 300mL of n-hexane;
(2) adding 200g of aluminum powder, and magnetically stirring for 1 hour to ensure that the coating is uniform;
(3) heating and stirring at 50 ℃ until n-hexane is completely evaporated to obtain polycarbosilane coated aluminum powder;
(4) loading polycarbosilane coated aluminum powder into a soft die for cold isostatic pressing, wherein the pressure is 200MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 90 s;
(5) and (3) sintering the prepared green body in a tube furnace under the protection of high-purity argon to obtain aluminum carbide, wherein the sintering conditions are as follows: the flow rate of argon gas is 500mL/min, the temperature is raised to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, then the temperature is raised to 1100 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 2h, and the mixture is cooled along with the furnace.
Example 4
A preparation method of a modified nanopowder metallurgy material comprises the following steps:
step 1: adding 5 wt% of stearic acid as an auxiliary agent into spherical copper powder under the protection of Ar gas, and carrying out ball milling for 10 hours at 430r/min by utilizing planetary ball milling to obtain ellipsoidal copper powder;
step 2: the spherical aluminum powder is stirred and ball-milled in an ethanol solvent, stirred and ball-milled for 4 hours at the speed of 100r/min, and then dried at 70 ℃ in a vacuum environment to obtain flaky aluminum powder;
and step 3: mixing ellipsoidal copper powder, flake aluminum powder, a nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array and aluminum carbide in a three-dimensional powder mixer for 3.5 hours to uniformly mix four phases, and carrying out ball milling for 15min at 430r/min by using a planetary ball mill under Ar atmosphere to obtain mixed powder, wherein the mass ratio of the copper flake powder to the aluminum flake powder to the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array to the aluminum carbide is as follows: 3:90:1: 2;
and 4, step 4: pressing the mixed powder into a cylinder with the diameter of 40mm under 500 MPa;
and 5: sintering at 520 ℃ for 2h in vacuum;
step 6: cooling to 460 ℃, and extruding to obtain a compact metallurgical bar;
and 7: dissolving the metallurgical bar in a solid solution for 3 hours at 530 ℃, and performing water quenching;
and 8: the surface of the material is blackened, the blackened material is placed on a laser processing platform, a broadband scanning rotating mirror system is adopted to carry out heat treatment on the powder metallurgy material, and the laser processing conditions are that the broadband light spot size is 25mm multiplied by 2mm, the laser power is 1300W, and the scanning speed is 150 mm/min.
The preparation method of the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 6g of silver nitrate in 30mL of distilled water and 6mL of concentrated ammonia water to obtain a silver-ammonia complex solution;
(2) dissolving 1.5g of succinic acid in 200mL of distilled water and 15mL of concentrated ammonia water to obtain a succinic acid aqueous solution;
(3) uniformly mixing the silver-ammonia complex solution with the succinic acid aqueous solution, dropwise adding a sodium borohydride solution into the mixed solution at normal temperature, and stirring for 1h after dropwise adding is completed to obtain nano silver colloid, wherein the molar ratio of the sodium borohydride to the silver nitrate is 4;
(4) soaking the carbon nano tube array in the solution, and stirring for 30 min;
(5) and (3) adding phosphoric acid, wherein the volume ratio of the phosphoric acid to the nano silver colloid in the step (3) is as follows: and (4) adjusting the pH value to 5, reacting for 1h, washing for a plurality of times by using distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain the nano-silver modified carbon nano tube array.
The preparation method of the aluminum carbide comprises the following steps:
(1) 2g of polycarbosilane is dissolved in 300mL of n-hexane;
(2) adding 200g of aluminum powder, and magnetically stirring for 1 hour to ensure that the coating is uniform;
(3) heating and stirring at 50 ℃ until n-hexane is completely evaporated to obtain polycarbosilane coated aluminum powder;
(4) loading polycarbosilane coated aluminum powder into a soft die for cold isostatic pressing, wherein the pressure is 200MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 90 s;
(5) and (3) sintering the prepared green body in a tube furnace under the protection of high-purity argon to obtain aluminum carbide, wherein the sintering conditions are as follows: the flow rate of argon gas is 500mL/min, the temperature is raised to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, then the temperature is raised to the sintering temperature of 1200 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 2h, and the furnace is cooled.
