CN114285025B - Diesel-storage combined uninterrupted maintenance operation method based on mobile energy storage - Google Patents
Diesel-storage combined uninterrupted maintenance operation method based on mobile energy storage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114285025B CN114285025B CN202111327698.4A CN202111327698A CN114285025B CN 114285025 B CN114285025 B CN 114285025B CN 202111327698 A CN202111327698 A CN 202111327698A CN 114285025 B CN114285025 B CN 114285025B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- energy storage
- power supply
- storage system
- soc
- diesel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a diesel-storage combined uninterrupted maintenance operation method based on mobile energy storage. In order to overcome the problems of insufficient capacity of a power supply vehicle powered by a power supply vehicle in the prior art, the invention adopts the cooperation of the mobile energy storage power supply system and the diesel power generation vehicle, the mobile energy storage power supply system is preferentially used for supplying power to the load, when the electric quantity of the mobile energy storage system is insufficient, the diesel power generation vehicle is powered by an access network of the diesel power generation vehicle, meanwhile, the diesel power generation vehicle charges the mobile energy storage system, and when the electric quantity of the diesel power generation vehicle is insufficient or the electric quantity of the mobile energy storage system is full, the mobile energy storage power supply system is used for supplying power, and based on the mobile energy storage power supply system, seamless switching from grid-connected power supply to off-grid power supply of an important load in uninterrupted and non-perception switching can be realized; the problem of short endurance time of the mobile energy storage power supply system in long-time uninterrupted maintenance operation is solved; the service time of the diesel generator car is greatly reduced, and the problems of large noise, serious pollution and the like of the diesel generator car are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a non-outage overhaul method, in particular to a diesel-storage combined non-outage overhaul operation method based on mobile energy storage.
Background
Along with the economic development and the improvement of the living standard of people, the requirements of users on the power supply reliability are also higher and higher. To improve the power supply reliability, power outage must be reduced, and power distribution uninterrupted operation is the most direct and effective measure for improving the power supply reliability, and the power distribution operation mode has been changed from a power outage operation to a mode mainly comprising power outage operation and further comprising live operation to uninterrupted operation.
The mobile energy storage system has become an effective means for solving the problems due to the characteristics of modularization, high response speed, high conversion efficiency, seamless off-grid switching function, flexible and controllable functions and quick and movable performance. However, for the long-time uninterrupted maintenance operation power supply requirement, the power supply time of the mobile energy storage system is limited, so that the diesel storage combined uninterrupted operation technology capable of carrying out the long-time uninterrupted maintenance operation correspondingly appears, when the power supply of the energy storage vehicle is insufficient, the diesel generator is utilized to carry out short-term alternative power supply operation, and the power supply is carried out simultaneously to quickly supplement the power for the mobile energy storage power supply system, the system power is supplemented, namely, the diesel generator vehicle is withdrawn, the power supply load of the mobile energy storage power supply system with higher power supply quality is supplied, and the problem that the duration of the mobile energy storage power supply system is short in uninterrupted maintenance operation is solved. Although the mobile energy storage system has excellent output electric energy quality, the power supply time is limited, and the long-time operation requirement of the load is difficult to ensure; the large diesel generator can only continuously output power for 8 hours, the power supply quality of the unit is poor, and the power supply voltage and the frequency of the diesel generator are fluctuated when the load is fluctuated, so that the normal operation of the load is influenced. In addition, the maintenance time of the urban power distribution room often exceeds 8 hours, and in order to ensure long-time uninterrupted power supply of loads, a mode of combined operation of the mobile energy storage system and the diesel generator is adopted, so that the network point power quality problem can be rapidly identified, and when power supply of the diesel generator set fluctuates, the power supply can be seamlessly switched to the mobile energy storage system to supply power. Meanwhile, the problem of power supply characteristics of the diesel generator is considered, a smooth load transferring mode is adopted when the mobile energy storage system transfers to diesel generation power supply, voltage fluctuation of the generator set is further reduced, and frequent switching of diesel generation and power supply of the mobile energy storage system is effectively avoided.
