CN114284853A - Intermediate infrared dual-wavelength tunable femtosecond pulse laser - Google Patents
Intermediate infrared dual-wavelength tunable femtosecond pulse laser Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
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- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910010944 LiGaS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a femtosecond pulse laser with tunable intermediate infrared dual wavelength, which comprises a femtosecond laser, a white light module, a first Martinux compressor, a near infrared optical parameter amplification module, a second Martinux compressor and an intermediate infrared optical parameter amplification module, wherein the femtosecond laser is connected with the white light module through a power supply; the femtosecond laser is used for generating pumping pulses; the white light module is used for realizing spectrum broadening of the pump pulse channel; the first Martinz compressor is used for compressing the laser pulse to obtain a first laser pulse; the near-infrared optical parametric amplification module is used for amplifying the first laser pulse to obtain a dual-wavelength near-infrared pulse; the second Martintz compressor is used for compressing the dual-wavelength near-infrared pulse to obtain a second laser pulse; the intermediate infrared optical parametric amplification module is used for amplifying the second laser pulse to obtain a dual-wavelength intermediate infrared pulse; the invention outputs the mid-infrared femtosecond laser with the average power of hundreds of milliwatts through two-stage optical parametric amplification, and ensures wider bandwidth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid ultrafast lasers, in particular to a femtosecond pulse laser with tunable intermediate infrared dual wavelengths.
Background
Due to the lack of a gain medium capable of direct lasing in the mid-infrared band, nonlinear parametric down-conversion is the only method for generating mid-infrared (especially wavelengths above 4 μm) femtosecond pulses, including parametric transformation, stimulated raman scattering, supercontinuum generation, and the like. And selecting a proper nonlinear material, and converting the femtosecond pulse of the near infrared band into the intermediate infrared band through a second-order or third-order nonlinear effect. The optical parametric transformation technology has the advantages of high conversion efficiency, large gain bandwidth and flexible phase matching, and becomes the most effective means for generating the continuously tunable intermediate infrared femtosecond laser with high average power and bandwidth. Benefiting from LiGaS2Large crystal band gap, wide transmission range and weak two-photon absorption. The output energy and average power converted from the near infrared parametric to the mid infrared pulse can be further improved with a 1 μm pump. For a long-wavelength (> 5 μm) mid-infrared ultrafast laser light source, the absorption fingerprint resonance peak of some important molecules is located in the mid-infrared region of long wavelength, which is helpful for the study of molecular structure dynamics. Therefore, ultra-short mid-infrared pulses with high average power and bandwidth covering the mid-infrared region of 5-12 μm are necessary.
The main problem in the prior art is that a wide bandwidth and a high average power cannot be achieved simultaneously, for example, the use of a nonlinear crystal with a longer length can indeed improve parametric conversion efficiency and obtain a mid-infrared pulse with a higher average power, but the bandwidth is very limited due to the serious phase mismatch.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a mid-infrared dual-wavelength tunable femtosecond pulse laser which can ensure a mid-infrared femtosecond laser with a wider bandwidth.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a femtosecond pulse laser with tunable intermediate infrared dual wavelength comprises a femtosecond laser, a white light module, a first Martinez compressor, a near infrared optical parametric amplification module, a second Martinez compressor and an intermediate infrared optical parametric amplification module;
the femtosecond laser is used for generating 1 μm pumping pulse;
the white light module is used for realizing spectrum broadening of the pumping pulse through self-phase modulation;
the first Martinus compressor is used for compressing the laser pulse subjected to frequency spectrum broadening to generate a first laser pulse;
the near-infrared optical parametric amplification module is used for amplifying the first laser pulse and the first laser pulse after the pump light is combined, and obtaining dual-wavelength near-infrared pulses after the pump light is separated;
the second Martintz compressor is used for compressing the dual-wavelength near-infrared pulse to obtain a second laser pulse;
the intermediate infrared optical parametric amplification module is used for amplifying the second laser pulse and the second laser pulse after the pump light is combined, simultaneously generating dual-wavelength intermediate infrared pulse, and separating the pump light from the second laser pulse to obtain the dual-wavelength intermediate infrared pulse.