Example 5
A preparation method of a modified nanopowder metallurgy material comprises the following steps:
step 1: adding 5 wt% of stearic acid as an auxiliary agent into spherical copper powder under the protection of Ar gas, and carrying out ball milling for 10 hours at 430r/min by utilizing planetary ball milling to obtain ellipsoidal copper powder;
step 2: the spherical aluminum powder is stirred and ball-milled in an ethanol solvent, stirred and ball-milled for 4 hours at the speed of 100r/min, and then dried at 70 ℃ in a vacuum environment to obtain flaky aluminum powder;
and step 3: mixing ellipsoidal copper powder, flake aluminum powder, a nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array and aluminum carbide in a three-dimensional powder mixer for 3.5 hours to uniformly mix four phases, and carrying out ball milling for 15min at 430r/min by using a planetary ball mill under Ar atmosphere to obtain mixed powder, wherein the mass ratio of the copper flake powder to the aluminum flake powder to the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array to the aluminum carbide is as follows: 4:90:2: 3;
and 4, step 4: pressing the mixed powder into a cylinder with the diameter of 40mm under 500 MPa;
and 5: sintering at 530 ℃ for 2h in vacuum;
step 6: cooling to 465 ℃, and extruding to obtain a compact metallurgical bar;
and 7: dissolving the metallurgical bar in a solid solution for 3 hours at 530 ℃, and performing water quenching;
and 8: the surface of the material is blackened, the blackened material is placed on a laser processing platform, a broadband scanning rotating mirror system is adopted to carry out heat treatment on the powder metallurgy material, and the laser processing conditions are that the broadband light spot size is 25mm multiplied by 2mm, the laser power is 1300W, and the scanning speed is 150 mm/min.
The preparation method of the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 6g of silver nitrate in 30mL of distilled water and 6mL of concentrated ammonia water to obtain a silver-ammonia complex solution;
(2) dissolving 1.5g of succinic acid in 200mL of distilled water and 15mL of concentrated ammonia water to obtain a succinic acid aqueous solution;
(3) uniformly mixing the silver-ammonia complex solution with the succinic acid aqueous solution, dropwise adding a sodium borohydride solution into the mixed solution at normal temperature, and stirring for 1h after dropwise adding is completed to obtain nano silver colloid, wherein the molar ratio of the sodium borohydride to the silver nitrate is 4;
(4) soaking the carbon nano tube array in the solution, and stirring for 30 min;
(5) and (3) adding phosphoric acid, wherein the volume ratio of the phosphoric acid to the nano silver colloid in the step (3) is as follows: and (4) adjusting the pH value to 5, reacting for 1h, washing for a plurality of times by using distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain the nano-silver modified carbon nano tube array.
The preparation method of the aluminum carbide comprises the following steps:
(1) 2g of polycarbosilane is dissolved in 300mL of n-hexane;
(2) adding 200g of aluminum powder, and magnetically stirring for 1 hour to ensure that the coating is uniform;
(3) heating and stirring at 50 ℃ until n-hexane is completely evaporated to obtain polycarbosilane coated aluminum powder;
(4) loading polycarbosilane coated aluminum powder into a soft die for cold isostatic pressing, wherein the pressure is 200MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 90 s;
(5) and (3) sintering the prepared green body in a tube furnace under the protection of high-purity argon to obtain aluminum carbide, wherein the sintering conditions are as follows: the flow rate of argon gas is 500mL/min, the temperature is raised to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, then the temperature is raised to the sintering temperature of 1200 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 2h, and the furnace is cooled.
Example 6
A preparation method of a modified nanopowder metallurgy material comprises the following steps:
step 1: adding 5 wt% of stearic acid as an auxiliary agent into spherical copper powder under the protection of Ar gas, and carrying out ball milling for 10 hours at 430r/min by utilizing planetary ball milling to obtain ellipsoidal copper powder;
step 2: the spherical aluminum powder is stirred and ball-milled in an ethanol solvent, stirred and ball-milled for 4 hours at the speed of 100r/min, and then dried at 70 ℃ in a vacuum environment to obtain flaky aluminum powder;
and step 3: mixing ellipsoidal copper powder, flake aluminum powder, a nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array and aluminum carbide in a three-dimensional powder mixer for 3.5 hours to uniformly mix four phases, and carrying out ball milling for 15min at 430r/min by using a planetary ball mill under Ar atmosphere to obtain mixed powder, wherein the mass ratio of the copper flake powder to the aluminum flake powder to the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array to the aluminum carbide is as follows: 5:90:2: 5;
and 4, step 4: pressing the mixed powder into a cylinder with the diameter of 40mm under 500 MPa;
and 5: vacuum sintering at 560 deg.C for 2 h;
step 6: cooling to 470 ℃, and extruding to obtain a compact metallurgical bar;
and 7: dissolving the metallurgical bar in a solid solution for 3 hours at 550 ℃, and performing water quenching;
and 8: the surface of the material is blackened, the blackened material is placed on a laser processing platform, a broadband scanning rotating mirror system is adopted to carry out heat treatment on the powder metallurgy material, and the laser processing conditions are that the broadband light spot size is 25mm multiplied by 2mm, the laser power is 1300W, and the scanning speed is 150 mm/min.