The utility model discloses a "a supply vehicle parallel operation and a plurality of grid-connected systems and operation method thereof" on Chinese patent literature, its bulletin number CN111064222A, its system includes the unit controller, grid-connected controller, the generating set control system, the generating set, 1# circuit breaker, 1# is presented out the interface, 2# circuit breaker and 3# is presented out the interface, the unit controller passes through generating set control system 4 electric connection generating set, unit controller electric connection grid-connected controller and can communicate with it, unit controller electric connection 1# circuit breaker and control its divide-shut brake, grid-connected controller electric connection 2# circuit breaker controls its divide-shut brake, 1# circuit breaker upper pile head is connected with the generating set output, 1# circuit breaker lower pile head is connected with 1# is presented out the interface, 2# is presented out the interface respectively, although can ensure to be uninterrupted power when the supply vehicle is incorporated into the power networks, but because only use the supply vehicle power supply, supply vehicle capacity is insufficient to support long-time power supply and leads to the problem that the practicality is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the problems of insufficient capacity of the power supply vehicle in the prior art that only the power supply vehicle is used for supplying power; the uninterrupted maintenance method is provided.
The technical problems of the invention are mainly solved by the following technical proposal:
the invention comprises the following steps:
a1: accessing a mobile energy storage power system into a power grid, and starting the mobile energy storage system to enter a grid-connected standby state;
a2: cutting off a power supply of the mobile energy storage system, automatically switching the mobile energy storage system from a grid-connected standby state to a grid-off power supply state, transferring load to store energy, and starting maintenance operation without power failure;
a3: when the electric quantity of the mobile energy storage power supply is insufficient, the mobile energy storage power supply is connected to the diesel power generation vehicle, the load is transferred to the diesel power generation vehicle, and meanwhile, the mobile energy storage power supply system is supplemented with electricity;
a4: when the electric quantity of the mobile energy storage power supply system is full or the diesel of the diesel power generation vehicle is insufficient for supplying power, the diesel power generation vehicle is exited, and the load is transferred to store energy;
a5: and (3) ending uninterrupted operation, collecting voltage data of the transformer area, manually operating the energy storage system to perform synchronous grid-connected operation, and switching on the power supply of the transformer area manually after synchronous completion.
Preferably, in order to distinguish the states of the mobile energy storage power supply system conveniently, the state of charge SOC of the energy storage system is divided into 5 sections, which are respectively:
forbidden charging area: SOC is greater than or equal to SOC max When the energy storage system is in a state of allowing discharging and not allowing charging; SOC (State of Charge) max The state of charge maximum allowed to charge for the energy storage system.
Charging alarm area: SOC (State of Charge) high ≤SOC＜SOC max When the energy storage system allows discharge; SOC (State of Charge) high Is the maximum value of the normal state of charge value of the energy storage device.
Normal value zone: SOC (State of Charge) low ≤SOC≤SOC high When the energy storage system is in a charging state, the energy storage system is allowed to charge and discharge; SOC (State of Charge) low Is the minimum value of the normal state of charge of the energy storage device.
A discharge alarm region: SOC (State of Charge) min ≤SOC≤SOC low When the energy storage system allows charging; SOC (State of Charge) min A minimum value of state of charge, SOC, that allows discharge for the energy storage system;
forbidden region: SOC is less than or equal to SOC min When the energy storage system is in the state of charge, the energy storage system is allowed to charge and is not allowed to discharge.
Preferably, the energy storage system outputs power P OUT Is required to be larger than the important load fluctuation peak value P IIMAX Simultaneously determining off-grid power supply time T of energy storage system SE The formula is as follows:
wherein T is SEMIN The minimum value T of the off-grid power supply time of the energy storage system SEMAX Maximum value of off-grid power supply time of energy storage system, P IIMIN P, which is the minimum value of important load fluctuation IIMAX For important load fluctuation peak value, P OUT Output power for energy storage system C U Is the capacity of the energy storage system.