Further, the white light module comprises a diaphragm, a plano-convex lens, a YAG crystal and a long-wavelength-pass filter which are arranged in sequence; the YAG crystal is arranged on the moving platform, and the distance between the YAG crystal and the plano-convex lens is changed.
Further, the first Martinez compressor comprises two blazed gratings and a confocal system arranged between the two blazed gratings; the confocal system includes two lenses.
Further, the near-infrared optical parametric amplification module comprises a dichroic mirror, an LGS crystal, a dichroic mirror and a long-wavelength-pass filter which are sequentially arranged; the first laser pulse and the pump light are combined through a dichroic mirror and enter an LGS crystal to be amplified; after amplification, the amplified near-infrared pulse light and the pump light are separated through the dichroic mirror and the long-wave pass filter in sequence.
Further, the second martinnez compressor comprises two blazed gratings and a confocal system arranged between the two blazed gratings; the confocal system includes two lenses.
Furthermore, the intermediate infrared optical parametric amplification module comprises a dichroic mirror, an LGS crystal, a dichroic mirror and a germanium sheet which are sequentially arranged; the second laser pulse and the pump light are combined through a dichroic mirror and enter an LGS crystal to be amplified, and intermediate infrared pulse light is generated; and after amplification, the generated intermediate infrared pulse light is separated from the pump light and the second laser pulse sequentially through the dichroic mirror and the germanium sheet.
Further, the YAG crystal length is 10mm, and the focal length of the plano-convex lens is 150 mm.
Further, the LGS crystal length is 8 mm; the first laser pulse passes through a plano-convex lens with the focal length of 250mm before beam combination; pumping light passes through a plano-convex lens with the thickness of 150mm before beam combination; the LGS crystal light-passing surface is provided with a dielectric film.
Further, the LGS crystal length is 8 mm; before beam combination, the second laser pulse and the pump light pass through a plano-convex lens with the focal length of 150 mm; the LGS crystal light-passing surface is provided with a dielectric film.
Furthermore, the near-infrared optical parametric amplification module further comprises a time delay device, and the optical path of the pump is controlled by the time delay device before the pump light is combined into a beam.
Furthermore, the intermediate infrared optical parametric amplification module further comprises a time delay device, and the optical path of the pump is controlled by the time delay device before the pump light is combined into a beam.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention can realize the tuning of dual wavelengths of 5-12 mu m by adjusting the phase matching angle of the LGS crystal and has higher average power;
(2) the invention combines white light and Martinez compressors to generate a super-continuum spectrum without time chirp;
(3) the method comprises the steps of providing negative dispersion to compress seed pulses through a first Martintz compressor, and obtaining dual-wavelength tunable near-infrared pulses through a near-infrared optical parametric amplification module; the second Martinuzer compressor is used for carrying out dispersion compensation on the dual-wavelength near infrared pulse, so that the corresponding tunable dual-wavelength mid-infrared femtosecond pulse can be generated in the mid-infrared optical parametric amplification module;
(4) according to the invention, a pair of wavelength components with the same phase matching angle are slightly separated in a time domain through the distance between a second grating in the Martintz compressor and the focus of a second lens, and then optical parametric amplification is carried out; by adjusting the time coincidence between the pumping pulse and the two frequency components, the relative strength tuning of a pair of wavelength components with the same phase matching angle in the range of 5-12 mu m can be realized.
(5) According to the invention, all frequency components of the signal light are overlapped on a time domain by using the Martinez compressor, and tuning of different dual wavelengths within the range of 5-12 mu m can be realized by adjusting the phase matching angle of the LGS crystal.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an infrared dual-wavelength tunable femtosecond pulse laser in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a tuning diagram of relative strengths of a pair of wavelength components corresponding to different phase matching angles under the condition that the martindz compressor does not completely compensate dispersion according to the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 shows an embodiment in which after the dispersion of the signal light is completely compensated, the LiGaS is adjusted2And the phase matching angle of the crystal corresponds to the amplified dual-wavelength mid-infrared pulse at different positions.