The preparation method of the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 6g of silver nitrate in 30mL of distilled water and 6mL of concentrated ammonia water to obtain a silver-ammonia complex solution;
(2) dissolving 1.5g of succinic acid in 200mL of distilled water and 15mL of concentrated ammonia water to obtain a succinic acid aqueous solution;
(3) uniformly mixing the silver-ammonia complex solution with the succinic acid aqueous solution, dropwise adding a sodium borohydride solution into the mixed solution at normal temperature, and stirring for 1h after dropwise adding is completed to obtain nano silver colloid, wherein the molar ratio of the sodium borohydride to the silver nitrate is 4;
(4) soaking the carbon nano tube array in the solution, and stirring for 30 min;
(5) and (3) adding phosphoric acid, wherein the volume ratio of the phosphoric acid to the nano silver colloid in the step (3) is as follows: and (4) adjusting the pH value to 5, reacting for 1h, washing for a plurality of times by using distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain the nano-silver modified carbon nano tube array.
The preparation method of the aluminum carbide comprises the following steps:
(1) 2g of polycarbosilane is dissolved in 300mL of n-hexane;
(2) adding 200g of aluminum powder, and magnetically stirring for 1 hour to ensure that the coating is uniform;
(3) heating and stirring at 50 ℃ until n-hexane is completely evaporated to obtain polycarbosilane coated aluminum powder;
(4) loading polycarbosilane coated aluminum powder into a soft die for cold isostatic pressing, wherein the pressure is 200MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 90 s;
(5) and (3) sintering the prepared green body in a tube furnace under the protection of high-purity argon to obtain aluminum carbide, wherein the sintering conditions are as follows: the flow rate of argon gas is 500mL/min, the temperature is raised to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, then the temperature is raised to the sintering temperature of 1200 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 2h, and the furnace is cooled.
Example 7
A preparation method of a modified nanopowder metallurgy material comprises the following steps:
step 1: adding 5 wt% of stearic acid as an auxiliary agent into the spherical copper powder under the protection of Ar gas, and carrying out ball milling for 10 hours at 440r/min by utilizing planetary ball milling to obtain ellipsoidal copper powder;
step 2: the spherical aluminum powder is stirred and ball-milled in an ethanol solvent, stirred and ball-milled for 4 hours at the speed of 100r/min, and then dried at 70 ℃ in a vacuum environment to obtain flaky aluminum powder;
and step 3: mixing ellipsoidal copper powder, flake aluminum powder, a nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array and aluminum carbide in a three-dimensional powder mixer for 3.5 hours to uniformly mix four phases, and carrying out ball milling for 15min at 440r/min by using a planetary ball mill under Ar atmosphere to obtain mixed powder, wherein the mass ratio of the copper flake powder to the aluminum flake powder to the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array to the aluminum carbide is as follows: 5:90:3: 5;
and 4, step 4: pressing the mixed powder into a cylinder with the diameter of 40mm under 500 MPa;
and 5: vacuum sintering at 570 ℃ for 1.5-2 h;
step 6: cooling to 475 ℃, and extruding to obtain a compact metallurgical bar;
and 7: dissolving the metallurgical bar in a solid solution for 3 hours at 530 ℃, and performing water quenching;
and 8: the surface of the material is blackened, the blackened material is placed on a laser processing platform, a broadband scanning rotating mirror system is adopted to carry out heat treatment on the powder metallurgy material, and the laser processing conditions are that the broadband light spot size is 25mm multiplied by 2mm, the laser power is 1300W, and the scanning speed is 150 mm/min.
The preparation method of the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 6g of silver nitrate in 30mL of distilled water and 6mL of concentrated ammonia water to obtain a silver-ammonia complex solution;
(2) dissolving 1.5g of succinic acid in 200mL of distilled water and 15mL of concentrated ammonia water to obtain a succinic acid aqueous solution;
(3) uniformly mixing the silver-ammonia complex solution with the succinic acid aqueous solution, dropwise adding a sodium borohydride solution into the mixed solution at normal temperature, and stirring for 1h after dropwise adding is completed to obtain nano silver colloid, wherein the molar ratio of the sodium borohydride to the silver nitrate is 4;
(4) soaking the carbon nano tube array in the solution, and stirring for 30 min;
(5) and (3) adding phosphoric acid, wherein the volume ratio of the phosphoric acid to the nano silver colloid in the step (3) is as follows: and (4) adjusting the pH value to 6, reacting for 1h, washing for a plurality of times by using distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain the nano-silver modified carbon nano tube array.
The preparation method of the aluminum carbide comprises the following steps:
(1) 2g of polycarbosilane is dissolved in 300mL of n-hexane;
(2) adding 200g of aluminum powder, and magnetically stirring for 1 hour to ensure that the coating is uniform;
(3) heating and stirring at 50 ℃ until n-hexane is completely evaporated to obtain polycarbosilane coated aluminum powder;
(4) loading polycarbosilane coated aluminum powder into a soft die for cold isostatic pressing, wherein the pressure is 200MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 90 s;
(5) and (3) sintering the prepared green body in a tube furnace under the protection of high-purity argon to obtain aluminum carbide, wherein the sintering conditions are as follows: the flow rate of argon gas is 500mL/min, the temperature is raised to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, then the temperature is raised to 1300 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 2h, and the mixture is cooled along with the furnace.