Preferably, when the energy storage system is powered off-grid for a time T SE Reaching the maximum value T of the off-grid power supply time of the energy storage system SEMAX And when the mobile energy storage system is connected with the diesel power generation vehicle to supply power, the mobile energy storage system is withdrawn.
Preferably, the diesel-electric vehicle is connected when the following conditions are satisfied: SOC (State of Charge) min ≤SOC≤SOC low
As a preferred wash, the output power of the connected diesel generator car needs to meet the following conditions:
wherein P is DGC For the output power of diesel generator car, P IIAP For important load actual power, P SEP And supplementing electric power for the energy storage system.
Preferably, according to the important load fluctuation range P IIMIN ～P IIMAX Charging power P of energy storage system SEP Capacity C of diesel generator car UD Determining off-grid power supply time T of diesel generator car SED The formula is as follows:
wherein T is SEDMIN Minimum time for off-grid power supply of diesel generator car, T SEDMAX The diesel-electric vehicle can be powered off-grid for the longest time.
Preferably, when SOC occurs high ≤SOC＜SOC max The off-grid power supply time of the diesel generator car is longer than T SEDMAX In either case, the diesel generator car is exited and the load is supplied by the mobile energy storage power supply system.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) Based on the mobile energy storage power supply system, seamless switching of important loads from grid-connected power supply to off-grid power supply in uninterrupted operation can be realized, and uninterrupted and non-perception switching power supply is realized;
(2) The diesel generator car can be matched based on the mobile energy storage power supply system, so that the problem of short endurance time of the mobile energy storage power supply system in long-time uninterrupted maintenance operation is solved;
(3) Based on the mobile energy storage power supply system, the service time of the diesel generator car can be greatly reduced, and the problems of large noise, serious pollution and the like of the diesel generator car are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a diesel-electric combined uninterrupted operation flow.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described below through examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Examples:
the diesel-storage combined uninterrupted maintenance operation method based on mobile energy storage in the embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following steps: a1: accessing a mobile energy storage power system into a power grid, and starting the mobile energy storage system to enter a grid-connected standby state; meanwhile, in order to conveniently distinguish the states of the mobile energy storage power supply system, the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage system is divided into 5 sections, which are respectively: forbidden charging area: when the SOC is more than or equal to SOCmax, the energy storage system allows discharging and does not allow charging; SOCmax is the maximum state of charge that the energy storage system is allowed to charge.
Charging alarm area: when SOChigh is less than or equal to SOC and less than SOCmax, the energy storage system is allowed to discharge; SOChigh is the maximum value of the normal state of charge value of the energy storage device. When the energy storage system is in the charging alarm zone, the electric quantity of the mobile energy storage system is about to be full, and the diesel generator car can be withdrawn from power supply at the moment, so that the mobile energy storage system replaces the diesel generator car to carry out grid-connected power supply.
Normal value zone: when SOClow is less than or equal to SOC and less than or equal to SOChigh, the energy storage system allows charging and discharging; SOClow is the minimum value of the normal state of charge of the energy storage device
A discharge alarm region: when SOCmin is less than or equal to SOC and less than or equal to SOClow, the energy storage system allows charging; SOCmin is the minimum value of the state of charge SOC of the energy storage system which allows discharging, and when the mobile energy storage system is in a discharging alarm zone, the residual electric quantity of the energy storage system is insufficient, and the mobile energy storage system is in an electric quantity insufficient state and needs to be powered off.
Forbidden region: and when the SOC is less than or equal to SOCmin, the energy storage system is allowed to charge and is not allowed to discharge. After the energy storage power supply system is divided into the five intervals, the state of the energy storage power supply system can be monitored in real time, and the power supply or grid-connected power supply can be timely stopped when the energy storage system is in insufficient electric quantity or full electric quantity.
