CN114288835A - Structure and method for improving oxidation degree and efficiency in 65% -68% high-concentration dilute acid preparation process - Google Patents
Structure and method for improving oxidation degree and efficiency in 65% -68% high-concentration dilute acid preparation process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114288835A CN114288835A CN202111461999.6A CN202111461999A CN114288835A CN 114288835 A CN114288835 A CN 114288835A CN 202111461999 A CN202111461999 A CN 202111461999A CN 114288835 A CN114288835 A CN 114288835A
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Abstract
The application provides a structure for improving the oxidation degree and the efficiency in the preparation process of 65-68% high-concentration dilute acid, which comprises an absorption tower; the absorption tower comprises an absorption area and an oxidation reaction area from top to bottom; the absorption zone is provided with a plurality of layers of absorption trays, a secondary downcomer is arranged on the absorption tray layer positioned at the bottommost side of the absorption zone, and the secondary downcomer leads at least a part of finished nitric acid with the concentration of 65% -68% generated on the absorption trays to the oxidation reaction zone so as to oxidize nitric oxide in the nitrogen oxide gas by using the finished nitric acid. Through set up inferior downcomer on absorbing the tray, make things convenient for the dilute nitric acid of high concentration on this absorption tray to directly flow to the oxidation reaction district, can oxidize the nitric oxide in the oxidation reaction district, and then improved the absorption efficiency of oxidation degree and oxidation nitrogen gas.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of high-concentration dilute nitric acid preparation, in particular to a structure and a method for improving the oxidation degree and efficiency in the preparation process of 65-68% of high-concentration dilute acid.
Background
In the dilute nitric acid preparation process, the nitrogen oxide generated after ammonia gas oxidation is generally introduced into an absorption tower for absorption, but because the nitrogen oxide exists, the nitrogen oxide cannot react with water, and further the absorption rate of the nitrogen oxide is reduced.
The invention patent with the patent number of CN106698368A discloses a nitric oxide wet oxidation process, wherein a mixed gas absorption section is arranged at the lower part of an absorption tower, a nitric oxide oxidation section is arranged at the middle part of the absorption tower, a nitrogen dioxide absorption section is arranged at the upper part of the absorption tower, nitrogen dioxide in the mixed gas is absorbed through the absorption section, nitrogen oxide which is not absorbed is oxidized through an oxidation section, but the nitrogen oxide is not oxidized through high-concentration dilute acid with the concentration higher than 65% in the oxidation process, so that the oxidation performance of the oxidation section on the nitrogen oxide is lower, and the absorption efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, the purpose of the application is to provide a structure and a method for improving the oxidation degree and the efficiency in the preparation process of 65% -68% high-concentration dilute acid, the oxidation reaction zone is directly arranged below the absorption zone, nitrogen oxide can directly enter the absorption zone to be absorbed after being oxidized, a secondary downcomer is arranged on a layer of absorption tray at the lowest side of the absorption zone, the high-concentration dilute nitric acid on the absorption tray can directly flow to the oxidation reaction zone conveniently, nitrogen oxide in the oxidation reaction zone can be oxidized, the simultaneous oxidation effect of oxygen and the high-concentration dilute nitric acid with the concentration of more than 65% on the nitrogen oxide in the oxidation reaction zone is realized, and the absorption efficiency of the oxidation degree and the nitrogen oxide is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the structure for improving the oxidation degree and the efficiency in the preparation process of 65-68% of high-concentration dilute acid comprises an absorption tower;
comprises an absorption tower;
the absorption tower comprises an absorption area and an oxidation reaction area from top to bottom;
the absorption zone is provided with a plurality of layers of absorption trays, a secondary downcomer is arranged on the absorption tray layer positioned at the bottommost side of the absorption zone, and the secondary downcomer leads at least a part of finished nitric acid with the concentration of 65% -68% generated on the absorption trays to the oxidation reaction zone so as to oxidize nitric oxide in the nitrogen oxide gas by using the finished nitric acid.
And the tower bottom liquid storage area is further included, absorption section downcomers are arranged on the absorption tower trays, and the bottom ends of the absorption section downcomers are communicated with the tower bottom liquid storage area.
Furthermore, a plurality of layers of oxide layer trays are arranged in the oxidation reaction zone, and the secondary downcomer is communicated to the top layer of the oxide layer trays.
Further, an air inlet is formed in the side wall of the absorption tower above the liquid storage area at the bottom of the tower, and is used for introducing the oxidized nitrogen and air into the oxidation reaction area from the lower side of an oxide layer tray at the bottommost side of the oxidation reaction area to perform oxidation reaction.