In the figure: the device comprises a 1-femtosecond laser, a 2-white light module, a 3-first Martinner's compressor, a 4-near infrared optical parametric amplification module, a 5-second Martinner's compressor and a 6-intermediate infrared optical parametric amplification module.
HWP-half wave plate, TFP-thin film polaroid, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, L8 and L9 are plano-convex lenses, LPF-long wave pass filter, HR1-1100 and 1650nm dielectric film reflecting mirror, G1, G2, G3 and G4 are gratings, DM 1-dichroic mirror and BD-baffle.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a femtosecond pulse laser device with tunable mid-infrared dual wavelength includes a femtosecond laser device 1, a white light module 2, a first martindz compressor 3, a near-infrared optical parametric amplification module 4, a second martindz compressor 5, and a mid-infrared optical parametric amplification module 6.
The femtosecond laser 1 is used for generating pumping pulses; the femtosecond laser outputs 1 μm femtosecond laser for Pharos laser.
The white light module 2 is used for realizing spectrum broadening of the pumping pulse through self-phase modulation; the device comprises a diaphragm, a plano-convex lens, a YAG crystal and a long-wavelength-pass filter which are arranged in sequence; the YAG crystal is arranged on the moving platform, and the distance between the YAG crystal and the plano-convex lens is changed. The frequency spectrum broadening is realized by using self-phase modulation through a YAG crystal, wherein the length of the YAG crystal is 10mm, the focal length of a plano-convex lens is 150mm, and the power of 1 mu m laser focused in the crystal is controlled by changing the size of a diaphragm. By adjusting the distance between the YAG crystal and the plano-convex lens, the focal point of the lens is positioned on the rear surface of the YAG crystal, so that the frequency spectrum is widened to about 1500 nm.
The first Martinez compressor 3 is used for compressing the laser pulse after the frequency spectrum is widened to generate a first laser pulse; the first Martinz compressor 3 comprises two blazed gratings and a confocal system arranged between the two blazed gratings; the confocal system comprises two plano-convex lenses with a focal length of 100 mm. The spectrum stretched by self-phase modulation has chirp in the time domain, so that group delay exists between different frequency components. The chirp can be well eliminated by introducing negative dispersion through the first Martintz compressor to perform time domain compression on the white light. White light enters the grating G1 at an incident angle of 10.4 degrees, diffracted light enters the grating G2 after passing through a confocal system consisting of two lenses with the focal length of 100mm, and emergent light of G2 is returned from the original path through two reflectors with height difference. The single diffraction efficiency of the blazed grating at the central wavelength (1150-1250 nm) is more than 92%, and the total efficiency is about 72%. The grating G2 was placed approximately 5mm behind the focal point of lens L2 to ensure that the white light was compressed by providing negative dispersion.
The near-infrared optical parametric amplification module 4 is configured to amplify the first laser pulse and the first laser pulse after the pump light is combined, and obtain a dual-wavelength near-infrared pulse after the pump light is separated. The near-infrared optical parametric amplification module 4 comprises a dichroic mirror, an LGS crystal, a dichroic mirror and a long-wavelength pass filter which are sequentially arranged; the first laser pulse and the pump light are combined through a dichroic mirror and enter an LGS crystal to be amplified; after amplification, the amplified near infrared light and the pump light are separated through the dichroic mirror and the long-wave pass filter in sequence. The near-infrared optical parametric amplification module 4 further comprises a time delay device, and the optical path of the pump is controlled by the time delay device before the pump light is combined into a beam. The time delay means is shown in fig. 1 as delay and comprises two oppositely arranged mirrors.