In addition, in order to be able to normally supply the load electricity in the area, the energy storage system must also be selected with the following conditions: energy storage system output power P OUT Is required to be larger than the important load fluctuation peak value P IIMAX And determining the off-grid power supply time T of the energy storage system SE The formula is as follows:
wherein T is SEMIN Minimum value of off-grid power supply time of energy storage system, T SEMAX Maximum value of off-grid power supply time of energy storage system, P IIMIN P, the minimum value of important load fluctuation IIMAX For important load fluctuation peak value, P OUT Output power for energy storage system C U Is the capacity of the energy storage system. After the off-grid power supply time of the energy storage system is determined, if the state of the energy storage system cannot be detected, whether the diesel generator car needs to be connected to replace the mobile energy storage system to supply power to the load can be determined by whether the off-grid power supply maximum time of the energy storage system is reached.
A2: cutting off a power supply of the mobile energy storage system, automatically switching the mobile energy storage system from a grid-connected standby state to a grid-off power supply state, transferring load to store energy, and starting maintenance operation without power failure;
a3: when the electric quantity of the mobile energy storage power supply is insufficient, the mobile energy storage power supply is connected to the diesel power generation vehicle, the load is transferred to the diesel power generation vehicle, and meanwhile, the mobile energy storage power supply system is supplemented with electricity; to exit the mobile energy storage system and access the diesel generator car, the SOC must be satisfied min ≤SOC≤SOC low Or the energy storage system reaches the maximum off-grid power supply time, and the mobile energy storage system can be powered off if any one of the two conditions is met. The diesel generator car connected in must also meet
Wherein P is bGC For the output power of diesel generator car, P IIAP For important load actual power, P SEP The power supply of the energy storage system, namely the output power of the diesel generator car, is required to be simultaneously larger than the peak value of important load fluctuation and the sum of the actual power of the important load and the power supply of the energy storage system. The power of the energy storage system is supplied, namely the charging power of the energy storage system, after the energy storage system is withdrawn from power supply, the diesel generator car is required to supply power for the energy storage system, and the energy storage system is still used for supplying power for the load after the energy storage system is fully charged due to higher power supply quality of the energy storage system.
A4: when the electric quantity of the mobile energy storage power supply system is full or the diesel of the diesel power generation vehicle is insufficient for supplying power, the diesel power generation vehicle is exited, and the load is transferred to store energy; the sign of full charge of the mobile energy storage power supply system is SOC high ≤SOC＜SOC max When the off-grid power supply time of the diesel generator car is longer than T SEDMAX When the diesel power generation vehicle is not powered enough by diesel fuel; using the critical load fluctuation range P IIMIN ～P IIMAX Charging power P of energy storage system SEP Capacity C of diesel generator car UD Determining off-grid power supply time T of diesel generator car SED The formula is as follows:
wherein T is SEDMIN Minimum time for off-grid power supply of diesel generator car, T SEDMAX The maximum time for off-grid power supply of the diesel generator car.
A5: and (3) ending uninterrupted operation, collecting voltage data of the transformer area, manually operating the energy storage system to perform synchronous grid-connected operation, and switching on the power supply of the transformer area manually after synchronous completion. When the uninterrupted power overhaul operation is finished, the voltage acquisition cable is used for acquiring the voltage U data of the platform area for the mobile energy storage power supply system, the mobile energy storage power supply system is manually operated to start synchronization grid connection after acquisition, the voltage data change and synchronization signal feedback of the mobile energy storage power supply system are observed, and when the mobile energy storage power supply system prompts that the synchronization is finished and the switching-on is allowed, the platform area power supply is immediately switched on manually, and the load is switched into the platform area.
It should be understood that the examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it is understood that various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teachings of the present invention, and such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the claims appended hereto.