Using a universal tensile testing machine at a constant strain rate of 3X 10-4s-1Next, mechanical property analysis was performed at room temperature.
TABLE 1 partial Performance index of the examples
Figure BDA0003440508780000101

Claims (9)

1. A modified nanopowder metallurgy material is characterized in that: the composite material is formed by combining ellipsoidal copper powder, flaky aluminum powder, a nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array and aluminum carbide.
2. A preparation method of a modified nanopowder metallurgy material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: adding 5 wt% of stearic acid as an auxiliary agent into the spherical copper powder under the protection of Ar gas, and carrying out ball milling for 10 hours at the speed of 420-;
step 2: the spherical aluminum powder is stirred and ball-milled in an ethanol solvent, stirred and ball-milled for 4 hours at the speed of 100r/min, and then dried at 70 ℃ in a vacuum environment to obtain flaky aluminum powder;
and step 3: mixing the ellipsoidal copper powder, the flaky aluminum powder, the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array and the aluminum carbide in a three-dimensional powder mixer for 3-4h to uniformly mix the four phases, and performing ball milling for 15min at the speed of 420-440r/min by using a planetary ball mill under the Ar atmosphere to obtain mixed powder;
and 4, step 4: pressing the mixed powder into a cylinder with the diameter of 40mm under 500 MPa;
and 5: sintering in vacuum at 500-570 ℃ for 1.5-2 h;
step 6: cooling to 450-475 ℃, and extruding to obtain a compact metallurgical bar;
and 7: dissolving the metallurgical bar in a solid solution for 3 hours at 530 ℃, and performing water quenching;
and 8: and (3) carrying out blackening treatment on the surface of the material, placing the blackened material on a laser treatment platform, and carrying out heat treatment on the powder metallurgy material by adopting a broadband scanning rotating mirror system to obtain the powder metallurgy material.
3. The modified nanopowder metallurgy material of claim 2, wherein: the mass ratio of the copper sheet-shaped powder to the flaky aluminum powder to the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array to the aluminum carbide is as follows: (3-5):90:(1-3):(2-5).
4. The modified nanopowder metallurgy material of claim 2, wherein: the preparation method of the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 6g of silver nitrate in 30mL of distilled water and 6mL of concentrated ammonia water to obtain a silver-ammonia complex solution;
(2) dissolving 1.5g of succinic acid in 200mL of distilled water and 15mL of concentrated ammonia water to obtain a succinic acid aqueous solution;
(3) uniformly mixing the silver-ammonia complex solution with the succinic acid aqueous solution, dropwise adding a sodium borohydride solution into the mixed solution at normal temperature, and stirring for 1h after dropwise adding is finished to obtain nano silver colloid;
(4) soaking the carbon nano tube array in the solution, and stirring for 30 min;
(5) and adding phosphoric acid, adjusting the pH value to be 4-6, reacting for 1h, washing for several times by using distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain the nano-silver modified carbon nanotube array.
5. The modified nanopowder metallurgy material of claim 4, wherein: the molar ratio of the sodium borohydride to the silver nitrate is 4.
6. The modified nanopowder metallurgy material of claim 4, wherein: the volume ratio of the phosphoric acid in the step (5) to the nano silver colloid in the step (3) is as follows: 1:4.
7. The modified nanopowder metallurgy material of claim 2, wherein: the preparation method of the aluminum carbide comprises the following steps:
(1) 2g of polycarbosilane is dissolved in 300mL of n-hexane;
(2) adding 200g of aluminum powder, and magnetically stirring for 1 hour to ensure that the coating is uniform;
(3) heating and stirring at 50 ℃ until n-hexane is completely evaporated to obtain polycarbosilane coated aluminum powder;
(4) loading polycarbosilane coated aluminum powder into a soft die for cold isostatic pressing, wherein the pressure is 200MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 90 s;
(5) and sintering the prepared green body in a tubular furnace under the protection of high-purity argon to obtain the aluminum carbide.
8. The method for preparing modified nano powder metallurgy material according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the sintering conditions are as follows: the argon flow is 500mL/min, the temperature is raised to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, then the temperature is raised to the sintering temperature of 1100-1300 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 2h, and the furnace cooling is carried out.
9. The modified nanopowder metallurgy material of claim 2, wherein: the laser processing conditions in the step 8 are that the broadband light spot size is 25mm multiplied by 2mm, the laser power is 1300W, and the scanning speed is 150 mm/min.
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