The first laser pulse generated after being compressed by the first Martinner compressor 3 and the pump light with the diameter of 1 mu m generated by the femtosecond laser 1 are subjected to beam combination through a dichroic mirror (HT @1135-1600nm, HR @1030nm) and then enter the LiGaS with the diameter of 8mm2Amplifying in the crystal, and respectively reducing the light beam of the first laser pulse and the pump light before incidence through plano-convex lenses with the focal lengths of 250mm and 150mm to ensure incidence to LiGaS2The spot diameter of the front surface of the crystal was 1 mm. Thereby controlling the peak intensity of the incident pulse to be 20-40 GW/cm2And the crystal is prevented from being damaged. The optical path length of the pump is controlled by a time delay device to ensure that the signal light and the pump light are time-coincident. LiGaS2The size of the crystal is 5X 8mm3Theta 51 °, Phi 0 °, corresponds to the first type of phase matching. Designing a crystal length of 8mm ensures a sufficiently high conversion efficiency. The light-passing surface of the crystal is polished and plated with a dielectric film which is highly transparent to the wavelength of the signal light. In LiGaS2And separating the amplified near-infrared pulse from the pump sequentially through a dichroic mirror (HT @1135-1600nm, HR @1030nm) and a long-wave pass filter (1100 nm). Due to LiGaS2The phase matching angle of the crystal in a certain range corresponds to two different wavelength components, and the compressed white light can simultaneously amplify the two wavelength components through 1 mu m of pump light.
The second Martintz compressor 5 is used for compressing the dual-wavelength near-infrared pulse to obtain a second laser pulse. The second Martinz compressor 5 comprises two blazed gratings and a confocal system arranged between the two blazed gratings; the confocal system includes two lenses. Using LiGaS2The amplified dual-wavelength near-infrared pulse of the crystal is used for compensating positive dispersion generated in the amplification process through a second Martinez compressor 5. The dual wavelength near infrared pulse travels at an angle of incidence of 10.4 degThe diffracted light enters the grating G3, enters the grating G4 after passing through a confocal system consisting of two lenses with the focal length of 100mm, and returns the emergent light of G4 from the original path through two reflectors with height difference. The grating G4 is designed to be placed about 7mm behind the focal point of the lens L7 to ensure sufficient negative dispersion. The single diffraction efficiency of the blazed grating at the central wavelength (1150-1250 nm) is more than 92%, and the total efficiency is about 72%.
The mid-infrared optical parametric amplification module 6 is used for amplifying the second laser pulse and the second laser pulse after the pump light is combined, and obtaining the dual-wavelength mid-infrared pulse after the pump light is separated. The intermediate infrared optical parametric amplification module 6 comprises a dichroic mirror, an LGS crystal, a dichroic mirror and a germanium sheet which are sequentially arranged; the second laser pulse and the pump light are combined through a dichroic mirror and enter an LGS crystal to be amplified, and intermediate infrared pulse light is generated; and after amplification, the generated intermediate infrared pulse light is separated from the pump light and the second laser pulse sequentially through the dichroic mirror and the germanium sheet.
The compressed dual-wavelength near infrared pulse without time chirp output from the second Martintz compressor 5 is combined with the pumping light with the average power of 12W and the wavelength of 1 μm through a dichroic mirror (HT @1135-1600nm, HR @1030nm) and then enters the LiGaS with the wavelength of 8mm2In the crystal, mid-infrared dual-wavelength pulses are generated by optical parametric amplification. Before incidence, the second laser pulse and the pump light are both reduced through the plano-convex lens with the focal length of 150mm, and incidence to LiGaS is guaranteed2The diameter of a light spot on the front surface of the crystal is 2.4mm, so that the peak intensity of an incident pulse is controlled to be 20-40 GW/cm2And the crystal is prevented from being damaged. LiGaS2The size of the crystal is 5X 8mm3Theta 51 °, Phi 0 °, corresponds to the first type of phase matching. Designing a crystal length of 8mm ensures a sufficiently high conversion efficiency. The light-passing surface of the crystal is polished and plated with a dielectric film which is highly transparent to the wavelength of the signal light. In LiGaS2And separating the generated mid-infrared pulse from the signal and the pump sequentially through a dichroic mirror (HT @ 5-11 mu m, HR @1030nm) and a germanium sheet after the crystal.
Fig. 2 is a tuning diagram showing the relative strengths of a pair of wavelength components corresponding to different phase matching angles in the case where the martindz compressor does not completely compensate for dispersion. a is the tuning plot of wavelengths at 5.5 μm and 11.3 μm; b is the tuning diagram for wavelengths at 6.2 μm and 10.6 μm; c is the tuning diagram for wavelengths at 6.6 μm and 10 μm; d is the tuning diagram for wavelengths at 6.9 μm and 9.7 μm; e is the tuning plot of the wavelengths at 7.2 μm and 9.1 μm.
Curve a corresponds to the fact that the amplified two wavelengths are substantially equal in intensity when the time delay of the pump light is in the middle of the two wavelengths. The curve B corresponds to the fact that the short-wave amplification is significantly higher than the long-wave amplification when the delay of the pump light is biased towards the short-wave component. The C-curve corresponds to a long-wave amplification which is significantly higher than the short-wave amplification when the delay of the pump light is biased towards the long-wave component.
FIG. 3 shows the dispersion of the signal light after complete compensation by adjusting LiGaS2The phase matching angle of the crystal, different angles produce corresponding mid-infrared dual-wavelength spectrograms.
Curve a corresponds to wavelength pairs of 5.5 μm and 11.3 μm; curve B corresponds to wavelength pairs of 6.2 μm and 10.6 μm; curve C corresponds to wavelength pairs of 6.6 μm and 10 μm; curve D corresponds to wavelength pairs of 6.9 μm and 9.7 μm; orange E corresponds to a wavelength pair of 7.2 μm and 9.1 μm; curve F is a broad bandwidth mid-ir pulse with a center wavelength of about 8.5 μm generated at the optimum phase matching.
The invention provides broadband seed pulses by utilizing white light generated by self-phase modulation of a femtosecond pumping source in a YAG crystal, compresses the seed pulses by adopting a first Martintz compressor to provide negative dispersion, and utilizes the LiGaS-based crystal2The optical parameter of the crystal is amplified to obtain dual-wavelength tunable near-infrared pulse, and the generated dual-wavelength near-infrared pulse is subjected to dispersion compensation through a second Martintz compressor so as to ensure that the dual-wavelength tunable near-infrared pulse is subjected to subsequent LiGaS-based dispersion compensation2The corresponding tunable dual-wavelength mid-infrared femtosecond pulse can be generated in the optical parametric amplification of the crystal, and the tunable function of the dual wavelength between 5 and 12 mu m can be realized by adjusting the phase matching angle of the crystal. Meanwhile, for a pair of wavelength components with the same phase matching angle, two specific frequency components are adjusted on the time domain by adjusting the distance between a second grating and a second lens focus in the Martintz compressorAnd the optical parametric amplification is carried out after slight separation, and the relative strength of a pair of wavelength components with the same phase matching angle in the range of 5-12 mu m can be tuned by adjusting the time coincidence between the pumping pulse and the two frequency components.
The invention selects LiGaS with the length of 8mm2The crystal directly outputs mid-infrared femtosecond laser with average power of hundreds of milliwatts through two-stage optical parametric amplification, and wide bandwidth is ensured. Meanwhile, the invention also realizes the tunability of dual wavelengths of the output wavelength within the range of 5-12 mu m, and the band has great significance for the applications of strong-field physics, molecular detection, biomedical treatment and the like.