Claims (6)
1. A firewood and storage combined uninterrupted maintenance operation method based on mobile energy storage comprises the following steps:
a1: accessing a mobile energy storage power system into a power grid, and starting the mobile energy storage system to enter a grid-connected standby state;
a2: cutting off a power supply of the mobile energy storage system, automatically switching the mobile energy storage system from a grid-connected standby state to a grid-off power supply state, transferring load to store energy, and starting maintenance operation without power failure;
a3: when the electric quantity of the mobile energy storage power supply is insufficient, the mobile energy storage power supply is connected to the diesel power generation vehicle, the load is transferred to the diesel power generation vehicle, and meanwhile, the mobile energy storage power supply system is supplemented with electricity;
a4: when the electric quantity of the mobile energy storage power supply system is full or the diesel of the diesel power generation vehicle is insufficient for supplying power, the diesel power generation vehicle is exited, and the load is transferred to store energy;
a5: the uninterrupted maintenance operation is finished, the voltage data of the transformer area are collected, the energy storage system is manually operated to perform synchronous grid-connected operation, synchronous completion is achieved, and the transformer area power supply is manually switched on;
the output power P of the energy storage system OUT Is required to be larger than the important load fluctuation peak value P IIMAX Determining the off-grid power supply time T of energy storage system SE The formula is as follows:
wherein T is SEMIN Minimum value of off-grid power supply time of energy storage system, T SEMAX Maximum value of off-grid power supply time of energy storage system, P IIMIN P, the minimum value of important load fluctuation IIMAX For important load fluctuation peak value, P OUT Output power for energy storage system C U Is the capacity of the energy storage system; time T when energy storage system is powered off grid SE Reaching the maximum value T of the off-grid power supply time of the energy storage system SEMAX And when the mobile energy storage system is connected with the diesel power generation vehicle to supply power, the mobile energy storage system is withdrawn.
2. The diesel-electric combined uninterrupted service operation method based on mobile energy storage of claim 1, wherein the state of charge SOC of the energy storage system is divided into 5 intervals:
forbidden charging area: SOC is greater than or equal to SOC max When the energy storage system is in a state of allowing discharging and not allowing charging; wherein SOC is max A state of charge maximum value that allows charging for the energy storage system;
charging alarm area: SOC (State of Charge) high ≤SOC＜SOC max When the energy storage system allows discharge; SOC (State of Charge) high Is the maximum value of the normal state of charge value of the energy storage device;
normal value zone: SOC (State of Charge) low ≤SOC≤SOC high When the energy storage system is in a charging state, the energy storage system is allowed to charge and discharge; SOC (State of Charge) low Is the minimum value of the normal state of charge of the energy storage device;
a discharge alarm region: SOC (State of Charge) min ≤SOC≤SOC low When the energy storage system allows charging; SOC (State of Charge) min Is an energy storage systemA minimum value of state of charge SOC that allows discharge;
forbidden region: and when the SOC is less than or equal to SOCmin, the energy storage system is allowed to charge and is not allowed to discharge.
3. The diesel-electric combined uninterrupted service operation method based on mobile energy storage of claim 1, wherein the diesel-electric power generation car is connected when the following conditions are met: SOC (State of Charge) min ≤SOC≤SOC low 。
4. The diesel-electric combined uninterrupted maintenance operation method based on mobile energy storage of claim 1, wherein the output power of the connected diesel power generation vehicle is required to meet the following conditions:
wherein P is DGC For the output power of diesel generator car, P IIAP For important load actual power, P SEP And supplementing electric power for the energy storage system.
5. The diesel-electric combined uninterrupted power overhaul operation method based on mobile energy storage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that according to the important load fluctuation range P IIMIN ～P IIMAX Charging power P of energy storage system SEP Capacity C of diesel generator car UD Determining off-grid power supply time T of diesel generator car SED The formula is as follows:
wherein T is SEDMIN Minimum time for off-grid power supply of diesel generator car, T SEDMAX The maximum time for off-grid power supply of the diesel generator car.