Further, the inner diameter of the secondary downcomer is 15-50 mm.
Furthermore, an oxidation section downcomer is arranged on the oxidation layer tray, and the oxidation section downcomer on the bottom-most oxidation layer tray is communicated with the tower bottom liquid storage area.
Further, the method for improving the oxidation degree and the efficiency in the preparation process of 65-68% of high-concentration dilute acid comprises the following steps: passing at least a portion of 65% -68% of the high-concentration dilute acid produced in the absorption zone of the absorber to an oxidation reaction zone of the absorber;
and introducing nitrogen oxide gas and air into the oxidation reaction zone, so that the nitrogen oxide in the nitrogen oxide gas is simultaneously oxidized by using oxygen in the air and the 65% -68% high-concentration dilute acid, and the oxidized nitrogen oxide gas flows upwards to the absorption zone for absorption.
Further, the specific reaction that occurs during the process that the oxygen in the air and the 65% -68% high-concentration dilute acid simultaneously oxidize the nitric oxide in the nitrogen oxide gas is as follows:
2NO+O2＝2NO2
furthermore, the nitrogen oxide gas and the air are introduced through the lower part of the oxidation reaction zone, so that the nitrogen oxide gas and the air sequentially pass through a plurality of layers of oxide layer trays in the oxidation reaction zone from bottom to top.
Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present application.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a structure for improving oxidation degree and efficiency in a 65% -68% high-concentration dilute acid preparation process according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an absorption tray of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an absorption tray of the present application.
In the figure: 100. an absorption tower; 1. an absorption zone; 11. an absorption tray; 12. a downcomer of the absorption section; 13. a secondary downcomer; 2. an oxidation reaction zone; 21. an oxide layer tray; 22. an oxidation section downcomer; 3. a liquid storage area at the bottom of the tower; 31. a finished product nitric acid storage area; 32. a low-concentration dilute nitric acid buffer zone; 33. an air inlet; 4. a partition plate; 5. and (7) a baffle plate.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present application, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary only for the purpose of explaining the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application. On the contrary, the embodiments of the application include all changes, modifications and equivalents coming within the spirit and terms of the claims appended hereto.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the process for preparing dilute acid with high concentration of 65% -68% improved in oxidation degree and efficiency according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, a structure for improving oxidation degree and efficiency in a 65% -68% high concentration dilute acid preparation process includes an absorption tower 100;
the absorption tower 100 comprises an absorption zone 1, an oxidation reaction zone 2 and a tower bottom liquid storage zone 3 from top to bottom; the nitrogen oxide introduced into the absorption tower 100 is firstly oxidized in the oxidation reaction zone 2, so that the nitrogen monoxide in the nitrogen oxide can be converted into nitrogen dioxide, absorption is facilitated, and the oxidized nitrogen gas enters the absorption zone 1 for absorption.
In addition, the absorption zone 1 is provided with a plurality of layers of absorption tower trays 11, two ends of one side of each layer of absorption tower tray 11 are provided with absorption section downcomers 12, a secondary downcomer 13 is arranged on the layer of absorption tower tray 11 positioned at the bottommost side of the absorption zone 1, the secondary downcomer 13 is positioned between the two absorption section downcomers 12 on the layer of absorption tower tray 11 positioned at the bottommost side, and the bottom ends of the absorption section downcomers 12 are communicated with the tower bottom liquid storage zone 3; specifically, the absorption zone 1 may be provided with a plurality of layers of absorption trays 11, the absorption trays 11 are provided with 25-45 layers, as the top end of the absorption tower 100 is located above the absorption zone 1 and is provided with a process water inlet, the process water can be introduced into the absorption zone 1 from the process water inlet, as the two ends of one side of the plurality of layers of absorption trays 11 in the absorption zone 1 are provided with absorption section downcomers 12, the process water flows downwards to the next layer of absorption trays 11 through the absorption section downcomers 12, when the oxidized nitrogen passes through the absorption trays 11, the oxidized nitrogen can combine with the process water thereon to generate dilute nitric acid, the dilute nitric acid continues to flow downwards to the next layer of absorption trays 11 through the absorption section downcomers 12, the dilute nitric acid absorbs nitrogen dioxide in the oxidized nitrogen on the next layer of absorption trays 11 to increase the concentration of the dilute nitric acid, and the dilute nitric acid with the increased concentration continues to flow downwards through the absorption section downcomers 12, and by analogy, the concentration of the dilute nitric acid is continuously increased in the continuous downward flowing process, when the dilute nitric acid flows to the layer of absorption tower tray 11 at the bottommost side of the absorption area 1, the concentration of the dilute nitric acid is increased to the maximum to form finished product nitric acid, and then the finished product nitric acid is introduced into the tower bottom liquid storage area 3 for storage and is discharged outwards.
It should be further noted that, in order to enhance the sufficient absorption of the nitrogen oxide gas passing through the absorption tray 11 on each layer of the absorption tray 11, so that the absorption section downcomers 12 provided on the absorption trays 11 of two adjacent layers are located on opposite sides of the absorption trays 11, so that one side of one layer of absorption tower tray 11 receives dilute nitric acid flowing down in the adjacent upper layer of absorption tower tray 11, dilute nitric acid flows up the absorption tower tray 11 to the other side through one side of the layer of absorption tower tray 11, flows to the lower absorption tray 11 adjacent to the layer of absorption trays 11 through the absorption section downcomer 12 arranged at the other side of the layer of absorption trays 11, and then make whole absorption tray 11 go up to be full of rare nitric acid to dilute nitric acid is in the mobile state always, can ensure that rare nitric acid evenly absorbs oxidation nitrogen gas, and then makes the rare nitric acid concentration of preparation even, and is efficient to the absorption of oxidation nitrogen gas.
It should be noted that, the structural arrangement of each layer of absorption tower tray 11 may be various, in order to improve the absorption efficiency, as a possible implementation manner, the absorption tower tray 11 includes a sieve plate, the surface of the sieve plate is equidistantly provided with a plurality of baffle plates 5, the baffle plates 5 are arranged so that the process water or the dilute nitric acid can be stored between two adjacent baffle plates 5 when flowing to the surface of the sieve plate, at this time, by controlling the structure of the adjacent baffle plates 5, that is, a gap is left between the two ends of one baffle plate 5 and the sieve plate, so that the process water or the dilute nitric acid flows to between the two baffle plates 5 through the gaps at the two sides, then a gap is arranged in the middle of the two adjacent baffle plates 5, so that the process water or the dilute nitric acid between the two baffle plates 5 flows out through the gap in the middle, and so on, the liquid flow manner on each layer of absorption tower tray 11 is double S-shaped double overflow, the effect of absorbing the nitrogen oxide can be better realized.
Meanwhile, a plurality of layers of oxide layer trays 21 are arranged in the oxidation reaction zone 2, and the nitrogen oxide gas is introduced onto the oxide layer trays 21 for wet oxidation, wherein the number of the oxide layer trays 21 can be 2-4, oxidation section downcomers 22 are arranged at two ends of one side of the oxide layer trays 21, and the bottom end of the secondary downcomer 13 is communicated to the topmost layer of oxide layer trays 21 in the oxidation reaction zone 2, so that at least a part of the finished nitric acid with the concentration of 65-68% generated on the bottommost layer of absorption trays 21 is communicated to the oxide layer trays 21, and the nitrogen oxide in the nitrogen oxide gas is oxidized by the finished nitric acid.
In detail, because the nitrogen oxide gas prepared by the oxidation reaction in the ammonia oxidation furnace contains the nitric oxide gas, but the nitric oxide gas can not directly react with water to generate nitric acid, the nitric oxide gas needs to be oxidized, the arrangement of the oxidation reaction zone 2 can realize the oxidation effect on the nitric oxide, a small part of the finished product nitric acid with the concentration of 65-68 percent flowing into the tower bottom liquid storage zone 3 through the absorption section downcomer 12 can be drained to the layer of oxidation layer tray 21 on the topmost side in the oxidation reaction zone 2 through the secondary downcomer 13 by arranging the secondary downcomer 13 in the middle of one side of the layer of absorption tray 11 on the bottommost side of the absorption zone 1, and the concentrated nitric acid with the concentration of more than 65 percent has the oxidizing property and can react with the nitric oxide to generate nitrogen dioxide and water, so that the nitric oxide in the nitrogen oxide gas introduced into the oxidation reaction zone 2 and the oxygen in the air introduced into the oxidation reaction zone 2 are subjected to the oxidation reaction, the specific reaction mechanism is as follows:
2NO+O2＝2NO2
the nitrogen monoxide gas is oxidized into nitrogen dioxide, and the nitrogen oxide gas also continuously rises in the oxidation process, when the nitrogen oxide gas rises to be connected with the topmost layer of oxide layer tower tray 21 in the oxidation reaction zone, a small amount of nitrogen monoxide in the nitrogen oxide gas still can carry out wet oxidation reaction on the topmost layer of oxide layer tower tray 21 at the moment, and the nitrogen monoxide can also be oxidized by finished product nitric acid, so that the oxidation degree of the nitrogen monoxide is improved, the nitrogen monoxide in the nitrogen oxide gas is greatly converted into the nitrogen dioxide, and the absorption efficiency of the oxidized nitrogen dioxide after oxidation is improved. The reserved space of the oxidation section in the oxidation reaction area 2 is also used for promoting the reaction of nitric oxide and oxygen, and meanwhile, a heat exchange coil is arranged on each layer of oxidation layer tower tray, so that the temperature can be controlled to promote the reaction.
Simultaneously, this application can directly carry out the drainage to oxidation reaction zone 2 in with the finished product nitric acid that generates in the absorption zone 1 through setting up inferior downcomer and react, and the pump goes into finished product nitric acid, and the structure sets up simply reduce cost.
In addition, it should be noted that the side wall of the absorption tower is provided with an air inlet 33 above the liquid storage area 3 at the bottom of the tower, and the air and the nitrogen oxide are introduced into the oxidation reaction area 2 through the bottom of the oxidation layer tray 21 at the bottommost side of the oxidation reaction area 2 and upwards for oxidation reaction.
By controlling the position of the gas inlet 33, the nitrogen oxide can pass through the multilayer oxide layer tray 21 layer by layer from bottom to top, and the oxidation is carried out on the oxide layer tray 21 layer by layer, so that the degree of oxidation is improved.
In order to control the amount of finished nitric acid which is introduced into the oxidation reaction zone 2, the inner diameter of the secondary downcomer 13 can be controlled, wherein the inner diameter of the secondary downcomer 13 can be 15mm-50mm, and the oxidation tray is wetted by acid with small flow of the capillary tube, so that the tray maintains a certain liquid level height, the wet oxidation is promoted, and meanwhile, the liquid seal effect can be realized to prevent gas leakage.
In one embodiment of the present application, the oxidation section downcomer 22 on the bottommost layer of the absorption tray 11 is connected to the bottom liquid storage area, in addition, since the concentration of the nitric acid generated in the wet oxidation process in the oxidation reaction area 2 is reduced, in order not to affect the concentration of the finished acid, a partition plate 4 is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the absorption tower, the bottom liquid storage area 3 is divided into a finished nitric acid storage area 31 and a low-concentration dilute nitric acid buffer area 32 by the partition plate 4, the bottom end of the absorption section downcomer 12 is connected to the finished nitric acid storage area 31, then the stored finished nitric acid is discharged from the nitric acid storage area 31, the bottom end of the oxidation section downcomer 22 is connected to the low-concentration dilute nitric acid buffer area 32, a liquid outlet pipe can be arranged at the bottom of the low-concentration dilute nitric acid buffer area 32, meanwhile, a first dilute acid liquid inlet pipe is arranged in the absorption area 1 on the side wall of the absorption tower, and a second dilute acid inlet pipe is arranged on the side wall of the absorption tower, the second dilute acid liquid inlet pipe can be arranged between the oxidation reaction zone 2 and the absorption zone 3; the first dilute acid liquid inlet pipe and the second dilute acid liquid inlet pipe are communicated with the liquid outlet pipe, so that the low-concentration dilute acid in the low-concentration dilute nitric acid buffer area 32 can be led into the absorption area 1 through the pressure pump to be used for absorbing nitrogen oxide to obtain finished nitric acid, and can be led into the oxidation reaction area 2 through the pressure pump to be carried out, meanwhile, the stability of the concentration of the finished acid can be effectively ensured through the arrangement of the finished nitric acid storage area 31 and the low-concentration dilute nitric acid buffer area 32, and the influence of the low-concentration acid on the concentration of the finished acid is prevented; and is beneficial to producing dilute nitric acid with different concentrations by one tower.
The method for improving the oxidation degree and the efficiency in the preparation process of 65-68% high-concentration dilute acid by utilizing the structure in the embodiment comprises the following steps: at least one part of 65-68% of high-concentration dilute acid generated in the absorption zone 1 of the absorption tower is led to the oxidation reaction zone 2 of the absorption tower; introducing nitrogen oxide and air into the oxidation reaction zone 2 to oxidize nitrogen oxide in the nitrogen oxide by using oxygen in the air and 65-68% of high-concentration dilute acid at the same time, so that the oxidized nitrogen oxide flows upwards to the absorption zone to be absorbed, the number of layers arranged on the oxidation tray, the number of coils of each layer of tray and the distance between trays can influence the oxidation reaction to a certain extent, the number of layers arranged on the oxidation tray, the number of coils of each layer of tray and the distance between trays can be controlled according to the requirements of the preorder process, the oxidation degree in the gas entering the absorption tower and the concentration of the finished acid to improve the oxidation reaction performance, the number of layers arranged on the oxidation tray can be set to be 1-6 layers, the number of coils on each layer of oxidation layer of tray is 2-5, and the distance between the oxidation layers and trays can be 1000-4000 mm.
In one embodiment of the present application, the specific reaction that occurs during the simultaneous oxidation of nitric oxide in nitrogen oxide by oxygen in air and the 65% -68% high concentration dilute acid is as follows:
2NO+O2＝2NO2
in addition, nitrogen oxide gas and air are introduced through the lower portion of the oxidation reaction zone 2 so that the nitrogen oxide gas and air sequentially pass through the plurality of oxide layer trays 21 in the oxidation reaction zone 2 from bottom to top.
It should be noted that, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present application includes other implementations in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present application.
In the description herein, reference to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present application, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations may be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A structure for improving the oxidation degree and the efficiency in the preparation process of 65 to 68 percent of high-concentration dilute acid is characterized by comprising an absorption tower;
the absorption tower comprises an absorption area and an oxidation reaction area from top to bottom;
the absorption zone is provided with a plurality of layers of absorption trays, a secondary downcomer is arranged on the absorption tray layer positioned at the bottommost side of the absorption zone, and the secondary downcomer leads at least a part of finished nitric acid with the concentration of 65% -68% generated on the absorption trays to the oxidation reaction zone so as to oxidize nitric oxide in the nitrogen oxide gas by using the finished nitric acid.
2. The structure for improving the oxidation degree and the efficiency in the preparation process of 65-68% of high-concentration dilute acid according to claim 1, further comprising a tower bottom liquid storage area, wherein the plurality of layers of absorption trays are provided with absorption section downcomers, and the bottom ends of the absorption section downcomers are communicated with the tower bottom liquid storage area.
3. The structure for improving the oxidation degree and the efficiency in the preparation process of 65-68% of high-concentration dilute acid according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of oxide layer trays are arranged in the oxidation reaction zone, and the secondary downcomer is communicated with the topmost oxide layer tray.
4. The structure for improving the oxidation degree and the efficiency in the preparation process of 65-68% of high-concentration dilute acid according to claim 3, wherein the side wall of the absorption tower is provided with an air inlet above the liquid storage area at the bottom of the tower, and the nitrogen oxide gas and the air are introduced into the oxidation reaction area through the oxidation layer tray at the bottommost side of the oxidation reaction area and upwards to perform the oxidation reaction.
5. The structure for improving the oxidation degree and the efficiency in the preparation process of 65-68% of high-concentration dilute acid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of the secondary downcomer is 15-50 mm.
6. The structure for improving the oxidation degree and the efficiency in the preparation process of 65-68% of high-concentration dilute acid according to claim 3, wherein an oxidation section downcomer is arranged on the oxidation layer tray, and the oxidation section downcomer on the bottom-most oxidation layer tray is communicated with the tower bottom liquid storage area.
7. A method for improving oxidation and efficiency in the production of 65% to 68% highly concentrated dilute acid using the structure of any of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
passing at least a portion of 65% -68% of the high-concentration dilute acid produced in the absorption zone of the absorber to an oxidation reaction zone of the absorber;
and introducing nitrogen oxide gas and air into the oxidation reaction zone, so that the nitrogen oxide in the nitrogen oxide gas is simultaneously oxidized by using oxygen in the air and the 65% -68% high-concentration dilute acid, and the oxidized nitrogen oxide gas flows upwards to the absorption zone for absorption.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the oxygen in the air and the 65% -68% high concentration dilute acid simultaneously oxidize the nitric oxide in the nitrogen oxide gas by the following specific reaction:
2NO+O2＝2NO2
9. the method of claim 7, wherein the nitrogen oxide gas and air are passed through the underside of the oxidation reaction zone such that the nitrogen oxide gas and air pass sequentially through a plurality of oxide layer trays in the oxidation reaction zone from bottom to top.
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| DE102020201245A1 (en) * | 2020-02-03 | 2021-08-05 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Absorption tower for a nitric acid plant and process for the production of nitric acid |
| WO2021156031A1 (en) * | 2020-02-03 | 2021-08-12 | Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions Ag | Absorption tower for a nitric acid plant method for producing nitric acid |
| CN111269127A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-06-12 | 江苏凯美普瑞工程技术有限公司 | Nitric acid purification process and device for methyl nitrite regeneration section |
| CN112279226A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-01-29 | 河南神马尼龙化工有限责任公司 | Device and method for improving quality of dilute nitric acid product |
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