Claims (11)
1. A femtosecond pulse laser device capable of tuning intermediate infrared dual wavelength is characterized in that: the device comprises a femtosecond laser (1), a white light module (2), a first Martinner's compressor (3), a near-infrared optical parametric amplification module (4), a second Martinner's compressor (5) and a mid-infrared optical parametric amplification module (6);
the femtosecond laser (1) is used for generating 1 mu m pumping pulse;
the white light module (2) is used for realizing spectrum broadening of the pump pulse through self-phase modulation;
the first Martinez compressor (3) is used for compressing the laser pulse after the frequency spectrum is widened to generate a first laser pulse;
the near-infrared optical parametric amplification module (4) is used for amplifying the first laser pulse and the first laser pulse after the pump light is combined, and obtaining dual-wavelength near-infrared pulses after the pump light is separated;
the second Martintz compressor (5) is used for compressing the dual-wavelength near infrared pulse to obtain a second laser pulse;
the intermediate infrared optical parametric amplification module (6) is used for amplifying the second laser pulse and the second laser pulse after the pump light is combined, simultaneously generating dual-wavelength intermediate infrared pulse, and separating the pump light from the second laser pulse to obtain the dual-wavelength intermediate infrared pulse.
2. The femtosecond pulse laser tunable with mid-infrared and dual wavelength as set forth in claim 1, wherein the white light module (2) comprises a diaphragm, a plano-convex lens, a YAG crystal and a long-wavelength pass filter which are arranged in sequence; the YAG crystal is arranged on the moving platform, and the distance between the YAG crystal and the plano-convex lens is changed.
3. A mid-infrared dual wavelength tunable femtosecond pulse laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first martyntz compressor (3) comprises two blazed gratings and a confocal system arranged between the two blazed gratings; the confocal system comprises two plano-convex lenses.
4. The femtosecond pulse laser device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the near-infrared optical parametric amplification module (4) comprises a dichroic mirror, an LGS crystal, a dichroic mirror and a long-wavelength pass filter, which are arranged in sequence; the first laser pulse and the pump light are combined through a dichroic mirror and enter an LGS crystal to be amplified; after amplification, the amplified near-infrared pulse light and the pump light are separated through the dichroic mirror and the long-wave pass filter in sequence.
5. A mid-infrared dual wavelength tunable femtosecond pulse laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second martyntz compressor (5) comprises two blazed gratings and a confocal system arranged between the two blazed gratings; the confocal system comprises two plano-convex lenses.
6. The femtosecond pulse laser device as recited in claim 1, wherein said intermediate infrared optical parametric amplification module (6) comprises a dichroic mirror, an LGS crystal, a dichroic mirror and a germanium chip, which are arranged in sequence; the second laser pulse and the pump light are combined through a dichroic mirror and enter an LGS crystal to be amplified, and intermediate infrared pulse light is generated; and after amplification, the generated intermediate infrared pulse light is separated from the pump light and the second laser pulse sequentially through the dichroic mirror and the germanium sheet.
7. A mid-infrared dual wavelength tunable femtosecond pulsed laser as claimed in claim 2, wherein said YAG crystal length is 10mm and plano-convex lens focal length is 150 mm.
8. A mid-infrared dual wavelength tunable femtosecond pulsed laser as claimed in claim 4, wherein the LGS crystal length is 8 mm; the first laser pulse passes through a plano-convex lens with the focal length of 250mm before beam combination; pumping light passes through a plano-convex lens with the thickness of 150mm before beam combination; the LGS crystal light-passing surface is provided with a dielectric film.
9. A mid-infrared dual wavelength tunable femtosecond pulsed laser as claimed in claim 6, wherein the LGS crystal length is 8 mm; before beam combination, the second laser pulse and the pump light pass through a plano-convex lens with the focal length of 150 mm; the LGS crystal light-passing surface is provided with a dielectric film.
10. The femtosecond pulse laser tunable to the mid-infrared dual-wavelength as set forth in claim 4, wherein the near-infrared optical parametric amplification module (4) further comprises a time delay device, and the optical path length of the pump is controlled by the time delay device before the pump light is combined.
11. The femtosecond pulse laser device as recited in claim 6, wherein said near-infrared optical parametric amplification module (6) further comprises a time delay device, and the optical path length of the pump is controlled by the time delay device before the pump light is combined.
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