6. The diesel-electric combined uninterrupted power supply maintenance operation method based on mobile energy storage of claim 5Characterized in that when SOC occurs high ≤SOC＜SOC max The off-grid power supply time of the diesel generator car is longer than T SEDMAX In either case, the diesel generator car is exited and the load is supplied by the mobile energy storage power supply system.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111327698.4A CN114285025B (en) | 2021-11-10 | 2021-11-10 | Diesel-storage combined uninterrupted maintenance operation method based on mobile energy storage |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111327698.4A CN114285025B (en) | 2021-11-10 | 2021-11-10 | Diesel-storage combined uninterrupted maintenance operation method based on mobile energy storage |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114285025A CN114285025A (en) | 2022-04-05 |
| CN114285025B true CN114285025B (en) | 2023-06-27 |
Family
ID=80868919
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111327698.4A Active CN114285025B (en) | 2021-11-10 | 2021-11-10 | Diesel-storage combined uninterrupted maintenance operation method based on mobile energy storage |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114285025B (en) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102496965B (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2014-02-26 | 天津天大求实电力新技术股份有限公司 | Island-grid-based method for power supply of diesel generator and energy storage coordination control of battery |
| CN103647336B (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-08-05 | 哈尔滨光宇电源股份有限公司 | The control method of the electric hybrid power source system of oil and this power-supply system |
| CN110190647A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-30 | 国网天津市电力公司 | A kind of 10kV power distribution network does not have a power failure electric power operation car |
| CN213056847U (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2021-04-27 | 广东南海电力设计院工程有限公司 | Movable energy storage vehicle for temporary power utilization engineering |
-
2021
- 2021-11-10 CN CN202111327698.4A patent/CN114285025B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114285025A (en) | 2022-04-05 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102044989B (en) | Hybrid energy power supply system and method based on solar system | |
| CN102684215B (en) | Energy management system for grid-connected operation of wind and photovoltaic power storage micro-grid system | |
| CN104682536A (en) | Charging control method for energy-storage charging station | |
| CN201328023Y (en) | Back-up power for electric pitch system of wind turbine | |
| CN109768561A (en) | A kind of Control of Electric Vehicles method and system | |
| CN111884253B (en) | Wind-solar storage and charging campus micro-grid system and control method thereof | |
| CN201774265U (en) | Energy storage power station for clean energy source compensation and energy storage system with clean energy compensation | |
| CN113725848A (en) | Off-grid type light storage diesel power supply system and method for avoiding frequent switching of operation modes | |
| CN210297268U (en) | Hybrid energy storage system for thermal power combined AGC frequency modulation | |
| CN114285025B (en) | Diesel-storage combined uninterrupted maintenance operation method based on mobile energy storage | |
| CN209963766U (en) | Microgrid optical storage and charging energy control device sharing direct current bus | |
| CN208760444U (en) | The urban transportation | |
| CN113193645B (en) | Control method of hydrogen fuel cell emergency power supply system | |
| CN202872443U (en) | Fuel-cell-based communication power supply | |
| CN115714436A (en) | Stable power supply method of multi-energy storage power supply system suitable for traffic system | |
| CN213846249U (en) | Electric vehicle charging station based on V2G | |
| CN115764951A (en) | Alternating current coupling light storage and charging system | |
| CN212811365U (en) | Photovoltaic backup emergency power supply of variable pitch system | |
| CN114937985A (en) | Power supply system | |
| CN113162092A (en) | Distributed energy storage aggregation system and control method thereof | |
| CN104065064B (en) | 110 kv substation microgrid control methods | |
| CN114559850A (en) | Matrix bus-tie control-based super fast-charging group control system and control method | |
| CN209119827U (en) | A kind of automatic energy saving on-line maintenance apparatus and system of petrochemical industry communication base station battery | |
| CN102347617A (en) | Energy storage power station for clean energy source compensation and energy storage system with clean energy source compensation function | |
| KR20160075999A (en) | System and Method for Complementary Power Control in Bipolar DC distribution system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |