CN114287314A - Preparation method of organic-inorganic compound type special garden sludge nutrient medium - Google Patents
Preparation method of organic-inorganic compound type special garden sludge nutrient medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of an organic-inorganic compound type special sludge nutrient medium for gardens, which sequentially comprises the following steps: s1, preparing materials including sludge and mushroom dregs; s2, preprocessing the materials, mixing the materials according to the weight proportion, making a plurality of component samples and numbering the component samples for later use; s3, acquiring data; simultaneously obtaining correlation parameters P and weight coefficients of the data and the component samples, S4, modeling and analyzing; s5, establishing a comprehensive membership degree evaluation model, inputting the data obtained in S3 and S4, and calculating the comprehensive membership degree; s6, outputting a preparation formula: s7, preparing a matrix; s8, adding inorganic fertilizer to obtain a substrate finished product, applying the treated sludge or sludge product to garden, green land and soil restoration and improvement, and performing volume reduction, decrement, stabilization and innocent treatment on sludge treatment greatly through sludge substrate transformation to ensure that the sludge treatment can be developed continuously.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sludge treatment, in particular to a preparation method of an organic-inorganic compound type garden special sludge nutrient medium.
Background
The sludge produced by urban sewage treatment plants is a complex mixture of components: high water content (75-99%), high organic content, easy decay, strong odor, and solid components including organic residue, bacterial thallus, inorganic particles, colloid, and flocculating agent. The sludge contains organic matters with potential utilization value, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and various trace elements, but also contains parasitic ova, pathogenic microorganisms, heavy metals such as copper, zinc, chromium and mercury, salts, polychlorinated biphenyl, dioxin, radioactive nuclide and other refractory toxic and harmful substances, and secondary pollution can be caused if the sludge is not properly treated and is randomly discharged. The mainstream domestic and overseas sludge treatment method mainly comprises the following steps: land utilization, incineration, landfill and building material utilization.
In foreign countries and developed countries, the technical route of sludge treatment is relatively mature after decades of development, and related laws, regulations and standard specifications are relatively perfect. The primary modes of european sludge disposal were land filling and land utilization. Since the 90 s in the twentieth century, the available landfill sites are less and less, the pressure of sludge treatment is greater and greater, and a large number of sludge drying and incinerating facilities are built in Europe. Because the investment and the operating cost of sludge drying incineration are high, and simultaneously, the harmful components in the sludge are gradually reduced, the sludge land utilization is paid attention again, and the sludge drying incineration method becomes an important choice of a sludge disposal scheme. The general trend in recent years is that the proportion of land utilization is higher and higher, and the european union and most of european countries support the land utilization of sludge more and more. At present, germany, uk and french produce 220, 120 and 85 million (dry weight) of sludge per year, respectively, and the proportion of land utilization as agricultural direction has reached 40%, 60% and 60%, respectively. Although the land resources are sufficient in North America regions, the sanitary landfill is less overall, the technical route of sludge treatment and disposal is mainly used for agriculture all the time, and a large amount of safety evaluation work is performed for sludge agriculture. At present, about 60 percent of 710 ten thousand tons of sludge (dry weight) produced by 16000 sewage treatment plants in the United states is treated into biosolids through anaerobic digestion or aerobic fermentation and used as farmland fertilizers. In addition, there was 17% landfill, 20% incineration, and 3% coverage for mine restoration. Due to land limitation, the main technical route of sludge treatment and disposal in Japan is mainly the utilization of building materials after incineration and is assisted by agriculture and landfill. In recent years, japan started to adjust the original technical route, and paid more attention to the use of biomass as sludge, and gradually decreased the proportion of incineration.
Land utilization has become a clear primary mode and encouragement direction for sludge disposal in the european and american countries. Land utilization mainly comprises three aspects: the fertilizer is used for agriculture as a fertilizer for crops and pastures; secondly, the fertilizer is used as a forest land and landscaping fertilizer; and thirdly, the soil is improved as a matrix for improving sandy wasteland, saline-alkali soil and waste mining areas. Due to objective factors such as transportation distance and operation difficulty, the amount of sludge used by the agricultural crops is far higher than that used by forests and soil improvement. In addition, anaerobic digestion and aerobic fermentation technologies are generally adopted in Europe and America to carry out stabilization and harmless treatment on sludge. Wherein more than 50% of the sludge is subjected to anaerobic digestion treatment. More than 700 sets of aerobic fermentation treatment facilities are additionally built in the United states. Anaerobic digestion or aerobic fermentation of the sludge provides a better basis for land utilization of the sludge, especially for agriculture.
In China, with the continuous improvement of the treatment rate of urban sewage in China, the sludge yield of urban sewage treatment plants is also increased sharply. With increasing urbanization levels and wastewater treatment volumes, it is expected that sludge volumes will soon break through 3000 million tons. According to incomplete statistics, only a small part of sludge of the current national urban sewage treatment plants is subjected to sanitary landfill, land utilization, incineration, building material utilization and the like, and the majority of sludge is not subjected to standardized treatment, so that the environmental benefit of sewage treatment facilities is greatly reduced. Along with the development of economy and the expansion of population, the land available for landfill is increasingly reduced; the incineration cost is high, and the air pollution is serious; the utilization of the building materials also has the defects of not mature technology or too small consumption and the like; as a developing country with a large population and a large country for agriculture and forestry, the land utilization (excluding agriculture) of sludge in sewage plants is a main development direction in China.
Since sludge agriculture is related to human food chain, sludge land utilization is generally referred to as sludge agriculture and heavy metal pollution, so that sludge land utilization in other modes is limited to a certain extent, sludge agriculture and other forms of land utilization are treated differently, sludge land utilization (excluding agriculture) countries are encouraged to use more land, and sludge land utilization in modes of forestry, greening, soil improvement and the like is actively promoted. On one hand, the nutrient components and trace elements in the sludge can promote the growth of trees; on the other hand, the sludge forest land greening application can not enter a food chain, so that the harm to human health can not be caused. Especially, the sludge is applied to non-densely populated areas such as forests, forest farms and the like, so that the sludge is safe, the areas of the forest lands, barren mountains and the like are large, the relative environmental capacity is also large, a large amount of sludge can be absorbed, and the forest trees can accelerate the growth of nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the sludge. The land utilization of the modes is less in direct risk to human beings compared with the sludge agriculture, and a large amount of urban domestic sludge can be consumed.
Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop a final digestion method of sludge after volume reduction, weight reduction, stabilization and harmless treatment, and apply the treated sludge or sludge products to gardens, greenbelts, soil remediation, improvement and the like, not including sludge agriculture.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the difficult problem of sludge treatment, the invention provides a preparation method of an organic-inorganic compound mixed type special sludge nutrient substrate for gardens, which is prepared from sludge, the treated sludge or sludge products are applied to gardens, greenbelts and soil restoration and improvement, so that the land utilization investment for sludge treatment is low, the energy consumption is low, the operating cost is low, organic matters can be converted into effective components of soil improvement agents, and the sludge treatment can be greatly subjected to volume reduction, decrement, stabilization and harmless treatment through sludge matriization, and can be continuously developed.
In order to solve the technical problems existing in the background technology, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of an organic-inorganic compound type garden special sludge nutrient medium sequentially comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing materials, wherein the materials comprise sludge and mushroom dregs;
s2, preprocessing materials, mixing the materials according to a weight ratio, making a plurality of component samples and numbering the component samples for later use;
s3, acquiring data, namely acquiring sample data, planting plant seeds in the sample, and acquiring biological indexes; simultaneously acquiring a correlation parameter P and a weight coefficient of the data and the component samples;
s4, modeling and analyzing; according to the magnitude of the related parameter P, carrying out quantitative modeling conversion on the data and the biological indexes through a positive or negative membership function to obtain a membership function value U;
s5, outputting the result; establishing a comprehensive membership degree evaluation model, inputting data obtained by S3 and S4, and calculating comprehensive membership degree;
s6, selecting a result; outputting a preparation formula according to the comprehensive membership threshold:
s7, preparing a substrate, namely preparing the substrate according to a preparation formula;
and S8, adding an inorganic fertilizer to obtain a finished substrate product.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound type garden special-purpose sludge nutrient medium provided by the invention, the material also comprises turf, vermiculite and perlite.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound mixed type garden special-purpose sludge nutrient medium provided by the invention, the sample data comprises physical index data and chemical index data.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound type garden special-purpose sludge nutrient medium provided by the invention, the biological index is the germination rate of seeds.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound mixed type garden special-purpose sludge nutrient medium provided by the invention, the biological index further comprises a plant root index, and the root index is the length of the longest living root of the plant drilled into the soil.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound type garden special-purpose sludge nutrient medium provided by the invention, the relevant parameter P is defined as follows:
the correlation between the formulation components and the physical, chemical and biological properties of the matrix notes: "+" and "-" indicate positive and negative correlations between the components and the attributes, respectively;
", and", indicate that Pearson correlation analysis results were at significant (P < 0.05) and very significant levels (P < 0.01), respectively.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound type garden special-purpose sludge nutrient medium provided by the invention, the calculation method of the membership function value U is as follows:
U (X i ) = (X i -X min )/X max -X min （5-1）
U (Xi) = 1- (X i -X min )/X max -X min （5-2）
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,U (X i ) is a membership function value;X i a measured value that is an index;X max andX min are respectively indicatedMaximum and minimum values within a certain index.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound type garden special-purpose sludge nutrient medium provided by the invention, the comprehensive membership calculation method comprises the following steps: taking the content of each formula as x: the sludge, the mushroom residue, the grass carbon and the vermiculite-perlite correspond to x respectively1、x2、x3And x4And taking the comprehensive membership degree as y, and obtaining a regression equation by simulation as follows:
y =0.61x1+0.81x2+0.68x3+0.62x4-0.11x1*x2-0.063x1*x3+0.037x1*x4+0.18x2*x3-0.23x2*x4+0.020x3*x4correlation coefficient R of the model2=0.882，P<0.01。
Preferably, in the preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound type garden special-purpose sludge nutrient medium provided by the invention, the comprehensive membership threshold is more than or equal to 0.8.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound type garden special-purpose sludge nutrient medium, the formula proportion is 50% of sludge, 41.6% -44.5% of mushroom residue, 5.5% -7.4% of turf and 0.0% -1.0% of vermiculite-perlite.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a preparation method of an organic-inorganic compound type special sludge nutrient medium for gardens and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method has the following advantages:
1. the sludge or the sludge product treated by the method is applied to gardens, greenbelts, soil restoration, improvement and the like, does not comprise sludge agriculture, and enlarges the sludge disposal range.
2. The sludge or the sludge product after treatment is applied to garden, green land, soil restoration and improvement and the like, has stable property, and can meet various requirements of physical, chemical and biological indexes of garden, green land and soil restoration.
3. The treated sludge or sludge products are applied to gardens, greenbelts and soil restoration and improvement, so that the sludge treatment land has the advantages of low investment, low energy consumption and low operating cost, wherein organic matters can be converted into effective components of the soil conditioner, and the sludge treatment can be carried out by volume reduction, stabilization and harmless treatment through sludge matriization, and can be continuously developed.
4. The preparation method provided by the invention can be used for quantitatively modeling the relation dispersed among all index data through a mathematical model and obtaining the optimal result, so that the accuracy of the matrix formula can be greatly improved.
5. The preparation method of the invention quantitatively models the relation dispersed among all index data through mathematical modeling and obtains the optimal result through a mathematical model, and simultaneously provides an optimal and extensible stable analysis method for the formula, thereby greatly reducing the times and the repeated labor of sludge treatment experiments, reducing the cost of early-stage performance experiments in the sludge treatment process, more rapidly pushing the sludge to various application occasions and providing the sludge substrate finished product with the optimal formula for the sludge.
6. The porosity of the compound matrix provided by the invention is relatively perfect, and the gas exchange in soil can be ensured; the supporting degree of the plants is obvious, the hardening phenomenon of the conventional sludge is avoided, and the problem of conventional sludge utilization is solved. Meanwhile, the effective supply of water and nutrients is met, and the growth requirement of green plants is met. Can be converted into high-quality mellow soil after being used for 1 to 2 years.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the correlation between the formulation components and the physical, chemical and biological properties of the matrix.
FIG. 2 is a comprehensive evaluation chart a of different matrix formulations.
FIG. 3 is a comprehensive evaluation chart b of different matrix formulations.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the distribution of comprehensive membership degree of a matrix according to the ratio of each component.
Description of the labeling:
in fig. 1: the correlation between the formulation components and the physical, chemical and biological properties of the matrix notes: "+" and "-" indicate positive and negative correlations between the components and the attributes, respectively; ", and", indicate that Pearson correlation analysis results were at significant (P < 0.05) and very significant levels (P < 0.01), respectively.
In fig. 4: a, B, C and D respectively represent the proportion of sludge, mushroom residue, turf and vermiculite-perlite. (a) And (b), (c) and (d) are distribution graphs of the comprehensive membership degree of the matrix changing along with the proportion of other 3 components when the proportion of the sludge is 50%, the proportion of the mushroom residue is 43.3%, the proportion of the turf is 6.7% and the proportion of the perlite is 0.0%, respectively.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to examples.
Example 1
Research materials and methods
1.1 test materials
The dewatered sludge as the main material for the test is provided by Hangzhou national Tai environmental protection science and technology GmbH. According to the research and development requirements of a matrix formula and the principle of 'waste resource utilization', low-cost agricultural production waste is selected first, the physical properties of sludge are combined, mushroom residue, wheat husk and turf with high organic matter content are selected for adjusting the organic matter content of the matrix of the sludge formula in a comprehensive consideration test, vermiculite and perlite are selected for adjusting the physical structure and properties of the matrix of the sludge formula, and a mechanical compound formula design test is carried out. Mushroom dregs and wheat husks adopt edible fungus subjects of gardening of an agricultural academy, turf is commercially available northeast turf, vermiculite and perlite, and sand is a commercially available conventional material.
The dewatered sludge and the marsh mud are provided by Hangzhou national Tai environmental protection science and technology GmbH, the straws are rice straws planted in a Xinning test base of a farm hospital, and are crushed for standby, and the perlite is sold in the conventional market.
1.2 design of the experiment
The research and development of matrix formula and the experimental design are carried out by adopting mixed materialsExtreme vertex designs in the design. Considering the requirements of substrate production and practical application, the types of the added auxiliary materials of the substrate formula are controlled to be less than three, the similar auxiliary materials are respectively added, 30 substrate formulas are designed in total, and each label X in the formulas1，X2，X3-1，X3-2，X4-1And X4-2Respectively representing the volume fractions of sludge, mushroom residue, wheat husk, turf, vermiculite-perlite (volume ratio of 1: 1) and sand.
1.3 test parameters and methods
1.3.1 physical property indexes: volume weight, porosity, water content;
the volume weight and porosity index tests of the sludge and the sludge formula matrix adopt a cutting ring weight method in a vegetable seedling matrix (NY/T2118-2012) standard, and the water content determination adopts a weight method in a sludge inspection method (CJ/T221-2005) standard of an urban sewage treatment plant. Five replicates were set up for each assay sample in the test run.
Chemical property indexes are as follows: organic matter, pH, total N, fast-acting NPK, EC;
the pH and quick-acting NPK of the sludge and the sludge formula matrix adopt related methods in the sludge inspection method (CJ/T221-. Three replicates were set up for each assay sample in the test run. Each set of experiments was set up with 3 standards and 3 blanks.
Biological parameters: index of germination of seeds
The seed germination index of the sludge and the sludge formula matrix is determined by adopting a seed germination index testing method in the standard of sludge quality (GB/T23486-.
Safety indexes are as follows: heavy metal content
The determination of the heavy metals in the sludge and the sludge formula matrix adopts a related method in the sludge inspection method (CJ/T221-2005) standard of the urban sewage treatment plant.
Three replicates were set up for each assay sample in the assay. Each set of experiments was set up with 3 standards and 3 blanks.
Second, matrix formulation modeling analysis
The substrate is a carrier for plant growth, has the functions of supporting anchoring crops, supplying nutrients, preserving water, preserving fertilizer and the like, and the functions of the substrate are closely related to the physicochemical properties of the substrate. For proper plant growth, it is desirable that the substrate should have four characteristics:
(1) ensuring gas exchange;
(2) providing support for the plant;
(3) supplying moisture;
(4) supplying nutrients.
These characteristics are determined by the physical and chemical properties of the matrix itself. Aiming at the characteristic requirements of the four aspects, the determination of more than 10 indexes such as volume weight, porosity, water content, pH value, EC value, organic matter, NPK, heavy metal index, seed germination index and the like of the matrix is determined through experiments. Test results of physicochemical properties of the substrate, which are commonly used for judging the growth condition of the substrate, are summarized and analyzed, and the sludge substrate formula is comprehensively evaluated, so that the optimal sludge substrate formula is preliminarily determined.
2.1 physical Property analysis
The physical properties of 30 matrixes with different formulations are designed and measured, including volume weight, air permeability porosity, water retention porosity and total porosity.
The volume weight is the basic physical property of the matrix, reflects the loose and compact degree of the matrix, directly influences the water storage and ventilation of the matrix, and indirectly influences the fertility of the matrix and the growth condition of subsequent plants.
If the volume weight is too large, the matrix is too compact, the air permeability and the water permeability are poor, and the growth of plants is not facilitated; if the volume weight is too small, the matrix is loose, the air permeability is good, the root system is favorable for extending, but the root system is not easy to fix, and the plant is easy to fall down. The volume weight of the general matrix is 0.1-0.8 g cm-3The range is preferable.
The volume weight difference between different formulas is significant (P<0.01). Wherein, the formula is as follows: sludge treatment50 percent of wheat husk and the volume weight of the formula of 50 percent of wheat husk are the minimum and are 0.37 g m-3Correspondingly, in a better volume weight range; the formula is 50 percent of sludge and 50 percent of sand, and the maximum volume weight of the formula is 1.19 g m-3It is not favorable for plant growth.
The Pearson correlation analysis results show that the basis weight is in positive correlation with the ratio of sludge, vermiculite-perlite and sand, wherein the correlation with sand is very significant (R =0.848,P<0.001) and not significantly inversely related to the ratio of mushroom dregs, wheat husks and turf. This may be related to the organic content of each substrate formulation, generally speaking the higher the organic content, the lower the bulk weight, which is also consistent with the experimentally measured organic results for the substrate formulation. The results show that the formula proportion of the sand in the matrix is an important factor influencing the volume weight of the matrix, and the mixing proportion of the sand needs to be strictly controlled in order to prepare the matrix with better volume weight.
2.1.2 porosity
The porosity of the matrix mainly relates to the total porosity, water retention pores, ventilation pores and the like. The total porosity reflects the porosity of the substrate, the greater the total porosity, the more air and water the substrate holds, which favors root growth, but the less effective the root anchors the plant. The water holding porosity refers to a gap occupied by water kept in soil after gravity water is removed from saturated soil, and the water kept by the water holding porosity is also called field water holding capacity and is a measure of the water holding capacity or water supply capacity of the soil. The ventilation gap refers to a soil gap after the gravity drainage of the saturated soil stops, is a soil drainage channel, and also provides favorable conditions for the extension of plant roots.
2.1.2.1 total porosity
The total porosity is the sum of the air permeability porosity and the water holding porosity.
Generally, the bulk weight of the soil is low and the total porosity tends to be high. As can be seen from fig. 2, the total porosity of formula 2 was about 70% at the maximum, while the total porosity of formula 5 was only 43% at the minimum in the test, which is consistent with the volume weight measurement results. The correlation analysis between the total porosity of the matrix and the proportions of the formulas shows that the proportion of the mushroom residues, the wheat husks and the turf is in a positive correlation with the total porosity of the matrix, the proportion of the sludge, the perlite, the vermiculite and the sand is in a negative correlation, and the correlation between the proportion of the sand and the total porosity is in a very significant level (R = -0.824, P is less than 0.001), which indicates that the influence of the addition of the sand on the total porosity of the matrix is significant, and the proportion of the sand should be reduced as much as possible during mixing. The total porosity of most sludge formula matrixes is over 60 percent, and the formulas falling in the interval should be selected preferentially in the formula configuration test.
2.1.2.2 porosity for water holding
Treatments with water holding porosities exceeding 50% are all formulations with higher sludge content and lower sand content, and statistical analysis also shows that the matrix water holding porosity is significantly inversely related to the sand content (R = -0.763,P= 0.006), and shows a positive correlation with the sludge content (R =0.201,P= 0.287). The formula 3 with the largest water-holding porosity is more than 57%, the formula 5 with the smallest water-holding porosity is only about 35%, and the formula with the water-holding porosity of more than 50% should be preferably selected in the formula configuration test.
2.1.2.3 porosity of vent
The air porosity of the matrixes with different formulas is obviously different. Wherein, the maximum air porosity of formula 2 is 23.98%, while the minimum air porosity of formula 24 is only 5.98%, corresponding to 80% of sludge, 6.7% of mushroom dregs, 6.7% of wheat husk and 6.7% of sand. Pearson correlation analysis showed that matrix aeration porosity was correlated with mushroom residue (R =0.478,P= 0.045), wheat husk (R =0.699,P= 0.017) and the proportions of the components and the sludge, the grass peat, the vermiculite-perlite and the sand are all in a negative correlation. The air porosity should be preferably more than 10% in the formulation configuration test. The mushroom residue and the wheat husk are auxiliary materials which can be considered preferentially, and the sand is not suitable for the preparation of the formula matrix of the dewatered sludge.
2.2 chemical Property analysis
The chemical property indexes of 30 different formula matrixes in the test comprise detection results of pH, conductivity, organic matters and nutrient content.
2.2.1 pH value
The pH value of the matrix is the negative logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ions in the matrix solution, and the pH values in different matrixes are different. The pH value in the matrix is mainly influenced by the composition of matrix materials and later water and fertilizer management. The pH value of the medium is generally required to be relatively stable, and the fluctuation can occur in the early stage of use, but the fluctuation range is not required to be too large, otherwise, the effectiveness of nutrients in the medium and the growth and development of plants can be influenced. During the growth of plants, if the supply of trace elements is proper, the plants can maintain normal growth within a certain pH range. Sludge quality for landscaping in sludge disposal in urban sewage treatment plants (GBT 23486-2009) requires pH for landscaping of sludge: in acid soil, the pH value of sludge needs to be 6.5-8.5; for neutral and alkaline soil, the pH value is 5.5-7.8. The pH value of the matrix treated in different ways in the test ranges from 6.87 to 7.66, and the requirement in the standard of sludge quality for treating sludge in urban sewage treatment plants and landscaping (GBT 23486-2009) is met.
2.2.2 conductivity (EC)
The EC value of the conductivity of the matrix reflects the content of soluble salt in the matrix, and directly influences the balance of the nutrient solution. In order to avoid damage to plants during sludge landscaping, the EC value of surrounding soil is preferably less than 1 mS cm for the root system of plants in salinity-sensitive land after sludge is applied to green land-1. The EC value of the sludge per se is higher (5.18 mS cm)-1) After the fertilizer is directly applied to soil, the fertilizer is not beneficial to the growth of plants and is one of limiting factors for the utilization of sludge in a matrix manner.
The test results of the test on the conductivity (EC) of the matrix show that the conductivity of the formula 2 is the highest and reaches 19.61 mS cm-1Because certain chemical and biological reactions occur in the equal-volume mixing process of the wheat husks and the sludge, the content of soluble salts in the wheat husks and the sludge is increased. Besides, the conductivity of other formula matrixes is 2.13-5.17 mS cm-1In the range, compared with the sludge, the EC value of the sludge is reduced to a certain degree, and the indication shows that the proper addition of the auxiliary materials can effectively reduce the adverse effect of the sludge directly applied to the soil on the growth of plants. However, overall the decrease in EC values for most formulation bases is not significant and may requireThe EC value of the sludge raw material is reduced by considering the adjustment of source process parameters. Generally, it is considered that the content of the chloride ions in the matrix is too high to generate obvious inhibition effect on the growth of plants, so that the concentration of the chloride ions can be measured, the contribution value of the conductance is determined to be derived from the chloride ions, and a planting test is carried out for verification.
2.2.3 organic and nutrient content
The organic matter content of the formula substrates treated differently in the test was significantly different, mainly due to the large difference in organic matter content of the raw materials of the formula of the substrates. The formula 1 (mushroom residue content is 50%) and the formula 2 (wheat husk content is 50%) with higher organic matter content have higher mushroom residue or/and wheat husk content. The formula group with low organic matter content has high sand content, such as formula 5 and formula 10, wherein the organic matter content is respectively 2.93 percent and 6.49 percent, and the formula comprises 50 percent of sludge and 50 percent of sand; 80% of sludge and 20% of sand. The correlation analysis results show that the organic content of the matrix shows a positive correlation with the contents of mushroom residue, wheat husk and turf, wherein with mushroom residue (R =0.424,P= 0.019) and wheat husks (R =0.459,P= 0.048) is a significant positive correlation; and exhibits an inverse correlation with sludge, vermiculite-perlite and sand, where the correlation with vermiculite-perlite (R = -0.586,P= 0.008) and sand are significantly negatively correlated (R = -0.864,P<0.001) (fig. 1), showing that the specific gravity of the mushroom dregs, the wheat husks, the vermiculite-perlite and the sand is changed when the matrix is selected, so that the change of the organic matter content of the matrix is greatly influenced, and the physical properties such as the volume weight, the porosity and the like of the matrix are further influenced.
After the auxiliary materials are added, the organic matter content of the formulas 1, 2, 3, 11 and 17 is consistent with that of the sludge for sludge disposal and landscaping in urban sewage treatment plants (GBT 23486-2009) which is more than 25%, the organic matter content of the sludge is possibly related to that of the sludge which is low and is only 10.94%, and the proportion of mushroom residues and wheat hulls can be properly increased in the subsequent formula, or a certain amount of organic fertilizer is directly added to improve the organic matter content of the whole formula.
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are essential nutrient components for plant growth. In the matrixes with different formulas, the groups with higher total nitrogen content appear in the formula groups 1, 2, 7, 11, 15 and 19, the total nitrogen content is 1.34-1.68%, and the formula groups are mainly characterized by comprising sludge, mushroom residues or/and wheat husks in a certain proportion. In comparison, formulation 5 had the lowest total nitrogen content of only 0.34%, with 50% sludge and 50% sand. 1, 6, 7, 11 and 23 in the formula with higher total phosphorus content, the content is more than 5.0 percent, and the formulas contain a certain amount of sludge, mushroom dregs or/and wheat husks and do not contain sand; similar to the total nitrogen results, the lowest level was also found in formulation 5 (50% each for sludge and sand), which was only 1.36%. The formulations with higher total potassium content were 1, 4, 13, 19 and 21, all above 1.30%, and none of these formulations contained sand. The formulations with the lowest total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content were found in formulation 5 (50% for each sludge and sand). The correlation analysis result shows that the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in the formula are in a very significant negative correlation (P < 0.001) with the proportion of sand, the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus are simultaneously in a significant negative correlation with the proportion of vermiculite-perlite, but the content of total potassium is in a positive correlation with the proportion of vermiculite-perlite. Therefore, the ratio of the two formulations should be controlled at a lower level in consideration of the influence on the substrate nutrients in the subsequent formulation optimization.
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are essential nutrient components for plant growth. The total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the matrixes with different formulas are different to a certain extent, and the variation ranges are respectively 6.95-10.30 g kg-1、4.08~16.41 g kg-1And 0.44% -3.36%. Wherein, the substrates with the highest content are respectively formula 4 (80% of sludge and 20% of straws), formula 6 (80% of sludge and 20% of perlite) and formula 11 (65% of sludge, 17.5% of straws and 17.5% of biogas slurry). The substrates with the lowest total nitrogen and potassium contents are both formula 2 (50% of sludge and 50% of biogas slurry), and the substrate with the lowest total phosphorus content is formula 4 (80% of sludge and 20% of straws). The correlation analysis result indicates that the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the substrate and the proportion of the sludge in the substrate are in positive correlation, wherein the correlation between the total nitrogen content and the proportion of the sludge is significant (R =0.6334,P= 0.027), indicating that an increase in the proportion of sludge in the matrix is beneficial for the nutrient conservation of the matrix. On the contrary, the proportion of the marsh mud in the substrate and the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the substrate are in negative correlationWhich shows a very significant negative correlation with the total nitrogen content of the substrate (R = -0.796,P= 0.002) indicates that the addition of biogas slurry will reduce the nutrient content of the substrate, especially the total nitrogen of the substrate, to some extent. Other formulations had relatively little effect on the nutrient content of the substrate and no significant correlation was found. All the formula substrates in the test meet the requirement (more than or equal to 3%) on the nutrient content of the substrates in sludge disposal and landscaping for municipal wastewater treatment plants (GBT 23486-2009).
2.2.4 heavy Metal content
The exceeding of heavy metals in the sludge is an important factor for limiting the resource utilization of the sludge, and the landscaping utilization is an important way for solving the defect. Referring to the 2009 mud environment evaluation standard for landscaping, the heavy metal content of each formula matrix in the test does not exceed the standard. In each treatment, the highest contents of Cr and Ni appear in formula 4 (sludge and vermiculite-perlite are 50 percent respectively), and are 45.48 mg kg-1 and 42.04 mg kg-1 respectively; the highest contents of Cu, Zn and Cd appeared in formulation 9 (80% sludge and 20% vermiculite-perlite); the highest contents of Pb, As and Hg appear in formulation 8 (80% sludge and 20% peat), but all well below the limit levels.
2.3 biological parameters
The germination index of the seeds is an important index commonly used in scientific research works at home and abroad for representing the biological toxicity of fertilizers or organic wastes and the organic wastes or after certain treatment, is an extremely important parameter for measuring the compost maturity, and is the primary basis for judging whether the mechanical mixed matrix of the dewatered sludge can be recycled in the research. In the research, if a certain compound matrix formula is measured to find that the germination index of the seeds is too low, the formula is directly judged to be not suitable for use. Sludge for landscaping of sludge disposal in urban sewage treatment plants (GB/T23486-2009) clearly stipulates that fresh sludge and treated sludge for landscaping need to meet the requirement that the germination index of plant seeds is more than 70%.
The results of the measurement of the germination indexes of the seeds of different substrate formulas show that the other formula groups meet the corresponding standards except that the germination indexes of the seeds of the formula groups 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 15 and 25 are lower than 70%. Wherein, the germination indexes of the seeds of the formulas 30, 29 and 11 are the highest and are 102.1-119.6, and the corresponding substrates are 65% of sludge, 11.7% of mushroom residue, 11.7% of grass carbon and 11.7% of sand 0 respectively; 65% of sludge, 11.7% of mushroom residue, 11.7% of grass carbon and 11.7% of perlite-vermiculite; 65% of sludge, 17.5% of mushroom residue and 17.5% of wheat husk.
Pearson correlation analysis results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between the wheat hull content and the germination index of the seeds (R = -0.733,P= 0.010) (fig. 1). It is indicated that the wheat husk content in the matrix formulation is not suitable to be high.
The test uses pure water as a control (the germination index of the seeds is 1), and the water content is a main determinant factor of the germination rate of the seeds in the initial germination stage of the seeds. The growth time of the root system of the seed is short, and the difference is not large, so that the germination indexes of the seeds of the treatment group with relatively low content of toxic and harmful substances are similar to those of the control group. When the total number of germinated seeds tends to be stable (i.e., the germination rate of the seeds does not change) by prolonging the culture time, the length of the root system of the seeds becomes a determining factor of the germination index of the seeds. The higher nutrient content in the compounded sludge formulation matrix than in the control may result in longer root length of the treated group than in the control, and therefore results with a seed germination index >100% are obtained in the calculation. In general, all formulation groups except formulation group 2 can meet the requirements. The biological toxicity of the dewatered sludge is not high from the perspective of the germination index, and the stabilization and the harmlessness of the sludge are basically realized to a certain extent, so that the dewatered sludge is suitable for being used as a substrate. While formulation group 2 may be due to the negative effect of too high conductivity (about 19.61) on seed growth, it is not advisable to use as a basis.
2.4 comprehensive modeling evaluation
2.4.1 comprehensive evaluation results of matrix formulation test
Based on the analysis of the test results of the physical, chemical and biological properties of the different formula substrates in the test, it can be known that there is a correlation between the different properties of the substrates and the different formula components.
In the process of mixing, the proportion of the sludge is not too high, otherwise, the physical and biological properties of the matrix are adversely affected except the positive effect on the nutrient content; but can properly adjust the proportion of the mushroom residues, obviously improve the chemical and biological properties of the matrix, including increasing the content of matrix organic matters and improving the germination rate of seeds, and simultaneously has positive control effects on other physical and chemical properties. Compared with turf, the wheat husk can also improve the porosity of the matrix and obviously increase the organic content of the matrix, but can also obviously increase the conductivity of the matrix and cause the germination rate of seeds to be obviously reduced. Therefore, peat is probably more suitable as one of the adjuvants than wheat husks. Comparing the influence of vermiculite-perlite and sand on various properties of the matrix, the negative influence of sand on the physical, chemical and biological shapes of the matrix is far greater than that of vermiculite-perlite, and meanwhile, the content of the total potassium of the matrix can be obviously increased by adding the vermiculite-perlite. Therefore, the vermiculite-perlite can be used as one of auxiliary materials in the subsequent formula optimization to assist in improving the physical and chemical properties of the matrix.
As noted in the correlation between the formulation components and the physical, chemical and biological properties of the matrix in FIG. 1: "+" and "-" indicate positive and negative correlations between the components and the attributes, respectively; ", and", indicate that Pearson correlation analysis results were at significant (P < 0.05) and very significant levels (P < 0.01), respectively.
Therefore, in the process of comprehensively evaluating the test matrix formula, the selection principle of the evaluation indexes is mainly based on the following consideration: 1) after application, the fertilizer has important influence on the physical and chemical properties of soil; 2) after application, it has important influence on the growth of crops. All the heavy metal contents measured in the test are in a safe range, so that the heavy metal content index of the matrix is not included in the evaluation range of the formula of the compound matrix. Based on this, the evaluation indexes of the compound mixed matrix formula finally selected by the patent comprise: 1) physical indexes include conductivity, volume weight, air permeability porosity, water retention porosity and total porosity; 2) the chemical indexes are organic matter, total nitrogen and quick-acting potassium content; 3) the biological index is the germination index of the seeds.
The comprehensive evaluation of the matrix formula adopts a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. If a certain index is positively correlated with the comprehensive evaluation result, performing quantitative conversion by adopting a positive membership function as shown in a formula 5-1; if one index is negatively correlated with the comprehensive evaluation result, the inverse membership function is adopted for quantitative conversion, as shown in the formula 5-2.
U (X i ) = (X i -X min )/X max -X min （5-1）。
U (Xi) = 1- (X i -X min )/X max -X min （5-2）。
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,U (X i ) is a membership function value;X i a measured value that is an index;X max andX min respectively, a maximum value and a minimum value within a certain index.
By adopting the evaluation indexes and the evaluation methods, the membership degree results of the matrix formula properties of different treatments are obtained, as shown in fig. 2 and 3. The result shows that the comprehensive membership degree of the formula 1 (50 percent of each sludge and mushroom residue) is the highest and reaches 0.812, while the comprehensive membership degree of the formula 5 is the lowest and is only 0.19, which shows that the comprehensive character of the formula 1 is the best; while formulation 5 (50% each of sludge and sand) had the worst overall traits and the lowest availability. The formula with the comprehensive membership degree of more than 0.70 comprises the following components: formulations 19, 21, 11 and 12, with the respective base ratios: 50% of sludge, 16.7% of mushroom residue, 16.7% of wheat husk and 16.7% of vermiculite-perlite; 50% of sludge, 16.7% of mushroom residue, 16.7% of grass carbon and 16.7% of vermiculite-perlite; 65% of sludge, 17.5% of mushroom residue and 17.5% of wheat husk; 65% of sludge, 17.5% of grass peat and 17.5% of wheat husks. Indicating that these formulations all have some usefulness. The formula with the comprehensive membership degree of less than or equal to 0.50 contains sand in different proportions except for a certain proportion of sludge.
By combining the analysis and evaluation results, the addition of the mushroom residues can effectively improve the air permeability porosity of the sludge, obviously improve the content of organic matters and nutrient quick-acting potassium, has no obvious influence on the conductivity, heavy metals and the like, and can be used as a main substrate formula raw material. Although the addition of the wheat husks can obviously improve the content of organic matters, reduce the volume weight and increase the ventilation porosity and the total porosity, the negative effects on the sludge conductivity and the seed germination rate are large. The addition of sand can significantly reduce the comprehensive performance of the matrix, and is not suitable for being used as a formula raw material.
Based on the method, sludge, mushroom dregs, turf and vermiculite-perlite are selected as different treatment raw materials of the matrix and deep analysis is carried out. Taking the contents of all the formulas as x (the sludge, the mushroom residue, the turf and the vermiculite-perlite respectively correspond to x)1、x2、x3And x4) And taking the comprehensive membership degree as y, and obtaining a regression equation by simulation as follows:
y=0.61x1+0.81x2+0.68x3+0.62x4-0.11x1*x2-0.063x1*x3+0.037x1*x4+0.18x2*x3-0.23x2*x4+0.020x3*x4correlation coefficient R of the model2=0.882，P<0.01. In the model optimization process, 0.01 is taken as a step length, and x is more than or equal to 0.501≤1.0，0 ≤x2≤0.50，0 ≤x3≤0.50，0 ≤x4The calculation is carried out in the formula range of less than or equal to 0.50, so that the comprehensive character is inversely related to the proportion of the sludge and the vermiculite-perlite, and is positively related to the mushroom residues, and the influence of the turf proportion is relatively weak. In addition, when the proportion of the mushroom residues is more than 40%, the comprehensive properties of the matrix are better. The proportion of the formula is 50 percent of sludge, 41.6 to 44.5 percent of mushroom residue, 5.5 to 7.4 percent of grass carbon and 0.0 to 1.0 percent of vermiculite-perlite, and the corresponding comprehensive membership degree is more than 0.80. Based on this, it is suggested to control the formulation ratio within the above range according to the actual situation during the production application.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto, and variations and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound type garden special sludge nutrient medium is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing materials, wherein the materials comprise sludge and mushroom dregs;
s2, pretreating the materials, mixing the materials according to the weight proportion, making a plurality of component samples and numbering the component samples for later use;
s3, acquiring data, namely acquiring sample data, planting plant seeds in the sample, and acquiring biological indexes; simultaneously acquiring a correlation parameter P and a weight coefficient of the data and the component samples;
s4, modeling and analyzing; according to the magnitude of the related parameter P, carrying out quantitative modeling conversion on the data and the biological indexes through a positive or negative membership function to obtain a membership function value U;
s5, outputting the result; establishing a comprehensive membership degree evaluation model, inputting data obtained by S3 and S4, and calculating comprehensive membership degree;
s6, selecting a result; outputting a preparation formula according to the comprehensive membership threshold:
s7, preparing a substrate, namely preparing the substrate according to a preparation formula;
and S8, adding an inorganic fertilizer to obtain a finished substrate product.
2. The preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound mixed type garden special-purpose sludge nutrient medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material further comprises peat, vermiculite and perlite.
3. The method for preparing the organic-inorganic compound type garden special-purpose sludge nutrient medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sample data includes physical index data and chemical index data.
4. The method for preparing the organic-inorganic compound type garden special-purpose sludge nutrient medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biological index is a seed germination rate.
5. The method for preparing the organic-inorganic compound mixed type garden special-purpose sludge nutrient medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biological indicators further include a plant root indicator, and the root indicator is the length of the longest living root of the plant drilled into the soil.
6. The preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound type garden special-purpose sludge nutrient medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: the relevance parameter P is defined as follows:
the correlation between the formulation components and the physical, chemical and biological properties of the matrix notes: "+" and "-" indicate positive and negative correlations between the components and the attributes, respectively;
"x" and "x" indicate that Pearson correlation analysis results were significant, respectively: p <0.05, and very significant levels: p < 0.01.
7. The preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound type garden special-purpose sludge nutrient medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: the calculation method of the membership function value U comprises the following steps:
U (X i ) = (X i -X min )/X max -X min （5-1）
U (Xi) = 1- (X i -X min )/X max -X min （5-2）
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,U (X i ) is a membership function value;X i a measured value that is an index;X max andX min respectively, a maximum value and a minimum value within a certain index.
8. The preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound type garden special-purpose sludge nutrient medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: the comprehensive membership calculation method comprises the following steps: taking the content of each formula as x: the sludge, the mushroom residue, the grass carbon and the vermiculite-perlite correspond to x respectively1、x2、x3And x4And taking the comprehensive membership degree as y, and obtaining a regression equation by simulation as follows:
y=0.61x1+0.81x2+0.68x3+0.62x4-0.11x1*x2-0.063x1*x3+0.037x1*x4+0.18x2*x3-0.23x2*x4+0.020x3*x4correlation coefficient R of the model2=0.882，P<0.01。
9. The preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound type garden special-purpose sludge nutrient medium according to claim 8, characterized in that: and the comprehensive membership threshold is more than or equal to 0.8.
10. The preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound type garden special-purpose sludge nutrient medium according to claim 9, characterized in that: the formula comprises 50% of sludge, 41.6-44.5% of mushroom residue, 5.5-7.4% of grass carbon and 0.0-1.0% of vermiculite-perlite.
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